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In order to solve the problems of high pollutant concentration and low treatment efficiency of sewage in expressway service area, an integrated A2O-MBR reactor was used to treat the target sewage. On the basis of successful start-up of the reactor, the pollutant removal performances of A2O-MBR process under the influence of different DO, nitrification reflux ratio and C/N were studied. The results showed that A2O-MBR could obtain the best pollutant removal effect under the condition of DO mass concentration of 4 mg/L, nitrification reflux ratio of 300% and C/N of 6. The removal rates of COD, BOD5 and TP were about 90.57%, 93.75% and 93.00%. When the reactor was stable,the effluent mass concentrations of NH4+-N and SS were about 4.2 mg/L and 4.5 mg/L, respectively. The effluent indicators all met the requirements of flushing and vehicle flushing in the Reuse of Urban Recycling Water-Water Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Use(GB/T 18920-2020). The integrated A2O-MBR could reduce the pollution degree of membrane components, thus reducing the maintenance and operation cost of the system, and could provide a reference for the actual engineering transformation of sewage treatment in the service area of highways.

[ Objective ] Chlorophyllide a oxygenase ( CAO ) is a key enzyme in the formation of chlorophyll b. Cloning and expression analysis of CAO genes may be helpful in exploring their function in regulating leaf color variation of Cymbidium hybrid. [ Methods ] ChCAO gene was cloned from leaves of Cymbidium hybrid by RACE and RT-PCR. ChCAO was analyzed for structure characteristics , physicochemical prop- erties , sequence alignment , and phylogenetic relationship. The expression of ChCAO in different tissues and leaves of K21-3 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Meanwhile , ChCAO expression was silenced by VIGS technology. [ Results ] The results showed that ChCAO coding region was 1 608 bp , encoding 535 amino acids. ChCAO was closely related to Cymbidium sinense , which belonged to genus Cymbidium . qRT-PCR assay showed that the expression of ChCAO was the highest in leaves and the lowest in roots. The expres- sion of ChCAO in K21 leaves was significantly higher than that of K21-3. The VIGS silencing vector of ChCAO gene was constructed and transferred to tobacco. The viral vector was successfully invaded the to- bacco , and the old leaves of tobacco were turned yellow , while chlorophyll content and expression of ChCA O gene were reduced. [ Conclusion ] The ChCAO gene was obtained and its function was preliminarily characterized , which are helpful for the understanding of the formation of leaf art in Cymbidium hybrid.

In view of the working environment of the L80-3Cr tubing in an offshore oilfield in China，the weight loss method was employed to study the effects of carbon dioxide partial pressure，corrosive medium flow rate and corrosive medium gas-liquid ratio on the corrosion rate of tubing materials.Results showed that as the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increased，the corrosion rate of L80-3Cr increased firstly and then decreased，which reached the maximum when the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 3.0 MPa.The results of SEM observation and XRD analysis on the surface of the sample possessing the highest corrosion rate showed that the corrosion product film formed on the surface of the sample was mainly composed of ferrous carbonate，and the poor film compactness and loose porosity were the main reasons for high corrosion rate.In corrosive medium with low flow rate，the corrosion rate of L80-3Cr was relatively small.However，the corrosion rate of L80-3Cr increased rapidly in high-velocity corrosion medium.Furthermore，gas-liquid two-phase flow passing through the surface of the sample could increase the corrosion rate of the material.With the increase of the gas content in the corrosive medium，the corrosion rate of the sample increased firstly，and then decreased slightly after the gas-liquid ratio increased to 0.227.Besides，the performances of hybrid corrosion inhibitors commonly used in oilfields were evaluated by electrochemical tests.The inhibition efficiency increased slightly with the increase of the concentration of corrosion inhibitor.The corrosion inhibitor mainly inhibited the occurrence of corrosion by adsorbing the film at the interface of the metal solution to enhance the polarization resistance of the corrosion reaction.

In traditional service-oriented architecture(SOA),web service providers register their service descriptions in the registry for service consumers to discover and invoke services.Traditional SOA lacks dispute resolution mechanism,so that the trusted service invocation between service consumers and providers can not be guaranteed.Blockchain can be reasonably introduced into the dispute resolution mechanism due to its significant advantages in decentralization and tamper resistance.Therefore,this paper proposes a trusted SOA architecture based on blockchain,in which blockchain acts as evidence recorder and service registry agent. During a service trusted invocation,the service consumer first encrypts the parameters and sends them to the target service provider.Secondly,the service provider receives the encryption parameters and decrypts them.Then,the service provider completes the service execution and encrypts the output result.Finally,when the service provider sends the encryption result to the service consumer,it completes the trusted credential construction and uplink.Based on the above,when a service dispute occurs,it will trigger the adjudication of the smart contract.The execution of the contract relies on trusted vouchers to correctly handle service disputes.Experimental results show that,compared with the traditional invocation,the proposed method can correctly handle the service disputes between service providers and requesters on the premise of ensuring that the growth rate of trusted invocation time of most services is no more than 30%.

In order to provide the basis of the selection of service casing material in a representative oil field in the middle east. The effects of different CO2 partial pressure, H2S partial pressure, water content, immersion time and other factors on the corrosion behavior of L80 - 1 casing material in a representative oilfield in the Middle East was studied by weight loss test, orthogonal test, SEM and XRD. Results showed that water content was the most important factor affecting the corrosion rate of L80 - 1 steel, followed by CO2 partial pressure, H2S partial pressure and temperature, and Cl- concentration was the least. With the prolonging of the immersion time, the corrosion rate of L80 - 1 steel decreased, and the film became more and more compact and flat. With the increase of CO2 partial pressure, the corrosion rate of L80 - 1 steel showed a trend of increase first and then decreased, reaching the maximum value at 2.00 MPa. With the increase of H2S partial pressure, the corrosion rate of L80 - 1 steel increased continuously. The corrosion of L80 - 1 steel was slight in the early stage of exploitation, but once the water content in the produced liquid exceeded 30%, the corrosion rate increased rapidly, so anti - corrosion measures must be taken in the middle and late stages of exploitation. Based on the basic data of corrosion behavior research, CO2 - H2S corrosion charts of several casing steels were drawn. The corrosion charts showed that the application scope of L80 - 1 steel was limited in typical Middle East oil field corrosion environment, and L80 - 3Cr steel might be a better choice for the long - term safe exploitation of oil field as it could balance the requirements regarding corrosion resistance and cost saving.

As a novel computing paradigm,edge computing has become a significant approach to solve large-scale scientific applications.Aiming at scientific workflow scheduling under edge environment,task computation time and data transmission time are uncertain due to the fluctuation of server processing performance and bandwidth,respectively.In order to help capture and reflect the uncertainty during workflow execution,task computation time and data transmission time are represented as triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN),based on fuzzy theory.Simultaneously,an adaptive discrete fuzzy GA-based particle swarm optimization (ADFGA-PSO) is proposed to minimize fuzzy execution cost of workflow while satisfying deadline constraint.Besides,two-point crossover operator,neighborhood mutation and adaptive multipoint mutation operator of genetic algorithm (GA) are introduced to avoid particles being trapped in local optimum.Experimental results show that,compared with others,scheduling strategy based on ADFGA-PSO can more effectively reduce fuzzy execution cost in regard to deadline-constrained scientific workflow scheduling under edge environment.

A reasonable data placement strategy is essential to the efficient execution of scientific workflow in hybrid cloud environment.The traditional data placement strategy mainly focuses on the deterministic environment,but the data transmission time is uncertain due to the different load,bandwidth fluctuation and network congestion between different data centers and computer characteristics in the actual network environment.To solve this problem,a fuzzy adaptive discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the fuzzy theory and genetic algorithm operator (FGA-DPSO) is proposed to minimize the fuzzy transmission time of data,place the scientific workflow data reasonably and meet the privacy requirements of the data set and the capacity limit of the data center.The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the fuzzy data transmission time of scientific workflow in hybrid cloud environment.

As jamming attack can interrupt signal decoding and severely reduce communication performance, an adaptive rateless communication mechanism is proposed to reduce the interference effect of jamming attack. With the help of rateless codes, a packet is split into multiple encoded micro-packets and then transmitted independently, which can reduce the impact of interference and take advantage of the non-contiguous available channel. By adaptively adjusting the length of the micro-packet, better robustness can be achieved by using a smaller length when the attacks occur frequently. Meanwhile, high efficiency can be obtained by increasing the micro-packet length when attacks occur rarely. Experimental results show that, in comparison with direct transmission, rateless transmission can improve the throughput by 50% on average, and the stability by an order of magnitude. In summary, rateless communication can effectively rateless jamming attacks and achieve high communication efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to solve the problem that the decision making unit (DMU) couldn't be ranked because of the non-uniqueness of cross efficiency, and the weights of all DMUs were equal when cross efficiency was synthesized, this paper introduced super efficiency DEA model to establish cross efficiency matrix, and calculated the weights of all DMUs by the information entropy that was external. Then it calculated the synthesized cross efficiency. And all DMUs could be effectively ranked. Through the comparison of numerical analysis, the method is feasible. At last, the weapon initiation evaluation applied this method, results show that the method can solve the evaluation and selection problems about weapon project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a flow modal was considered for wing-body combination with very low aspect ratio at any rolling angle, and the wrong for traditional aerodynamic predicting method to be used to very low aspect ratio wing. Which just considers the attached flow interference in wings, was researched. A new interference model is offered, which considers not only the attached flow, but also the separated vortex shed from side edge of wings, and the vortex interference factor is introduced. Then the {actor is computed using the nonlinear panel method based on the incompressible flow. The comparison of the theory with experiment shows that the method adapted not only subsonic, transonic and supersonic flow at small angle attack, but also at middle angle attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in-out system of railway container terminal becomes a fuzzy queue system, when the container trucks arrive and the system serves fuzzily. In order to analyze the performance of this fuzzy queue system, this paper transformed the fuzzy queue model into a traditional one via ct-cut and extension principle. It used the trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to represent two fuzzy eigenvalues. It calculated the interval ranges of the system performance parameter with the parametric programming method. Then with a numerical computation of different a levels, it constructed the membership function of fuzzy performance parameter of this queue system. This method can provide more information for analysis and optimization on in-out system of railway container terminal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using-second order elasto-plastic finite element method, research on in-plane stability of pin-ended parabolic steel tubular arch under vertical and horizontal loads was conducted. Material nonlinearity, residual stress, geometric imperfections, rise-to-span ratio and slenderness ratio were considered. Residual stress have little effect on the vertical carrying capacity. The existence of initial geometric imperfection can significantly reduce the load-carrying capacity of steel tubular arch for medium slenderness ratio. Rise-to-span ratio and slenderness ratio are important factors affecting load-carrying capacity of steel tubular arch, but load-carrying capacities of the arch are not uniformly changed with uniform changes of rise-span ratio and slenderness ratio. The N-M interaction was established when the pin-ended parabolic steel arch reaches in-plane limit state under both vertical and horizontal loads, through which the unified expression of N-M interaction is produced. In addition, some design suggestions were offered concerning in-plane stability of pin-ended parabolic steel arch when the vertical loads ( full cross-uniformly distributed load and half-cross-uniformly distributed load ) and horizontal loads are considered. These suggestions can serve as references in relevant projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism of chronic osteomyelitis and to clarify the role of MAPK signal pathway in the pathogenesis of chronic osteomyelitis, by collecting and analyzing the transcriptional information of bone tissue in patients with chronic osteomyelitis., Methods: Four cases of traumatic osteomyelitis in limbs from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected, and the samples of necrotic osteonecrosis from chronic osteomyelitis (necrotic group), and normal bone tissue (control group) were collected. Transcriptome information was collected by Illumina Hiseq Xten high throughput sequencing platform, and the gene expression in bone tissue was calculated by FPKM. The differentially expressed genes were screened by comparing the transcripts of the Necrotic group and control group. Genes were enriched by GO and KEGG. MAP3K7 and NFATC1 were selected as differential targets in the verification experiments, by using rat osteomyelitis animal model and immunohistochemical analysis., Results: A total of 5548 differentially expressed genes were obtained by high throughput sequencing by comparing the necrotic group and control group, including 2701 up-regulated and 2847 down-regulated genes. The genes enriched in MAPK pathway and osteoclast differentiation pathway were screened, the common genes expressed in both MAPK and osteoclast differentiation pathway were (inhibitor of nuclear factor κ subunit Beta, IκBKβ), (mitogen-activated protein kinase 7, MAP3K7), (nuclear factor of activated t cells 1, NFATC1) and (nuclear factor Kappa B subunit 2, NFκB2). In rat osteomyelitis model, MAP3K7 and NFATC1 were highly expressed in bone marrow and injured bone tissue., Conclusion: Based on the transcriptome analysis, the MAPK signaling and osteoclast differentiation pathways were closely related to chronic osteomyelitis, and the key genes IκBKβ, MAP3K7, NFATC1, NFκB2 might be new targets for clinical diagnosis and therapy of chronic osteomyelitis.

Secondary copper smelting is an important source of heavy metal emission. Flue gas samples were collected from different stages in secondary copper smelters to study the emission characteristics and control of particulate matters (PM) and heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Sn, and Sb. The mass concentrations of heavy metals in flue gas and fly ash were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The emission factors of heavy metals were estimated. The results showed that the mass concentrations of heavy metals and PM in the flue gas were high in the cooling stage. After passing through a series of air pollution control devices, such as a bag filter and adsorption tower, the heavy metals and PM were simultaneously removed with a removal efficiency of 80%-99%. The concentration order of heavy metals in the stack gas from different anode furnace stages followed feeding-fusion>oxidation≈deoxidization. In general, the mass concentrations of heavy metals and PM in the stack gas could meet the industry emission standards. The average emission factors of As, Pb, Cr, Sn, Sb, and Cd were 2.6×10 3 , 2.4×10 3 , 2.7×10 3 , 5.6×10 2 , 34.1, and 9.8 mg·t -1 , respectively. This could provide data support for estimating the annual emission amounts of heavy metals from the secondary copper industry and establishing the emission inventories. The fly ash contained high concentrations of Cu and Zn, which can be recycled as raw materials for recycling the valuable metals.

Objective: To summarize and discuss the clinical efficacy and application value of intravenous drip of linezolid combined with local targeted sustained-release of vancomycin in the treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis of extremities infected with MRSA., Methods: Thirty patients with traumatic osteomyelitis of extremities infected by MRSA from March 2015 to March 2017 were analyzed retrospectively, including 21 males and 9 females; aged 25 to 64 years old, with an average age of(47.94± 6.23) years old;the course of disease ranged from 9 to 23 months, with an average of (15.68±6.23) months. The lesions were located in tibia in 18 cases and calcaneus in 12 cases. The causes of injury were fall injury in 12 cases, trafficaccident injury in 9 cases and fall injury in 9 cases. There were 22 patients with closed fractures and 8 patients with open fractures. There were 13 cases of internal fixation. Twenty-two patients had sinustract, 8 patients had soft tissue defect with bone and internal fixation exposure, soft tissue defect area ranged from 2.0 cm × 3.0 cm to 8.2 cm × 12.3 cm;10 patients had bone defect, defect area ranged from 0.5 to 3.4 cm;bacterial culture of sinus tract or wound secretion in all patients was MRSA. On the basis of thorough debridement, calcium sulfate artificial bone loaded with vancomycin was implanted in the lesion, and linezolid and glucose injection was given intravenously during the perioperative period. The patients were followed up regularly according to the time of antibiotic use, blood routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, liver and kidney function and other related laboratory indexes, X-ray, CT and other imaging examinations, bone healing, flap survival, joint function and McKee's osteomyelitis cure criteria., Results: All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 3 to 6 years, with a mean of (4.23±0.76) years. No recurrence of osteomyelitis occurred. Fracture healing, infection control, wound healing and functional recovery were achieved., Conclusion: Intravenous drip of linezolid combined with local targeted sustained-release of vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA infected traumatic osteomyelitis in limbs have significant effects and low recurrence rates.

Objective: To study the influence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) on the early prognosis of extremely premature infants, and to provide a basis for the management of extremely premature infants and prenatal consultation., Methods: A total of 179 extremely premature singleton infants who were born from 2017 to 2019 were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of PROM, they were divided into two groups: PROM group ( n =69) and non-PROM group ( n =110). A statistical analysis was performed for maternal data and early prognostic indicators., Results: Compared with the non-PROM group, the PROM group had significantly higher incidence rates of earlyonset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) ( P < 0.05) and significantly lower rate of use of pulmonary surfactant and incidence rate of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus ( P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that chorioamnionitis was an independent risk factor for early-onset sepsis and NEC ( OR =11.062 and 9.437 respectively, P < 0.05), and PROM was an independent protective factor against the use of pulmonary surfactant ( OR =0.363, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: PROM increases the incidence rates of early-onset sepsis and NEC in extremely premature infants and does not increase the incidence rates of other adverse outcomes. For pregnant women with PROM at the risk of extremely preterm delivery, prevention of miscarriage and chorioamnionitis is recommended to prolong gestational weeks, reduce the incidence rate of infection, and thus improve the outcome of extremely premature infants.

Bone transportation technology (Ilizarov technique) effectively solves the clinical problem of chronic osteomyelitis with structural bone defect. The paper combined with own clinical experience and a large number of literatures, the results showed that this method had some complications related to severe bone healing, such as non union of the joint ends and poor mineralization of the extended gap. Maintenance of force line during operation, protection of osteotomy end tissues, appropriate transporting velocity and stress stimulation after operation, and application of "accordion technology" are the keys to reduce such complications. At present, there is still much controversy about the timing of removal of external fixator. Once the re fracture is caused by early removal, it must be treated actively as soon as possible. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the local thermal injury of nail canal during operation and strengthen the nursing of nail canal after operation in order to prevent nail canal infection. Reasonable analgesic regimen combined with active functional exercise is an important method to avoid the occurrence of adjacent joint dysfunction.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in rapid and accurate diagnosis of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in neonates., Methods: The highly conserved sequence of fungi 18S RNA was selected as the target sequence, and primers were designed to establish a ddPCR fungal detection system. Blood samples were collected from 83 neonates with high-risk factors for IFI and/or related clinical symptoms in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a hospital in Shenzhen, China. Blood culture and ddPCR were used for fungal detection., Results: The ddPCR fungal detection system had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 3.2 copies/μL, and had a good reproducibility. Among the 22 blood samples from neonates with a confirmed or clinical diagnosis of IFI, 19 were detected positive by ddPCR. Among the 61 blood samples from neonates who were suspected of IFI or had no IFI, 2 were detected positive by ddPCR., Conclusions: The ddPCR technique can be used for the detection of neonatal IFI and is a promising tool for the screening and even diagnosis of neonatal IFI.

Objective: To investigate clinical effect of gastrocnemius muscle flap for repairing postoperative infection of patellar internal fixation., Methods: From January 2011 to January 2017, 15 patients with postoperative infection of patellar internal fixation were treated, including 9 males and 6 females ranged from 31 to 66 years old with an average age of (42.5±11.2) years old. The courses of disease ranged from 2 to 8 months with an average of (4.3±1.5) months. All wounds were repaired by gastrocnemius muscle flap after debridement. The coverage of muscle flap was performed by free skin graft and donor site was closed directly. Survival of muscle flap, healing of incision were observed. HUANG Yong-xin clinical criteria and KSS score criteria were used to evaluate knee joint function 9 after operation., Results: All muscle flaps were survived without necrosis. Incision of 13 patients were healed at stageI, and 2 patients had wound dehiscence after operation and healed after symptomatic treatment. All patients were followed up from 9 months to 30 months with an average of(20.6±8.3) months. No recurrence of infection was observed, and texture of muscle flap, skin color, appearance were good. According to HUANG Yong-xin clinical criteria, 13 excellent and 2 moderate. The clinical score of KSS score was 83.3±7.8, and functional score of KSS score was 86.3±10.4., Conclusions: Gastrocnemius muscle flap is an effective method in repairing postoperative infection of patellar internal fixation with stable curative effect and low recurrence rate, which is worthy popularizing., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2018 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Objective: To explore causes and strategies for postoperative bone nonunion after bone transport of lower limb bone of chronic osteomyelitis with bone defect., Methods: From June 2012 to December 2015, clinical data of 38 patients with lower limb bone of chronic osteomyelitis with bone defect were retrospectively analyzed, including 23 males and 15 females aged from 20 to 56 years old with an average of 36.5 years old; 5 cases occurred on 5 femoral osteomyelitis and 33 cases were tibial;the time from injury to bone transport ranged from 2 to 19 months with an average of 7.4 months; the distance of bone defect ranged from 4 to 12 cm with an average of 7.3 cm. Bone transport were performed at 1 week later after operations, and transport directions were from near-end to far-end for 30 cases, from far-end to near-end for 3 cases and bidirectional transport for another 5 cases. The alignment and transport speed were adjusted and weight-bearing was encouraged. Regular follow-up was performed and X-ray films were taken to observe complications such as poor mineralization in transport gaps, nonunion of docking sites, and recurrent fracture. Paley scoring was used to evaluate clinical effects., Results: All patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months with an average of 23.1 months. No recurrence of osteomyelitis, but multiple complications associated with poor bony healing occurred. In the process of bone transport, 3 cases occurred poor mineralization in transport gaps, 17 cases occurred ununion of docking sites, 5 cases suffered fracture gap, 1 case occurred fracture without remove of external fixation, and 4 cases occurred facture after remove of external fixation. The time of taken fixation ranged from 9 to 27 months with an average of 16.3 months; index of external fixation ranged from 1.7 to 2.7 months/cm with an average of 2.24 months/cm. According to Paley's scoring, bony results showed 12 cases excellent, 16 good, 3 moderate and 7 poor;and functional results showed 14 cases excellent, 18 good, 3 moderate and 3 poor., Conclusions: Bone transport technique could effectively solve clinical problems of long bone osteomyelitis with bone defect. However, long treatment period influence prognosis. Therefore, indications should be chosen strict, and operations should be precise and accurate, also monitored across whole process and followed up in time. Doctors should be actively guide corresponding prevention strategies., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2018 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Objective: To investigate the distribution of constitution types of Chinese medicine (CM) in the elderly living at home in Beijing downtown, and to explore its relationship with life habits., Methods: A total of 3894 senile more than 60 years old were enrolled in this study. Their constitution types of CM were typed using CM constitution questionnaire. Meanwhile, their demographic features, disease condition, diet habits, exercise habits, sleep habits, and so on were investigated. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between life habits and constitution types of CM., Results: The number of mild type constitution senile was 1111 (28.53%) and the number of biased constitutions 2783 (71.47%). Biased constitutions of the top three were qi deficiency constitution (662, 17.00%), yang deficiency constitution (445, 11.43%), and blood stasis constitution (363, 9.32%). Univariate analysis showed that different habits of diet, exercise, and sleep exist among the senile of different constitutions (P < 0.05). By taking mild type constitution, multivariate Logistic regression analysis (except demographic indices and chronic history) showed that significantly positive correlation existed between qi deficiency constitution and favor for hot food (OR = 1.349, P = 0.015), yang deficiency constitution and favor for hot food (OR = 2.448, P < 0.01), phlegm-wetness constitution and favor for barbecue food (OR = 2.144, P = 0.003), wet-heat constitution and favor for sweet food (OR = 1.355, P = 0.032), wet-heat constitution and favor for tea (OR = 1.359, P = 0.047), blood stasis constitution and favor for hot food (OR = 1.422, P = 0.017), and qi depression constitution and favor for hot food (OR = 1.446, P = 0.031). Regular exercise had negative correlation with qi deficiency constitution (OR = 0.397, P < 0.01), yang deficiency constitution (OR = 0.522, P < 0.01) , phlegm-wetness constitution (OR = 0.475, P < 0.01), wet-heat constitution (OR = 0.647, P = 0.015), blood stasis constitution (OR = 0.608, P = 0.001), qi depression constitution (OR = 0.541, P = 0.001), and special diathesis constitution (OR = 0.466, P < 0.01). Early sleep and rise habit had negative with phlegm-wetness constitution (OR = 0.414, P < 0.01), wet-heat constitution (OR = 0.536, P = 0.015), blood stasis constitution (OR = 0.515, P = 0.004), and special diathesis constitution (OR = 0.526, P = 0.039)., Conclusions: Different constitution types of CM might be highly related to specific life habits. Cultivating better life habits can improve biased constitutions of CM.

Objective: To discuss the clinical effects and superiority of applying external fixation and bone transport to treat osteomyelitis and bone defect of femoral bone., Methods: From August 2008 to December 2013,16 patients with osteomyelitis and bone defect of femoral bone were treated including 11 males and 5 females with an average age of 42 years old ranging from 13 to 62 years old. The average course of disease was 18 months ranging from 2 months to 4.5 years, and the average length of bone defect was 7.8 cm ranging from 4.5 to 15 cm. The bone defect of all cases were treated by external fixation and bone transport, the bone transport began at 1 week after operation, 1 mm per day and 4 times per day., Results: All patients were followed up for 10 to 36 months (means 22.5 months). One patient did not cooperate with treatment leads to the failure, then took the amputation. The remaining 15 cases of osteomyelitis were under control, including 12 cases of bone transport achieved one stage bone union, 3 cases achieved bone union via bone graft from iliac bone. The bone union time was 5 to 13 months(means 7.9 months). Thirteen patients almost obtained the same length of two lower extremities,2 patients had shortening of 1.5 to 2 cm. The time of moving the external fixation was from 6 to 16 months (means 9.3 months)., Conclusion: Application of external fixation and bone transport is an effective method in treating the osteomyelitis and bone defect that can control the infection, eradicate wounds, and be the equalization of limb length.

Spectrum-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine is a scientific method based on fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine, which studied the correlations between fingerprint and activity. The method revealed the activity related peaks and clarified the active components. It provided directions and thoughts for the clarification of pharmacodynamic material basis and establishment of evaluation method to reflect the inherent quality of traditional Chinese medicine. In this text we would make a systematic review about the progress in the study of spectrum-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine after summarized the latest years of investigations from researchers at home and abroad, including the establishment of fingerprint, efficacy evaluation, and data processing. The key problems in each part were clarified and corresponding discussions were made, providing thoughts and advices for the following study of spectrum-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine. At last we made a expecting on the development trend of spectrum-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine.

The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify polysaccharide from Gynura divaricata and analyze its monosaccharide composition. A water-soluble crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and deproteinization after degreasing. The crude polysaccharide then purified with DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography and dialysis. The monosaccharide composition and structure were analyzed by HPLC, UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR. The results showed that the purity and molecular weight of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were 87.3%, 2.03 x 10(4) Da and 90.9%, 4.29 x 10(4) Da, respectively. The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data suggested that glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were a type. Both GDPs-2 and GDPs-3 were homogeneous polysaccharides, and GDPs-2 was mainly composed of glucuronic acid and xylose at a molar ratio of 1.1:0.63. GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3.

Tripterygium glycosides preparation which extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii (TWHY), was widely used to treat the autoimmune diseases. Previous works demonstrated that TWHF had potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. But the different quality and high incident rate of side effects of different manufactures inhibited its clinical application. Since TWHF had been generally known to play a therapeutical effect by synergism of multiple constituents, it was necessary to build the relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and bioactivity so as to ensure the quality safety and efficacy. The HPLC fingerprint showed that description and content of peaks from different manufactures were diverse. Only 11 common peaks were found. In this study, mice spleen cells stimulated by Con A were used to test the proliferation inhibition bioactivity of TWHF preparations, which were incubated with 30, 15, 7.5, 3.75, 1.88 and 0.94 mg x L(-1) TWHF preparations for 48 h. The results showed that mice spleen cells proliferation was inhibited by all TWHF preparations significantly compared with the control group, which suggested the TWHF preparations showed immune suppress activity. The TWHF preparations from 7 manufacture showed different IC50 value, which might belong to different contents which showed in the HPLC fingerprint. Moreover, a relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and the bioactivity were established to identify important constituents by grey relational analysis (GRA). The result showed that all the contents were relative with the IC50, especially No. 5 and 10 peaks, but No. 1 peak, which was proved to be triptolide, had few contribute to the inhibition of mice spleen cells proliferation. The study of relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and the IC50 by GRA could help to investigate mechanism of bioactive and provide an evidence for the quantification of multi-constituents.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of preventive therapy for iatrogenic active tuberculosis (TB) induced by glucocorticoid., Methods: During 2007-2011, a total of 203 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with high-risk active TB, such as a history of TB infection, TB family member and strong positive purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test or hypoalbuminemia and hyperglycemia were enrolled. They were randomly divided into three groups based on whether or not anti-TB treatment was offered at the beginning of glucocorticoid treatment for SLE: simple glucocorticoid group (n = 70); glucocorticoid plus rimifon group (n = 67); glucocorticoid plus rimifon plus ethambutol group (n = 66). Anti-TB treatment was offered at least 12 months for the preventive anti-TB group. And follow-ups were conducted every 2-3 months for 2 year to observe the efficacy and side effects of anti-TB drugs. During this period, anyone with fever and/or cough consulted a physician immediately., Results: No active TB occurred in anti-TB treatment group. And 8 patients (11.43%) had active TB in simple glucocorticoid group, including hematogenous disseminated TB (n = 1), pulmonary TB (n = 3), bone TB (n = 1), tuberculous meningitis (n = 1) and undefined focus TB infection (n = 2). And 6/8 cases had active TB within 6 months after using glucocorticoids. According to the study protocol, any case of active TB shall receive 3-4 combined anti-TB drugs for 1 year. The TB conditions of 7/8 patients were better controlled by anti-TB treatment.One patient died of tuberculous meningitis after lost follow-up. Two patients had mild temporary numbness in finger tap of both hands. And 3 patients on double anti-TB drugs showed a mild elevation of liver enzymes., Conclusion: For high-risk population of active TB, glucocorticoid therapy plus 1 or 2 preventive anti-TB treatment drugs may prevent its occurrence. And there is no serious adverse reaction during preventive anti-TB treatment.

Objective: To study the effect of slice thickness on drying process of Polygonum multiflorum root tuber., Methods: The root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum was sliced with thickness of 2, 5 and 8 mm. Drying experiments were conducted at temperatures of 45, 55, 65 and 75 degrees C. The experimental data were fitted to ten thin-layer drying models to select a suitable model for describing the drying characteristic of Polygonum multiflorum root tuber. Based on thin-layer drying theory, the kinetics parameters of drying process were calculated., Results: The drying processes of Polygonum multiflorum root tuber were consisted of two regions, 1st and 2nd falling rate periods when the slice thickness was thick or the drying temperature was high. Aghbashlo model was the best one to describe its drying behavior. The variation of thickness had significant effect on effective moisture diffusivity (D), but had little effect on activation energy E(a)., Conclusion: Thin-layer drying theory can be an effective tool for the study of drying behavior of Polygonum multiflorum root tuber. The result provides experimental basis for the quality control of Polygonum multiflorum root tuber drying process.

Objective: To explore the potential value of up-regulator of cell proliferation (URGCP) as a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Methods: The expression of URGCP was analyzed in 15 HCC cell lines and in 10 pairs of HCC and adjacent tissues with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The expression of URGCP in 278 paraffin-embedded, archived clinical HCC samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and statistic analysis conducted to examine the relationship of prognosis and URGCP expression., Results: IHC analysis revealed a high expression of URGCP in all HCC cell lines and in 122/278 (43.8%) paraffin-embedded archived HCC specimens. The expression level of URGCP was significantly correlated with clinical staging and poor patient survival of HCC in the study cohort and in various clinical subgroups, but not correlated with HCC patient age, tumor size, tumor number or alpha-fetoprotein level., Conclusion: URGCP plays an important role in promoting the proliferation and tumorigenesis of HCC and may represent a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the disease.

Objective: To establish the fingerprint of Polygonum multiflorum from Guizhou and provide a standard for its quality control., Methods: HPLC analysis was performed on Agillent ZABAX-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), gradient eluted composed of acetonitrile-0.4% water solution of phosphoric acid. Column temperature was set at 25 degrees C and the flow rate was 1 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 280 nm and the analysis time was 60 min., Results: 9 common peaks were identified. The RSD of the relative retention time and the relative peak area were less than 3% in analyzing its precision, stability and repeatability of the common peaks, and the similarity of the 16 batches of sample was more than 0.9., Conclusion: The method is simple and reliable, and it can provide a standard and guidance for quality control of Polygonum multiflorum.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)., Methods: Twenty-four pregnant patients with SLE treated with HCQ during pregnancy from May, 2006 to February, 2011 were studied retrospectively. All babies were followed up during early infancy for growth development., Results: Of them, 22 patients were treated with HCQ throughout the whole pregnancy with no lupus flare occurred in 21 patients (95.4%), while temporary discontinuation of HCQ precipitated a flare of disease in two patients. Three patients (12.5%) had premature delivery, and pregnancy induced hypertension happened in 3 patients (12.5%). No congenital abnormalities occurred and mean follow-up of 26 months (range 1 - 47 months) revealed no abnormalities in these children., Conclusion: Our findings reinforce the safety of HCQ therapy during pregancy and HCQ should probably be maintained throughout the pregancy in patients with SLE.

Objective: To study the effect of gossypol on the expression of connexin 43 (CX43) in Sertoli cells., Methods: TM4 Sertoli cells were cultured and treated with gossypol at the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 micromol/L for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxicity of gossypol was assessed by CCK-8 assay, and the expression of CX43 in the normal TM4 Sertoli cells and in those treated with different concentrations of gossypol for different times was detected by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis., Results: Semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis showed the expression of CX43 in the normal TM4 cells. At 24 hours of exposure to gossypol, the expression began to decrease gradually with the prolonging of time and the increasing concentration of gossypol (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Gossypol reduces the expression of CX43 in TM4 Sertoli cells, which might underlie the mechanism of its antifertility action.

Objective: To investigate effects of exogenous 5'-nucleotides on acute alcohol intoxication in SD rats., Methods: In our study, 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups which included a control group treated with normal saline and three experimental groups treated with low, medium and high doses of exogenous 5'-nucleotides (0.2, 0.8, 3.2 g/kg body weight). All the rats were gavaged with 50% ethanol 30 minutes after treatment. Then rotarod test and open field test were taken to assess rats' neurobehavior changes; Tail blood samples were collected to test blood ethanol concentration; Then all the rats were anesthetized and killed to collect blood and liver samples. Contents of serum alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total protein and albumin were tested; Their serum superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde content and liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity were measured., Results: Compared with the controls, high dose nucleotides treated rats had lower serum ethanol concentration [(0.56±0.18 g/L)vs.(1.11±0.44 g/L), P<0.05]. However, exogenous 5'-nucleotides had no impact on neurobehavior and serum biochemical indicators; No difference was found in liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity, serum superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content were also found no different between the groups., Conclusion: Exogenous 5'-nucleotides have no protective properties for acute alcohol intoxication in rats.

Objective: To get mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from hepatitis B patient and to valuate the safety and quality after long-term culture in vitro., Methods: The cells obtained directly from bone marrow and cultured in Mesen Pro medium supplemented with FGF, and the morphology of MSCs was observed. Surface antigens of the MSCs were analyzed by flow-cytometry. The bacteria, virus, endotoxin and residual serum of cell suspension were detected. The MSCs and perpheral blood T lymphocytes were co-cultured in 48 well plates for 72 h and the T lymphocyte proliferation was measured by using MTT reduction method and the effect of MSCs on T lymphocyte transformation stimulated by PHA was also observed. The oncogenicity of MSCs was verified by the tumorigenesis test in sofo agar. The genetic stability of MSCs was examined by karyotype analysis., Result: The MSCs from hepatitis B patient could be passaged to many generations and had strong abilities of proliferation. They expressed stem cell-surface antigens and maintained normal karyotype, prevented the pollution of bacteria and viruses, inhibited the immune response of allogenic T lymphocytes and no oncogenicity found., Conclusion: The MSCs have proliferative potentials, can be passaged in long-term cultures in Mesen Pro medium without oncogenicity, can maintain normal karyotype, can inhibit the immune response of T lymphocytes and can alleviate the grafe-versus diseases. The MSCs can be served as a new type of cells in cell and gene therapy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of HBV antigens and pathological mechanism of chronic HBV infection by analyzing the cellular immune function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HBsAg carriers., Methods: PBMCs were prepared from individuals with chronic asymptomatic HBV infection and cultured in the presence of different antigens and/ or cytokines. The levels of cytokines in culture supernatants were detected by ELISA method. The phenotype of the cells was detected by FACS., Results: The levels of IFN y secreted by PBMCs from HBsAg carriers were (48.3+/-19.8) pg/ml, significantly lower than that from healthy controls (t = 3.023, P less than 0.05); The IFN y produced by PBMCs from HBeAg positive patients due to HBsAg and HBcAg stimulation were (50.4+/-51.6) pg/ml and (63.2+/-36.9) pg/ml, significantly lower than that of HBeAg negative patients (t = 2.468 and 3.184, P less than 0.05, respectively). The IL-12p70 secreted by PBMCs from HBeAg positive patients was also significantly lower than that of HBeAg negative patients (P less than 0.05); Exogenous IL-12 promoted significantly PBMCs to secrete IFN y (P less than 0.01) and IL-12 combined with HBV antigens activated CD8+CD45RA+CCR7+ and CD8+CD45RA-CD62L+ cells. IL-12 secreted by PBMCs decreased in HBeAg positive patients, which may be the crucial reason of viral persistence in chronic HBV carriers. Exogenous IL-12 combined with specific HBV antigen could promote the central memory CD8+ T cells to produce IFN y.

Objective: To establish standard serum proteomic pattern for early liver cancer and explore its value in early liver cancer diagnosis., Methods: The serum samples were obtained from 12 healthy subjects and 12 patients with early liver cancer. After removal of serum albumin and IgG, 300 µg serum sample was mixed with the hydrating solution for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Each experiment was repeated for 3 times. With silver staining and image analysis, the differentially expressed proteins were identified to establish the standard proteomic pattern for early liver cancer. The proteomics pattern was then tested in the diagnosis of 13 cases of chronic liver disease and 10 healthy individuals in a double-blind manner., Results: Thirty-eight differentially expressed protein spots were identified. Eleven protein spots with differential expressions by over 5 folds were analyzed to establish the standard proteomics pattern for early liver cancer, which showed a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 90% in early diagnosis of liver cancer., Conclusion: The standard serum 2-DE proteomic pattern for early liver cancer shows distinct differences from that of healthy subjects. The differentially expressed proteins and their specific combination pattern may have the potential for diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of early liver cancer.

FAIMS is a fast and high sensitive technique for detecting trace volatile organic compounds. Spectra of acetone, benzene and toluene were obtained on a homemade high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer and they can be easily separated in the spectra. Three xylene isomeric compounds were also successfully separated in FAIMS. Effect of carrier gas flow rate on the ion intensity was analyzed, and the optimal flow rate of carrier gas was 220 L x h(-1) which can be used for the optimization of FAIMS instrument. The detection limit for acetone is 100 ng x L(-1) that is an order of magnitude lower than the foreign traditional IMS.

Objective: To set up a rapid method for detection of drug resistance mutation in HBV, based on multicolour real time PCR. To detect the mutation of blood serum, which were collected from patients., Method: To establish two reaction systems, each reaction system contains four resistance loci. On the new multicolor real time PCR method, the sensitivity and specificity were analysed, and detecting the drug resistant mutation of blood serum collected from 30 cases patients., Results: Construction of a multicolor fluorescence PCR for detection drug resistance in HBV was constructed, better specificity, sensitivity analysis of up to 1 x 10(3) copies/ml. Sample of 30 cases were detected, there were 2 YVDD (6.67%), 1 YIDD (3.33%), and there were 5 cases of 1896 variation, accounting for 16.67%. Other sites were not detected mutations., Conclusion: The multicolor real time PCR detection system could be used for rapid and simple analysis of drug resistance for the clinical hospital. The 1986 mutation in HBV pre-C region are relatively high.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of improvement technique of double Endobutton plate for the treatment of Tossy III acromioclavicular joint dislocation., Methods: From June 2008 to June 2009, 18 patients with Tossy III acromioclavicular joint dislocation were treated with improvement technique of double Endobutton plate. There were 11 males and 7 females, with an average age of 35 years old ranging from 28 to 55 years. The time from injury to operation was 2 to 5 days (means 3.5 days). All patients were followed and the clinical outcomes were recorded., Results: These 18 patients were followed up from 4 to 8 months (averaged 6 months). All acromioclavicular joint dislocation were reduced. According to the scales of Karlsson, the post-operation function 1 of shoulder-joint in 16 patients were A grade and 2 patients were B grade., Conclusion: The improvement technique of double Endobutton plate is an effective ideal treatment methods for Tossy III acromioclavicular joint dislocation due to its less invasion and convenience and good biocompatibility.

Objective: To study PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions during 24 weeks telbivudine antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to explore the relationship between PD-1 expression and HBeAg/HBeAb seroconversion., Methods: Ten CHB cases with HLA-A2 and HBeAg positive were treated with telbivudine 600 mg/d orally for 24 weeks. Fresh blood samples were collected at week 0, 12 and 24 after treatment. HBV-specific CD8+ T cells were expanded in vitro. Cell culture medium were collected for interferon gamma (IFNgamma) detection. Flow cytometry was used to detect the HLA-A type, PD-1, PD-L1 and HBV specific CD8+ T cells. The expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1, the counts of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in circulating CD8+ lymphocytes, and IFNgamma concentration in culture medium were evaluated during antiviral treatment., Results: At week 0, 12 and 24 after telbivudine treatment, 7 of 10 patients were HBV DNA undetectable, 2 were HBeAg seroconversion and 2 were HBeAg lose but anti-HBe negative. The frequency of PD-1-positive PBMCs were 52.1%+/-17.0%, 39.1%+/-18.2% and 23.4%+/-16.3% (week 24 vs week 0, P < 0.01) respectively; PD-L1 positive PBMCs were 45.6%+/-15.4%, 34.6%+/-16.2% and 20.9%+/-9.5% respectively(week 24 vs week 0, P < 0.01; week 24 vs week 12, P < 0.05). The frequency of PD-1-positive CD8+ T cells were 76.2%+/-10.4%, 66.5%+/-15.4% and 49.5%+/-25.3% respectively (week 24 vs week 0, P < 0.01; week 12 vs week 0, P < 0.05; week 24 vs week 12, P < 0.05); HBV-specific CD8 cells were 1.3%+/-0.5%, 1.5%+/-1.0% and 2.2%+/-1.5%; IFNgamma levels in cell culture medium were (91.7+/-82.1) pg/ml, (99.4+/-93.5) pg/ml and (109.5+/-86.6) pg/ml. A remarkable decrease of PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions and increase of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells were observed in patients who had HBeAg/HBeAb seroconversion at week 24., Conclusions: Direct suppression of HBV replication by telbivudine in CHB patients can decrease PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions and restore HBV-specific CD8+T cells. The relationship between the changes of PD-1 expression and HBeAg/HBeAb seroconversion during antiviral therapy in HBeAg-positive patients need to confirm by future study.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of telomere shortening through 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and subsequent ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation-induced photoaging model in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs)., Methods: Photoaging model was established by 8-MOP + UVA in skin HDFs. Flow cytometer, enzyme cytochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot and Real-time PCR were employed., Results: The percentage of G1 blockage of 8-MOP + UVA group were higher than that of control group at 24, 48, 72 h and 7 d (61.4% +/- 1.5% vs. 32.8% +/- 1.5%, 69.5% +/- 2.2% vs. 44.9% +/- 2.3%, 88.2% +/- 1.6% vs. 59.8% +/- 1.4%, 90.7% +/- 2.5% vs. 68.5% +/- 2.6%, all P < 0.01). The expression of SA-beta-Gal of 8-MOP + UVA group were higher than that of control group at 24, 48, 72 h and 7 d (34.87% +/- 0.59% vs. 7.11% +/- 0.78%, 59.38% +/- 0.46% vs. 10.57% +/- 0.47%, 72.46% +/- 0.98% vs. 11.67% +/- 0.87%, 94.33% +/- 0.13% vs. 12.04% +/- 0.12%, all P < 0.01). 8-MOP + UVA treatment could significantly aggravate the oxidative DNA damages, the percentage of 8-oxo-dG positive cell of 8-MOP + UVA group (95.78% +/- 0.14%) were significantly higher than that of control group (7.69% +/- 0.09%, P < 0.01), 8-MOP group (9.76% +/- 0.11%, P < 0.01) and UVA group (35.29% +/- 0.14%, P < 0.05). 8-MOP + UVA treatment could accelerate the telomere shortening ,the relative length of telomere of 8-MOP + UVA group were 2.57 +/- 0.05 lower than that of control group (6.63 +/- 0.12, P < 0.01). The levels of P53, P21(WAF-1) and P16(INK-4a) of 8-MOP + UVA group were higher than that of control group (3.00 +/- 0.88 vs. 0.54 +/- 0.10, 2.50 +/- 0.51 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.06, 2.21 +/- 0.34 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.05, all P < 0.01)., Conclusion: 8-MOP + UVA-induced photoaging of HDFs can be mediated though the regulation of telomere and subsequent P53-dependent signaling pathways.

Objective: To survey the status of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in the liver of patients with liver cancer and explore the correlation between Hp infection and liver cancer., Methods: Liver specimens were obtained 30 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), 30 with liver cancer, and 30 healthy control subjects. The specimens were cultured in Colombian agar medium in microaerophilic condition for isolation of Hp. The presence of Hp was also identified by biochemical test, urease test, immunohistochemistry, and PCR and sequence analysis., Results: Hp was found in none of the liver specimens by culture tests. One out of the 30 patients with liver cancer (3%) was positive for Hp by urease tests. Immunohistochemical staining identified Hp positivity in 9 liver cancer tissue (30.0%), but in none of control or CLD cases (P<0.05). PCR detected Hp 16S rRNA in 18 out of the 30 patients with liver cirrhosis (60.0%) and in none of the control or chronic hepatitis cases. Sequencing analysis of Hp 16S rRNA in liver tissue showed a 98.8% homology with the Hp16S rRNA gene., Conclusion: A greater incidence of Hp infection in the liver is identified in patients with liver cancer than in healthy subjects and CLD patients, suggesting a potential correlation between Hp infection to liver cancer.

Objective: To investigate the hepatotoxic effects of accidental intravenous diethylene glycol (DEG.) poisoning in patients with liver disease., Methods: Clinical data and liver function results were obtained from 64 patients with liver diseases who had been accidentally treated with diethyl glycol-contaminated agent and 45 cases with hepatorenal failure. The hepatotoxic effects of diethylene glycol DEG on the patients with liver diseases were assessed by multivariable logistical regression analysis., Results: Of the 64 cases with liver diseases, 15 cases (23.4%) developed toxic presentations following the accidental administration of DEG. All affected cases were male. Twelve of the 15 poisoned patients (80%), died within 7 days of exposure to DEG. The most common clinical manifestations included kidney damage, renal failure, metabolic acidosis, and nerve system disturbances. The intravenous administration of DEG resulted in only mild liver function impairment. In terms of risk factors, both gender (r = 4.266, P less than 0.05) and the severity of jaundice prior to DEG administration were related to the occurrence of toxin-induced renal failure (r = 7.640, P less than 0.01)., Conclusions: DEG may worsen liver damage in patients with liver diseases.