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ObjectiveTo present the exploration and application of a prospective follow-up research method for acute infectious disease surveillance based on natural community populations， using COVID-19 infection as an example， and to provide a reference for improving the infectious disease surveillance and early warning system.MethodsA multi-stage probability proportional sampling method was employed to sample residents from all communities of 16 administrative districts in Shanghai， with households as the units. A cohort for acute infectious diseases based on natural community populations was established. The baseline survey was conducted for all cohort subjects， and COVID-19 antigen test kits were distributed. From December 21， 2022 to September 30， 2023， prospective follow-up monitoring of COVID-19 antigen and nucleic acid was carried out on the study subjects on a weekly basis. The baseline characteristics and follow-up information of the cohort subjects were described.ResultsThe cohort for acute infectious diseases included a total of 12 881 subjects， comprising 6 098 males （47.3%） and 6 783 females （52.7%）. The baseline survey revealed that 35.2% （4 540/12 881） of the subjects had a history of COVID-19 infection. During the follow-up period from December 21， 2022 to September 30， 2023， the average incidence density in the cohort was 0.61/person-year， with a higher incidence density in females （0.63/person-year） compared to males （0.59/person-year）. Individuals aged 60 and above （0.64/person-year） and those with underlying health conditions （0.67/person-year） had a higher incidence density. Healthcare workers showed a notably higher incidence density （0.84/person-year） than that in other occupational groups. As of September 30， 2023， a total of 340 subjects in the cohort experienced secondary infections， with a median interval of 170 days between the first and second infections.ConclusionThis study applies cohort study method to acute infectious disease surveillance， providing crucial data support for estimating infection rates and forecasting alerts for acute infectious diseases in the community. This method can be promoted and applied as a new approach for acute infectious disease surveillance.

ObjectiveTo investigate an outbreak of norovirus diarrhea in a welfare home for the elderly in Shanghai， and to analyze the epidemiology and virus genotype characteristics of the epidemic， thus providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of norovirus epidemic.MethodsCase definition was clarified. After case definition， a standardized questionnaire was used to carry out case investigation to make comprehensive analysis in combination with field epidemiological investigation and laboratory tests results.ResultsThe epidemic lasted for 14 days， and 23 cases were reported with an incidence rate of 12.37% （23/186）， including 3 males and 20 females. There were more cases on the 1st， 4th and 6th floor of the main building in the welfare home， accounting for 52.17% （12/23） of total cases. 19 cases were reported in the main building， with an incidence rate of 11.59% （19/164）； 4 cases were reported in the auxiliary building， with an incidence rate of 18.18% （4/22）. There was no significant difference in the morbidity between the main building and the auxiliary building （χ2=0.779，P>0.05）. The main clinical manifestations were vomiting and diarrhea. There was a significant difference in the incidence of vomiting symptoms among the elderly， nursing staff and other staff in the welfare home （χ2=10.216， P0.05）. Fecal samples were collected from 23 cases， 1 case family member， 68 risk personnel and 14 environmental surface swab samples. Norovirus GⅡ was detected in stool samples of 19 cases， 1 family member and 36 risk personnel.ConclusionOutbreak of norovirus infection is reported in a welfare home in Shanghai. The close contact between the elderly and health workers might lead to the outbreak.

Based on the development status of thermal barrier coatings, SPS (suspension plasma spraying), SPPS (solution precursor plasma spraying) and PS-PVD (plasma spraying-physical vapor deposition) technologies and the structural performance characteristics of the thermal coatings prepared by the above methods were summarized. Meanwhile, the development of single-layer, multi-layer and gradient coatings of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings was reviewed, and the effects of structural changes of ceramic materials system of La2Zr2O7, Gd2Zr2O7 and La2Ce2O7 on the properties of coating were emphatically summarized. Furthermore, the development prospects of multilayer structure of thermal barrier coatings were prospected.

The Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) used in mobile fronthaul has low spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we propose to use Delta-Sigma Modulation (DSM) technology as a new fronthaul interface. In addition, to solve the problem of high computational complexity in the parameter searching of high-order stable Delta-Sigma modulator, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to search and optimize the structural parameters of the fourth-order Delta-Sigma modulator. The simulation results under the optimized structural parameters are compared with those under the original structural parameters. Under the condition of 1 bit quantization, the Delta-Sigma modulator with optimized parameters increases the transmission capacity of the system while the average Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) decreases from 0.031 to 0.028. In the case of 2 bit quantization, the average EVM decreases from 0.013 to 0.011.

The Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) used in mobile fronthaul has low spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we propose to use Delta-Sigma Modulation (DSM) technology as a new fronthaul interface. In addition, to solve the problem of high computational complexity in the parameter searching of high-order stable Delta-Sigma modulator, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to search and optimize the structural parameters of the fourth-order Delta-Sigma modulator. The simulation results under the optimized structural parameters are compared with those under the original structural parameters. Under the condition of 1 bit quantization, the Delta-Sigma modulator with optimized parameters increases the transmission capacity of the system while the average Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) decreases from 0.031 to 0.028. In the case of 2 bit quantization, the average EVM decreases from 0.013 to 0.011.

In order to meet the needs of prevention and control of intestinal infectious diseases， a comprehensive surveillance for diarrheal diseases has been innovated and explored in Shanghai since 2012. The surveillance has extensive distribution of sentinel hospitals， systematic sampling， multi-pathogen collection， and hospital information system （HIS） as the basis， which has achieved “One system for surveillance of multiple diseases and one sample for detection of multiple pathogens". Continual active surveillance for the whole population has been conducted， covering demography， clinical information， epidemiology， pathogen detection， and drug sensitivity test for diarrhea cases. The surveillance has obtained preliminary achievements as follows. First， diarrheal diseases and their periodic changes have been characterized， in which the most prevalent pathogen of diarrhea is determined to be norovirus in Shanghai. Second， some rare pathogens and serotypes have been identified that may provide clues to the sources of outbreaks. Third， it facilitates the information sharing between public health institutions and clinical institutions， and provides scientific evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the future， Shanghai diarrhea comprehensive surveillance will be improved for expanding range and depth of surveillance， artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis and treatment， early warning of outbreaks， prediction of epidemic trends， and application of new detection technologies.

Through literature research, the unplugging mechanism of various wellbore unplugging fluids was analyzed, and the application progress, advantages and disadvantages of various types of commonly used wellbore deplugging fluids were summarized. The research progress of new deplugging working fluids such as organic deplugging working fluid, organic slow-release microlactic acid deplugging working solution and composite deplugging working fluid was introduced. The problems existing in the preparation and practical application of plugging fluids were analyzed, and the development trend of unplugging liquids in the future was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated Chinese and western medicine is a unique medical system in China, which has a strategic position in our country's medical and health care system and is a driving force in the future development of medical science. After nearly 70 years of development, the discipline of integrated Chinese and western medicine has formed a clinical system, a scientific research system, and a talent training system, but there are also shortcomings. In terms of scientific research and disciplinary development, there are relatively few funding projects and corresponding research result in this discipline, and a complete disciplinary system has not been formed. In terms of clinical service, the service scopes urgently need to be expanded, diagnosis and treatment protocols in this discipline need to be increased, and service models need to be improved. In terms of talent cultivation, there is still a serious shortage. One method to solve these problems is crossing innovation between traditional Chinese and western medicine. Clinical evidence is essential for the development of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and for improving the accessibility of medical services. Interdisciplinary talent is the foundation for future development. We should strengthen the top-level design of interdisciplinary research between Chinese and western medicine to promote theoretical innovation, obtain high-level clinical evidence to improve the efficacy and expand the scope of clinical services in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, and cultivate talent in various subdisciplines of integrated Chinese and western medicine through system and mechanism reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the difficulty of the combination optimization of modal from transmission system and vibration from structure system,taking the vertical mill reducer gearbox structural system geometrical parameter and transmission system parameter as design variables,to avoid the nature frequency and specific frequency overlapped and minimum the vibration of the reducer gearbox as the objective function,the volume,Von Mises stress and comprehensive displacement of the reducer gearbox as constraint condition,based on the multi- objective optimization theory,the weigh- adding of modal and vibration optimization is carried out. The modal- vibration combined optimization finite element model is built,the model is solved by using zero- order and first- order optimization methods. The optimization results indicate that the gap of nature frequency and specific frequency is reached at 20. 7%,and the vibration is attenuated by 28. 4%,the effective results is found for the combined optimization,which can provide method for multi- objective optimization and significant reference for practical issues of vibration and noise reduction.

By the common method of profiling mould the design curve mode contour mapping method and calculation method. Calculation process is cumbersome,require computer-aided programming is complete,and the traditional mapping method also has the error,the accuracy is not high. In this paper,some production parts,for example,the use of Pro / E software will get into them by copying mode theory contour curve mapping coordinates,and generates high precision contoured cam profile curve theory and its entities to improve the profiling by mold design accuracy and efficiency. Practice has proved that this is an effective method.

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The experiment was to study the slaughter performance, meat eating quality, conventional nutrients, amino acids, fatty acids and vitamins contents of Qinghai tibetan sheep with different slaughter weight. 60 healthy Qinghai tibetan sheep with body weights of 34, 37, 40, 44 and 48 kg were randomly selected and divided into five groups (group I, group II, group III, group IV and group V), with three replicates in group and four sheep in each replicate. The results showed that the tenderness and water retention of group II were better than those of other recombinant, the slaughter rate was higher (P<0.05). The protein content and 25-hydroxy VD3 content of group II were significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.05), and the cooking loss rate and fat content of meat were lower (P<0.05). The total amino acid content in group V was higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). Slaughter weight had no significant effect on fatty acid content and composition (P<0.05). The content of VB6 in group II and group III tibetan sheep was high. Principal component analysis extracted pH value and slaughter rate, the cumulative contribution rate reached 91.105%. Cluster analysis showed that group II and group III were different from other groups, and group II was more prominent. The experiment indicates that the slaughter performance, meat quality and nutritional value of tibetan sheep slaughtered at 37 kg are better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment studied the effect of different concentrate to forage ratio diets on lung antioxidant function and morphological development of Tibetan female lamb during growing period. Ninety 3-month-old Tibetan female lambs with body weight (22.00±0.38) kg were randomly divided into three groups with five replicates in each group and six lambs in each replicate. The female lambs were fed 70% concentrate + 30% roughage (group C70), 60% concentrate + 40% roughage (group C60) and 50% concentrate + 50% roughage (group C50), respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 10 d, and the trial period lasted for 90 d. The results showed that the alveolar septum thickness in C60 group was significantly higher than that in C70 group (P<0.05). The single alveolar area in C50 and C60 groups was significantly lower than that in C70 group (P<0.05). Alveolar number per unit area in C60 group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The number of vessels in group C60 was higher than that of group C70 (P<0.05). The vessel diameter and media thickness in group C60 and group C50 were significantly lower than those of group C70 (P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) in lung tissue of C60 group and group C50 were significantly higher than those of group C70 (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that the suitable ration of concentrate to roughage can enhance gas exchange rate, enhance hypoxic adaptability and effectively improve antioxidant capacity of Tibetan female lamb, among which the ration of concentrate to roughage 60:40 has the best effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the method of space-flight breeding, a new strain of Spirulina Platensis mutant H11 was cultivated. Active ingredients polyphenols were extracted from Spirulina Platensis with ethanol. The DPPH and ABTS assays were used to detect the antioxidative and free radical-scavenging capacity of polyphenols. The results showed that the total polyphenol contents of wild type and mutant Spirulina Platensis were 59.774 µg/g (dry weight) and 87.881 µg/g (dry weight), respectively. The DPPH scavenging rates (IC50) of wild type and mutant Spirulina Platensis were 8.931 and 2.076 µg/mL, and the ABTS scavenging rates (IC50) of wild type and mutant Spirulina Platensis were 1.292 and 0.355 µg/mL, respectively; the DPPH scavenging rates (IC50) of ascorbic acid, D-α-tocopherol and Trolox were 4.084, 10.309 and 6.452 µg/mL, respectively, and the ABTS scavenging rates (IC50) were correspondingly 0.204, 4.44 and 1.089 µg/mL. The mutant strain showed stronger DPPH and ABTS scavenging capacity than wild type Spirulina Platensis, and the antioxidant effect of mutant Spirulina Platensis was stronger than or close to that of ascorbic acid, D-α-tocopherol and Trolox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological security early warning, as an important content of ecological security research, is of indicating significance in maintaining regional ecological security. Based on driving force, pressure, state, impact and response (D-P-S-I-R) framework model, this paper took Zhou-shan Islands in Zhejiang Province as an example to construct the ecological security early warning index system, test degrees of ecological security early warning of Zhoushan Islands from 2000 to 2012 by using the method of variable weight model, and forecast ecological security state of 2013-2018 by Markov prediction method. The results showed that the variable weight model could meet the study needs of ecological security early warning of Zhoushan Islands. There was a fluctuant rising ecological security early warning index from 0.286 to 0.484 in Zhoushan Islands between year 2000 and 2012, in which the security grade turned from "serious alert" into "medium alert" and the indicator light turned from "orange" to "yellow". The degree of ecological security warning was "medium alert" with the light of "yellow" for Zhoushan Islands from 2013 to 2018. These findings could provide a reference for ecological security maintenance of Zhoushan Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a four-node network in the presence of a malicious jammer, the correlated jamming from the malicious jammer disrupted the legitimate communication. To cope with this security problem, this paper proposed a secure transmission method of transmitting the source signals and the structural noise synchronously. The structural noise is a kind of structural word known to the legitimate node, thus only jamming the non-cooperative nodes and enhancing the security. The detail steps are the following. First, the transmitter and the malicious jammer were modeled as a continuous zero-sum game with the utility function of secrecy rate. Then, their strategies were determined according to the channel state, and the corresponding Nash equilibrium was analyzed. Finally, the equilibrium was used to guide the power allocation for source signals and structural noise to enhance the system performance. Numerical simulation results show that the average secrecy rate of the proposed method is higher than the original scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prove the mine gas geological law to well guide prevention and control of mine gas disaster, taking Panyi Mine of Huainan Coalfield as a study object, the mine gas geological unit of Pnayi Mine was divided. The study results showed that the coal measure strata of Panyi Mine in Huainan Coalfield were reconstructed mainly by the tectonic movements during the Late Triassic and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous and tectonic features of different period occurred in the internal of the strata. Based on major fault F4 and fault F5 in the mine as a boundary, three gas geological units were divided. A study was conducted on the gas geological law of the three gas geological units. The structure coal distribution law, gas content and gas pressure, gas weathering zone depth and gas dynamics phenomenon in each gas geological unit were revealed and could provide guidance to the prevention and control of the mine gas disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective ]The present study was conducted to verify immunogenicity of Cryptosporidium andersoni oocyst wall protein (COWP) in order to lay the foundation for immunodiagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. [ Method ] According to the COWP sequence (DQ060431) was published in GenBank, a pair of primers was designed to amplify the COWP sequence by PCR method. The cloned COWP sequence was connected to pET-32a, and to construct pET-32a-COWP expression vector. Then recombinant strain was induced with IPTG, and its immunogenicity was determined by Western blotting. [Result]The cloned COWP sequence was 549 bp in length and had genomic homology of 99.9% with reference sequence (DQ060431). The recombinant strain was induced with 0.5 mmol/L IPTG for 5 h at 30 Ĕ, and expressed in the form of soluble protein mostly. The recombinant protein was purified by NTA-Ni affinity chromatog-raphy with 200 mmol/L imidazole eluent, and its molecular weight was 40 kDa. Anti-His rat monoclonal antibody or rat anti - Cryptosporidium andersoni serum treated as the first antibody detected by Western blotting could be found a clear target band respectively. [Conclusion]The recombinant protein COWP has high immunogenicity and can be used as a potential candidate antigen for immunodiagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the Sogdian origin of stone funerary couches from the late Northern Dynasties period. This paper looks instead at the elements these couches share with their Northern Wei predecessors. I begin with the reconstruction of a Northern Wei stone funerary couch, which then serves as a basis for comparison with later examples of funerary couches from the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou dynasties. I argue that the shape and structure of couches from the two periods, as well as shared Buddhist decoration motifs serve to closely connect the different couch groups. Furthermore, during the Northern Wei period, a unique composition was developed to accommodate décor on stone plaques surrounding funerary couches, namely the division of each plaque into three columns (or panels) displaying scenes that may or may not form a coherent sequence. This compositional structure was later employed in Northern Qi and Northern Zhou tombs, but was re-nterpreted as a surface containing three consecutive scenes forming narrative depictions. In the paper, I continue on to examine the style of carvings found on stone funerary couches in Anyang, Henan. Evidence shows that these carvings are likely the product of collaboration between Sogdian and Chinese artisans--that is, while Sogdian craftsmen produced relief carving on panels surrounding the couches, the Chinese were responsible for carving the lower portions of couches. Finally, in the conclusion of the article, I propose that the Sogdians’ adoption of Northern Wei funerary practices during the late Northern Dynasties period was an attempt to build a collective memory in which Sogdians strove to reconnect with their foreign roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the statistical data of natural ecology and social economy in Jinyintan Grassland Scenic Area in Qinghai Province in 2008, an evaluation index system for the ecological sensitivity of this area was established from the aspects of protected area rank, vegetation type, slope, and land use type. The ecological sensitivity of the sub-areas with higher tourism value and ecological function in the area was evaluated, and the tourism function zoning of these sub-areas was made by the technology of GIS and according to the analysis of eco-environmental characteristics and ecological sensitivity of each sensitive sub-area. It was suggested that the Jinyintan Grassland Scenic Area could be divided into three ecological sensitivity sub-areas (high, moderate, and low), three tourism functional sub-areas (restricted development ecotourism, moderate development ecotourism, and mass tourism), and six tourism functional sub-areas (wetland protection, primitive ecological sightseeing, agriculture and pasture tourism, grassland tourism, town tourism, and rural tourism). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the difficult problem of measuring the six-axis heavy force, a method of parallel connection is presented, and the concrete implementing scheme is also established. Firstly, the Stewart structure is connected to the arm of heavy equipment in parallel, as a result, partial load of six-axis heavy force is shared on the Stewart structure. Secondly, mechanics decoupling method is used to get the six-axis force. Finally, simulation analysis of the six-axis heavy force sensor is conducted, and the effect of the important parameters on the ability of load sharing is analyzed. Results show that the ability of load sharing is improved with the increment of the radius of load sharing beam and the reduction of the thickness of the upper platform, which presents theoretical basis for the design of this kind of sensor. Furthermore, the rationality and validity of this method are verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]