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Some previous works had proposed some replication-based routing protocols, such as epidemic routing, but they couldn't achieve high deliver ratio at a low deliver cost. This paper designed an adaptive replication-based routing protocol called ARR for efficient routing in vehicular networks. ARR was a fully distributed protocol. The goal of ARR was twofold, first, ARR delivered the majority of the messages generated in time-to-live; second, ARR introduced as little deliver cost as possible. To achieve high deliver ratio at a low deliver cost, ARR adopted an adaptive strategy for the number of copies of a message. In addition, this paper proposed two methods for distributing message copies. Based on real traces of vehicles, this paper conducted real trace-driven simulations. Performance results demonstrate that ARR can achieve significantly high deliver ratio at a low delivery cost compared with the other four alternative protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new risk integration method from the perspective of the financial data, i.e., the risk integration method based on financial statement. This paper applies this method in Chinese listed securities companies to measure the market risk, credit risk, operational risk, liquidity risk and the overall risk, and analyses the relationships among them. The research finds that, there are significant diversification benefits among these risks, which will help to reduce the demand for capital provision. Furthermore, market risk and operational risk are main risks in securities companies, which need paying more attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]