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Objective The aim is to utilize CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to construct Dmd gene mutant mice with a point mutation in exon 23 of the Dmd gene. Subsequently, the phenotypic changes of the mice in muscles and immune systems are analyzed and verified, providing an evaluation model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and other related diseases. Methods Based on the sequence characteristics of exon 23 of the Dmd gene, small guide RNA (sgRNA) was designed and synthesized. Cas9 mRNA, sgRNA fragments, and oligo donor DNA were microinjected into fertilized eggs of C57BL/6J mice. After transferring the fertilized eggs to surrogate mice, F0 generation mice were born. After mating with F0 generation mice, offspring mice were obtained, and Dmd gene positive mutant (DmdMu/+) mice were obtained after genotype identification. Male hemizygous DmdMu/+(DmdMu/Y) mice were selected for phenotype validation. The body weight of live 3- and 9-month-old mice were recorded. Muscle tension was evaluated through the grid test. Hearts and semitendinosus muscles were collected, and the histopathological changes were observed using HE staining. Further, the expression of Dmd protein in muscle tissue of 9-month-old mice was analyzed by Western blotting. An acute inflammation model was established in DmdMu/Y mice using lipopolysaccharide induction. Peripheral blood from the submandibular vein was collected, and the changes in the proportion of neutrophils and monocytes were detected by flow cytometry. Results The results of genome sequencing and Western blotting confirmed the successful construction of Dmd gene point mutant mice (DmdMu/+ mice). Dmd protein expression was not detected in skeletal muscle and myocardium of DmdMu/+ mice, and it was significantly reduced compared to wild-type C57BL/6J mice (P

This paper summarized the main contents and matters needing attention in five commonly used teaching models such as problem-based learning, case-based learning, task-based learning, BOPPPS and flipped class model for nursing master’s degree in China. Analysis was made to help selecting appropriate teaching models based on conditions, in order to improve the theoretical basis, clinical practice decision-making ability, innovation ability and other comprehensive strength of nursing students, and cultivate high-quality nursing talents to meet the needs of society. (本研究对护理专业学位硕士研究生常用的基于问题学习教育模式(PBL)、案例教学模式(CBL)、任务驱动的教学模式(TBL)、BOPPPS、翻转课堂5种教学模式主要内容、注意事项进行综述, 以期帮助培养单位结合自身情况选择合适的教学模式, 提升护理专业学位硕士研究生理论基础、临床实践决策能力、创新能力等综合实力, 培养出满足社会需要的高素质护理人才。)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder with no structural damage and biochemical abnormality, and its pathogenic mechanism is still unclear. Variety of drugs, psychotherapy, diet regulation and other methods have been used by modern medicine to relieve symptoms, but the effect is not satisfactory. In recent years, TCM treatment of IBS has attracted widespread attention, especially for constipation type and diarrhea type. Among the many experiments, most of the traditional Chinese medicine experiments aimed at the 5-HT signaling pathway have achieved good results. Therefore, this paper summarizes the main mechanisms and results of traditional Chinese medicine based on 5-HT in the treatment of IBS, in order to provide a reference for subsequent research.

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a disease marked by apnea, hypopnea, decreased oxygen saturation, and disordered sleep structure, which is a major risk for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have found that OSAHS patients have an increased risk of hypertension, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, etc. And these patients have a high prevalence of obvious glucolipid metabolism disorder (GMD) , which plays an important role in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in OSAHS. We reviewed the latest advances in the association of GMD and OSAHS, and the potential pathogenesis of OSAHS-induced GMD and insulin resistance, aiming at providing new ideas for clinical treatment of GMD in OSAHS.

Objective To explore the effect of miR-133a-3p on the apoptosis and inflammatory response of bronchial epithelial cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and its regulatory effect on CD2-associated protein (CD2AP). Methods The bronchial mucosal tissue specimens from 59 children with bronchial asthma were collected as the AsP group and 59 bronchial mucosal tissue specimens from non-asthmatic children with bronchiec- tasis were selected as the NC group. RT-qPCR method was used to detect the expression of miR-133a-3p and CD2AP in the tissues. RSV infected bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) were used to establish a cell injury model (RSV group). miR-NC, miR-133a-3p mimics, si-NC, si-CD2AP, pcDNA-NC, pcDNA-CD2AP, miR-133a-3p mimics and pcDNA-NC, miR-133a-3p mimics and pcDNA-CD2AP were respectively transferred into 16-HBE cells infected with RSV. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of miR-133a-3p and CD2AP in the cells. ELISA was used to detect the level of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1α. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis . The dual luciferase reporter experiment was used to detect the targeting relationship between miR-133a-3p and CD2AP. Western blot method was used to detect the protein expression of cleaved-caspase-3. Results Compared with NC group, the expression of miR-133a-3p in the bronchial mucosa tissue of the AsP group was decreased (P＜0.05), and the expression of CD2AP mRNA was increased (P＜0.05). The expression of miR-133a-3p in RSV-infected 16-HBE cells was decreased (P＜0.05), and the expression level of CD2AP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1α was increased (P＜0.05), the apoptosis rate and the protein level of cleaved-caspase-3 were increased(P＜0.05). Transfection of miR-133a-3p mimics or transfection of si-CD2AP into RSV-infected 16-HBE cells significantly reduced the level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, the apoptosis rate and the protein level of cleaved-caspase-3 (P＜0.05). The dual luciferase report experiment confirmed that CD2AP was the target gene of miR-133a-3p. Co-transfection of miR-133a-3p mimics and pcDNA-CD2AP significantly reversed the effects of miR-133a-3p mimics transfection on 16-HBE cell apoptosis and inflammation. Conclusions The over-expression of miR-133a-3p inhibits the inflammatory response and apoptosis of RSV-infected bronchial epithelial cells by negatively regulating the expression of CD2AP and thereby reducing cell damage.

Objective To explore whether osteosarcoma cells can escape from cell senescence and reproduce, and to evaluate the oncogenic ability of senescent-escaped cells. To explain the mechanism of osteosarcoma recurrence from a new perspective. Methods Doxorubicin (DOX) was used to develop aging model of U2OS and MG63. Cell senescence was detected by SA-Gal staining and senescence-related molecules were detected by Western blot. The cells were replaced with DOX-free medium and cultured for 75 days. Cell proliferation and escape rate were measured by cell counting. Then they were divided into three groups: parent cell,senescent cell,escaped-senescence cell. Agarose cloning assay was used to detect cloning formation and nude mice tumorigenicity test was used to detect tumorigenicity. Results In DOX-induced U2OS or MG63 cells, senescence specific marker SA-β-Gal positive cells emerged 2-day after stimulation and reached the plateau on day 4 with more than 90% SA-β-Gal-positive cells. Effects of DOX on the activities of other SIPS-related regulators in OS cells were also measured at protein level and the expression of senescent regulators p-p53, p-Rb, and p-γ-H2AX were all increased significantly. Senescent OS cells were cultured in medium without DOX. The numbers of cells kept unchanged until day 75 and then began to increase (one-millionth of the escape rate). The reproducing cells gained even higher tumorigenic capability. Conclusions The senescent osteosarcoma cells escape from senescence and gain even higher tumorigenic capability to form new colonies eventually in recurrent tumor.

Objective: A method for determining the residues of 30 antiparasitic drugs in animal-derived food using ultrahigh- performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. Methods: The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and 1% ammonia acetic ether and purified by QuEChERS. After purification, Waters ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18 column was used for separation, and a gradient elution of 10 mmol/L ammonium formate (containing 0.1% formic acid) aqueous solution, acetonitrile:methanol (50:50, v:v) was performed as the mobile phase. Detection was carried out using electrospray ionization (ESI) in both positive and negative ion modes using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Matrix-matched external standard quantification was used. Results: Under the optimized conditions, the 30 antiparasitic drugs showed good linearity within their respective linear ranges, with coefficient of determination (r2) greater than 0.99. The recoveries ranged from 70.1% to 111%, and the relative standard deviations were between 0.10% and 9.1% (n=6). The method detection limit ranged from 0.001 to 0.3 μg/kg, and the method quantification limit ranged from 0.004 to 1 μg/kg. Conclusion: The method is sensitive, accurate, and exhibits good repeatability and stability, making it suitable for detecting various antiparasitic drug residues in animal-derived food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the oil-based drilling cuttings derived from the process of shale gas development in southern Sichuan as the research object, the influence of adversity stress of different mass percentages of oil-based cuttings on the growth targets during the growth process of maize were investigated. The growth targets included biomass indexes (such as seed emergence rate, height over land, stem and leaf fresh weight, stem and leaf dry weight, root length, root fresh weight and root dry weight) and physiological indexes of leaf chlorophyll, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. When the mass percentage of oil-based drilling cuttings was 100%, the germination rate of maize was still 86.67%, reflecting the slight influence of oil-based drilling cuttings. The growth of maize seedling under the stress of different mass percentages of oil-based drilling cuttings presented the phenomenon of low concentration promotion and high concentration inhibition. Generally, the differences between various growth indexes were slightly significant (P<0.05). Among them, the plant height and fresh weight of roots in the later period of maize cultivation (30 d) were significantly affected (P<0.001) when the mass percentage of oil-based drilling cuttings was 100% . The oil-based drilling cuttings had significant effect on the mass concentration of chlorophyll and the molar concentrations of H2O2 and MDA in maize leaves (P<0.01) if its mass percentage was ≥50%. With the prolonged planting time and the increasing mass percentage of oil-based drilling cuttings, the mass concentration of chlorophyll in maize leaves decreased, whereas the molar concentrations of H2O2 and MDA in leaves increased. When the mass percentage of oil-based drilling cuttings was 100%, the mass concentration of chlorophyll in the withered yellow leaves was only 0.15 mg·g-1. At the same time, the molar concentrations of H2O2 and MDA were 0.09 nmol·g-1 and 25.91 μmol·g-1, respectively, which were 7.5 and 3.5 times of the blank control group. Therefore, the bio-toxic effects of oil-based drilling cuttings on maize could be demonstrated as the "low concentration promotion and high concentration inhibition". The doping of oil-based drilling cuttings with a low mass percentage concentration (≤25% ) had little effect on the growth of maize, which offers the possibility of using biodegradation and crops to repair the oil-based drilling cuttings derived from the process of shale gas development. Meanwhile, it also provides a certain theoretical support for realizing the crop reclamation on the platform of shale gas development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functions and characteristics of current IOV(Internet of vehicles) Internet of vehicles were analyzed.Moreover,combined with 5G communication technology,the architecture of IOV for 5G was proposed to imple-ment access and integration of multi-network.Different from the IEEE 802.11p based architecture of VANET,de-vice-to-device (D2D) technology was introduced to achieve flexible terminals communication of IOV.In comparing with VANET based on IEEE 802.11p in terms of key technology parameters,the IOV for 5G possesses the better characteristics in terms of low latency and efficient spectrum utilization,and also need to face new interference management and security challenges.At the end,the application and development trends of IOV for 5G in the busi-ness and the specific environment were prospected.

Instead of focusing on concrete security requirements of each IOV applying scenario,the architecture characteristics of the IOV networking systems were summarized,and the main security problems were extracted by analyzing the connotation and network architecture of IOV in different development stages.Then an identity authen-tication based three-tier security architecture over the clearly analyzed concept and structure was proposed,and the related IOV security research with the view of the presented three-tier security architecture were surveyed.Finally,some new developments and progresses over security of IOV were presented.

Based on Mednick's remote association theory, CRAT by Ren chunhui and her colleagues from Taiwan, China and The Chinese Common Words Frequency Table by Beijing Language and Culture University, Chinese Remote Association Test suitable for the language habits of the mainland students was developed. Based on the difficulty and discrimination parameters in the pretest, the quality items were selected and used to test the screening samples together with New Creativity Test by Wu jingji et al. The results showed that Chinese Remote Association Test has a quite good internal consistency, with its Cronbach's a being 0. 734, and the test has a good criterion validity, with remarkable correlations to New Creativity Test in fluency, flexibility and originality. Chinese Remote Association Test has been used in university independent recruitment examinations and performed satisfactorily as a screening instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To learn the change of disease spectrum in rural areas since the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS) was performed in 2005, so as to provide the scientific basis for improving and maximizing the benefit of rural residents. Method The basic data of the inpatients under NRCMS in Yuxi during 2005-2012 were collected, and were analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0. Results There were 248670 inpatients under NRCMS in Yuxi during 2005-2012, the top three diseases accounted for 63.70% of all cases, they were urogenital system diseases (58495 cases, 23.52%), respiratory system disease (57849cases, 23.26%), injury and poisoning (42073cases, 16.92%) . The proportion of digestive system diseases stably kept between 10.99% and 12.70%. Besides, the proportions of six diseases were on the rise, they were respiratory system diseases, heart disease, malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, endocrine and metabolic diseases, nervous system disease, and the proportions of urogenital system diseases and injury and poisoning were declining, in addition, the proportion of infectious diseases kept stably at 2.00% except 2010 in which the proportion was on the rise. Conclusion The research of disease spectrum of inpatients under NRCMS in rural areas may provide reference basis for scientific policy-making of NRCMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To minimize the terminal energy consumption under spectral efficiency constraints and to maximize the system spectral efficiency under energy consumption constraints, two relay selection algorithms are presented respectively for OFDMA cellular relaying networks, in which the load balancing solution is integrated. Firstly, multi-cell non-cooperative power allocation game framework via pricing is introduced into the relaying networks to obtain the power-utility pair of hops. Then the power-utility pair of each route can be achieved by combining its hops. Finally, the best route is chosen by different optimization objectives under the framework of power-utility tradeoffs. Simulation results verify that the two presented relay selection algorithms perform more advantages depending on the desired power-utility tradeoff rather than the SINR-based relay selection algorithm respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe clinical efficacy and safety of shensong yangxin capsule combined with metoprolol therapy in patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency and rapid arrhythmia. Methods A total of 120 impatients received from August 2011 to February 2013 in this hospital were diagnosed chronic cardiac insufficiency and rapidity of arrhythmia and randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group, 60 of each group.The both groups were given the conventional treatments such as cardiotonics and diuretics. In addition, the treatment group were given shensong yangxin capsule combined with metoprolo orally, while the control group with metoprolol in routine. Followed up for 6 months, the clinic efficacy, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and complications of the two groups were compared. Results After 4-week treatment, the standard time of ventricular rate [(7.5±2.3 )d] in the treatment group was superior to that of the control group [(15.0±3.5)d]. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The times of 24-hour oventricular premature beat in the treatment group [(105.7±12.3 )times]were significantly less than that in the control group [(276.5±16.2)times]. The difference was statistically significant (H<0.05), After 6-month treatment, the treatment group was more excellent in EF values (44.7±8.6)B, 6-minute walk testing(51 cases over 150 m)than those of the control group[(39.2±8.2)B, 35 cases over 150 m]. The difference was statistically significant (H<0.05). there was no statistically significant difference between them in major events such as cardiac complications (H>0.05). Conclusion Shensong yangxin capsule in combination with metoprolol on chronic cardiac insufficiency and type rapid arrhythmia patients is one of effective clinical treatments, whose efficacy is better significantly than sole metoprolol, being worthy to further clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the interaction between beams and slab of the cast-in-situ reinforced concrete floor structure, two kinds of lattice two-way slabs which are at the centre and edge of the floor were tested step by step under the uniformly distributed load. Development of cracks on slab, beam and column was observed. The load-deflection curves of the beam, slab and the load-strain curves of steel bars in the beam, column and slab were analyzed. The bending moments of slab under the uniformly distributed loads calculated by the elastic theory, the equivalent-frame method and the limit theory were compared with the experimental results respectively. Based on the resuhs of experiments and analysis, the interaction between beam and slab of the cast-in-situ reinforced concrete floor structure was studied. The results show that both two kinds of lattice two-way slabs experience the beam-slab failure; the two-way slab moment at the critical section calculated by the elastic thin plate theory and limit analysis method for slab failure mode ( ignoring the interaction of beam and slab ) differ significantly from the test result, and the moment obtained by the equivalent-frame method and the limit analysis method for beam-slab failure mode (considering the interaction of beam and slab) match well with the test result. Based on beam-slab failure mode, the ultimate load formulas of these slab structures were proposed, and the value calculated by the proposed formulas conform well to the experimental result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the clinical value of early application of tirofiban in patients with non⁃macrovascular occlusive ischemic stroke beyondtime window. Methods Clinicaldata of90 patients with non⁃macrovascular occlusive ischemic stroke treated beyond time window from April 2017 to April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment, they were dividedinto 2 groups,one group given tirofiban combined with double antibody treatment (treatment group, 50 cases) and another group given double antibody treatment only (control group, 40 cases). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate the neurological status of patients on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day of treatment. On the day of admission and 3 months after treatment, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL) were used to evaluate the neurological recovery and activities of daily living. The occurrence of bleeding and severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count

Under-balanced drilling and under-balanced logging are very important techniques for directly identifying and protecting hydrocarbon reservoirs and enhancing productivity. The wellhead assembly under under-balanced logging is greatly different from that under conventional logging. Therefore, the length of cable electrode for dual laterolog should be reduced to adapt to the wellhead assembly, which causes the deep laterolog responses to drop and cannot truly reflect the reservoir property. The rule of electrode coefficient varying with the cable electrode length under under-balanced conditions has been computed using finite element method, that is, the longer the cable electrode, the smaller the electrode coefficient. The deep laterolog resistivity correction method under under-balanced condition is introduced. Field data examples are used to test the new method and shows that this method is reliable. This method can be used to any length of cable electrode and can be applied to field pretreatment directly. The corrected deep laterolog resistivity can be used in logging interpretation and quantitative hydrocarbon evaluation. Key words: under-balanced logging, hydrocarbon reservoir protection, dual laterolog, electrode coefficient, apparent resistivity correction, finite element method

The occurrence characteristics and ecological risk level of microplastics in the water and sediments of the Anhui section of Huaihe River Basin were analyzed via field sampling, stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), risk index ( H ), and pollution load index (PLI) model. The current situation of microplastics in the water and sediments of the basin was analyzed, and the ecological risk assessment of microplastics was conducted. The results showed that the detection rate of microplastics at each site in the basin was 100%. The average abundance of microplastics in surface water and sediments was (39800±3367) n·m -3 and (5078±447) n·kg -1 , respectively. The average abundance of microplastics in the downstream was higher than that in the upstream and midstream. The particle size of microplastics in water and sediments was primarily 20-150 μm, accounting for 82.96% and 80.77%, respectively. The microplastics were primarily fiber (water 76.05%, sediment 84.53%), film (water 21.83%, sediment 15.43%), and debris (water 2.12%, sediment 0.04%). The microplastics in water and sediments were primarily transparent, accounting for 63.31% and 83.69%, respectively. Polyethylene (65.74% in water and 80.62% in sediment) and polypropylene (18.43% in water and 9.71% in sediment) were the major components of water and sediments. Microplastics were primarily derived from agricultural films, abandoned fishing gear and nets, and artificially abandoned plastic bags in ports. The microplastic risk index ( H ) model assessment revealed that the risk index of some sites was high, and the risk level of microplastics in the Anhui section of Huaihe River Basin was grade II. The pollution load index (PLI) model assessment revealed that the ecological risk of surface water and sediments in the basin was generally low.

This study investigated the effect of guarana on plasma lipid metabolites in obese rats and analyzed its mechanism in the treatment of dyslipidemia in obesity. High-fat diet was used to establish obese rat models, and the therapeutic effect of guarana on obese rats was evaluated by measuring body weight, white fat, liver weight, and lipid content, as well as observing liver histomorphology. Lipid metabolites in plasma of rats in each group were detected by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS lipidomics. The protein expressions of fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, triglyceride synthesis enzyme, carnitine palmitoyltransferase Ⅰ, and acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 in rat liver were detected using Western blot. The results revealed that guarana significantly reduced body weight, white fat, and liver weight of obese rats due to high-fat diet, and alleviated dyslipidemia and liver steatosis. Lipidomics showed that some triglycerides and phospholipids were significantly elevated in the high-fat model group, and part of them was reduced after guarana treatment. Western blot found that guarana inhibited the expression of hepatic fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis-related proteins and increased the expression of fatty acid β-oxidation-related proteins. Abnormalities in triglyceride and phospholipid metabolism are the main characteristics of plasma lipid metabolism in obese rats induced by high-fat diet. Guarana may regulate partial triglyceride and phospholipid metabolism by inhibiting hepatic fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and increasing fatty acid β-oxidation, thereby improving rat obesity and dyslipidemia.

With the method of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis) and excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC), this study analyzed the change in dissolved organic matter (DOM) content and composition in spring and summer of two non-point source urban rivers which had different input intensities. The results indicated that the level of humification and molecular weight of DOM in summer was significantly higher than that in spring in these two rivers ( P <0.01). The PARAFAC model was used to analyze four chemical compositions, including C1 (UVC fulvic-like), C2 (tryptophan-like), C3 (humic-like), and C4 (UVA fulvic-like); furthermore, C1[(31±6)%] and C2[(31±4)%] were the main fluorescent contents of the water. The high non-point source input river had a higher fluorescence intensity of all four PARAFAC components in spring than in summer, contrary to the low non-point source input river. The random forest regression model showed that C3% had the highest sensitivity to the changes in water parameters ( R 2 =0.75, P <0.001) and could be an effective indicator. Additionally, the coverage level of the water surface (Cover) had an essential effect on the prediction of C4% ( P <0.001), and C4% was susceptible to photochemical oxidation. According to the principal component analysis (PCA) and Adonis test, nitrogen and phosphorus were the essential impetuses for the biological process of the river; non-point source inputs and seasonal changes had a significant impact on the urban river ( R 2 =0.775, P <0.001). The contents and compositions of urban river DOM were affected by many essential factors. Non-point source inputs improved the input level of terrestrial humus in the water and promoted the biological process at the same time, dynamically contributing to the changes in the DOM of the water body.

Objective: To study the value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) combined with soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (STREM-1) in the differential diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea and viral diarrhea in children., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 73 children with bacterial infectious diarrhea (bacteria group) and 68 children with viral infectious diarrhea (virus group) who were treated from February 2018 to May 2019. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of serum PCT and STREM-1 for bacterial infectious diarrhea and viral infectious diarrhea., Results: Compared with the virus group, the bacteria group had significantly higher detection rates of fecal red blood cells (79% vs 43%, P<0.05) and pus (51% vs 19%, P<0.05), as well as significantly higher serum levels of PCT and STREM-1 (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that in the differential diagnosis of bacterial infectious diarrhea and viral infectious diarrhea, serum PCT had a cut-off value of 0.97 ng/mL and an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.792, and STREM-1 had a cut-off value of 15.66 ng/mL and an AUC of 0.889. Serum PCT combined with STREM-1 had an AUC of 0.955, which was significantly higher than that of each index alone (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Children with bacterial diarrhea have increased serum levels of PCT and STREM-1 than those with viral diarrhea. Both serum PCT and STREM-1 can be used as the indices for the differential diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea and viral diarrhea in children, and the combined measurement of PCT and STREM-1 can improve the efficiency of differential diagnosis.

Objective: To explore the association of plasma level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) with Framingham risk score in type 2 diabetic patients without vascular diseases., Methdos: This cross-sectional study was conducted among type 2 diabetic patients without vascular diseases recruited from 3 affiliated hospitals of Southern Medical University between March, 2010 and May, 2011, with age- and gender-matched healthy individuals as the control group. The demographic data were collected from all the participants, and the biochemical indexes and plasma levels of AOPPs were examined. The risk of cardiovascular disease in 10 years was assessed for all the participants based on their Framingham risk scores., Results: A total of 112 diabetic patients and 49 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The diabetic patients had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), plasma AOPPs and Framingham risk score but lower high-density lipoprotein level than the control subjects. Spearman correlation analysis showed that plasma level of AOPPs was positively correlated with the Framingham risk score (r=-0.44, P<0.001), and further multiple linear regression analysis suggested that plasma AOPPs level was independently correlated with the Framingham risk score (β0.305, P<0.001)., Conclusion: Type 2 diabetic patients without vascular diseases have significantly higher plasma levels of AOPPs and are at a greater risk of cardiovascular events in 10 years than healthy individuals. Plasma AOPPs are positively correlated with the Framingham risk score, suggesting the value of plasma AOPPs level in predicting the risk of cardiovascular events in these patients.

A method for the determination of 29 imidazoles and their metabolites in pork by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed. The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, and then defatted with n -hexane after concentration of the extracts. The analytes were separated on a C 18 reversed-phase column with 0.3% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as mobile phases, and finally analyzed using electrospray ionization in positive ion mode (ESI + ) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The linear ranges of the 29 compounds were from 0.05 to 20.0 μg/L with the correlation coefficients ( r 2 ) more than 0.99. The average recoveries and relative standard deviations were 65.4%-103% and 1.3%-6.8% respectively in the spiked ranges of 1.0-5.0 μg/kg. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were 0.02-0.3 μg/kg and 0.1-1 μg/kg respectively for the 29 imidazoles. The method is simple, rapid and sensitive. It is suitable for the detection of imidazoles and their metabolites in pork.

Periaxin, a protein of noncompact myelin, is specifically expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). There are two protein isoform L-periaxin and S-Periaxin by alternative splicing of periaxin gene, playing an important role in the initiation of myelin formation. So far, 18 different mutation sites in L-periaxin gene have been found to induce the peripheral demyelinating neurological charcot-marie-tooth diseases subtype 4F (CMT4F). The technique of activation of transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENS) was used to knock out the L-periaxin gene in RSC 96 cell line of Rattus. According to the design principle, the knock-out site of L-periaxin was assured to NLS domain of L-periaxin, which is target sequence of left and right arms of TALEN. The knock-out vectors of TALEN-L and TALEN-R were established and transfected into RSC96 cell. After puromycin screening, L-periaxin was knocked out successfully in RSC96 cell, which is confirmed by DNA sequence. The mutation efficiency is 21.6%. S-periaxin, not L-periaxin can be detected by Western blotting in L-periaxin gene knock-out RSC96 cell. The cell growth rate was decreased and the number of cells in G1 increased and decreased in S phase in L-periaxin gene knock-out RSC96 cell by flow cytometry and MTT assay.

Objective: To investigate the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the changes of urine protein in adriamycin-induced nephropathic rats treated with dexamethasone and LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor)., Methods: SD rats were randomized into normal control group, ariamycin-induced nephropathy group (ADR group), ariamycin+dexamethasone group (DEX group), and ADR+DEX+LY294002 group (LY294002 group). On days 7, 14 and 28 after the treatments, 24-h urine was collected from the rats to analyze the total urine proteins. The renal tissues were obtained on day 28 to examine the expressions of p-AKT, AKT and Bad proteins in the cortical tissues using Western blotting; the expression of Bad mRNA in the cortical tissues was measured by QPCR., Results: Urine protein increased progressively in ADR group accompanied by significantly reduced p-AKT/AKT ratio and increased Bad mRNA expression in comparison with those in the normal control group (P<0.05). Urine protein was obviously reduced in DEX group with comparable p-AKT/AKT ratio and Bad mRNA expression level with those in the control group (P>0.05). Urine protein showed no significant reduction in LY294002 group, but the p-AKT/AKT ratio was significantly reduced and Bad mRNA expression was increased compared with those in DEX group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Dexamethasone increases the expression of Bad mRNA and reduces urine protein in adriamycin-induced nephropathic rats by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. LY294002 can inhibit PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to block the effect of dexamethasone, suggesting that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is one of the signaling pathways that mediate the effect of dexamethasone on proteinuria.

This study was designed to detect the impact of Valerian Ligusticum Pill（VLP） on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, and explore the mechanism of angiogenesis. Sixty SD male rats were randomly divided into five groups, including sham operation group, model group, VLP-low（30 mg·kg-1） group, VLP-high(50 mg·kg-1) group and nimodipine (10 mg·kg-1) group. The ischemia reperfusion injury model was induced by occlusion of middle cerebral artery with suture embolus, reperfusion after 30 minutes’ ischemia. When the rats were awake, the first neurological function scores was determined with modified neurological severity score（m NSS）. The rats were given VLP(30 mg·kg-1, 50 mg·kg-1) and nimodipine（10 mg·kg-1） through intragastric administration at 2 m L, once a day for a total of 7 days, while an equal amount of distilled water was used in the sham operation group and model control group. After 7 days, the rats were given second neurological function scores, and improvement of neurological function = [the first score] - [the second score]. The rats were sacrificed to investigate the infarction volume percentage with 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method; do the qualitative and half quantitative analyses for protein vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2（VEGFR2） in the tissue of cortex infarction around by Western blot; detect the new blood vessels of cortex infarction around by ki67/lectin immunofluorescence double staining method. Results suggest that VLP could significantly improve the neurological function, reduce the percentage of infarct volume, increase the expression of VEGFR2 and number of new blood vessels in the cortex infarction around compared with model group. In conclusion, VLP may relive the acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by inducing angiogenesis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of mesenchyme and epithelium at the key stages of palatal development, and to determine the embryonic alterations associated with cleft palate., Methods: 100 pregnant C57 females (E12) were equally divided into two groups. The experimental group was administered RA once (70 mg/kg) while the control group was administered corn oil only, and the heads of the embryos at E13.5-17.5 were collected and processed to paraffin. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for the morphological assessment of anterior,posterior, left and right palate, and BrdU and TUNEL assays for the detection of proliferation and survival of palatal mesenchyme and epithelium., Results: Simple treatment of RA at 70 mg/kg caused an incidence of 100％ cleft palate. During E13.5-15.5,cell proliferation was significantly promoted on the anterior palatal mesenchyme in the RA group, while no difference for the posterior palatal mesenchyme. Besides, the cell proliferation on anterior and posterior epithelium was comparable between the control and RA group. Less apoptotic cells were observed on epithelium during El3.5-14.5 in the RA group., Conclusions: RA induces excessive cell proliferation of palatal mesenchyme, causing abnormal vertical palatal growth and failure of palatal shelves contact and fusion, which finally lead to cleft palate. RA also increases epithelium apoptosis.

Objective: To investigate renal artery injury caused by Kawasaki disease (KD)., Methods: Forty-three children with KD were enrolled in the study. According to the blood pressure in the acute stage, these children were classified into normal blood pressure subgroup and increased blood pressure subgroup. Eighteen children with fever caused by acute upper respiratory tract infection were enrolled as the control group. The diameter of the origin of the main renal artery, hemodynamic parameters of the main renal artery and the renal interlobar artery, rennin activity, and levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone were compared between groups., Results: During the acute stage of KD, both subgroups had a significantly smaller diameter of the origin of the main renal artery, a significantly higher resistance index (RI) of the main renal artery, and a significantly lower end-diastolic velocity (EDV) than the control group (P<0.05).The increased blood pressure subgroup had a significantly lower EDV of the interlobar artery than the normal blood pressure subgroup, a significantly higher RI than the normal blood pressure subgroup and the control group, as well as a significantly higher rennin activity and significantly higher levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone than the normal blood pressure subgroup (P<0.05). A significantly increased EDV and a significantly reduced RI of the renal interlobar artery were observed in the increased blood pressure subgroup in the subacute stage compared with the acute stage (P<0.05)., Conclusions: KD may cause renal artery injury and early hemodynamic changes, resulting in a transient increase in blood pressure in some patients.

Objective: To compare the effect of propofol and sevoflurane on perioperative immunity and surgical outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer., Methods: During September 2012 to April 2014 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, thirty patients scheduled for laparoscopic colorectal cancer radical resection were randomly assigned into two groups: propofol TCI anesthesia and sevoflurane inhale anesthesia. Venous blood was taken before induction, on finishing the surgery and 24 h after surgery for lymphocyte subtype study by flow cytometry. Postoperative outcomes including intestinal obstruction, urine retention, anastomotic fistula and incision healing, antibiotic using time, hospital-stay time were compared., Results: In the sevoflurane group, the percentage of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD19⁺ subtype were increased immediately after surgery ((64.0 ± 13.5)%, (37.5 ± 11.8)%, (12.3 ± 4.5)%) comparing to preoperative level ((59.0 ± 12.0)%, (33.0 ± 8.3)%, (9.9 ± 4.3)%) (t= 3.423, 2.543, 2.768 respectively, all P<0.05), while NK cell percentage was significantly decreased ((22.9 ± 13.2)% vs (30.7 ± 11.9)%) (t=-3.444, P<0.01). The changes of CD3⁺, CD19⁺ and NK cell remained significant at 24 h ((63.5 ± 9.3)%, (13.0 ± 4.0)%, (22.5 ± 7.2)%) (t=2.961, 3.502, -4.621 respectively, all P<0.05). In the propofol group, the levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD19⁺ and CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ ratio were significantly increased after surgery ((69.4 ± 9.7)%, (43.2 ± 9.2)%, (15.2 ± 7.4)%, 1.9 ± 0.9) comparing to the preoperative levels ((61.9 ± 13.6)%, (34.6 ± 8.9)%, (10.4 ± 4.5)%, 1.5 ± 0.7) (t= 4.732, 6.132, 3.688, 4.640 respectively, all P<0.01), and NK cell was significantly decreased ((14.7 ± 10.2)% vs (27.2 ± 14.3)%) (t=-4.935, P<0.01). These changes were similar to that of the sevoflurane group. At 24 h in the propofol group, comparing with those after surgery, CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ ratio were significantly decreased ((63.6 ± 12.3)%, (36.0 ± 8.7)%, 1.5 ± 0.6) (t=-2.879, -3.682, -3.340 respectively, all P<0.05), and returned to baseline when comparing to the preoperative level (t= 0.858, 0.758, -0.074 respectively, all P>0.05). NK cell began to recover at 24 h ((22.2 ± 12.6)%) comparing to the postoperative level (t= 2.941, P<0.05), but was still lower than the baseline (t=-2.249, P<0.05). Also, for all the above data, there were no difference between the two groups at any points (all P>0.05). There were no difference in hospital-stay time, antibiotic using time, the time to anal exhaust or defecate, postoperative fever, incision infection, neither other complications such as intestinal obstruction, urine retention, anastomotic fistula or intraperitoneal infection (all P>0.05). The incision infection rate was 0 in the propofol group while 14.3% in the sevoflurane group, which was quite clinically obvious though not statistically significant., Conclusions: Propofol may have less or shorter impact on immunity. However, whether anesthesia with propofol could be superior to that with sevoflurane for patients' immune function is still undetermined and needs further study.

Objective: To report on clinical, genetic and molecular characterization of two Chinese families with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy., Methods: Ophthalmological examinations have revealed variable severity and age at onset of visual loss among the probands and other matrilineal relatives of both families. The entire mitochondrial genome of the two probands was amplified with PCR in 24 overlapping fragments using sets of oligonucleotide primers., Results: The ophthalmological examinations showed that penetrance was 12.5% and 30.0% respectively in the two families. Sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes in these pedigrees has identified unreported homoplasmic T8821G mutation in the ATPase 6 gene and distinct sets of polymorphisms belonging to haplogroups M10a. The T8821G mutation has occurred at the extremely conserved nucleotide (conventional position 99) of the ATPase6. Thus, this mutation may alter structural formation of ATPase6, thereby leading to failure in the synthesis of ATP involved in visual impairment., Conclusion: Above observations have suggested that the ATPase6 T8821G mutation may be involved in the pathogenesis of optic neuropathy in these families.

Objective: To determine the clinical significance of milk protein-specific IgE (sIgE) for infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA)., Methods: Ninety-six infants with CMPA were divided into IgE+ group (n=26) and IgE- group (n=70) and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups. Infants were denied allergy-inducing food and fed instead extensively hydrolyzed formulas or amino-acid formulas for 16 weeks before the two groups were compared., Results: Twenty-seven percent of the infants were sIgE-seropositive. The first onset age of CMPA was significantly younger in the IgE+ group than in the IgE- group (P<0.05), and the family history of allergy and respiratory symptoms were significantly less common in the IgE- group than in the IgE+ group (P<0.05). Severe CMPA, gastrointestinal symptoms, underweight, growth retardation, anemia, and hypoproteinemia were significantly more common in the IgE- group than in the IgE+ group (P<0.05). Erythema, urticaria, vomiting, nasal discharge, cough, wheezing, and paroxysms of crying were major clinical symptoms of the IgE+ group, and their incidences were significantly higher in the IgE+ group than in the IgE- group (P<0.05); eczema, constipation, and diarrhea were major symptoms of the IgE- group, and their incidences were significantly higher in the IgE- group than in the IgE+ group (P<0.05). The remission rate of each symptom was as high as over 80% in the two groups after 16 weeks of intervention and there was no significant difference in the remission rates between the two groups (P>0.05)., Conclusions: IgE seropositive rate is not high in infants with CMPA. Atypical signs instead of allergic symptoms are more common in the IgE seronegative infants with CMPA. Avoiding allergy-inducing food and eating extensively hydrolyzed formulas or amino-acid formulas in early age benefit infants with IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated CMPA.

Objective: To examine the expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 (CysLTR-1) and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-2 (CysLTR-2) in the adenoid tissues from children with adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and to explore the role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of AH., Methods: Sixty children with AH who were treated by adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy were classified into two groups: simple AH and AH plus allergic rhinitis (n=30 each). Twenty children who underwent tonsillectomy due to recurrent purulent tonsillitis were selected as the control group. The expression of CysLTR-1 and CysLTR-2 in the excised tonsil and/or adenoid tissues was determined by immunofluorescence histochemical labeling and integrated optical density measurement., Results: The expression of CysLTR-1 and CysLTR-2 in the adenoid and tonsil tissues increased significantly in both the simple AH group and AH plus allergic rhinitis group compared with the control group (P<0.01). The expression of CysLTR-1 and CysLTR-2 in the AH plus allergic rhinitis group increased more significantly compared with the simple AH group (P<0.01)., Conclusions: CysLTR-1 and CysLTR-2 are highly expressed in the adenoid tissues from children with AH, suggesting that leukotrienes are involved in the pathogenesis of AH.

Objective: To investigate the effect of PIK3CA/siRNA chitosan nanoparticle on the invasiveness of gastric carcinoma and the potential value of PIK3CA/siRNA chitosan nanoparticle in suppressing the metastasis of gastric carcinoma., Methods: Gastric cancer cells were treated with PIK3CA/siRNA nanoparticle (with a diameter of 350 nm), and the efficiency of PIK3CA gene interference was evaluated using Western blotting and real-time PCR. The changes of the invasive capacity of the treated cells was assessed with Transwell assay., Results: PIK3CA/siRNA chitosan nanoparticle efficiently lowered the expression level of PIK3CA and significantly decreased the invasion of BGC823 cells., Conclusion: PIK3CA gene interference mediated by PIK3CA/siRNA chitosan nanoparticle can decrease the invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells in vitro.

Mercury concentration in marine fishes and its influencing factors are the key problems in the study of mercury biomagnification in marine ecosystems. In order to understand the inner- and inter-species differences of mercury concentration in fishes from the Yellow Sea, a total of 164 marine wild fishes covering nine different species were collected from the area from August to October, 2012. Mercury (total mercury) concentration in fish muscle tissue was measured by a direct mercury analyzer. Body length and wet weight of each sample were also determined. Moreover, feeding habit and trophic level of different species were examined. Hg concentrations (dry weight) in the muscle tissues of the 164 individuals ranged from 0.025 micro x g(-1) to 0.526 microg x g(-1), with an average of (0.124 +/- 0.096) microg x g(-1). By an inner-species analysis, log10 Hg concentration was significantly correlated to their body length and wet weight. Predator fishes with trophic level > 2.8 were more readily to be contaminated by Hg than the filter feeder with trophic level < 2.8. Furthermore, species with higher increasing rate of weight had lower Hg concentration in the muscle due to growth dilution. The results suggest that length and weight are the main factors affecting the inner- species difference of mercury concentration in common fishes from the Yellow Sea, while dietary preference, trophic level and increasing rate of weight are the main factors affecting the inter-species difference from the Yellow Sea.

Objective: To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of integrin α5 and β1 in osteoblast in the process of gingipains-induced apoptosis., Methods: Gingipains were isolated and purified from supernatants of Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 which was cultured under standard anaerobic conditions. MC3T3-E1 was challenged with or without 8.3480 U/L gingipains for 48 h and apoptosis was examined by transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride (TUNEL-DAPI) staining. The expression of integrin α5 and β1 was analyzed by Western blotting after MC3T3-E1 was treated under different conditions., Results: Arginine-specific proteinases(Rgp) activity was (41.74 ± 2.11) U/L and lysine-specific proteinase(Kgp) was (1.02 ± 0.25) U/L.Gingipains induced MC3T3-E1 cells apoptosis after 48 h. Compared with control group, expression of integrin α5 and β1 was down-regulated by gingipains in a time-dependent manner within short periods ( ≤ 72 h), integrin α5 and β1 relative expression was (0.485 ± 0.039),(0.504 ± 0.002) at 48 h,(0.398 ± 0.058),(0.179 ± 0.001) at 72 h respectively (P < 0.05). After 72 h, integrin α5 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells was stable compared with control group while integrin β1 was still lower(control group:1.000 ± 0.000, 96 h:0.604 ± 0.003, 120 h: 0.357 ± 0.002) (P < 0.05). Proteinase inhibitor tosyl- L- lysine-chloromethyl-ketone(TLCK) effectively blocked the activity of gingipain and inhibited down-regulation of integrin α5 and β1 induced by gingipains from (0.398 ± 0.058,0.179 ± 0.001 ) to (0.781 ± 0.012, 0.857 ± 0.060) (P < 0.05). TLCK alone did not have any effect on integrin α5 and β1(P > 0.05). Gingipains also decreased integrin α5 and β1 in a dose-dependent manner.When cells were treated with 20.8700 U/L gingipains, integrin α5 and β1 relative expression reached to the lowest(0.105 ± 0.004,0.020 ± 0.000) (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Gingipains inhibited the expression of integrin α5 and β1 in a time- and dose- dependent manner in osteoblasts in the process of apoptosis, which may not be mediated by direct proteolytic effect.

This article reports the treatment of a patient suffered from acute radiation burn covering 41% TBSA, with deep partial-thickness and full-thickness injury, produced by exposure to a large-scale industrial electron accelerator. An open wound began to appear and enlarged gradually 10 weeks after the exposure. Serious wound infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pneumonia, respiratory failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, nephropathy and hypoproteinemia developed successively since 3 weeks after the wound formation. Skin grafts failed to survive, resulting in enlargement of the wound. After being treated with proper measures, including parenteral nutrition, respiratory support with a ventilator, appropriate antibiotics, steroid administration for nephropathy, deep debridement for wounds followed by skin grafting, the patient was cured and discharged after undergoing 15 operations in 500 days. The clinical condition of an extensive acute radiation burn is complicated. We should pay close attention to the changes in functions of organs, and strengthen the therapeutic strategies to support the function of organs to reduce the incidence of systemic complications. The control of the infection and the timely and effective repair of the wound are still the key points of the treatment of an extensive local radiation injury.

Objective: To establish osteoblast apoptosis model induced by gingipains, and to examine the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 interacting mediator (Bim), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl-2 antagonist/killer (Bak)., Methods: Gingipain and gingipain acticity were extracted and measured. Mouse osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the presence of 0.453, 0.906, 1.812 U/L gingipains for 0, 16, 24 and 48 h. Apoptosis was examined by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining or annexin V/propidine iodide (PI) staining.Protein expression of Bim, Bax and Bak was determined by Western blotting after osteoblasts were cultured with 1.812 U/L gingipain for 0, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. Osteoblasts were cultured with 1.812 U/L gingipain which had been inhibited with N-alpha-tosyl L-lysyl-chlorom ethylketone (TLCK). Western blotting was used to detect Bim expression and DAPI staining to measure apoptosis., Results: Arginine-specific proteinases (Rgp) activity was (18.11 ± 2.11) U/L and specific proteinases (Kgp) was (1.02 ± 0.25) U/L. Percentage of osteoblast apoptosis induced by 1.812 U/L gingipain rose to (6.31 ± 0.37)% after 16 h, and reached (11.20 ± 0.35)% at 24 h and (10.80 ± 0.46)% after 48 h with DAPI staining. Annexin V/PI staining supported the result from DAPI staining.Bim protein level increased during osteoblast apoptosis, the relative fold rose to (0.31 ± 0.03) after 4 h (about 2 fold compared to control), peaking at 24 h (0.57 ± 0.05, 3-4 fold compared to control). Proteinase inhibitor TLCK effectively blocked the activity of gingipain and inhibited up-regulation of Bim induced by gingipains from (0.58 ± 0.04) to (0.14 ± 0.03). The percentage of osteoblast apoptosis decreased from (11.20 ± 0.35)% to (4.31 ± 0.38)% in the presence of TLCK. Expression of Bax remained unchanged when cells were cultured with or without gingipains. Bak was under the detectable level in MC3T3-E1., Conclusions: 1.812 U/L gingipains induced osteoblast apoptosis. Protein expression of Bim was up-regulated during cell apoptosis and was down-regulated when gingipain inhibited with TLCK, suggesting that Bim was involved in osteoblast apoptosis induced by gingipain. Inhibition of Bim protein expression protected osteoblast from apoptosis.

Objective: To study the value of antiviral therapy for infectious monocytosis (IM) in children by comparing the near-term therapeutic efficacies and long-term follow-up results in children with this disorder between receiving antiviral therapy or not., Methods: The medical data of IM children between 1999 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 172 cases with a follow-up visit period of 1 year and more were eligible. The children were classified into three groups according to the treatment protocol: ganciclovir treatment (n=49), acyclovir treatment (n=72) and symptomatic treatment (control; n=51). The children in the ganciclovir group received an intravenous drip of 10 mg/kg per day of ganciclovir, administered in twice-daily doses; Seven days later the drip volume was changed to 5 mg/kg, administered once each day; the total course lasting 10-14 days. The children in the acyclovir group received acyclovir orally at 20 mg/kg per day, administered in three times daily doses; the total course lasting 10-14 days. The children in the control group received symptomatic treatment only. In the three groups, indicators including fever course, improvement of isthmitis symptoms, lymph node retraction, hepatic and splenic lymph node retraction time, atypical lymphocyte fallback time and alteration of granulocyte amount after drug use were observed. The long-term follow-up visits covered such indicators as blood routine reexamination, hepatic function, liver and spleen B-ultrasonography, recovery rate, recurrence rate and mortality rate., Results: In the acute phase, there were no differences in terms of fever course, isthmitis improvement, hepatic and splenic lymph node retraction time and the time of atypical lymphocyte falling back to below 10% among the three groups (P>0.05). During the period of follow-up visits between 1 year and 8 years and 10 months, no significant differences were observed in the recovery rate, the recurrence rate and the mortality rate among the three groups (P>0.05)., Conclusions: The efficacies of antiviral therapy for IM children appear to be similar to non-antiviral therapy, suggesting that antiviral therapy fails to be beneficial for IM children.

The two-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were constructed with excess sludge as the anodic substrate and CuSO4 solution as the catholyte. The start up method, degradation of the anodic sludge, removal of the Cu2+ and products on cathode were investigated in the study. The results of batch experiments showed that Cu2+ can be used as cathodic electron acceptors, e. g. a stable voltage output of 0.478 V and a maximum power density of 536 mW/m3 were obtained at external resistance of 1 000 omega and Cu2+ concentration of 6 400 mg/L. The Cu2+ contained in wastewater could be removed effectively by the MFC process, e. g. 97.8% of Cu2+ was removed in a MFC reactor at the end of 288 h with initial Cu2+ concentration of 1 000 mg/L and external resistance of 0 omega. The cathodic products depended on cathodic reducibility, most of Cu2+ was deposited as Cu2O and a small part as Cu4 (OH), 6SO4 with lower cathodic reducibility, metal copper deposited on the cathode with higher cathodic reducibility. Using excess sludge as anodic substrate could support the MFCs for long-term operation. The acclimation stage of the exoelectrogenic bacteria on the anode had an impact on MFC performance and cathodic reduction of Cu2+, and the stability of exoelectrogenic biofilm on anode could be determined by monitoring the anode potential. The MFC with excess sludge as anodic substrate can degrade organic matter in sludge and accomplish Cu(2+) -containing wastewater treatment and copper recovery simultaneously.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the ethanol extract of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora (EPS) on renal function and tissue damage in a rat remnant kidney model., Methods: Rat models of chronic kidney disease induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) were randomly assigned into two groups for treatment with a gavage of either EPS or vehicle for 9 weeks. The rats in the control group received only sham operation., Results: Compared with vehicle-treated 5/6 Nx rats, the EPS-treated rats displayed significantly decreased urinary excretion of malondialdehyde, serum levels of AGEs and AOPPs, and increased serum SeGSHPx activities. These changes were associated with attenuated urinary protein excretion, glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis., Conclusion: EPS can obviously improve the renal functions and renal pathologies in rats with chronic kidney disease probably by inhibiting the oxidative stress.

Objective: To discuss the clinical characteristics and treatments for chondrosarcoma of paranasal sinus and the skull base., Methods: The clinical characteristics of chondrosarcoma of paranasal sinus and skull base in 7 patients underwent endoscopic surgeries between 2001 and 2008 were analyzed. Of the patients, 4 men and 3 women. The patients' age ranged from 18 to 47 years, with a median of 31 years., Clinical Symptoms: stuffy, nose bleeding, runny, headache, diplopia, eye outreach limited, blurred vision and even blindness. Surgery methods: under nasal endoscopy, after the attachment sites of the tumors to normal tissues were confirmed, the tumors were peeled off along the clear boundary between the tumors and normal tissues, and the potential residual tumor tissues on bones were cleared by a drill., Results: The patients were followed up postoperatively for 24 to 108 months, with a median of 36 months. Five of 7 patients were no recurrence, 2 were alive with tumor., Conclusions: Chondrosarcoma of paranasal sinus and skull base can be treated by nasal endoscopic surgery, with good clinical outcome.