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The proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) brings convenience to life, but also creates other security concerns due to the nature of open deployment and wireless of IoT devices. Traditional encryption standards are difficult or impossible to implement in resource-constrained devices, and even if they do, their performance may be unacceptable, so the development of lightweight cryptographic algorithms that can be executed in resource-constrained devices is necessary and urgent. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the United States therefore officially solicited lightweight cryptography algorithms in 2018, and is expected to complete the establishment of lightweight cryptography standards in 2022. The purpose of this paper is to explain the limitations of traditional cryptographic algorithms on resource-constrained devices, the focus of lightweight cryptographic algorithm requirements, and the development of NIST5s current lightweight cryptography standards. The lightweight encryption algorithm ASCON is implemented as an example to illustrate how to implement an algorithm that conforms to the lightweight cryptography standards in an IoT application to protect the security of message transmission in the IoT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new lightweight S boxes based on the inverse mapping in Galois field which called suboptimal-S boxes （SOPT-S boxes）with excellent performance in cryptology was constructed. It is shown that the SOPT-S boxes perform better in cryptographic properties such as differential uniformity, algebraic degree and avalanche effect than PRESENT, of which the algebraic degree achieves to n-1, avalanche effect to 1/2 and both of them achieve to the best, besides, it has an equivalent nonlinearity compared with PRESENT. In addition, the hardware overhead is also the same as the latter, so that it can provide a reference for the designing of nonlinear layer of lightweight cryptography algorithm.