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本研究依據學業情緒的控制—價值理論（Control-Value Theory, CVT）與認知—動機模式（cognitive-motivational model），採用前瞻性縱貫設計，解釋學習者的控制—價值評估如何互動，並透過愉悅／無聊情緒對動機涉入產生影響。據此，本研究首先考驗「控制評估→愉悅／無聊→動機涉入」的中介效果，以檢驗愉悅／無聊是否扮演中介變項角色；其次，以價值評估為調節變項，解釋價值評估是否調節上述的中介效果。本研究以468位臺灣七年級生為對象，進行為期3年，共包含三次的施測，蒐集資料以結構方程模式進行中介與條件化間接效果分析。研究指出：一、控制評估會透過愉悅／無聊進而對動機涉入產生中介效果，支持學業情緒的確為控制評估與動機涉入之中介變項；二、價值評估會調節上述中介效果：當學習者對數學學習的價值評估程度愈高時，學習者對數習學習的控制評估透過愉悅／無聊對動機涉入的正向間接效果則愈強，此結果支持控制—價值評估之互動觀點。 The academic emotion theory encompasses two main models: the control-value theory (CVT) and the cognitive motivational model. These models are used to examine the factors that precede and follow academic emotion (Pekrun et al., 2002). According to the CVT, academic emotions are closely related to how students perceive their control over learning and value achievement. When students perceive control and achievement, they experience positive emotions, such as enjoyment, hope, and pride, and their negative emotions, such as anxiety, hopelessness, or boredom, are reduced (Pekrun et al., 2002; Shao et al., 2020). The cognitive motivational model suggests that academic emotions affect learning and achievement through cognitive and motivational mechanisms, such as engagement (Pekrun et al., 2002). In summary, appraisals of control and value indirectly influence motivational engagement by shaping academic emotions. According to the CVT, academic emotions are not simply the result of control appraisal and value appraisal added together but rather a multiplicative function of these two factors. For instance, the effect of control appraisal on positive emotions, such as enjoyment, hope, and pride, is expected to be much stronger for students who have a higher value appraisal of academic study and achievement. Control appraisal and value appraisal interact for determining achievement-related emotions. Except for a few studies (Bieg et al., 2013; Goetz et al., 2010; Putwain et al., 2018; Shao et al., 2020), research so far has focused on investigating the separate (unique) effects (i.e., additive effects), rather than the interactive effects (i.e., synergistic effects), of control-value appraisals on academic emotions, learning, and achievement among students (Nagengast et al., 2011; Trautwein et al., 2012). Additionally, few studies in Taiwan have examined whether control appraisal and value appraisal have synergistic interaction effects on motivational engagement among students through academic emotions. In this study, we focused on two specific academic emotions: enjoyment and boredom. These emotions are frequently experienced in relation to achievement (Lüfteneggerr et al., 2016; Pekrun et al., 2002). Enjoyment is defined as a pleasant activating emotion, whereas boredom is defined as an unpleasant deactivating emotion. Both of these emotions are activity-related emotions (Pekrun, 2006). Additionally, researchers in the field of educational psychology often use motivational involvement as an external indicator of motivation. Motivational involvement refers to the learning strategies and actions adopted by students that contribute to their success in achieving learning goals (Pintrich & Schunk, 2008). Several studies have used indicators such as effort, persistence, and challenge-seeking and help-seeking behaviors to measure motivational engagement (Pintrich & Schunk, 2008). Accordingly, we integrated the CVT and the cognitive-motivational model to examine how control and value appraisal interact with the motivational engagement of students through enjoyment and boredom. The present study has two objectives. First, to construct mediation models to investigate the relationship between control appraisal, enjoyment/boredom, and motivational engagement (i.e., the indirect effects of control appraisal→ enjoyment/boredom→ motivational engagement). Second, to explore whether these mediation relationships can be moderated by value appraisal. Two research questions guided the research: (1) Does control appraisal have indirect effects on motivational engagement through the feelings of enjoyment and boredom? (2) Does value appraisal moderate the aforementioned mediation effects? In research question 1, we hypothesize that control appraisal exerts positive predictive effects on enjoyment and motivational engagement but has negative predictive effects on boredom. We also hypothesize that motivational engagement is positively predicted by enjoyment but is negatively predicted by boredom (research hypothesis 1-1). Furthermore, we hypothesize that enjoyment/boredom mediates the relationship between control appraisal and motivational engagement. In other words, control appraisal promotes enjoyment but reduces boredom, which in turn increases motivational engagement (research hypothesis 1-2). In research question 2, we hypothesize that value appraisal moderates the positive indirect effects of “control appraisal→enjoyment/boredom→ motivational engagement” (research hypothesis 2). Students from 18 seventh-grade classes in Taiwanese junior high schools were recruited in the present study. The study had a prospectivel ongitudinal design with three measurement waves to evaluate control-value appraisals, enjoyment, boredom, and motivational engagement. The first, second, and third measurements were conducted in October 2019 (T1), October 2020 (T2), and October 2021 (T3), respectively. Initially, 468 students volunteered to participate (with written parental consent) in this study. However, data from 18 participants were not included in the analyses because these participants were not present for all sessions. The final sample comprised 468 students (212 boys and 256 girls). Methodologically, three theoretical models were constructed: two mediation models and a conditional indirect effect model. These models were used to test the relationships between control-value appraisal, enjoyment/boredom, and motivational engagement. Collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test both the mediation effects and conditional indirect effects. Additionally, prior achievement, prior enjoyment/boredom, prior motivational engagement, and gender were treated as control variables. In research hypothesis 1, the observed data support two mediation models. These models suggest that control appraisal influences enjoyment/boredom, which in turn influences motivational engagement. Specifically, control appraisal positively predicts enjoyment (and negatively predicts boredom), leading to increased motivational engagement. In research hypothesis 2, value appraisal moderates the positive indirect effects of “control appraisal→ (+) enjoyment→ (+) motivational engagement” and “control appraisal→ (−) boredom→ (−) motivational engagement.” When the level of value appraisal increases, the effects of control appraisal on enjoyment/boredom and subsequently on motivational engagement increase. Two main conclusions can be drawn from the aforementioned results. First, our results support the hypothesis that academic emotions (i.e., enjoyment and boredom) play mediating roles between control appraisal and motivational engagement. Second, our finding suggests that value appraisal moderates the aforementioned mediations. When the level of value appraisal increases, the influence of control appraisal on enjoyment/boredom and subsequently on motivational engagement increases. This result supports the interaction effects of control-value appraisals.

本研究從動機觀點切入，採用個人成就目標與學業自我效能理論瞭解動機變項及兩種作弊接受度（學業作弊、被動作弊）之關係。據此，本研究目的為：一、瞭解國中生對兩種作弊行為的接受程度現況；二、探討個人成就目標與兩種作弊接受度之關係；三、考驗學業自我效能在上述關係中的調節效果。為達成上述目的，本研究抽取 938 位七至九年級國中生進行施測，並以數學科為領域，蒐集資料以結構方程模式進行分析。研究結果發現：一、男生對兩種作弊行為的接受度均略高於女生；八、九年級學生對兩種作弊行為的接受度略大於七 年級學生；二、個人成就目標能預測兩種作弊接受度，其中趨向精熟目標能降低學生對兩種作弊行為的接受度，逃避表現目標則與上述結果相反，而趨向表現目標僅能正向預測被動作弊接受度；三、學業自我效能會調節個人成就目標與作弊接受度之關係：當學習者知覺有高學業自我效能時，逃避表現目標無法預測兩種作弊接受度；當學習者知覺為低學業自我效能時，會提升逃避表現目標對兩種作弊接受度的正向預測力。本研究依據研究結果提出建議，以作為國中教學輔導與未來研究之參考。 This study was conducted on the basis of motivation theories and adopted theoretical concepts from achievement goal theory and self-efficacy to explore the motivational variables related to the acceptability of two types of cheating behaviors, namely academic cheating and passive cheating, among Taiwanese junior high school students in the subject of mathematics. The aims of the study were threefold: first, to understand the degree of acceptability of the two types of cheating behaviors among Taiwanese students; second, to investigate the relationships between personal achievement goals and the acceptability of the two types of cheating; and third, to test whether these relationships are moderated by academic self-efficacy. Nine hundred thirty-eight seventh-to-ninth-grade Taiwanese students (473 boys; 23 missing values) participated in the survey, and the researchers applied the technique of structural equation modeling for data analysis. The results indicated that boys were slightly more accepting of the two types of cheating behaviors than girls, and eighth- and ninth-grade students, regardless of gender, were more accepting of both cheating behaviors than seventh-grade students. Moreover, it was found that personal achievement goals can effectively predict the two types of cheating behaviors, which can be negatively predicted by mastery-approach goals and positively predicted by performance-avoidance goals. In particular, performance-approach goals only positively predicted individuals’ acceptance of passive cheating. Finally, it was revealed that academic self-efficacy moderates the relationship between personal achievement goals and individuals’ acceptance of cheating behaviors. Specifically, a high level of academic self-efficacy perceived by individuals was associated with a decrease in the negative predictive power of students’ adoption of performance-avoidance goals with respect to the acceptability of both cheating behaviors. A low level of academic self-efficacy perceived by individuals was associated with an increase in the negative predictive power of students’ adoption of performance-avoidance goals with respect to the acceptability of both cheating behaviors. Based on the findings, relevant recommendations are proposed as a reference for further research, teaching practices, and junior high school counseling.

Copy-move forgery was one of the most simple and common way of image manipulations.To improve the ro-bustness of most existing copy-move forgery detections,a new method based on local intensity order pattern was pro-posed.First,the LIOP feature descriptors were exacted from the inspected image.Then the angular cosine of feature de-scriptors were used to measure the similarity,and the stable matching points were found according to the distance ratio threshold of the nearest neighbor point to the second nearest neighbor.Finally,the space distance of the matching points were calculated to remove the false matching points.Extensive experimental results were presented to confirm that the proposed method is not only able to effectively identify and locate the altered area,but also have high accuracy and ro-bust to scaling,rotation,brightness change and some post-processing,such as Gaussian blur,additive white Gaussian noise and JPEG compression.

Combining the orthogonal low-frequency subcarrier processing, a network coding scheme based on orthogonal process (NCOP) was proposed for effective transmission in multi-user multi-relay networks. It makes the data orthogonal before transmission,and decodes the data utilizing the characteristics of orthogonality, so that further reduces the system outage probability and develops the diversity order. The system outage performance and average bit error rate was ana-lyzed by theoretical analysis. Analysis and simulation results show that the system performance of the proposed NCOP outperforms linear network coding while applying in multi-user cooperative networks.

The gastrointestinal dysfunction and nutrient malabsorption associated with gastrointestinal tumors and related treatments may result in malnutrition in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients. Malnutrition has been associated with decreased treatment tolerance, poor quality of life, and increased mortality in this patient population. In this article, the relevant literature is reviewed and the factors, assessment tools, and management strategies related to malnutrition are summarized. In clinical care, healthcare providers should conduct early assessments of nutritional status and provide individualization nutritional counselling to promote treatment that effectively prolongs patient survival. This article may be used by nurses as a reference in caring for GI cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote bilateral understanding of international education, this article examines international views of Taiwan's image, using "the other" theory as its critical foundation, to see if American textbooks reveal western-centered perspectives under the imperialist influence of master-slave relations and national rankings. This study is aimed at critiquing the position of Taiwan portrayed in international textbooks based on a selection of six primary and secondary school world history and geography textbooks. First, we analyzed Taiwan's image as represented in the textbooks and classified its image into the following categories: geographical, historical, political, cultural, and economic. This paper concludes several discourses on Taiwan's image in American textbooks: "attaching China" discourse represented in geography, "splitting China" discourse in historical aspects, "detaching from China" discourse in political and cultural aspects in terms of democratic freedom and multiculturalism, and "beyond China" discourse in the area of economic development. Othering discourses of colonization, periphery, slaves, and exclusion are also represented in the textbooks. Reflective thinking on "the other" helps to resist the collective identity of western hegemony and improve international bilateral understanding, so as to reconstruct new discourses on Taiwan's image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contraposed to the characteristic of location problem for the terror response facilities, we consider the responding time and the carrying time synthetically, taking full account of the loss caused by nuclear and biochemical terrorist attack and set up a noncooperate game model. One and fixed number of facilities are considered respectively, and the Nash equilibrium is given synchronously using genetic algorithms. A case study of Shanghai district shows that loss of the government could decrease efficiently by both establishing terror response facilities interactively and reducing the reaction time, and the more the facility quantity increases, the slower the slope becomes. This model reflects the strategy interaction between the government and the terrorists and is an effective method for facility location of terror response facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textbooks determine the thinking and direction of education in developing democratic countries. In Taiwan, especially, since the implementation of the grades 1-9 curriculum reforms, the textbook opening-up policy has become a key issue that must be squarely faced as curriculum reforms are carried out. Following implementation, however, the pragmatic advancement of textbook approval policies, including a parallel system which includes both textbooks compiled by government and private organizations, should be allowed to serve as a fine-tuning mechanism employed by the Ministry of Education(MOE) to mitigate the impact of the textbook opening-up policy. Building on earlier studies, this paper collected reports published between 2002 and 2008 reflecting opinions on this subject, including a number of articles with different slants taken from the China Times, the United Daily News, the Liberty Times, Legislative Yuan communiqués, and official MOE documents to understand trends in the development of textbooks for primary and secondary schools in order to evaluate and carefully consider these trends and further to propose suggestions regarding the role the government should play in the nation's textbook market to guarantee textbook quality, from curriculum planning, textbook editing, trial use, and selection to evaluation and feedback, to facilitate the establishment of a sound mechanism and an agency tasked with the study and development of curriculum to perform long-term, systematic research and development on teaching materials to serve as grounded research to lay a foundation for the successful reformation of curriculum and textbooks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processing technology of using electromagnetic wave equipment setting wool polyester blended yarn was discussed. Defects of traditional thermo-hydro setting were analyzed, the better setting processing was explored by the orthogonal test, and the blended yarn related property index before and after setting were tested. The result showed that the better setting processing was: fourth power, 4 min, controlling yarn regain about 9.1% . It was considered that after using the better electromagnetic wave setting processing, yarn breaking tenacity can increase about 15.1%, breaking elongation rate can increase about 1.9%, setting ratio can reach above 83%, the production demands can be reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the incidence of comorbid ED with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and its risk factors in BPH patients., Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected BPH patients visiting the outpatient department of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2020 to January 2023. We collected the general and clinical data from the patients, including age, height, body weight, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, blood routine, liver function, kidney function, blood lipids and fasting blood glucose, obtained their IPSS, quality of life (QOL) scores, and IIEF-5 scores by questionnaire investigation, and performed data processing and analysis with the SPSS 22.0 software., Results: The incidence rate of comorbid ED with LUTS in the BPH patients rose with the increase of age, 36.46% in the 45－49-year group, 43.72% in the 50－54-year group, 53.66% in the 55－59-year group, 69.23% in the 60－64-year group, and 78.74% in the 65－70-year group. The lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), triglycerides and glucose (TyG), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were correlated positively with IPSS scores and negatively with IIEF-5 scores, while LDL-C and total cholesterol (TC) negatively with IPSS scores and positively with IIEF-5 scores., Conclusion: The incidence of comorbid ED with LUTS in BPH patients increases with age. The risk factors for this comorbidity include hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, BMI, and lifestyle, and the risk of the condition can be effectively assessed by LAP, VAI, TYG, HSI, BMI, WHtR, WHR, TG and HDL-C.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of perioperative inflammatory indicators on the prognosis of the patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after hepatectomy., Methods: The clinical data of 231 ICC patients in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from December 2006 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) of patients during the perioperative period (pre-operation, postoperative day 3 and day 5) were analyzed. The X-tile software was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in pre-operation, postoperative day 3 and day 5. Based on the cut-off values, all patients were divided into high level group and low level group, and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to analyze the correlations of NLR, d-NLR and PLR with the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were applied to assess the prognostic values of NLR, d-NLR and PLR. Nomogram was established to predict the prognosis for ICC patients, and the predicting accuracy was evaluated by the Consistency index ( C -index)., Results: A total of 231 ICC patients including 115 males and 116 females were enrolled into this study, and the proportion of patients aged <60 years was 57.1%. Among the patients enrolled, 161 patients (69.7%) recurred and 156 patients (67.5%) died after hepatectomy. The median time of DFS and OS were 8.9 and 12.5 months respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that d-NLR and NLR levels in pre-operation, postoperative day 3 and day 5, together with the preoperative PLR level were correlated with the time of DFS ( P <0.05). Meanwhile, d-NLR and PLR levels in pre-operation, postoperative day 3 and day 5, together with the NLR level in pre-operation and postoperative day 3 were correlated with the time of OS ( P <0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression model analysis suggested that high level of the preoperative NLR and d-NLR, together with the high level of NLR on postoperative day 3 were the independent influencing factors of poor DFS. High level of the preoperative NLR and d-NLR, together with the high level of NLR on postoperative day 3 were the independent influencing factors of OS. The level of PLR level was not correlated with DFS and OS. The C -index values of nomogram for predicting DFS and OS were 0.738 (95% confidence interval: 0.699-0.777) and 0.778 (95% confidence interval: 0.758-0.818), respectively., Conclusion: High level of the preoperative NLR, preoperative d-NLR and NLR on postoperative day 3 in ICC patients indicate poor prognosis, and PLR has no prognostic value for ICC patients after hepatectomy., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of Aralia echinocaulis containing serum on expression of β-catenin, Wnt-1, Frizzed-2, TCF and Axin in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway of primary osteoblasts. SD healthy female rats (n=80) were used to make A. echinocaulis containing serum by gastric perfusion for seven days with distilled water, A. echinocaulis decoction high dosage, middle dosage, and low dosage. In vitro, primary osteoblasts were cultured and identified. The third generation primary osteoblasts were taken and cultured for 48 h, then cells were treated with the different drug serums for 10 days and calcified nodules were counted by alizarin red staining. The cells were collected after treatment for 48 h and the expression levels of β-catenin, Wnt-1, Frizzled-2, TCF and Axin were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. The results suggested that the in vitro cells were primary osteoblasts; and after treatment, various doses groups could promote the mineralization ability of primary osteoblasts, up-regulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of β-catenin, Wnt-1, Frizzled-2, and TCF, and down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of Axin. These findings indicated that A. echinocaulis containing serum can enhance the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts by regulating the expression levels of β-catenin, Wnt-1, Frizzled-2, TCF and Axin in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway of primary osteoblasts., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Purpose: To investigate the possible contribution of GDNF in matrix-degrading, cell-adhesion during perineural invasion (PNI) of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC)., Methods: Totally 42 ACCs and 5 normal salivary tissues were included in the present study．Immunohistochemical staining SP method was used to detect the expression of GDNF,MMP-9,NF-κB,integrin β1 in ACC specimens and normal salivary tissues. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS16.0 software package. RESULTS：GDNF was strongly expressed in ACC tumor cells and nerve fibers adjacent to ACC tumor cells. NF-κB, MMP-9, integrin β1 were positively expressed in ACC cell cytoplasm, integrin β1 was also found in ACC cell membrane, and NF-κB in nuclei occasionally. The positive expression rate was 69.05%（29/42）,66.67%（28/42）,61.90%（26/42）, respectively. The differences between the expression of NF-κB, MMP-9, integrinβ1 in PNI group and non-PNI group were significant (P=0.005,P=0.011,P=0.001, respectively). Expression of NF-κB, MMP-9, integrin β1 was correlated to that of GDNF(r=0.443, P=0.003; r=0.401, P=0.009; r=0.535, P=0.000, respectively). Expression of MMP-9 and integrin β1 was positively correlated to that of NF-κB(r=0.501, P=0.001; r=0.429, P=0.005). Expression of MMP-9 was correlated positively to that of integrin β1 (r=0.381, P=0.013). CONCLUSIONS：GDNF may increase the matrix-degrading and cell-adhesion of ACC in the process of PNI. NF-κB, MMP-9 and integrin β1 involve in ACC cells invading nerves.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of mandibular advancement device (MAD) treatment on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients., Methods: Eighty OSAS patients treated with a mandibular protraction appliance were included in the study. Three-dimensional reconstruction technique was used as to measure the changes of upper airway structure and volume before and after MAD treatment. The data was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software package., Results: The anatomic structure and the reinforcement of soft tissue's collapse in the upper airway changed after application of MAD in OSAS patients; velopharyngeal and laryngopharynx configuration was significantly increased (P<0.01), while oropharyngeal configuration was significantly decreased (P<0.05)., Conclusions: This study demonstrated that pathogeny of OSAS based on morphological characteristics may be removed by mandibular advancement device, the mechanism of efficacy of MAD treatment can be the reduction of airway internal fluctuation and vortex of air.

Eight physical and chemical indicators related to water quality were monitored from nineteen sampling sites along the Kunes River at the end of snowmelt season in spring. To investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of water physical and chemical properties, cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA) and principal component analysis (PCA) are employed. The result of cluster analysis showed that the Kunes River could be divided into three reaches according to the similarities of water physical and chemical properties among sampling sites, representing the upstream, midstream and downstream of the river, respectively; The result of discriminant analysis demonstrated that the reliability of such a classification was high, and DO, Cl- and BOD5 were the significant indexes leading to this classification; Three principal components were extracted on the basis of the principal component analysis, in which accumulative variance contribution could reach 86.90%. The result of principal component analysis also indicated that water physical and chemical properties were mostly affected by EC, ORP, NO3(-) -N, NH4(+) -N, Cl- and BOD5. The sorted results of principal component scores in each sampling sites showed that the water quality was mainly influenced by DO in upstream, by pH in midstream, and by the rest of indicators in downstream. The order of comprehensive scores for principal components revealed that the water quality degraded from the upstream to downstream, i.e., the upstream had the best water quality, followed by the midstream, while the water quality at downstream was the worst. This result corresponded exactly to the three reaches classified using cluster analysis. Anthropogenic activity and the accumulation of pollutants along the river were probably the main reasons leading to this spatial difference.

In this article, the authors firstly summarized the number of applications submitted to and projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in the field of traditional Chinese medicine research in 2010. Then they described the district distribution, research direction layout and allotment of the approved projects in the three primary disciplines (traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese materia medica and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine) and their 43 subdisciplines. The targeting suggestions for improvement were given respectively by concluding the reason of disapproved projects from the point of view of applicants and supporting institution, and by stating the common problems existing in the review process from the perspectives of fund managers and evaluation experts. Lastly, the major funding fields in the near future were predicted in the hope of providing guidance for applicants.

Objective: To investigate the influence of aqueous extract of Aralia echinocaulis Hand.-Mazz on the expression of fracture healing-ralated factor receptors., Methods: Single factor model was set up in SD rat. Selecting 14 and 28 days in the experiment. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expression of Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), Fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt-1) and Fetal licer kinase (Flk-1) at 14 and 28 days after model establishing., Results: The expression of Flt-1 and Flk-1 at 14 days (the latter was more remarkable) were obviously promoted in High dose group of aqueous extract of Aralia echinocaulis Hand.-Mazz, and higher than that in normal group and model group. The expression of FGFR2 in the high dose group of Aralia echinocaulis Hand -Mazz was also promoted visibility, close to that in the compare group (traditional Chinese medicine), but higher than than in the model group. There was no significant difference among them. At 28 days, the expression of FGFR2, Flt-1 and Flk-1 in all groups decreased except normal group, and got higher expression in model groups than each control groups., Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Aralia echinocaulis Hand.-Mazz can promote angiogenesis in fracture healing, improve the activity and aggregation of fibroblasts, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. It also helps to quicken ossification in the cartilage and promote fracture healing.

The Cichorium glandulosum Boiss et Huet is a traditional Uighur natural herbal medicine, but has not been analyzed and studied in terms of its metal elements. In the experiment, the Cichorium glandulosum Boiss et Huet powder was digested with HNO3 by microwave digestion before determination. The eight metal elements, potassium, nickel, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc, in Cichorium glandulosum Boiss et Huet were determined by FAAS. The working conditions, accuracy and precision of the method were studied. The linear correlations of standard curves are good (r = 0.999 1-0.999 9). The recovery (n = 6) is 92.25%-110.5%, and the RSD (n = 6) is 0.7%-3.88%. The results showed that there were comparatively rich metal elements, among which are comparatively high calcium (65.84 mg x g(-1)), iron (24.38 mg x g(-1)), magnesium (278.17 mg x g(-1)) and potassium (18.50 mg x g(-1)), in Cichorium glandulosum Boiss et Huet, and the contents of other elements are nickel of 0.004 38 mg x g(-1), manganese of 0.52 mg x g(-1), copper of 0.016 5 mg x g(-1) and zinc of 0.18 mg x g(-1). This provided useful data for discussing the relationship between the content of the metal elements in Cichorium glandulosum Boiss et Huet and its clinical application in cardiovascular and osteoporosis disease.

Objective: To study the influence of canthaxanthin on D-galactose induced osseous changes of rat., Methods: Forty-five six-week-old Wistar male rats were randomly divided into model group, canthaxanthin group and young control group. In addition, 15 sixteen-month-old Wistar male rats were used as old control group. Model group and canthaxanthin group were given injections of D-galactose for 5 months (20 mg/kg/once per-day) to cause aging of rat. Then routine osseous parameters were tested and compared among the 4 groups., Results: Compared with young control group, the BMD, parameters of structural mechanics and biomechanics, bone calcium, manganese, magnesium and the content of hydroxyproline in the model group decreased significantly (P < 0.01), however, the content of bone phosphorus, the activity of bone and serum ALP increased significantly (P < 0.01). Those changes of the model group were the same as the old control group,but the changes in the canthaxanthin group significantly differed with the model group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The high does of D-galactose intake can cause aging and osteoporosis at the same time in rat, but canthaxanthin can prevent and inhibit D-galactose induced osseous changes.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Astaxanthin on enhancing the function of anti-oxidative damage in osteoblast., Methods: MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were randomly divided into five groups, including control group, model group, Astaxanthin group [low-dose (1 x 10(-7) mol/L), middle-dose (1 x 10(-6) mol/L), high-dose (1 x 10(-5) mol/L)], in which the activity of cells, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid oxygen (LPO) and membrane fluidity were tested and compared., Results: Compared with Astaxanthin groups, the activity of cells, SOD activity and membrane fluidity in the model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). However, the contents of ROS and LPO were significantly raised (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: H2O2 can cause oxidative damage of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, but Astaxanthin can prevent or decrease its influence.

Objective: To analyze retrospectively the roles of different factors, especially the factors in the anastomotic cicatricial, stenosis after esophagectomy., Methods: The clinical data of 1111 patients, undergone esophagectomy with immediate reconstruction for cancer in the Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center from December 1997 to December 2003, were analyzed retrospectively. Up to 19 factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis with SPSS 11.5 for windows. Spearman rank correlation was used to evaluate the factors that were statistically significant in Logistic regression analysis., Results: The overall incidence of anastomotic cicatricial stenosis was 6.84%. By using univariate Logistic regression, sustained-hypoxemia (P=0.003), chest complications (P=0.000), anastomotic leakage (P=0.000), a history of diabetes (P=0.019), a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P=0.046) and cardiovascular complications (P=0.015) came out to be significantly related to anastomotic stenosis. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that sustained-hypoxemia (P=0.044), chest complications (P=0.009), anastomotic leakage (P=0.001) and a history of diabetes (P=0.036) were statistically significant. Spearman rank correlation estimation revealed that sustained-hypoxemia was positively correlated with chest complications (r=0.105) and anastomotic leakage,(r=0.106), and chest complications were positively correlated with anastomotic leakage (r=0.228)., Conclusion: Sustained-hypoxemia is one of the significant factors for anastomotic cicatricial stenosis after esophagectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficiency of circumferential ablation around orifice of pulmonary vein by radiofrequency (RF) energy in the cure of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with rheumatic valvular disease., Methods: Radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed in 20 patients with rheumatic valvular disease and chronic AF who underwent heart valve surgery. The ablation temperature was 50 - 60 degrees C and the linear RF ablations were performed encircling the four openings of pulmonary veins and connecting the posterior mitral annulus with the probe made by ourselves especially for this ablative procedure. And amiodarone was given from the third day before the surgery and lasted for 3 months thereafter. Twenty patients with chronic AF who underwent valvular surgery but refused RF ablation were considered as the control group., Results: Sinus rhythm (SR) restored in 19 patients either spontaneously or after intraoperative direct current cardioversion, immediately after the operation, as compared with 16 patients in the control group. During the follow-up (24 +/- 3) months, 16 of 20 patients (80%) remained in sinus rhythm in patients received ablation, but in control group, SR was presented in only 7 of 20 patients (35%)., Conclusions: Circumferential ablation around orifice of pulmonary vein by RF energy is safe and effective in restoration and maintenance of SR in patients with rheumatic valvular disease and chronic AF.

Background & Objective: Some researches have showed that STI-571 could inhibit tyrosine kinase of Bcr-Abl, C-kit, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRbeta), therefore, inhibit cell differentiation and proliferation and accelerate cell apoptosis. This study was to examine the expression of tyrosine kinase receptor C-kit and PDGFRbeta, which is correlated to STI-571, in esophageal carcinoma., Methods: The expression of C-kit and PDGFRbeta in tumor tissue, para-tumor tissue, and normal tissue of 50 specimens of esophageal carcinoma was examined by immunohistochemistry., Results: The strong expression rate of C-kit was low in tumor, para-tumor, and normal tissues (4%, 4%, and 12%, respectively), with no significant difference (P=0.220). The strong expression rate of PDGFRbeta was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in para-tumor and normal tissues (68% vs. 28% and 28%, P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the strong expression rate of C-kit and PDGFRbeta had no correlation to sex, age, differentiation degree, infiltrative depth, position, lymph node metastasis, and stage of esophageal carcinoma., Conclusions: The strong expression rate of PDGFRbeta is significantly higher in tumor tissues than in para-tumor and normal tissues. The strong expression rate of C-kit in normal esophageal tissues is low, and it is lower in para-tumor and tumor tissues.