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本研究在探究國小低年級跨領域素養導向美感課程「身高樹」之實施歷程、困境、解決策略及實施成效。研究者以翰林版國小二級國語教材結合自編美感課程教材做為跨領域美感課程，以 TSING 國小 2 年級學生為對象，進行為期 6 個月的課程實踐，將課程設計理念及實踐經驗視為作品，辨析其美感性質。透過學生學習檔案、課程觀察紀錄、回饋單、省思札記、跨領域美感教學課程檢核表等，取得質性研究資料，進行分析與討論。本研究主要發現如下：一、以跨域統整架構情境化的課程，透過滾動式修正，可發展素養導向美感課程。二、跨領域素養導向教學美感課程發展時可透過教師營造生活美感體驗機會、小組合作、正向鼓勵、典範學習等進行有機整合，解決教學時數問題。三、跨領域素養導向美感課程「身高樹」，利用校園空間營造美學教育，探索體驗，增加學生對環境美的感知能力，能有效提升低年級學生學習興趣及成效。四、參與專業社群、增能研習等歷程，透過社群專業對話，認識核心素養，並進行課程實踐歷程探究，建立分享機制，與夥伴共同進行教學改良與精進，亦可促進教師專業成長。 This study investigates the implementation process, challenges, solutions, and impacts of the “Height Measurement on The Tree,” a cross-disciplinary and competency-oriented aesthetic program designed for junior elementary school students. The researcher designed this cross-disciplinary aesthetic course by integrating the Hanlin version of the second-grade Chinese textbook with a self-compiled aesthetic course textbook and conducted a six-month teaching session with a group of second-grade Tsing primary school students. This study examines their aesthetic nature by treating the course design and practical experience as works of art. Qualitative research data were collected from students’ learning files, class observation records, feedback sheets, reflection notes, and cross-disciplinary aesthetic teaching curriculum checklists. Based on the analysis and discussion of the data, this study reaches the following conclusions: 1. A cross-disciplinary, contextually adapted course framework with iterative corrections can facilitate the development of cross-disciplinary and competency-oriented aesthetic courses. 2. The issue of limited teaching hours can be addressed through the organic integration of courses, which includes creating an aesthetic experience of life, fostering group collaboration, providing positive reinforcement, and promoting model-based learning. 3. Participation in the “Height Measurement on The Tree,” a cross-disciplinary and competency-oriented aesthetic program, significantly enhances junior students' learning interest and improves learning outcomes 4. Teachers can advance their professional growth by engaging in professional communities and participating in enhanced programs. Effective course design can overcome the limitations related to scheduling and disciplinary constraints, aligning with actual learning contexts. Teachers can learn to integrate multimedia into their teaching by strengthening their expertise in art. By exploring the teaching process and establishing mechanisms for sharing, more educators can recognize the potential of a new curriculum. Administrators should consider a broader range of feedback to improve the curriculum.

推特上不乏使用者貼出描述心情的各式推文，分析這些推文，可協助瞭解個體的心理狀態，對促進大眾心理健康的研究將有所助益。本研究擬對推文中關於心理健康素養方面的簡短文本，進行自動分類。使用包括傳統機器學習以及BERT、SetFit、GPT-3、 GPT-4 等人工智慧的技術，將其自動分類到五個面向中的11個題項，每個題項都有五個相關強度分數。期望在有限的人工標記的訓練資料下，機器預測的成效要到0.8以上，達到機器有效協助心理健康研究的目的。研究結果顯示使用SetFit 進行自動分類，多數題項都能達到MacroF1約0.8的標準，只有兩個題項成效在0.65左 右。本研究的貢獻之一，在呈現並比較多種自然語言處理派典，在這些困難任務中，其文字理解與分析上的成效。 Users on Twitter often post various tweets describing their moods. Analyzing these tweets can aid in understanding an individual’s psychological state, which will be beneficial to research aimed at promoting public mental health. This study intends to perform automatic classification on tweets related to mental health literacy. Techniques including traditional machine learning as well as AI technologies like BERT, SetFit, GPT-3, and GPT-4 are used to automatically classify them into 11 items across five dimensions, with each item having five related intensity scores. The goal is to achieve a machine prediction effectiveness of over 0.8 with limited human-annotated training data, to ensure the machine can effectively assist in mental health research. The results show that using SetFit, most items can achieve a Macro F1 score of about 0.8, with only two items scoring around 0.65. T he contribution of this study lies in presenting and comparing the effectiveness of various natural language processing paradigms in text comprehension and analysis on these difficult tasks.

To address the challenges faced in teaching psychology courses, particularly students’ difficulties in understanding the key concepts of psychology and applying psychological knowledge to their lives, this study employed action research to examine the experiences and outcomes of university arts students in a cross-disciplinary psychology course engaged in topic-oriented learning integrated with educational drama. The study involved 38 students enrolled in a general psychology course at the university of the Arts. This research mainly adopted the action research method to tackle practical teaching challenges. A range of data was collected for analysis, including 18 teacher reflections, 268 individual classroom experience is more precise in academic reporting, 30 group history files, and transcripts from 6 focus group interview. Following the course, six groups were visited for 90 minutes each. The research yielded two primary findings: The first pertained to the process of learning psychology knowledge, highlighting two major themes: “fusion” of personal life experience and psychology knowledge—encompassing understanding and application; and “transformation” of psychology knowledge in plot creation—focusing on analysis and generalization. The second finding concerned the effectiveness of project-based interdisciplinary curricula, emphasizing aspects such as “Ease of Communication and Adaptive Negotiation”, “Empathetic Dialogue and Tolerance of Differences”, and “Unified Cooperation and Achievement of Goals.” Based on these findings, specific recommendations were formulated. A notable contribution of this research was the demonstration of was an 18-week “Psychology” course as a model of “intentional” interdisciplinary curriculum. When designing interdisciplinary curricula, it was crucial to consider the learners’ prior knowledge and learning styles. The benefits of project-based interdisciplinary curriculum learning include gains beyond knowledge acquisition, such as the ability among partners to communicate and negotiate, engage in dialogue and tolerate, as well as to cooperate and achieve goals.

資訊隱私權是現代人生活中重要權利之一，高等教育階段學生對資訊隱私之個人資料保護法（簡稱個資法）的理解程度，是落實此權利之基礎。本研究設計情境案例問卷，蒐集到745 位高等教育學生對個資法理解之情形，結果顯示：1. 高度理解部分為「通知義務」。2. 中度理解是關於公務機關之定義，以及委託者負擔損害賠償責任。3. 低度理解是(1) 死亡者個人資料不受個資法保護；(2) 個人資料之定義；(3) 蒐集事項之告知；(4) 對特種個人資料之蒐集；(5) 非公務機關負擔損害賠償之要件；(6) 不適用個資法之兩種情況。至於對一般個人資料之蒐集，視實際具體情況為低度或中度理解。上述研究發現，可作為大專校院對學生個資法教育之參酌。 Information privacy is one of the important rights in modern people’s lives, and the level of understanding regarding information privacy in the Personal Data Protection Act (hereinafter referred to as the PDPA) by students at the higher education stage (that is, at the university level or above) is the basis for exercising the right. To explore students' understanding of the PDPA, the researcher distributed the “PDPA situational-case questionnaire,” and collected responses from 745 students. Results of the analysis stated that, firstly, the students have a high level of understanding in terms of “notification obligation”. Secondly, students possess a moderate understanding of the definition of government agency and the liability of the commissioning agency for damages. Lastly, students have a low level understanding in the following concepts: 1. the personal data of the deceased are not protected by the PDPA; 2. Definition of personal data; 3. Notification of collection matters; 4. Collection of special personal data; 5. The condition for a non-government agency shall be liable for the damages; 6. Two situations where the PDPA is not applicable. In addition, students have a low or moderate understanding of the collection, processing and use of general personal data, depending on the actual situation. Results of the study can be used as a reference for colleges and universities in the development of PDPA courses.

The coupling inductance parameters of motor simulator have a great influence on the system performance, however, there is limited detailed analysis and research of their parameter selection. This paper proposes a method for quickly selecting inductance parameters. Firstly, an approximate selection range of inductance parameters is calculated through theoretical analysis.Then, the system controller design is analyzed and verified by simulation on a certain type of motor. The optimal inductance parameter is selected in consideration of the range of calculation parameters and simulation results. Finally, the influence of different switching frequencies on the system current errors is studied under the selected inductance parameters. This approach to quickly select switching frequencies was simulated. The simulation and analysis results show that, a switching frequency of the simulator reaching 10-20 times that of the tested converter can guarantee current errors less than 5% in the speed range, provided that decoupling inductance parameters are reasonably selected.

This study aims to explore the publishing policies and submission guidelines of 110 academic journals covered in the Taiwan Social Sciences Citation Index (TSSCI) during 2018 and 2019. Using document analysis, information regarding academic ethics and copyright are analyzed. The results indicate that most of the journals emphasize manuscript originality. In addition, about 40% of journals clearly indicates that authors are obliged to avoid plagiarism and provide proper and accurate citation. Less than 30% of journals specifically state the obligations and responsibilities of scholarly authors. More than 40% of journals set up regulations for co-authorship. Less than 30% of journals clearly state that authors need to make a conflict-of-interest disclosure. Still a few journals use vague or imprecise legal terms in their policies. Based on the results, this study further provides practical advice in academic publishing. Specific suggestions include providing complete submission instructions and revising them in a timely manner, reviewing journal publishing ethics and operating policy to keep in line with international practices, and formulating regulations in response to the various scholarship and journal publishing movements.(Article content in Chinese with English extended abstract)

現行公立大學教師之人事管理自1992年大法官會議釋字第308號解釋始明確界定公教分途原則，即公立學校教師不屬於《公務員服務法》所稱之公務員，惟兼任學校行政職務之教師，就其兼任之行政職務，則有《公務員服務法》之適用。然而本質上，教研工作較強調興利、創意與彈性，行政公務則較著重防弊、控管與安全，過度管制可能影響高等教育的全球競爭力，也可能影響教師兼任行政職務的意願。本研究聚焦於針對公立大學兼任行政職務教師的「校外兼職管理」進行評估。透過立意抽樣16所大學人事室實施半結構式問卷調查、深度訪談10位大學校長與一級主管，以分析兼任行政職務教師校外兼職問題評估，並分別透過批判系統啟發法的三個面向：範圍評斷、應然面與實然面加以分析，呈現有關問題與論辯。 本研究發現兼任行政職務教師較常出現爭議的兼職類型為「營利事業機構或團體」與「非營利事業機構或團體」，為提升國際化及競爭力，大學教師應藉專業和產業連結，善盡社會責任與貢獻國家。因此建議校外兼職應逐步授權學校建立規範與管理，且根據行政職務與兼職行為之相關性，亦應研議適度放寬管理規範。 At present, human resource management of public university teachers in Taiwan is mainly based on the University Act, the Teachers’ Act, and the Act of Governing the Appointment of Educators. Since 1992, interpretation No. 308 of the Grand Justices Council has clearly defined the “distinction between teachers and government employees,” that is, teachers who also work as administrators fall under the jurisdiction of the Civil Servant Work Act. However, teaching and research emphasize profitability, creativity, and flexibility, whereas administrative duties center on prevention, control, and safety. Overregulation of the legal system may affect the competitiveness of universities and the willingness of teachers to assume administrative positions. Furthermore, with regard to the concurrent administrative positions of teachers, one should question whether (1) the rights and obligations of teachers should differ from those of government employees, (2) whether these differences would be appropriate and fair, (3) whether the regulations would be uniformly applied, (4) whether standardization of practice should be applied, and (5) whether the public is concerned with any relevant issues. Unfortunately, related studies differentiating teachers and government employees have adopted a normative focus. This paper intends to further explore the diagnosis and evaluation of these practical problems mentioned above. To strengthen the development of science and technology in the country and promote cooperation between industry and academia, most studies have advocated for relaxing regulations to encourage university teachers to engage in off-campus part-time activities. Some mechanisms, such as the conflict-of-interest avoidance regulations and disclosure, achieve this without being restricted by the Act of Governing the Appointment of Educators and the Civil Servant Work Act. However, a review of existing laws and regulations that govern the rights and obligations of teachers who hold administrative positions under civil service regulations showed that these laws and regulations are strict for teachers who do not also hold administrative positions. If schools establish internal control mechanisms of self-regulation, further planning and consensus building on the specific regulations are required. This study assessed the regulations on off-campus part-time activities undertaken by teachers who hold a concurrent administrative position at a national university. Moreover, this study explored various perspectives to determine the necessity of adjusting legal regulations. Therefore, the critical systems heuristics model was adopted as the analytical framework. This study evaluated the management of off-campus part-time activities by teachers who hold a concurrent administrative position at a national university. Through sampling 16 university personnel office documents and interviewing 10 university presidents and first-level executives, this study analyzed the off-campus part-time activities by teachers holding a concurrent administrative position. The analysis focused on three aspects of the critical system-inspired approach: position judgements, value evaluation, and observation. The results of the survey indicated that teachers often hold an administrative position at a national university to engage in activities on the side. The percentage of comprehensive and technology-based universities where teachers worked at was significantly higher than that of professional schools. The most controversial among these part-time activities which teachers involved is working at for-profit and non-profit organizations and groups. The interviews indicated that the respondents had diverse opinions about the regulations of off-campus part-time activities. The three main positions expressed by the participants were (1) the regulations should be the same as those for government employees, (2) the regulations should be the same as those for non-administrative teachers, and (3) the regulations should depend on the nature of the administrative matters which teachers are in charge. Among them, position 1 had fewer supporters compared with positions 2 and 3.In conclusion, universities rely on teachers to become more global and competitive. Teachers do so by linking their theoretical and practical expertise, fulfilling their social responsibilities, and contributing to society. If teachers are restricted from having a part-time position because of their concurrent administrative position, it may decrease their intention to involve in administrative positions thus hinder the recruitment of exceptional administrative professionals and the development of the university. This paper proposes two recommendations for policy makers: (1) off-campus part-time activities should be gradually authorized in regulations and administration, and (2) the university should appropriately relax regulations based on the relationship between administrative duties and part-time activities.

基因編輯技術（gene editing）是 21 世紀生物科技的重大進展，新育種技術即是運用基因編輯技術，精準誘發基因突變開發新品種，相較傳統的育種技術，更為快速且成本低廉，提升產量緩解糧食不足的危機，對於人類及環境永續發展帶來重大利益，然而，國際間對於基因編輯技術之管理仍未有定論，實則與基因改造生物（genetically modified organisms, GMOs）之管理策略有關，採產品導向模式的國家可能認為無須特別訂定相關管理的政策，而採製程導向模式的國家可能認為應以 GMOs 加以管制。對於 GMOs 一向採取嚴格管制的歐盟，在歐盟法院裁決利用基因編輯技術產生誘變的育種技術仍屬 GMOs，雖為基因編輯技術以及其產品屬性予以定位，卻造成新興科技發展與相關產業的衝擊，引發新一波的基因技術的爭論，歐盟理事會也要求執委會提出一份關於利用基因編輯技術與傳統技術產生誘變的評估報告。未來對於基因編輯技術及其產品之合理管理政策的發展，仍值得持續關注。 Gene editing is a major advancement of biotechnology in the 21st century. Compared with conventional breeding technologies, gene editing technology is more effective and precise. This new breeding technology not only improves the yield and nutritional value of crops, but also offer the resolutions for food security. However, many countries are struggling with the regulatory status of this new technology; one of major concerns is related with the strategies of genetically modified organisms. Some countries, represented by the United States, regulating GM crops on a product-basis, will think that there is no necessity to establish relevant regulation or policies for genome-edited crops; others, including EU member states, adopting process-based GM crop regulations, may regard the products obtained by using gene editing technology as GMOs, and these products should need a more rigorous risk assessment throughout the process of GM crop development. Recently, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that the organisms obtained by using gene editing technology to generate mutations are regarded as GMOs. The ruling marked the next round of the dispute around the genetic engineering in Europe. The European Council requested the European Committee to submit an evaluation report between the new breeding technologies and conventional breeding technologies in this year. In the future, we look forward to the development of reasonable regulation for gene editing technology and its products.

In this study, the researchers would like to explore Taiwanese primary and secondary school teachers’ understanding on the provisions of the Personal Data Protection Act (hereinafter referred to as “PDPA”). A self-developed test, with 17 questions in 7 scenarios, was distributed to 519 primary and secondary school teachers in all regions of Taiwan. Results of the survey stated that, firstly, the teachers surveyed displayed a medium or low level of understanding in terms of areas in which the PDPA is not applicable depending on different circumstances. Secondly, the participating teachers showed a low level of understanding in terms of whether teachers should be held liable for damages if his/her conduct is not gross negligence. Moreover, the teachers surveyed manifested a medium level of understanding in terms of the scope of government agencies, liability for damages of the commissioning agency and the commissioned agency, the collection of special category personal data, and the conditions for exemption of damages from government agencies. Finally, the teachers in the survey demonstrated a high level of understanding in the following aspects: protected objects; the collection, processing and use of general personal data; notification obligation; the liability for damages (e.g., the teacher’s conduct of gross negligence, the school’s practice of assigning dedicated personnel to implement security measures for personal data protection); requested circumstances where it is impossible to estimate the amount of damages. The results of this study can be used as reference materials for school teacher workshops or for learning content development.

All researchers involved in scientific inquiries have an obligation to follow the norms regarding academic ethics to ensure the quality of their research and to gain trust from the public. As the primary funding agency in the Taiwanese government, the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST) has published various academic ethics-related regulations and policies. The MOST also irregularly releases case summaries of academic ethics violations. However, whether Taiwanese researchers fully understand the academic ethics related rules and policies of the MOST remains debatable. In this vein, the present study adopts a survey method, inviting five experts of academic ethics and 232 local researchers (i.e., principal investigators [PIs] of MOST-funded research projects) to explore their (mis)understanding regarding the topics of plagiarism, improper citations, and self-plagiarism through case scenarios. The current results suggest that the participants (both the experts and PIs) do not seem to understand the definitions of the three topics above fully; they also hold different opinions on the credit attributions between advisors’ funded research and students’ dissertations. In conclusion, the results of this study are expected to be used as references for the amendment of current academic ethics-related regulations and policies of the MOST as well as local universities and colleges and research institutions.

An unpredictable emergency situation might happen due to the adverse reaction to psychoactive drug plus physiological disease problems. When a first aid incident occurs, psychiatry nurses who are inexperienced and lack confidence might have impared judgements and inefficient division of labor, which can contribute to an issue of first aid. The current analysis confirmed that task assignment is not specific, a lack of recognition of the accurate position of the first aid cart materials and standard operation procedure, and that the education training is deficient. Moreover, the restrictions of the first aid environment is also related to first aid results. This project defined the division of task assignment, developed first aid cart material pairing software, revised standard operation procedure, and conducted first aid simulation training classes. Results indicated a rise in the accuracy of first aid procedure from 63.7% to 95.6%, and the first aid procedure cognition rose from 64.89% to 92.12%. Additionally, the project increased the awareness of first aid procedure, self-confidence, and brought the team together to reduce the misstep of first aid procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

在臺灣，「地理」學科在十二年國民基本教育新課綱的課程變革之中，從單一學科持續再脈絡化為社會學習領域的內容之一，並轉向重視學科本身對學生能力培養的實用性。本研究採Blin提出的教師專業認同對話與引導模 型為架構，針對七位高雄市國中地理教師進行深度訪談，理解國中地理教師如何連結主體與學科專業以形塑專業認同。研究發現：一、地理教師以「地理教師」、「行政教師」及「班級導師」三個身分在「地理學科」專業認同與「教師」專業認同兩個認同主軸中切換與疊合；二、以教材轉化為愛鄉愛土、關愛世界的社會再現架構，地圖、實察是為地理學科重要的知識技能； 三、在課程變革下，地理教師專業認同為動態調節過程，且受結構性影響與學校職場文化箝制甚多。 In the changes to Taiwan’s 12-year basic education curriculum, geography has continued to be recontextualized from a single discipline into a field of social learning, and attention has turned to the practical benefits of this subject in cultivating students’ abilities. This paper adopted the teacher’s professional identity dialogue and guidance model as its framework, conducting in-depth interviews with seven geography teachers in Kaohsiung City. The first finding of the study was that geography teachers switch between three overlapping categories (geography teacher, administrative teacher, class teacher) within two core identities – a “professional geographer identity” and a “professional teacher identity”. Second, the study found that textbooks can be transformed into a framework for reconstruction of a society that cares about the world, and that maps and observations are important aspects of the knowledge and skills of geography. Third, it was found that in the process of curriculum change, the professional identity of geography teachers is a process of dynamic adjustment, which is greatly affected by structural influences and the workplace culture of the school.

This study examines middle school teachers’ experiences of learning standards-based unit design. Ten middle school teachers who received a series of four-day 32-hour three-stage workshops on standards-based unit design participated in the study. The collected data for this study includes field notes, informal conversations, learning reflections, lesson designs, and semi-structured individual interviews. Results indicate that the teachers valued the importance of deconstructing standards, which helped them break the tradition of teaching by the textbooks. This first learning stage was filled with agony but they walked away with a sense of achievement. In the stage of designing learning assessments, the teachers were convinced that performance assignments promote students’ learning motivation, positive learning outcomes, and help evaluate the attainment of learning objectives. The difficulty level of performance assignment design is determined by the attributes of each subject. Furthermore, they believed that rubrics are objective and effective student learning data collection tools. In the stage of developing learning activities, the teachers were ascertained that learning activities designs should tie closely with standards and that developing learning activities was the easiest stage. Finally, this study recommends that in addition to teachers’ professional development, pre-service teachers need training on standards-based curriculum design to fulfill the curricular expectations of the Twelve-Year Basic Education.

Patients in the rehabilitation department need long-term care, and providing long-term care services can help the quality of home care and reduce the anxiety and burden of caregivers. In 2019, only 19.5% of patients discharged from the rehabilitation department used long-term care services. Through the investigation of the current situation, it was found that the nurses had low awareness of the content of long-term care services, did not actively provide health education guidance, the hospital did not specify the long-term care service process, and there was no long-term care service demand assessment form. The current project was implemented between 2020/2/10 and 2020/10/31. The strategies the project focused on included: the production of long-term care needs assessment forms; the production of long-term care service information cards and reminders; the production of long-term care service QR codes; and participation in long-term care training. The results showed that the rate of patients applying for long-term care services increased from 19.5% to 45.0%. Nurses' awareness of long-term care content increased from 41.4% to 98.4%. This project is a reference for the long-term care service application process for rehabilitation patients, which can improve the quality of care and enable rehabilitation patients to receive continuous care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

本研究旨在瞭解教師專業學習社群信念及其對教學效能之影響。以「教師專業學習社群信念及教學效能問卷」調查金門縣國小共19 所學校，264 位已參與教師專業學習社群之老師之參與信念及其教學效能。並以平均數、標準差、t 考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾 森積差相關及多元迴歸等統計方法進行資料分析。研究結果顯示國小教師對專業學習社群發展具有中高認同度，因「教育程度」、「現任職務」不同，而有顯著差異。對其教學效能表現為高度認同，因「服務年資」、「參加社群年資」不同，而有顯著差異。此 外教師專業學習社群信念與其教學效能之間呈正相關。且教師專業學習社群信念對教學效能具有正向的預測力。本研究分別對教育行政機關及學校行政提出具體建議。 This study aimed to explore teachers’ beliefs about professional learning communities (PLCs) and how these affect their teaching efficacy. The research data were collected by means of a questionnaire from 264 teachers participating in professional learning communities in 19 schools in Kinmen County. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the teachers’ opinions of professional learning communities in elementary schools in Kinmen County were in the range of medium to high. Significant differences were found in “education level” and “current job position.” Teachers’ efficacy was at a high level, and significant differences were found in “the length of teaching” and “the length of participating in a professional learning community”. In addition, teachers’ perceptions of professional learning communities were positively correlated with their teaching efficacy. Teachers’ beliefs in regard to professional learning communities served as a predictor of their teaching efficacy. Based on the research results, this study proposes some suggestions for the educational administration institutions and schools’ administration, respectively.

This paper discusses the nursing experience of a middle-aged male patient who was diagnosed as having COVID-19 and admitted to the negative pressure room of the intensive care unit due to critical illness from June 13 to 24, 2021. Patient data was collected through interviews, listening, direct contact, and observation, and the study performed an overall assessment of the patient on the basis of Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns. Major health problems included gas exchange disorder, insufficient resilience, and social interaction impairment. The medical team cooperated in using prone position ventilation to improve oxygenation, while providing detailed information and nursing measures to positively address the disease treatment process and enhance the patient's resilience. Patients and their families are encouraged to join the care plan and provided with adequate information and individual nursing measures during the treatment. During the nursing period, protective equipment covers medical staff's expressions, which inhibits the development of doctor-patient relationship. To compensate for this issue it is recommended to mark the name on the isolation gown and interact with the patient in an enthusiastic manner. In this regard, patients can regain love and hope, finding inner strength and improving resilience, and hence enhancing the quality of care for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a migrant worker with schizophrenia including auditory hallucinations and violent behavior. The worker had returned to Taiwan to quarantine and accept medical treatment. The nursing period was from December 16th, 2020 to January 27th, 2021. The author collect data through case history and discussion which was analyzed with five perspectives of psychiatry, and confirmed nursing problems involving a deficiency in self-care, resistance to following instructions, violent behavior, and perceptual alterations. Given the case was in quarantine, and the nature of the disease, an across-team cooperative nursing plan was started. For instance, insure the cleanliness of the body, comply to quarantine measures, build up therapeutic relationship with the case and provide a safe environment to avoid violence, escape, and any problem situations. Additionally, an attempt was made to teach the case to observe mental states to help separate reality and hallucinations to cope with auditory hallucination. Thus, patient education in Filipino was given to increase medicine-taking obedience. Finally, in order to continue the medical treatment after return to Philippines, video calls was made to contact the case's brother in Philippines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

本研究分別以兩個研究解析不同年資教師於說故事時，手勢表徵的意義類別，以及手勢教學影片對幼兒在詞彙理解的影響。研究一以錄影分析的方法，探討8 位新手教師與8 位資深教師說故事時的手勢行為。結果發現，教師說故事時的手勢以描述故事內容、詞彙的語意提取性質居多；不同年資的教師於表徵故事內容的手勢次數並未有顯著差異的存在；於師生互動的手勢次數，則有顯著的差異存在。研究二分析不同年資教師的教學影片對幼兒詞彙理解的效果研究，以臺東3 所公立幼兒園大班67 位幼兒為對象進行實驗。結果顯示，資深教師的手勢教學影片對幼兒理解衍生性質的詞彙有顯著的效果。文中對未來相關研究及教師的教學手勢提出討論與建議。 This study examined the types and levels of gestures that teachers with different levels of experience used during storytelling, and investigated how these gestures affected the vocabulary understanding of children. In Study 1, the gestures of eight junior and eight senior teachers during storytelling were recorded and evaluated using the method of video analysis. The results showed that the gestures of teachers carried descriptive or semantic information related to the story. No frequency differences on gesture use were observed between junior and senior teachers to represent the story content. However, substantial differences between junior and senior teachers were observed regarding teacher-student interaction. The purpose of Study 2 was to determine whether children who watched different video clips, recorded by teachers with different levels of experience, exhibited different levels of vocabulary understanding. Sixty-seven kindergarteners in Taitung, Taiwan participated in the experiment. The results indicated that children who watched the video clip that was recorded by the senior teachers outperformed those who watched the video clip that was recorded by the junior teachers. This paper discusses implications for future research and education.

關鍵字廣告服務的模式多樣而複雜，於歐美已引起諸多商標法爭議。本文深入分析美國Rescuecom 案及歐盟L’Oréal 案的相關爭議與實務見解。在涉及關鍵字廣告的商標權侵害爭議中，侵權行為人可能為搜尋引擎經營者、線上市場經營者，或是透過網路販賣帶有他人商標的商品之人。就侵權行為態樣與對應之法律責任而言，侵權行為人可能必須獨立負擔主要侵權人的責任，或與其他侵權行為人連帶負共同侵權的責任，或負擔幫助行為的責任。欲認定侵害商標權之人須負擔何種責任，須檢視其行為是否符合特定侵權行為的要件。就歐美商標法制的要件而言，以下兩項至為重要：「是否未經授權即就他人商標為商業上之使用」以及「是否有混淆誤認之虞」，其中又以涉及第一項要件的判斷最為困難。具體來說，於本文所探討兩件案例中，搜尋引擎經營者和線上市場經營者是否確有「於商業上使用他人商標」的行為，係相關爭議中的核心問題。 The rapid development of online keyword advertising has triggered a series of trade mark disputes in the United States and Europe. This Article analyses the legal disputes concerning the unauthorised use of trade marks in the keyword advertisements, in particular those in Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc. in 2009 and in L’Oréal SA & Ors v. eBay International AG & Ors in 2011. As to the trade mark infringements regarding keyword advertisements, those sued by trademark owners include search engine operators, online marketplace operators, and those involved in promoting online sales of products bearing signs identical or similar to third party trade marks. As regards the types of infringement concerned, those who make unauthorised use of trade marks may be held responsible for primary infringement in certain circumstances, and in the others, the infringers may be held responsible for joint torfeasorship or contributory infringement. As to what constitutes trade mark infringement, the key standards include “use in commerce (or in the course of trade)” and “likelihood of confusion”, which can be found in the US law and in the EU trade mark regime. This Article focuses its attention on the issues concerning the first standard, which have proved to be extremely controversial as far as the Rescuecom and L’Oréal cases are concerned.

本研究發現，首先，歐洲法院未能於歐盟微軟案的判決中有效證明，微軟已然破壞工作群組伺服器作業系統市場與串流媒體播放器市場的競爭秩序。該判決已對電腦軟體製造商造成極大的負面影響，大幅降低廠商競逐歐洲市場領導地位的誘因。長此以往，若多數的高科技企業，皆憂心優異的經營績效可能招致濫用獨占地位的處罰，因而放棄爭取市場龍頭的意願，則此發展顯非高科技產業與消費者之福。其次，此案判決不僅未能鼓勵微軟的競爭對手積極從事電腦軟體的研發工作，與微軟競逐市場占有率，反而可能強化 競爭對手「坐收漁翁之利」的心態，以檢舉各個電腦軟體市場領導者作為手段，要脅已取得獨占地位的軟體製造商，就特定的軟體產品進行技術授權。 The Microsoft judgment concern three software markets, namely the markets of client PC operating systems, work group server operating systems, and streaming media players. Microsoft had dominance in the first two markets. Microsoft was found to have been engaged in two abuses. First, Microsoft refused to offer interoperability information to its competitors in the work group server operating systems market. Second, Microsoft tied the sales of the Windows Media Player software to those of the Windows client PC operating systems. This Article has analysed the significant flaws of the reasoning adopted by the Court in the Microsoft judgment. As to the first abuse, it should be emphasised that, first, the “risk doctrine” should not have been employed to judge whether any effective competition was excluded. No clear causal link exists between the refusal of Microsoft and elimination of effective competition on the relevant market. The Court should have, at very least, looked at the market shares that Microsoft had gained, if any, during the years prior to March 2004. Second, the “new product doctrine” developed by the Court is flawed. This doctrine focuses only on whether the refusal of Microsoft would appreciably reduce the incentives of Microsoft’s competitors to develop new products. The Court did not realize that making the interoperability information available to the competitors of Microsoft would reduce Microsoft’s incentives to develop new products. As regards the second abuse, the Court overestimated the effect of the fact that Microsoft offered OEMs, for pre-installation on client PCs, only the version of Windows bundled with Windows Media Player. As to the judgment of whether the competition on the streaming media player market was foreclosed, the Court should have considered whether the tying in question had previously resulted in substantial negative impact, excluding competition on the market. The analysis in this Article indicates that it is doubtful whether Microsoft has diminished the competition on the relevant markets. What is certain is that first, the Microsoft judgment has significantly reduced the economic incentives of software market leaders in Europe. In the circumstances where most successful hightech enterprises refuse to become as successful as they can be, the industry and consumers will eventually suffer. Second, the judgment, most unfortunately, discourages the competitors of Microsoft from competing with this software giant.

Background: The scholarly evidence on the timing and practice of interventional care administered to preterm infants in high-humidity environments is unclear. This makes evaluating the prognosis of preterm infants with comorbidities difficult and means that clinical medical staff lack clear guidelines for care. Purpose: This systematic review was designed to explore the prognostic effects of interventions for comorbidities performed on very low birthweight preterm infants in high humidity environments to provide an empirical basis for developing related clinical-care guidelines. Methods: An electronic database was searched for all relevant documents published between 1930 and September 2021. The keywords used were "premature infants" OR "very low weight premature infants" OR "very low weight premature infants" AND "humidity", and the target groups were premature infants weighing ≤ 1,500 grams or delivered at ≤ 34 weeks of gestation. The timing and practice of interventions in high humidity environments and the occurrence and prognosis of related comorbidities were explored. The main findings cover the issues of body weight, total water intake, electrolytes, urine output, insensitivity water loss, infection, common complications, and mortality in preterm infants. After reviewing the methods, quality, and efficacy of the research in the identified studies, 9 articles were selected for integrated synthesis. Results: Recommendations for the use of high humidity with infants delivered at ≤ 30 weeks of gestation or at birth weights ≤ 1,000 grams were integrated. An environment with a relative humidity of 70%-80% should be used during the first postpartum week and 50%-60% during the second postpartum week. The recommended total duration of use of a high-humidity environment is two weeks to avoid delaying the development of the stratum corneum. Physiological indicators shown to exhibit significant improvement under this regimen include reduced total water intake, increased urine output, and a lower incidence of hypernatremia. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The appropriate timing and practice of high humidity intervention were integrated in this study. It is hoped that this review provides an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for preterm infant care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive care unit (ICU) is designed to care for patients with high disease severity who require critical care and close monitoring. Patients in the ICU may be transferred to the general ward for further treatment following recovery from the acute phase. Transferring from the ICU to the general ward after acute phase recovery is a stressful event that may stress both the patient and their family, potentially resulting in relocation stress syndrome (RSS). RSS has been found to be closely related to unplanned ICU readmissions, prolonged hospitalization, and adverse events, affecting recovery to health and family peace of mind. Furthermore, RSS may result in ineffective disease coping, feelings of uncertainty, and poor treatment response, leading to prolonged hospitalization, reduced trust in medical staff, and decreased happiness and quality of life. In recent years, the nursing profession has attached increasing importance to holistic health care. This has encouraged critical care teams to map out customized relocation plans for patients who are about to be transferred from the ICU that use standardized evaluation tools for transfers and elicit the situation and needs from patients or their family. Through the setting of care goals, shared decision making, and cross-unit support, enhanced communications among the medical team facilitate transition preparation and improve the quality and effect of intensive care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain records provide important data to medical teams to guide their provision of pain management interventions. Incomplete records and records that do not integrate pain data will affect patient safety. Use of information technology helps facilitate communication within the medical team and improve quality of care. Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a pain management information system. Methods: The questionnaire survey method was employed in this study. The system-evaluation questionnaire was designed based on the six dimensions of the information system success model (ISSM), including system quality, information quality, service quality, intention to use, user satisfaction, and net benefits. Three months after the pain management system was implemented, the opinions of 282 nurses from a medical center in central Taiwan were collected. Research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: Of the six dimensions, "information quality" received the highest average score (4.71). The two dimensions of "intention to use" and "user satisfaction" had the highest correlation with "net benefits". "User satisfaction" was found to have the highest predictive power for the "net benefits" of the system, with an explanatory power of about 81.2%. Conclusion: The pain management system considered in this study was shown to provide complete and accurate pain management information, which is an important factor affecting nurses' intention to use and satisfaction. The evaluation results based on the ISSM show the pain management system to be a good information system that generates accurate information and has a high intention-to-use rate and high rate of user satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene editing is a major advancement of biotechnology in the 21st century. Compared with conventional breeding technologies, gene editing technology is more effective and precise. This new breeding technology not only improves the yield and nutritional value of crops, but also offer the resolutions for food security. However, many countries are struggling with the regulatory status of this new technology; one of major concerns is related with the strategies of genetically modified organisms. Some countries, represented by the United States, regulating GM crops on a product-basis, will think that there is no necessity to establish relevant regulation or policies for genome-edited crops; others, including EU member states, adopting process-based GM crop regulations, may regard the products obtained by using gene editing technology as GMOs, and these products should need a more rigorous risk assessment throughout the process of GM crop development. Recently, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that the organisms obtained by using gene editing technology to generate mutations are regarded as GMOs. The ruling marked the next round of the dispute around the genetic engineering in Europe. The European Council requested the European Committee to submit an evaluation report between the new breeding technologies and conventional breeding technologies in this year. In the future, we look forward to the development of reasonable regulation for gene editing technology and its products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the issue of corruption behavior among those public servants has been largely emphasized over the past years after the establishment of Agency Against Corruption (AAC) in 2011, most studies have been conducted on civil engineering officers and police officers. Recently, some significant scandals occurred in corrections indicating that several high-rank correctional officers have been bribed to bring some prohibited items into facilities and arrange inmates' friends and relatives to visit inmates through middlemen. This corruption event impacts the public confidence in the correctional system, as well as the criminal justice system in Taiwan. Although this is a tough issue, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study exploring the causality, behavioral course, and prevention strategies among correctional staff in Taiwan. Using the quantitative method of in-depth interview, six inmates who were correctional officers before incarceration have been invited as interviewees to help researchers understand the characteristics, causes, and history of corruption cases involving correctional officers in Taiwan. Then, this study proposes some specific prevention and control strategies on anticorruption to correctional administrators accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is one of the main causes of death in acute and severe patients. Thus, immediate identification and proper care for sepsis are clinically necessary. The emergency department had 2,331 sepsis cases in 2017. Only 11 cases were treated within 3 hours of arrival at the hospital which may be because the standard operating procedures have not been established and integrated care was lacking. This case report aims to improve the timeliness and care awareness of the emergency sepsis process. The treatment time was up to 4 hours, 21min, 9sec, after investigation and analysis of the current situation. In addition, the correct rate of care awareness was only 62.9%. Thus, the medical team resource management was used to introduce cross-disciplinary cooperation, work specification mechanism, and team communication to achieve consensus, formulate standard operating procedures, promote the treatment time limit to within 3 hours, and improve the cognitive accuracy rate of care to 95%. Interdisciplinary Teamwork not only improves potential problems but also smoothly builds standard processes to shorten operation time, and ultimately improves the quality of patient-centered medical services and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Critical care nurses must often care for patients who are dying and their families. Thus, understanding the self-efficacy and life attitudes of nursing staff in the ICU in response to death is important to the development and provision of relevant education and training. Purpose: This study was designed to explore the self-efficacy of ICU nurses in response to death and related predictive factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional research study. The subjects were 216 nurses in the adult ICU of a medical center in northern Taiwan. The research tools used included the death coping self-efficacy scale and the life attitude scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression. Result: The results showed: 1. In terms of death coping self-efficacy, the mean score was 112.0 ± 14.3, with the highest scoring subscale, hospice care, earning a mean score of 51.1 ± 6.3. In terms of life attitude, the mean score was 128.9 ± 13.8, with the highest scoring subscale, life autonomy, earning a mean score of 24.0 ± 3.2. 2. Nurses with experiences of withdrawal of life support had better coping efficacy (t = 1.94, p = .05) and those with a graduate degree or above earned a better average life attitude score than those educated to the university / junior college level. 3. Age and ICU seniority were found to correlate positively with grief-related coping skills (r = .241-.315), with the lifeattitude subscales of aspiring, life-autonomy, love, and caring showing positive correlations with death coping selfefficacy (r = .138-.482). 4. The predictors found in this study for death coping self-efficacy were age, aspiring, lifeautonomy, love, and caring, with a total explained variance of 30.1% (F = 12.78, p < .001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that education level and having hospice care experience are both significant predictors of life attitude in ICU nurses, which is a factor that is known to affect self-efficacy in response to death. Life attitude and hospice care training programs for ICU nurses should be promoted to foster positive life attitudes and thereby enhance self-efficacy in response to death to improve the quality of intensive clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis and management of sepsis is critical to improving patient prognoses. Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines issued in 2016 encourage health institutions to establish a screening system to identify patients who are at risk of sepsis. In 2012, the Royal College of Physicians in the UK began to advocate replacing local and regional scoring systems with the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), which is optimized for the identification of sepsis. Although many hospitals continue to use other scoring systems, all healthcare organizations are being encouraged to adopt a standardized scoring system to better promote patient safety by facilitating rapid diagnoses and screenings and thus, subsequently, improving decisionmaking by clinical staffs. NEWS plays a very important role in the treatment of sepsis patients. Although research findings related to this scoring system differ somewhat, they provide an important reference for clinical nursing staffs. Intelligent systems are not comprehensive in terms of their capabilities. However, combining human intelligence with system features and further optimizing the system should contribute significantly to the reduction of mortality risk in patients with sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The causes of crimes are complex and diverse. According to previous studies, the occurrence of crimes is related to social and economic factors. This study investigates panel data of 20 cities in Taiwan from 1998 to 2014. In addition, we investigate relationship between three major types of crime rate, including grand total crime, larceny, and violent crime, and income inequality. In this study, we selected Gini coefficient, social and economic variables, and policedetered variables, and used pooled OLS model and fixed effect model to investigate the occurrence of three major types of crime. The empirical results show that the Gini coefficient has a positive correlation with the occurrence rate of grand total crime and has a negative correlation with the occurrence rate of larceny and violent crime. Number of employed persons, per capita policing expenditure and cracked rate of grand total crime have significant negative correlations with the occurrence rate of three major types of crimes. Divorce rate has a significant positive correlation with the occurrence rate of three major types of crimes. According to the pooled OLS model, population density has a significant positive correlation with the occurrence rate of grand total crime; according to the fixed effect model, population density has a negative correlation with the occurrence rate of grand total crime. For both the pooled OLS model and the fixed effect model, population density has significant positive correlations with the occurrence rate of larceny and violent crime. In the pooled OLS model, the police officer to population ratio has a negative correlation with the occurrence rate of violent crime; in the fixed effect model, the police officer to population ratio has a positive correlation with the occurrence rate of violent crime. In both the pooled OLS model and the fixed effect model, the police officer to population ratio has positive correlations with the occurrence rate of grand total crime and larceny. In summary, income inequality, social and economic factors have significant influence with the occurrence of crimes. The results accorded with previous studies. The empirical results can serve as a reference for policy plan of public security and for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid progress in information and communication technologies and the increasing popularity of healthcare-related applications has increased interest in the topic of intelligent medical care. This topic emphasizes the use of information and communication technologies to collect and analyze a variety of data in order to provide physicians and other healthcare professionals with clinical decision support. At present, so-called smart hospitals are the focal point of most intelligent-systems development activity, with little attention currently being focused on long-term care needs. The present article discusses the application of intelligent systems in the field of long-term care, especially in community and home-based models of care. System-implementation components such as the data entry interface components of mobile devices, the data transmission and synchronization components between the mobile device and file server, the data presentation, and the statistics analysis components are also introduced. These components have been used to develop long-term care service-related applications, including home health nursing, home-care services, meals on wheels, and assistive devices rental. We believe that the findings will be useful for the promotion of innovative long-term care services as well as the improvement of healthcare quality and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronary artery bypass surgery has an average recurrence rate of 10 to 20%, which generally results in the need for a reoperation and keeping close track of treatments and unhealthy lifestyle indicators. This situation negatively impacts the quality of life of patients and increases the costs of medical care. Purpose: This paper explores the factors related to the compliance behavior of post-coronary-bypass diabetes patients and develops a model to improve the healthcare and medical compliance of this population. Methods: This cross-sectional study used convenience sampling to recruit diabetes patients who had received coronary artery bypass surgery at one of the largest medical hospitals in northern Taiwan. The 166 participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire that included questions on basic demographics, type of diabetes treatment, cardiovascular health status, and treatment compliance behavior. Results: A total of 34.9% of participants were identified with poor compliance behavior. Most non-compliance behavior began to appear at 1 to 3 years post-surgery. Patients with the best compliance behavior performed the best in the category of diet control followed by medication compliance. Lifestyle change was identified as the least important behavior. The results show that the longer the duration since CABG surgery treatment, the better that treatment compliance behaviors were. The findings also indicate that satisfaction with living environment, length of time since surgery, and the side effects of medication explained the variance in treatment compliance behaviors in participants (F = 4.039, p = .046). Implications for Practice: Healthcare workers should teach family dietary changes and control. Patients should receive education on regular medication and healthy habits. Furthermore, programs that improve living conditions may help patients comply with appropriate behavior therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the Asian financial crisis of 1997 and the scandals at Enron, World Com, and Taiwanese corporations such as Rebar Group, Procomp Informatics Ltd., and Standard Bank, enterprises have gradually recognized the importance of corporate governance. This study explored the variation in credit ratings from the perspective of corporate governance. The subjects of this research were public companies in Taiwan. The sample comprised 6 industries from which 508 firms were collected during the research period of 2004 to 2011. The Ordered Logit regression model was employed to analyse the 6 industries. Ten hypotheses were established according to the research objective, and its validity was discussed. Finally, we employ the Markov chain model to estimate transition matrices, which are used to forecast transition probabilities and default probabilities. The empirical results of this study support the hypothesis that the credit ratings of a company are significantly influenced by the following factors: a high proportion of independent trustees, a high shareholding ratio of institutional investors and selecting the Big Four for auditing services. The results of this study can also provide a reference for financial institutions and regular investors to understand industrial enterprise credit ratings. Furthermore, the transition probability of the subsequent annual ratings for the 6 industries examined in this study can be predicted using the credit rating transition matrix. The results of this study can also provide a reference for financial institutions and investors to invest or lend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Unhealthy oral hygiene seriously impacts both the daily life and the self-esteem of psychiatric patients. Complex interventions improve the oral hygiene and promote the quality of life of these patients. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of a complex care program for oral health and halitosis in a population of chronic psychiatric patients. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental research design. The experimental group (n = 35) received a complex care program for a period of four weeks. The control group (n = 30) received usual care. The complex care program included providing teaching materials and strategies, establishing a supportive care context, and providing regular patient follow-up. The study gathered data using scales that assess the current status of oral health and of halitosis. Scales were implemented before and after the oral care program at weeks 1 and 3. Results: This study found significant improvements in the experimental group in terms of the oral health assessment [F (1.72, 8.01) = 4.91, p < .05]. In addition, the effects of the intervention on oral health lasted for at least 3 weeks after the end of the intervention [F (1.72, 174.82) = 107.13, p < .01]. Conclusions / Implications for Practice: The results support the application of the complex care program developed for this study in psychiatric institutions in order to promote positive oral care in psychiatric patients and to improve their oral hygiene and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Merging and acquisition (M&A) is one of the most important strategies for the development and growth of enterprises. Not only M&A could increase scale, lower cost, expand market shares, but also improves the product diversity and profitability. In order to understand how M&A affects the banks performances among the five countries in East Asia, this study uses the stochastic frontier approach of Battese and Coelli (1995) to compare the different cost efficiencies among the banks of Taiwan, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea. By simultaneously estimating the cost frontier model and cost inefficiency model, we find that, for most countries, the merging banks increase cost efficiency, while the merged banks decrease cost efficiency. By metafrontier approach of Battese et al. (2004), we find that, in term of both technical gap ratio and metafrontier cost efficiency, Taiwan's banks have the highest performance while Singapore Banks are the worst. Comparing the timing, the worst performance us ually happens on the merging year. However, the metafrontier cost efficiency would be increased one year after merged for all five counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Beiyue 北嶽 sacrificial rite was moved to Hunyuan 渾源 by imperial edict in the early Qing dynasty. Textual scholars have debated over whether Quyang 曲陽 was the original location. In the Ming dynasty, there was already much discord over where the Beiyue rite should be located, as exemplified by the legend of the “flying stone of Quyang” and the account naming Hunyuan as the ancient location of the Beiyue rite. However, historical documents clearly tell us that in ancient times the Beiyue rite was performed in Quyang. This begs the question: why did this dislocation occur? How did this rite, sacred to the nation, become merely legend? The majority of past scholars have tended to discuss the process of relocation, but rarely why the rite was moved, or how the account of Hunyuan as the ancient site of the Beiyue rite was constructed; there is still less discussion of the Wuyue 五嶽 rites in the context of China’s state rites, making it difficult to fully grasp the special significance the relocation of the Beiyue rite held for the Ming and Qing imperial courts. Based on Beiyue’s geography and surrounding mythology, this study analyzes how, at a time of tension and unrest during the defense of the Ming dynasty, these conflicting legends became merged into the narrative, and discusses the Ming government’s actual thinking and the destabilizing effect of this constantly changing narrative. This study also re-examines the relocation of the Beiyue rite from the perspective of China’s sacred landscape rites and the unification of Chinese territory. After a series of developments and changing narratives in the government system, how was it that the true location of the ancient rites finally became distorted, and how, despite the internal contradictions and paradoxes, did the historical memory of “ancient Beiyue” gradually come to be constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study extends the Foreclosed House credit scoring system with further five Speculator characteristics, i.e. ｢ debt ratio ｣, ｢ whether the loan's residence and tender object is in different locations ｣ ,｢ the borrower of last three months by other banks because of the number of new mortgage query totaled more than three times ｣ , ｢ the borrower to apply for loans has more than one loan credit ｣ and ｢ the borrower to apply for loans had paid off the mortgages totaled more than three times within three years ｣ , in the logistic regression model to build a dichotomous prediction credit scoring model which can be adopted by financial institutes to prevent default risk of Foreclosed House mortgage loan and improve the quality of risky asset. The empirical results indicate that the overall accurate predict rate of the model with five Speculator characteristics (80.5%) is higher than the model without five Speculator characteristics (91.0%) indicating that characteristics of speculator has the most ability to predict default rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although able to extend the life of some critical patients, advanced medical technology is limited in terms of scope and extent of effectiveness. Some patients die despite the best efforts of medical teams. Medical futility describes treatments that are both extremely unlikely to benefit a patient and costly to provide. Clearly defining futile treatments and considering this concept in patient care strategies is important to provide quality patient care. Taiwan is currently formulating a policy on medical futility. While accepting that the term "futile" is used in many different ways and that this term is difficult to define in clinical practice, this article discusses the various ethical views on medical futility and its definition, the debate among these different views, and related research. We hope this article may help medical care staff better understand the importance of medical futility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore factors in the utilization of an early intervention for children with developmental delays information system, a web-based system accessed from the Internet, in Taoyuan County. Methods: A structured questionnaire was designed and used to survey the users of ECMS (Early Childhood Helthcare Managment Information System) and hierarchical multiple regression analysis was then conducted. A total of 970 questionnaires were sent out and 307 valid questionnaires (32%) were returned. The units that responded most were kindergartens with 126 questionnaires (41.0%), followed by nurseries, 80 (26.1%), medical units, 65 (21.2%), and public health units, 36 (11.7%). Results: Factors in the utilization of the early intervention for children with developmental delays information system were: information use (M=3.94; SD=0.61), user satisfaction (M=4.14; SD=0.62), individual decision-making quality (M=4.16; SD=0.58), and organizational productivity (M=4.15; SD=0.58). Conclusions: When users agree more with the "degree of simplification of administrative processes within the organization", "degree of integration among different professional institutions", "knowledge about sanitary laws and norms", and "knowledge about reward system implementation", they used the system more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teasing and bullying incident levels have increased markedly in recent years according to international news reports. School and community-level action to stop and prevent bullying is a key focus of government education policy worldwide. Teasing is a usual facet of social interaction among youth and is related to bullying behavior. Although teasing and bullying are significant concerns, references for relevant concept analysis are lacking in the nursing field. To facilitate early screening to identify high-risk bullies and help victims effectively stop bullying events, concept analysis is needed to clarify and distinguish between the two concepts of teasing and bullying. The aim of this study is to integrate relevant published literature to determine the reasons for and relationships between teasing and bullying. We chose obesity as an example to construct a teasing and bullying conceptual model for adolescents and used this model to explore the related factors and health impacts of obesity. We found that both teaser intent and recipient perceptions correlated with bullying behavior. Duration and severity may induce teasing to become bullying. Because weight-based teasing is common among adolescents, we chose obesity as an example issue to demonstrate our adolescents teasing and bullying concept model. We then integrated the antecedent and consequential factors of teasing and bullying for obese adolescents. Weight-control strategies can stop school bullying if early interventions are performed in high-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is significant reporting on evidence-based research in the literature regarding lifestyle modification programs. There is a need to review and synthesize results in order to develop childhood obesity prevention and intervention strategy recommendations. Purpose: Main purposes of the present review were to update the systematic review and critical appraisal of recent evidence in this area and assess the efficacy and quality of published research studies. Methods: Studies included in this review incorporated the following inclusion criteria: obese children participants 5 to 14 years of age; a face-to-face randomized-controlled study with a 4-week intervention period; and anthropometry, physical activity, sedentary behavior evaluated as primary outcomes after >6 months. Eleven studies met the 3 inclusion criteria. All were found using the following key word string: RCT or CCT interventional study researches, childhood obesity, overweight, preventive intervention, healthy lifestyle". Results: Evidence from these studies showed that all interventions varied in terms of approach and settings. Most provided a healthy lifestyle program duration of more than 15 minutes per week. Those that included culturally sensitive diet education and 30-60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise everyday significantly enhanced childhood obesity prevention in terms of both anthropometry and dietary habits and decreased sedentary behavior. Conclusions / Implications for Practice: Results suggest that effective healthy lifestyle programs for childhood obesity prevention in Taiwan should provide dietary guidance sensitive to Taiwanese dietary habits, encourage daily physical activities, and decrease sedentary behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: Children in the PICU who are treated for illnesses using intubation are often unable to express their needs effectively. This project first used a self-designed survey to record the researcher's observations and interview data. Results indicated that even with clinical staffs trying their best to understand PICU patient needs, 50% of the patients had unmet demands due to inadequate communication. This unmet demand was a source of negative patient behavior. Purpose: This project developed an appropriate communication system to improve communication efficacy between children and clinical staffs in order to meet patient demands and improve PICU patient outcomes. Resolution: Various types of auxiliary school-aged-children-appropriate communication tools such as picture cards, hand-held communication boards, and magnetic spelling board were used. Using these communication tools together with education and training greatly improved communication efficacy and patient needs provision. Results: Percentage of patient needs met increased from 50% to 98% and the average time clinical staffs needed to spend to understand a patient's needs decreased from 15 to 4 minutes per instance. Conclusions: This project improved relationships and interactions between clinical nurses and school-aged children. The developed auxiliary communication tools may be introduced in the PICU based on the results of this project as an effective approach to improving patient-staff communication and reducing patient-perceived hospitalization stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discussed the nursing experience of a male patient who experienced occupational accident, resulted in fracture in the left tibia and the right greater trochanter, complicated by acute compartment syndrome. The patient experienced several debridement surgeries and faced potential risk of posttraumatic limb amputation, causing physical and psychological double-whammy during the period of hospitalization. During the nursing process from March 22 to April 15, 2010, the author collected health-related information by observation, conversation, listening to the patient, and evaluating the patient through Gordon 11 health functional tools. Four health problems were identified, which included impaired tissue integrity, impaired physical mobility, acute pain, and anxiety. Regarding the physiology of the patient, the following nursing measures were taken: drafting a holistic wound care plan, assisting in the intake of nutrient to promote wound healing, teaching deep breathing exercise and skills to divert attention to reduce the acute pain, and introducing tension bar to encourage physical activities and improve limb movements. Psychologically, the team initiated active care, empathy, confirmed the patient's concerns, and increased the patient's participation in the treatment through detail descriptions by the doctor. As result, the patient's anxiety was successfully relieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tai chi emphasizes gentle, balanced, slow, deep-breathing activity and is widely applied in healthcare and health promotion in elderly populations. Researchers have applied tai chi as an intervention to reduce hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia with unclear results. This article conducts a systematic review of tai chi intervention research with regard to its effectiveness in addressing three risk factors. Purpose: This study conducted a systematic review of reports discussing the blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid effects of tai chi in chronic diseases clients. Method: Researchers searched six electronic databases for relevant articles published between 1990 and May 2011. Data were collected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. A modified Jadad Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the identified articles. Results: Seven studies met our inclusion criteria of targeting middle-aged subjects with chronic diseases. There was a total of 947 participants, with studies ranging from 38-207 participants. The majority of participants were women (six studies with a female ratio of > 50%); participant ages ranged from 51 ± 9.8 to 81.2 ± 6.1; four studies reported that tai chi reduced blood pressure and blood lipid levels; three studies reported that tai chi did not improve blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, or HbA1C. Conclusion: Systematic review results indicate that tai chi interventions have a significant and positive effect on blood pressure and lipid levels but not for blood sugar levels. Larger scale studies with more subjects and longer time periods are necessary to further confirm and illuminate the effects of tai chi and guide the design of effective, empirical-based intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]