Search

The Zhundong region in Xinjiang has abundant high-Na coal resource, which can be used as high-quality fuel and chemical raw material. However, the high-Na content can lead to severe equipment pollution and ash slagging during combustion and gasification processes, thereby significantly restricting its large-scale and efficient utilization. The efficient, economical, and environmental friendly removal of Na is of great significance for the clean utilization of the Zhundong coal. This study investigates the rule and mechanism of Na removal from low-rank high-Na coal in the Zhundong region using a series of low-concentration ammonium salts. The results show that the deionized water (DI) can only remove about 52% of Na in the coal. When some low-concentration ammonium salts such as NH4Ac, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3 and TMACl with a concentration of 0.006 mol/L are used, the total Na removal rate and organic Na removal rate can reach to 90%−97% and 80%−95%, respectively. The Na2O mass fraction in coal ash is significantly reduced from 6.21% in raw coal, 2.77% in water-treated coal and 0.27%−0.81% in coal treated with low-concentration ammonium salts. Among the various ammonium salts mentioned above, the NH4Ac shows the best Na removal effect. The size of the cation in the Na removal agent plays an important role in the removal of organic Na, and the Na removal capacity follows the order: H+ > NH4+ > TMA+, which is due to the smaller cations are more favorable for entering coal pores and interacting with organic Na through ion exchange. Ammonium salts can remove various types of Na carboxylates through conventional ion exchange mechanisms, but the removal mechanism of phenolic Na may involve ion exchange, complex decomposition of phenolic ammonium salts, and hydrolysis of NH4+. Increasing the temperature, prolonging the time, and increasing the amount of ammonium salts significantly enhance the removal of total Na, water-soluble inorganic Na, and organic Na in coal. A correlation between the amount of ammonium salt added and the removal of total Na and organic Na in coal has been established. For NH4Ac, the correlation is as follows: y(total Na) = 12479x(ammonium amount) + 2200, y(organic Na) = 12394x(ammonium amount) + 136. In order to meet the national coal combustion standard (w(Na2O) < 2.0%, mass fraction by ash) for the Zhundong coal, about 70% of the total Na needs to be removed, about 4.26 kg of NH4Ac should be added per ton of the Zhundong coal.

In order to understand the diversity of endophytic bacteria community in different tissues of Pyracantha fortuneana, the 16S rRNA V5-V7 variable region of endophytic bacteria in P. fortuneana was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology, and the diversity of endophytic bacteria community in different tissue parts of P. fortuneana was analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 1 818 endophytic bacteria OTU were obtained, in which 754 endophytic bacteria were from root, 308 from stem and 756 from leaf, and with a total of 152 OTU. (2) Species classification showed that endophytic bacteria in different P. fortuneana tissues had abundant community diversities, and the endophytic bacteria in root belonged to 557 species, 373 genera, 216 families, 137 orders, 53 classes, 23 phyla, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium and Streptomyces were the dominant genera, and their relative abundance was 10.57% and 8.00%, respectively. The endophytic bacteria in stem belonged to 270 species, 204 genera, 126 families, 76 orders, 32 classes, 21 phyla, Massilia and unclassified_f_Comamonadaceae were the dominant genera, and their relative abundance was 31.10% and 12.82%, respectively. The endophytic bacteria in leaf belonged to 581 species, 380 genera, 210 families, 130 orders, 52 classes, 21 phyla, Geobacillus and Pseudomonas were the dominant genera, and their relative abundance was 12.31% and 9.84%, respectively. (3) PICRUSt function prediction analysis showed that the species richness of root endophytic bacteria involved in te regulation of various metabolic pathways was the highest. These results provide a reference for endophytic bacteria functions and exploiting new beneficial microbial resources.

Background As aging process continues to accelerate in China, multimorbidity have become a major public problem that threatens the health of the entire population. In the current context of "Healthy China 2030", the health management of patients with multimorbidity needs to be urgently addressed. Objective To understand the preferences influencing the choice of community health services for patients with multimorbidity, explore the willingness to pay (WTP) of patients, so as to provide recommendations for improvements to the existing community health service system for chronic diseases. Methods Patients with multimorbidity were randomly selected from eight community health service centers in Chengdu during the period from May to August 2022 as survey subjects. General patient data and preferences related to discrete choice experiments were collected through on-site questionnaire surveys. Based on different types of comorbidities, patients with type 2 diabetes combined with hypertension, hypertension combined with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes combined with hypertension and coronary heart disease were categorized into ClassⅠ, ClassⅡ, and ClassⅢ. Regression analysis was conducted using mixed Logit model to analyze the preferences of multimorbidity patients for community health services, and to quantitatively analyze their WTP for community health services. Result A total of 360 questionnaires were distributed and 296 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 82.7%. ClassⅠpatients (β=3.260, 95%CI=2.610 to 3.910), ClassⅡpatients (β=3.697, 95%CI=2.612 to 4.781), and ClassⅢpatients (β=3.220, 95%CI=2.271 to 4.169) expressed the strongest preference for services with high accessibility to drugs, followed by appointment referral services and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) services. Regarding physician types and prescription service duration, both ClassⅠpatients (β=0.971, 95%CI=0.585 to 1.357) and ClassⅡpatients (β=0.686, 95%CI=0.176 to 1.197) preferred services with extended prescription services, while ClassⅢpatients (β=0.804, 95%CI=0.196 to 1.413) preferred services provided by general practitioners (β=0.804, 95%CI=0.196 to 1.413). ClassⅠpatients (β=-0.049, 95%CI=-0.057 to -0.041), ClassⅡpatients (β=-0.040, 95%CI=-0.051 to -0.029), and ClassⅢpatients (β=-0.037, 95%CI=-0.048 to -0.027) preferred services with lower out-of-pocket expenses. The results of the regression analysis of WTP for patients with different chronic comorbidity types showed that the WTP of all 3 types of patients was related to their level of preference for each attribute, with ClassⅠ, ClassⅡ, and ClassⅢpatients all had the highest WTP for a high level of drug accessibility, which were RMB 66.77/month, RMB 91.97/month, and RMB 85.95/month, respectively. Conclusion Patients with multimorbidity exhibit significant preferences for six attributes considered in this study (physician type, TCM service, prescription service duration, drug accessibility, appointment referral, and monthly out-of-pocket costs). Drug accessibility is the most important attribute influencing multimorbidity patients' health service preferences. It is recommended to target patients' specific needs accurately, improve appointment referral services, establish standards for the management of chronic diseases in the community, and accelerate the integration of TCM into the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the community.

为探索食用葵花籽清选、分级、选种、定价的理论依据，完善建立葵花籽的离散元法分析模型，对食用葵花籽的主要尺寸及均齐性进行了分析。选择内蒙古自治区主栽的3个品种食用葵花籽（1013、SH361、SH363）为研究对象，使用统计学方法，以籽粒的三轴尺寸(长度、宽度、厚度)、平均径（算术平均径、几何平均径）、百粒重为指标，分析葵花籽三轴尺寸的统计分布特性、均齐性以及平均径与百粒重的关系，并按宽度对葵花籽进行了清选分级试验。结果表明：不同品种葵花籽的三轴尺寸均服从正态分布并存在线性相关，且总体上存在显著性差异；葵花籽的均齐性存在差异且其几何平均径、算术平均径与百粒重的变化趋势一致；1013品种选用圆孔筛10 mm和8 mm规格，SH361和SH363品种选用圆孔筛10 mm和8.5 mm规格时，分级效果满足要求。In order to explore the theoretical basis for cleaning, grading, selection, pricing of sunflower seeds, and improve the discrete component analysis model of sunflower seeds, the main dimensions and homogeneity of edible sunflower seeds were analyzed. The three typical edible sunflower seeds (1013, SH361, SH363) planted in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were used as research objects, and the statistical distribution characteristics of the three-axis sizes, homogeneity and relationship between average diameter and hundred-grain weight of the sunflower seeds were analyzed with the three-axis size(length, width and thickness), mean size(geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter) and hundred-grain weight as indexes. The width grading test of sunflower seeds was carried out. The results showed that the three-axis sizes of different varieties of sunflower seeds followed a normal distribution and were linearly correlated with significant differences in general. The homogeneity of sunflower seeds was different, and its geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter and hundred-grain weight had the same changing trend. When round hole sieves of 10 mm and 8 mm were used for 1013, and round hole sieves of 10 mm and 8.5 mm were used for SH361 and SH363, the grading effect could meet the requirement.

For the characteristics of large number and thickness of coal seams and tight sandstones in the coal-bearing rock series in Hegang Basin, the characteristics of coal rock, sedimentary environment, reservoir thickness, sealing characteristics, and gas-bearing characteristics were studied. Combined with the drilling and gas logging data from Niaoshan well 1 in the study area, the co-exploration potential of coalbed methane and tight sandstone gas(“two gases”) in Hegang basin was evaluated. The results showed that the main thick coal seams in Hegang Basin are located in stratigraphic sequence Ⅱ(that is, the upper part of Chengzihe Formation), and the sedimentary system is dominated by fluvial-upper delta plain, which is a favorable facies zone for the formation of coal measures source rocks and tight sandstone. The distribution of coal seams in the coal-bearing strata of Chengzihe Formation is stable, the cumulative thickness ranges from 30 m to 75.99 m, and the cumulative thickness of tight sandstone strata ranges from 9 m to 43.03 m. Coal seams and sandstone strata overlap and coalbed methane and tight sandstone gas are superimposed to form reservoirs. The results of gas logging in Niaoshan well 1 show that there are abnormal high values of total hydrocarbon in both coal seam and tight sandstone.