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Baiyangdian Lake is the largest shallow lake in the North China Plain. Due to the increases in upstream water consumption in recent decades, the amount of natural water entering the lake has decreased, resulting in a significant drop in the water level of Baiyangdian Lake. Severe eutrophication has occurred in Baiyangdian Lake owing to the discharge of domestic sewage around the sub-lakes. With the establishment of the Xiong'an New Area in 2017, the importance of environmental governance and protection of Baiyangdian Lake has been unprecedentedly increased. The implementation of ecological water supplement from upstream reservoirs and other basins has significantly increased water level of Baiyangdian Lake. Moreover, domestic sewage from surrounding rural areas was collected. In order to understand the current state of water quality in Baiyangdian Lake, and to evaluate the effects of the previous water replenishment and pollution control projects, we investigated water physicochemical variables and aquatic organisms of Baiyangdian Lake in August 2019. We evaluated water quality status of Baiyangdian Lake based on water quality, phytoplankton, zooplankton and macrozoobenthos, by comparing with the evaluation based on the survey data in 2010. In addition, submerged macrophytes were used to evaluate the water ecological status. The results showed that the water quality state of Baiyangdian Lake in 2019 was greatly improved compared with 2010. Among them, total phosphorus concentration decreased by 88.6%, total nitrogen concentration decreased by 83.9%, chlorophyll a concentration decreased by 47.8%, and the Seechi depth increased by 43.4%. The diversity of zooplankton and macrozoobenthos were significantly increased, the density of phytoplankton was significantly reduced, the dominant species of phytoplankton changed from a general highly eutrophic type to a eutrophic type, and the distribution of the clean-type submerged macrophytes was narrowed. The evaluation methods based on submerged macrophytes species and based on zooplankton diversity were not suitable for water quality evaluation in Baiyangdian Lake. In the early stage, the pollution source of Baiyangdian Lake was concentrated in the west, which led to lower water quality. Nowadays, due to the water replenishment from the west, north and south, the hydrodynamic conditions changed significantly. In the west, pollution control projects were carried out, and the spatial distribution of water quality in Baiyangdian Lake are showing a characteristics of homogenization.

Several training programs for the pharmacy staff in the Pharmacy Department of Beijing Union Medical College Hospital were implemented over 1910's to 1942, such as apprenticeships, prior courses on pharmaceutical sciences,vocational training, study overseas, and developing the Beiping Pharmacy Evening School in collaboration with the North China Pharmaceutical Society around the 1930's. These programs explored training models for the hospital, developed practical talent with competence ensuring the needs and requirements within the hospital, established practical education on pharmacy in Beiping and therefore contributed to promoting future pharmaceutical training systems in China.

Atmospheric environment in urban built-up area is severely influenced by the surrounding landscape pattern. Understanding the relationship between air pollution and surrounding landscape pattern at small scale has great significance for mitigating air pollution from the perspective of urban construction. The annual average concentrations of NO 2 , SO 2 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 from 266 air pollution monitoring stations in 30 provincial capitals of China in 2017 were chosen as dependent variables. Ten two-dimensional and three-dimensional landscape pattern indices (number of buildings, building aggregation, building density, impervious water ratio, quantitative density of catering, building footprint area, high building ratio, floor area ratio, total building area and building type Shannon diversity index) within the 3 km area around the monitoring stations were used as independent variables. The effects of landscape pattern on the concentration of four air pollutants were analyzed using the boosted regression trees model. The results showed that the concentration of four air pollutants in the central and northern cities were significantly higher than that in the southeast coastal cities and southwest cities. The most important factor affecting the concentrations of NO 2 , SO 2 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 was the impervious ratio, with relative contribution rates of 40.7%, 36.3%, 51.0% and 51.8% respectively. The results of sub-region analysis showed that the most important influencing factor differed in different regions, including the impervious ratio in the East and Central China; the number and density of buildings in South China; the impervious ratio and diversity of building types in North China; the impervious ratio and the number of buildings in Northeast China, the density of buildings in Northwest China. Such differences were mainly caused by climate, topography, urban planning, and other factors.

Non-linear changes widely occur in ecosystems, which manifest as sudden changes in system state with increasing pressure. To explain these changes, ecologists proposed the concepts of ecological threshold and regime shift, and continuously improved the theory and method system. Mechanistic and empirical studies further deepen our understanding for evolution mechanism of the complex system, which begun to be implemented into the environmental management. In recent decades, a large number of quantitative studies on stress-response in various types of ecosystems in China. Results from those studies are closely related to the theory paradigms of ecological threshold and regime shift in essence. Based on the "China Ecological Thresholds and Alternative Stable States Database", we screened and summarized the relevant ecological thresholds and explained the mechanisms underlying regime shift for 10 ecosystem types, including river, lake, wetland, forest, grassland, estuary and ocean, farmland, desert, city, and tundra. We linked case studies with theory paradigms of ecological threshold and regime shift with the aim to integrate multi-field scientific achievements and resources as the basis for ecosystem complexity research, and promote their application in ecological monitoring, ecological security early warning, and ecological standards innovation.

Using MOD17A3 NPP time series data, surface cover type data, weather data, MOD16 evapotranspiration products and terrain data, the temporal and spatial variability of vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2015 was analyzed, and its response to each influencing factor were discussed. The results showed that the NPP of Shaanxi had a significant upward trend in the past 16 years with a slope of 5.02 g C·m -2 ·a -1 . The annual average of NPP was 344 g C·m -2 ·a -1 with a range from 247 to 390 g C·m -2 ·a -1 . The NPP at 61.2% area of Shaanxi Province showed a significant increasing trend, which were mainly distributed at northern part of Shaanxi, Weibei area and western part of Qinba Mountain. There was a decrease trend of NPP for the area around Xi'an and Baoji City, accounting for only 2.5% of the whole province. During the study period, the variation of annual mean temperature and annual precipitation in Shaanxi showed no significance. The temperature showed a increase trend and the precipitation showed a decrease trend, implying a drier and warmer climate trend in Shaanxi Province. The areas with significant correlation between NPP and precipitation and temperature accounted for 9.4% and 1.5% of the total area of the province. The frequent intervention of human activities reduced the impact of climate on the changes of NPP, so human activity had gradually become the dominant factor. NPP in northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong areas was significantly correlated with evapotranspiration. The increases of NPP in these areas would have great influence on the water and heat balance. The average NPP at different land cover was farmland > forestland > grassland > garden, increasing rate of NPP at different land cover was garden > grassland > forestland > farmland, and proportional changes of NPP was grassland > garden > forestland > farmland. The increasing percentage of NPP at three gradient ranges were 14.6% (0°-5°), 25.7% (5°-25°) and 35.9% (>25°), respectively.

A typical forest stand on the subtropical Jinyun Mountain in China was selected to investigate water quality and interception characteristics for several important ions at different levels in the subtropical forest ecosystem. Based on field and laboratory experiments, the effect of precipitation, throughfall, litterfall, and soil percolation on water quality and ionic interception were investigated from September 2013 to August 2014. Results indicated that the rainfall on Jinyun Mountain was obviously acidic, with an average pH of 4.75. The soil and canopy can elevate the pH of rainfall, while the soil had a greater capability for adjusting pH than did the forest canopy. In addition, the concentrations of NH 4 + , SO 4 2- , PO 4 3- , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and K + in the litterfall increased with litterfall tissue disintegration, while the other ions decreased. Moreover, functional groups and colloids in the soil can bind or neutralize many ions, such as NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , NH 4 + , PO 4 3- , K + , and Mg 2+ . However, some ions were released from the soil by erosion from acid rain over a long time. Generally, the forest ecosystem is a sink for ions found in precipitation with diverse functions for different layers, and the forest canopy has the highest interception capacity for the ions found in precipitation.

Growth year is one of the important factors for the quality of mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG). For age differentiation of MCG, rhizome extracts of ginseng aged from 11 to 15 years were analyzed using a non-targeted approach with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based on plant metabolomics technique. Multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to compare the derived patterns among the samples. The results showed that the chemical constituents of MCG rhizome extracts of ginseng aged from 11 to 15 years were different. The data set was subsequently applied to metabolite selection by variable importance in the projection (VIP) for sophisticated classification with the optimal number of metabolites. The OPLS-DA model of MCG has a high interpretability and predictive capability, which established by selecting metabolites of MCG aged from 11 to 15 years. By this approach, MCG samples aged from 11 to 15 years, which are the most in demand in the Chinese ginseng market, can be precisely differentiated on the basis of selected metabolites. This proposed analytical method is fast, accurate, and reliable for discriminating the growth year of MCG. Moreover, this study supplies a new method for the age discrimination of other Chinese medicinal materials., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

In present study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS)-based plant metabolomics approach was established to investigate the metabolic profiles of the leaves, main root, branch root, and rhizome of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng (MCG). The UHPLC-QTOF/MS data were subjected to principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA) to find the potential characteristic components of the four parts of MCG in a quick way. The four different parts could be separated into four different groups of phytochemicals according to the PCA scores. The chemical constituents in four parts of MCG were obviously different. The identities of 81 major peaks that were detected in the four parts of MCG and the potential markers were identified by comparison with the reference compounds or were tentatively assigned by matching the retention time, empirical molecular formula and fragment ions with those of the published compounds of the Panax species. This proposed analytical method is fast, accurate, and reliable for differentiating the different parts of MCG. Moreover, this study supplied a new method for the quality evaluation of other Chinese medicinal materials.

Rats were continuously given different doses of water extract of Polygonum multiflorum (1, 10 g x kg(-1)) for 7 days to prepare liver microsomes. Cocktail in vitro incubation approach and Real-time quantitative PCR technology were used to observe the effect of water extract of P. multiflorum on CYP450 enzymatic activities and mRNA expressions in rat liver. Compared with the blank control group, both 1, 10 g x kg(-1) water extract of P. multiflorum treated groups showed significant inhibitions in CYP2E1 enzymatic activities and mRNA expressions (enzymatic activities of CYP2E1, P < 0.01; mRNA expression of CYP2E1, P < 0.05 in 1 g x kg(-1) group, P < 0.01 in 10 g x kg(-1) group). They revealed a significant increase in the enzymatic activity of CYP3A1 (P < 0.01), but without significant change in mRNA expressions. The 10 g x kg(-1) group showed a significant inhibition in CYP1A2 enzymatic activities and mRNA expressions in rat livers (P < 0.01).

Objective: To study the influence of different drying methods on the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and thus provide useful reference for its proper drying methods., Method: Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus was processed by eight drying methods including vacuum freeze drying, natural drying in the shade, drying in the sun, oven drying and vacuum drying under different temperature. The contents of the functional ingredients includes chisandrin, gomisin D, gomisin J, schisandrol B, angeloylgomisin H, angeloylgomisin Q, gomisin G, schisantherin A, deoxyschisandrin, schisandrin B, schisandrin C, 5-HMF, total aids and total sugars. The main components change after drying were analyzed by HPLC, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and potentiometric titration. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out by SPSS software to evaluate the quality of different processed products from Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus., Result: All these results are in accordance with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia published in 2010, the contents of schisandrin and total eleven lignans were the highest using vacuum drying, and 5-HMF were the lower, oven drying made little difference but with lower schisandrin and higher 5-HMF as the heat increased., Conclusion: Different drying methods have significant influence on the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Oven drying under 5°C should be adopted to substitute drying in the sun according to the China Pharmacopoeia published in 2010 for Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus by comprehensive analysis of the cost, content and practicality.

The ginsenoside-Ro is sensitive to be hydrolyzed in an alkaline medium. This paper investigated the hydrolysis kinetics of ginsenoside-Ro under different pH and temperature values. The results showed ginsenoside-Ro in alkaline solution followed pseudo-first-order reaction. Hydrolysis kinetics of ginsenoside-Ro has not been reported previously. The hydrolysis rate was independent of initial concentration. On the basis of UFLC-MS/MS, NMR, as well as chemical evidence,the structure of hydrolyzate was assigned as 3-O- [beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl- (1 --> 2) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl] -oleanolic acid.

Objective: To study the effect of Loa22 mature peptide on the apoptosis of A549 to explore the mechanism of pulmonary impairment in severe forms of leptospirosis., Methods: Loa22 mature peptide (100 microg/mL) was administered to culture with human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). After 24 hours, the apoptosis, the concentration of calcium of the cells were evaluated. The F-actin cytoskeleton structure was observed and calmdulin (CaM) mRNA expression was also detected. At the same time, after the pretreatment of A549 with PLC specific inhibitor U73122, adding an appropriate amount of mature peptide of Loa22 to act on the cells for a period of time, then detection same index., Results: Loa22 mature peptide could induce the increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), CaM expression in mRNA level, the activity of LDH, and cytoskeleton rearrangement of F-actin. But after blocking the signal pathway of PLC, Loa22 mature peptide reduced the increase degree of [Ca2+]i, apoptosis rate, the expression of CaM mRNA, the activity of LDH compared with the unblocked group., Conclusion: These data suggest that Loa22 mature peptide involves in the pathological processes of L. interrogans invasion and increase apoptosis in A549 by increase of [Ca2+]i through signaling pathway of PLC.

Based on the sub-pixel analysis model, and by using 2000-2009 MODIS NDVI (250 m resolution), this paper quantitatively analyzed the spatiotemporal change characteristics and their causes of fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) in Shannxi Province. From 2000 to 2009, the FVC in the Province had a significant increasing trend, with the great magnitude of 35.0%. During that period, the vegetation coverage increased from 56.9% in 2000 to 68.9% in 2009 in the provincial scale, and the increment was much higher in northern Shannxi, being 21.6% in Yulin and 22.0% in Yan' an. Though the vegetation coverage had an overall increase, it was locally degraded in some areas. The areas with improved vegetation coverage at the significance levels of < 0.01, and < 0.05 were 37.8% and 11.9%, while those with non-improved and degraded vegetation coverage were 46.1% and 4.2%, respectively. The areas whose vegetation coverage had a change rate of 200%, 200%-100%, 100%-10%, 10%-10%, and < -10% occupied 12.2%, 13.3%, 38.8%, 29.3%, and 6.4% of the total, respectively. During the study period, the structure of vegetation coverage in the Province also improved. The areas with high and normal vegetation density increased significantly by 10% and 8.4%, respectively, while the area with low vegetation density decreased significantly by 18.4%. The improvement of the FVC in Shaanxi Province was the interactive effect of natural factors and human activities, but the main cause was the implementation of a series of ecological construction projects such as closing hill for forestation and restoring farmland into forestland and grassland.

Objective: To study the immunity of Loa22 from Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai strain 56601 by expressing its protein in BCG., Methods: Amplified the mature peptide of Loa22 gene from the genome of of Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai strain 56601 and constructed recombinant plasmid rpMV36l-1oa22 with the E. coli-BCG integrating shuttle plasmid pMV361 and the Loa22 mature peptide gene. The rpMV36l-1oa22 plasmid was transformed into BCG by electroporation. The rBCG bearing rpMV36l-1oa22 was induced by high temperature of 45 degrees C and expressed protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting. Fifth 6-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups, which were inoculated intraperitoneally two times at 0-day and 21-day with BCG, rBCG-pMV361, rI3CG-1oa22, Loa22 and killed whole-leptospires respectively. All animals were dislocated from cervical vertebra on the 14Ih day after the last immunization. The proliferative reaction of splenic lymphocyte in tuitro were tested by XTT., Results: The rpMV36l-1oa22 plasmid was constructed successfully and transformed into BCG. The rBCG expressed a 19 X io specifical protein identified by SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting. The splenic lymphocyte proliferate activity (SI) in rBCG-ioa22 group in intro was significantly higher than those in BCG group and rBCG-pMV361 group., Conclusion: We explored the expressing feasibility of Loa22 in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. may therefore make further researches on the induction of protective immunity against human and animal leptospirosis.

Objective: To explore the feasibility and the result for the surgical treatment of spastic cerebral paralysis of the upper limbs in patients who underwent the selective cervical dorsal root cutting off part of the vertebral lateral mass fixation combined with exercise therapy., Methods: From March 2004 to April 2008, 27 patients included 19 boys and 8 girls, aging 13-21 years with an average of 15 years underwent selective cervical dorsal root cutting off part of the vertebral lateral mass fixation with exercise therapy. The AXIS 8 holes titanium plate was inserted into the lateral mass of spinous process through guidance of the nerve stimulator, choosed fasciculus of low-threshold nerve dorsal root and cut off its 1.5 cm. After two weeks, training exercise therapy was done in patients. Training will include lying position, turning body, sitting position, crawling, kneeling and standing position, walking and so on. Spastic Bobath inhibiting abnormal pattern was done in the whole process of training. The muscular tension, motor function (GMFM), functional independence (WeeFIM) were observed after treatment., Results: All patients were followed up from 4 to 16 months with an average of 6 months. Muscular tension score were respectively 3.30 +/- 0.47 and 1.25 +/- 0.44 before and after treatment;GMFM score were respectively 107.82 +/- 55.17 and 131.28 +/- 46.45; WeeFIM score were respectively 57.61 +/- 25.51 and 87.91 +/- 22.39. There was significant improvement before and after treatment (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Selective cervical dorsal root cutting off part of the vertebral lateral mass fixation combined with exercise therapy was used to treat spastic cerebral paralysis of the upper limbs is safe and effective method, which can decrease muscular tension and improve motor function, which deserves more wide use.

Objective: To explore the mechanisms of proliferation and regeneration effects of a human nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) expression vector (pcDNA4-beta-NGF) on the transfected cat corneal endothelial cells in vitro. To provide a new method for long term cultivation of human corneal endothelial cells in vitro and to establish theoretical basis of gene therapy for corneal endothelial defects., Methods: It was a experimental study. The human pcDNA4-beta-NGF expression vector was constructed and transfected into cultured cat corneal endothelial cells by Effectene lipofectine transfection technique. The expression of the reporter gene pcDNA4-beta-LacZ expression was used to determine the transfection efficiency 48 hours after the transfection. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to check the transient expression status at mRNA and protein levels in cat corneal endothelial cells. Mitotic index and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) value were measured and cell numbers at different stages of cell cycles were determined by flow cytometer 96 hours after transfection. An in vitro quantitative cat corneal endothelial cell traumatic model was established which was used for observing the effect of human beta-NGF expression product on the DNA synthesis of cat endothelial cells and healing process of traumatized endothelial cells., Results: A human nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) expression vector (pcDNA4-beta-NGF)was successfully constructed and confirmed by sequence analysis. Single layered pure cat corneal endothelial cells were obtained by a modified sliced tissue culture technique and confirmed by morphological analysis, neurone specific enolase immunohistochemistry study and transmission electronic microscope. Effectene lipofectine mediated transfection efficiency of pcDNA4-beta-NGF into cat corneal endothelial cells in vitro was 11.3%. The human beta-NGF could be highly expressed in the transfected corneal endothelial cells at mRNA and protein levels. Mitotic index, MTT value and G1 stage cell numbers, as well as traumatically defected endothelial cells numbers during the healing process of human beta-NGF transfected corneal endothelial cells were statistically differed from the pre-transfected cells and control groups., Conclusions: Effectene lipofectine transfection technique could be effectively used for transfecting pcDNA4-beta-NGF into cat corneal endothelial cells in vitro with good efficacy and the gene could stably express to improve the proliferation and regeneration of the cat corneal endothelial cells. This method could be managed as an experimental basis to be applied in the experimental study for transfecting the human beta-NGF gene into human corneal endothelial cells. Therefore a new method for resolving the problem of impossible regeneration of corneal endothelial cells could become possible.

Objective: To assess superiority and safety of nasotracheal intubation with a thermal-softened tube guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope to establish an artificial airway for the institution of mechanical ventilation., Methods: A total of 209 patients were randomly allocated to two groups: "treated tube" group (52 centigrade treated tube group, n=105), common tube group (the tube was prepared at room temperature 23-26 centigrade, n=104). Nasotracheal intubation was guided by a fiberoptic bronchoscope to establish an artificial airway., Results: (1)The required time of the first successful nasotracheal intubation in the "treated tube" group [(14.48+/-8.31) seconds, 99 cases] was significantly shorter than in the common tube group [(23.85+/-11.97) seconds, 96 cases, P<0.01]. (2)Ratio of successful intubation in the "treated tube" group under conscious condition was higher than that of the common tube group [100% (28/28 cases) vs. 87.5% (21/24 cases), P<0.05]. (3) Ratio of successful intubation in 30 seconds in the "treated tube" group was significantly higher than that of the common tube group [93.9% (93/99 cases) vs. 68.6% (66/96 cases), P<0.01]. (4)The incidence of difficult intubation in the "treated tube" group [5.05% (5/99 cases)] was significantly lower than that of the common tube group [32.29%, (31/96 cases), P<0.01]. (5)The incidence of epistaxis in the first successful nasotracheal intubation in the "treated tube" group [4.0% (4/99 cases)] was significantly lower than that of the common tube group [15.6%,(15/96 cases), P<0.01]. (6)The incidence of epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation in conscious patients was lower in the "treated tube" (3.6%, 1/28 cases) group than that of the common tube group [28.6%, (6/21 cases), P<0.05]., Conclusion: The use of a thermal-softened nasotracheal tube to intubate guided by a fiberoptic bronchoscope to establish an artificial airway shortened preparation time before intubation. It is not necessary to use a vasoconstrictor for nasal mucosa before intubation, therefore cardiovascular effects due to the drugs can be avoided. It increases the willingness of conscious patients to accept the procedure and successful rate of the first intubation.

Three kinds of coal differed from fineness were burned in a laboratory-scale drop tube furnace for combustion test, and an 8-stage Andersen particle impactor was employed for sampling the primary particulate matter (PM), in order to study coal fineness effect on primary PM features during pulverized coal combustion. It has been shown that the finer the coal was, the finer the PM produced. PM, emission amount augmented with coal fineness decreased, and the amount of PM10 increased from 13 mg/g to 21 mg/g respectively generated by coarse coal and fine coal. The amount of PM2.5 increased from 2 mg/g to 8 mg/g at the same condition. Constituents and content in bulk ash varied little after three different fineness coal combustion, while the appearance of grading PM differed visibly. The value of R(EE) increased while the coal fineness deceased. The volatility of trace elements which were investigated was Pb > Cr > Zn > Cu > Ni in turn. The concentration of poisonous trace elements was higher which generated from fine coal combustion. The volatilization capacity was influenced little by coal fineness, but the volatilization extent was influenced differently by coal fineness. Fine coal combustion affects worse environment than coarse coal does.

Objective: To observe the effect of HPV16E7 specific expression vector on cell proliferation in cervical carcinoma SiHa cells., Methods: The HPV16E7 siRNA expression vector and empty expression vector were transfected into SiHa cells by liposome. The effects on E7 mRNA and E7 protein expression, cell cycle phase and cell growth rate were examined respectively by real-time RT-PCR, FCM and MTT assay., Results: The HPV16E7 siRNA expression vector significantly inhibited the expression levels of E7 mRNA and E7 protein, the inhibition rates being 92.15% and 84.30% respectively. It also inhibited the transition from G, phase to S phase and the growth of SiHa cell line., Conclusion: HPV16E7 specific siRNA expression vector could specifically and efficiently inhibit the expression of E7 gene and hence it could regulate cell cycle and inhibit cell proliferation in cervical carcinoma SiHa cells. siRNA expression vector

Objective: To test of the effect of vector-based RNA interference (RNAi) technique on inhibiting HPV16E7 gene in CaSki cells of cervical cancer., Methods: The HPV16E7-specific siRNA expression vectors P1, P2 and P3 were constructed and transfected into CaSki cells by liposome. The expression of HPV16E7 mRNA and protein were detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot., Results: The expression of HPV16E7 mRNA and protein decreased with the transfection of P1, P2 and P3. Vector P1 had the strongest inhibition effect, with an inhibition rates of 92.86% and 81.0% for the expression of HPV16E7 mRNA and protein respectively three weeks after transfection., Conclusion: The expression of E7 gene in CaSki cells can be inhibited by HPV16E7-specific siRNA expression vector.

The results of embryological observation on embryo development in the thirteen cultivars of jujube indicated that they shared the same experience from proembryo to globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo, torpedo-shaped embryo and cotyledon stage embryo. Embryo began aborting from globular or heart-shaped embryo period in most of cultivars of jujube, but in few of them embryo could keep synchronous developing to cotyledon stage embryo. And the courses of embryo development were not synchronous.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects of RNAi(RNA interference)expression vector on the expression of human papilomavirus E6 gene., Methods: siRNA expression vectors were constructed to be aimed directly at HPV16 E6 gene. The recombinants were transfected into cervical cancer cell line, caski, with liposomes. Expression of E6 was detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) and flow cytometry., Results: Three kinds of expression vectors could reduce the expression of E6 mRNA and protein all in caski-B cell. The expression of E6 mRNA reduced to 21.7% of control group, and the protein inhibition ratio reached 98.1%., Conclusion: The RNAi expression vector can effectively inhibit the expression of HPVE6 gene.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) can be used for the continuously on-line quantitative determination of the concentrations of several gas components in smoke gas. The process of acquiring accurate calibration of spectra is one of the most important steps in the quantitative analysis. In the present paper, a novel calibration technique was proposed and evaluated by the results of CO and HCl. Data obtained by this new technique were compared to those of conventional concentration-based calibration. The results showed that this calibration technique is feasible, and its reliability and validity were also confirmed. Further more, it has several other advantages, which will also be discussed here. Finally, the calibration problem that the substances are liquid at ambient temperature was solved by this technique.

Aim: To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of salbutamol aerosol in healthy volunteers., Methods: An HPLC method for the determination of salbutamol in human plasma was improved. Ten healthy male subjects were enrolled. A randomized, two-way crossover, open design was adopted. After the subjects inhaled or orally administered salbutamol, fourteen blood samples were taken at predetermined time. The concentrations of salbutamol in plasma were determined by HPLC, and then assessed with PCNONLIN software to obtain the pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability of aerosol versus water solution., Results: The standard curve was linear over the range 0.2-20 ng.mL-1. The intra- and interassay RSDs were 7.01% and 2.10% at 0.4 ng.mL-1, 2.18% and 5.25% at 4.0 ng.mL-1 and 4.61% and 4.85% at 15.0 ng.mL-1. The recoveries were between 90% and 110%. The pharmacokinetics of salbutamol aersol was described well with a two-compartment model, and the parameters for salbutamol inhaled and orally administered were assessed as follows: Tmax were (0.22 +/- 0.07) h and (1.8 +/- 0.6) h, Cmax were (3.4 +/- 1.1) ng.mL-1 and (3.9 +/- 1.4) ng.mL-1, T1/2 beta were (4.5 +/- 1.5) h and (4.6 +/- 1.1) h, respectively. The AUC0-20 min (inhal) was 7.94 times as high as the AUC0-20 min (p.o.). There were significant differences between Tmax, AUC, K12, K21, alpha and T1/2 alpha (P < 0.05). The relative bioavailability of salbutamol aerosol was 57.23% compared with its oral solution., Conclusion: The assay was sensitive, specific, accurate and precise. The absorption process of salbutamol aerosol in human was significantly different from that of the oral solution. It was demonstrated that AUC0-20 min reflected the lung availability of salbutamol inhaler.