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Background Community-based intervention is an important part of palliative care for advanced cancer patients. However, its role in the health management of advanced cancer patients remains to be supported by medical evidence. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of community-involved hospice care for patients with advanced cancer. Methods Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, CNKI, VIP were searched by using Chinese keywords such as "community" "medical model" and "advanced cancer", Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science were searched by using English keywords such as "Community-based" "Model of Palliative Care" "Advanced Cancer" "Quality of Life", to obtain randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to the efficacy of community-involved hospice care from 2007-01-01 to 2022-05-10 by using Cochrane system evaluation method on 2022-05-22. The quality of RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria was evaluated, and the valid information was extracted for meta-analysis. Results A total of 11 RCTs in English and 9 RCTs in Chinese were included in the study, involving 2 356 and 1 238 patients, respectively. Meta-analysis showed that compared with routine cancer care, community-involved hospice care could improve quality of life and symptom severity in patients with advanced cancer, demonstrated by increasing Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative Care scale socre〔MD (95%CI) =3.77 (0.83, 6.71) , P=0.01〕and Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients scale total score〔MD (95%CI) =12.53 (2.36, 22.69) , P=0.02〕, reducing Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale total score〔MD (95%CI) =-2.61 (-3.53, -1.70) , P

BackgroundNegative ion sources driven by radio frequency (RF) waves have become the preferred solution for future neutral beam injection systems.PurposeThis study aims to monitor the plasma discharge state of each exciter of a high power RF negative ion source by developing a plasma luminescence monitoring system based on a photodiode is designed and constructed.MethodsThe intensity of plasma emission was closely related to the number of specific collisions, collision particle density, and collision particle energy. Therefore, the intensity of plasma emission was applied to monitoring plasma parameters qualitatively, and a photodiode-based multichannel plasma luminescence monitoring system was designed and implemented to monitor the plasma discharge state of each exciter of a high power RF negative ion source. Based on a reasonable collision radiation model, plasma parameters were quantitatively obtained by analyzing the intensity of plasma characteristic spectral lines, and the influence of the filtering magnetic field generated by plasma current on plasma emission signals as experimental tested.ResultsExperimental results this monitoring system demonstrate that the real-time intensity information of plasma emission from different positions is successfully collected, and subsequently presented and saved in the form of voltage signals for real-time monitoring and post-data processing by the host computer. The intensity of plasma emission has a good linearity with RF discharge power.ConclusionsThe plasma light monitoring system of this study can accurately and real-time measure the excitation, maintenance, and extinction processes of plasma in the RF exciter.

Objective: To investigate the effects of wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus strain (VSV-IN) on immunomodulation and tumour metastasis in mouse triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) 4T1 cell transplantation model mice. Methods: After VSV-IN infected 4T1 cells with MOI=1, MOI=10 and MOI=100 for 12, 24 and 48 h, 4T1 cell mortality was detected by CCK-8 method, migration ability by scratch healing assay, and the expressions of E-cadherin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA by qPCR. The fat pads of female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 0.1 mL of 4T1 cells with a cell density of 1x106 cells/mL to construct a 4T1 cell-loaded mouse model. When the tumour volume reached 200 mm³, the mice were injected intratumorally with PBS, taxol (TAX) (15 mg/kg), and VSV (1x106 pfu) once a week, respectively. After 4 administrations, mice were executed, stripped of intact grafted tumour tissues, and tumour volume and mass were measured. Histopathological sections of the lungs were stained with H-E, and tumour metastatic nodules of the lungs were observed. The proportion of T-cell subpopulations in the spleen was detected by flow cytometry. The levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of migration-related proteins in mammary gland tumours were analysed by using the online analysis of GEPIA. The expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and E-cadherin in mouse tumours were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the affinity of G and M proteins of VSV-IN and ERK2 and E-cadherin was predicted by protein-protein docking technology. Results: The mortality rate of 4T1 cells after 48 hours of VSV treatment at MOI=10 and 100 were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that of the control group, the cell migration rate of the VSV-IN group (MOI=10) was significantly lower (P<0.01), and the relative expression of MMP-9 mRNA was significantly lower (P<0.05). Compared with those in the mice of the control group, transplanted tumours in the mice of the VSV-IN group grew more slowly, and their endpoint volume was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The number of lung metastatic nodules in the mice of the VSV group was significantly less than that of the control group ([12.86±1.86] vs [24±3.67], P<0.01). The proportions of splenic CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in the VSV group were significantly higher (both P<0.05). The serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly higher (both P< 0.01). GEPIA tool analysis revealed that the expression levels of E-cadherin and MMP-9 were higher in breast cancer tissues than in paracancerous tissues (P<0.05). The expression of MMP-9 in the tumour cells of the mice in the VSV-IN group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The binding free energies of G and M proteins of VSV-IN to ERK2 were -11.7 kcal/mol and -6.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: Wild-type VSV-IN inhibits the growth and metastasis of transplanted tumours in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, which may be related to its promotion of anti-tumour immunity and modulation of the expression of migration-related proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the evolution of the Internet and its platform, the architectural design industry has undergone a transformation from platform-based awareness to platform-based"budding", characterized by computational design and intelligent construction, showing a trend of establishing an Internet platform for the architectural design industry in the Metaverse, which is of positive significance for promoting the transformation and upgrade of the architectural design industry. This paper reviews the evolution of the Internet and its platforms over the last decade, and expounds the platform-based transformation under the influence of the Internet and its platforms. On this basis, four aspects, including design models, intelligent equipment, intelligent services, and system integration, of possible platform-based breakthroughs in the architectural design industry are analyzed in combination with Metaverse, and the envisaged development prospects of Internet platform for the architectural design industry is envisioned from the perspectives of function, effect and form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The passive radar is a new radar system based on third-party non-cooperative radiation sources, which has unique advantages in micro-Doppler target classification and recognition. Its characteristics determine that the micro-Doppler effect parameter estimation method must have a good anti-noise performance and a small amount of calculation. In view of these considerations, this study presents a new idea of helicopter rotor parameter estimation using an echo flicker in the time-frequency domain based on the micro-motion signal model for the passive radar. The echo flicker parameters are extracted by accumulating the amplitudes of the positive and negative frequency axis data in the time-frequency diagram. The dictionary matrix is constructed based on the inherent characteristics of the micro-motion signals. The blade length, blade number, rotor speed, and other parameters are estimated using the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm. Compared with the method based on the conventional Hough transform, the proposed method is more accurate and more rapid. The simulation and experimental results prove the feasibility of this method.

In embedded applications, in order to meet the design requirements of small area and low power consumption, a microprocessor supporting RISC-V instruction set architecture is designed. The system adopts a 2-level pipelined architecture and implements the RV32IMAC instruction set. The processor uses AHB bus as the on-chip interconnection bus, which can conveniently call external IP cores for function expansion. The logic function of the microprocessor is verified in VCS environment. The simulation results show that the microprocessor can run normally and stably. Then it is compared with the hummingbird E203 processor and ARM Cortex-M series processor in terms of area, power consumption and performance. The design is 6% smaller than the hummingbird E203 processor, and its power consumption and performance are equivalent to Cortex-M0 processor. The analysis results show that the processor is suitable for development in embedded application fields with small area and low power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the macronutrient and food intake of diabetics aged 45 years and above in China., Methods: The research data was based on the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance in 2015. The dietary nutrition status of diabetics living in community was investigated by questionnaire, condiments weighing and 3 days-24 hours dietary questionnaire. Assessment was compared with the recommended amount of macronutrient energy supply ratio in The guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China(2020 edition). The macronutrient energy supply ratio of patients with different types of diabetes was evaluated and their food intake was statistically analyzed., Results: The median of daily intake of total energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate were 1585 kcal, 50.1 g, 62.4 g and 200.1 g, respectively. The energy ratios of protein, fat and carbohydrate were 12.6%, 36.3% and 52.1%, respectively. In diabetics, the proportion of protein, fat and carbohydrate energy ratios that meet the recommendations in The guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China(2020 edition) were 20.5%, 21.7% and 40.4%, respectively., Conclusion: There is an unreasonable macronutrient energy ratio in the diet of diabetic over 45 years old in China, which mainly shows that the proportion of protein energy supply ratio in most diabetics is low, and the proportion of fat energy ratio exceeds the standard is high.

Objective: To investigate the dietary consumption of branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)intake status of middle-aged and elderly people 50 years and older in China, and to analyze the distribution differences between different ages, genders and regions., Methods: The research sample was derived from the 2015 Chinese adult chronic disease and nutrition monitoring data. The survey adopts the stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method, and selects 298 monitoring points from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities), a total of 44 218 people aged 50 years and over were sampled. Condiment weighing method, 24-hour dietary review method, and weighing method were used to obtain individual dietary data, and the dietary BCAAs intake of middle-aged and elderly people was calculated based on the Chinese Food Composition Table., Results: In 2015, the dietary BCAAs of middle-aged and elderly people in China accounted for 45.1% of leucine, 29.8% of valine and 25.1% of isoleucine. The top six dietary sources were cereals, red meat, vegetables, fish and seafood, beans and eggs. There were differences in the intake of three branched-chain amino acids(F=1926.67, P&lt;0.01), the intake of leucine was greater than that of valine, and the intake of valine was greater than isoleucine. There were statistically significant differences in dietary BCAAs intake between different age groups, genders, urban and rural areas and regions(P&lt;0.01), among which men were greater than women(t=12.89, P&lt;0.01), and the south was greater than the north(t=-6.36, P&lt;0.01), the eastern part was larger than the central part, and the central part was larger than the western part(F=82.42, P&lt;0.01). The intake of BCAAs decreased with the increase of age groups(F=22.69, P&lt;0.01), and there was no significant difference in age groups over 70 years old. The dietary intake of BCAAs was higher in the eastern coastal areas and Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet., Conclusion: There were gender, age and geographical differences in dietary BCAAs intake among middle-aged and elderly people in China, and the contribution of various foods to dietary BCAAs was also different.

Objective: To investigate the dietary fiber intake status and analyze the relationship between dietary fiber and glucose metabolic disorder of the elderly in China., Methods: Data were collected from the participants of Chinese adult chronic diseases and nutrition surveillance in 2015. General information were collected by standardized questionnaires, anthropometric index and blood pressure of respondents were measured according to standard method. Food intake was collected by three consecutive day 24 h dietary recalls, dietary fiber was calculated through China food composition. Fasting venous blood were collected to measure glucose, HbA1C, and other related biochemical index. Subjects were divided into three groups: normal glucose(NG, normal glucose), pre-diabetes(Pre-DM, pre-diabetes mellitus) and diabetes(T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus). Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between dietary fiber intake and Pre-DM as well as T2DM., Results: A total of 20 996 elderly people aged 60 years and above were included. There 10 773 cases were males(51.3%) and 10 223 cases were females(48.7%), the age of both gender were(68.21±6.26) years and(67.67±6.26) years. A total of 6526 cases of pre-diabetes were detected in 20 996 elderly participants with detection rate of 31.1%. There 3274 cases were male and 3252 cases were female, the detection rates of both genders were 30.4% and 31.8%, respectively. While 1572 participants were detected as T2DM(784 of males and 788 of females), the detection rate of T2DM was 7.5%, 7.3% for males and 7.7% for females. There were significant differences in mean age, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, HbA1c level among different dietary intake groups(P&lt;0.005). With the increase of dietary fiber intake, the proportion of overweight and obesity, central obesity and dyslipidemia showed an increasing trend(P&lt;0.05), and the proportion of hypertension showed a decreasing trend(P&lt;0.000 1). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, compared to participants with lowest fiber intake, participants in subgroups of lower, minor lower, and higher fiber intake were associated with decreased risk of pre-diabetes, the OR and 95%CI were(OR=0.911, 95%CI 0.835-0.993), (OR= 0.861, 95%CI 0.790-0.938) and(OR= 0.913, 95%CI 0.838-0.994), respectively. However, there was only a statistically significant negative association between the higher intake of dietary fiber and T2DM(OR = 0.848, 95%CI 0.726-0.991)., Conclusion: Dietary fiber intake was negatively related with diabetes and pre-diabetes mellitus. The risk of glucose metabolic disorder was decreased with the increase of dietary fiber intake.

Objective: To evaluate the consistency of blood lipid test result under different storage conditions., Methods: Blood samples from 140 subjects were collected, centrifuged and were divided into five aliquots. One aliquot was used to determine serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) immediately, and the other four parts were stored at 4 ℃ for 4 h, 24 h, and frozen at-20 ℃ and-80 ℃ for 30 d, respectively, for the further measurement., Results: Immediate 0 h detection was compared with 4 ℃ for 4 h and 24 h, -20 ℃and-80 ℃ for 30 d: The difference Bland-Altman method was used to analyze TC and LDL-C data, and the mean TC difference values was 0.00, 0.00, 0.07 and 0.03 mmol/L, respectively. LDL-C difference value was-0.02, -0.04, -0.02 and-0.07 mmol/L, respectively, and 95% of the points were within the clinically acceptable conformance threshold. Ratio Bland-Altman method was used to analyze TG and HDL-C data. The mean TG ratios was 1.01, 1.00, 1.05, 1.05, and the mean HDL-C was 1.01, 1.03, 1.05 and 1.03, respectively. Ninety-five percent of the points were within the clinically acceptable consistency boundary. According to the 2021 Interlaboratory Quality Evaluation Standard of Clinical Laboratory Center of National Health Commission, the Bland-Altman analysis showed good consistency between the test result of different blood samples under different storage conditions and the immediate test result., Conclusion: In large population epidemiological studies, the results of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG in sera being refrigerated at 4 ℃ for 4 h and 24 h, and frozen at-20 ℃ and-80 ℃ for 30 d, were consistent with the result of immediate detection.

Objective: To explore the association between different types of obesity and blood pressure in adolescents aged 12-17 years in eastern China., Methods: Using multi-stage stratified random sampling, a total of 8279 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years in eastern China were selected as the research objects from the "Nutrition and Health Surveillance for Chinese Children and Nursing Mothers" project from 2016 to 2017. According to BMI and WHtR, the subjects were divided into four types: non-obesity, general obesity, simple abdominal obesity and combined obesity. The normal high blood pressure and high blood pressure of people with different types of obesity were determined according to Blood Pressure Standards for Children at 3-17 Years Old Per Year and Height in China. The relationship between different types of obesity and the prevalence of high blood pressure was analyzed by χ~2 test, analysis of variance, multi-level linear model and multi-level Logistic regression model., Results: The prevalence of high normal blood pressure was 13. 66%(1069), and the prevalence of high blood pressure was 18. 79%(1782) in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in eastern China. In the non-obese group, the prevalence of high normal blood pressure was 12. 85%(732), and the prevalence of high blood pressure was 13. 79%(999). In the general obesity group, the prevalence of high normal blood pressure was 20. 45%(99), and the prevalence of high blood pressure was 23. 62%(160). In the central obesity group, the prevalence of high normal blood pressure was 6. 95%(32), and the prevalence of high blood pressure was 14. 64%(87). The prevalence of high normal blood pressure was 16. 68%(206), and the prevalence of high blood pressure was 42. 42%(536) in the complex obesity group. The prevalence of high blood pressure(χ~2=8. 05, P&lt;0. 01) the difference was statistically significant. Results of the multi-level model showed that the risk of high blood pressure in central obesity group was significantly higher in girls than in non-obese group(OR=1. 50, 95%CI 1. 12-2. 02). The risk of high normal blood pressure(OR=2. 05, 95%CI 1. 62-2. 58; OR=1. 83, 95%CI 1. 38-2. 42) and high blood pressure(OR=2. 06, 95%CI 1. 59-2. 67; OR=1. 57, 95%CI 1. 15-2. 14) in obese boys and girls were significantly higher than those in non-obese group. The risk of high normal blood pressure(OR=3. 80, 95%CI 3. 19-4. 51; OR=2. 79, 95%CI 2. 30-3. 37), high blood pressure(OR=4. 07, 95%CI 3. 39-4. 88; OR=2. 84, 95%CI 2. 32-3. 46) in both boys and girls with compound obesity was significantly higher than that in the non-obese group., Conclusion: Different types of obesity have varying degrees of correction with different blood pressure levels in adolescents aged 12-17 years, combined obesity has the highest risk of elevated blood pressure.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between glucose and blood lipid among adolescents aged 12-17 years in eastern China during 2016-2017., Methods: The data comes from the "Chinese Children and Nursing Mothers Nutrition and Health Monitoring" during 2016-2017. The detection of blood glucose and blood lipids were conducted among 8873 subjects(4405 boys, 4468 girls) from 8 provinces and 3 municipality of eastern China by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Logistic regression was used to explore the factors related to abnormal blood glucose., Results: The average fasting blood-glucose of boys was(5. 24±0. 53)mmol/L, and girls was(5. 13±0. 54)mmol/L(t=9. 64, P&lt;0. 05). The average fasting blood-glucose decreased with the increased of age(F=109. 50, P&lt;0. 05). The abnormal rate of fasting blood-glucose differed among the subjects of various age groups were significant difference(χ~2=27. 16, P&lt;0. 05). The abnormal rate fasting blood glucose of boys was 3. 44%(149 cases), and girls was 1. 93%(85 cases)(χ~2=14. 06, P&lt;0. 05). The abnormal rate of 12-13 years old was the higest(n=126, 3. 58%) and the 16-17 years old was the lowest(n=42, 1. 67%). Both the TC and LDL-C were higher among the subjects with abnormal fasting blood glucose than those with normal fasting blood glucose(t=3. 03, P&lt;0. 05;t=2. 41, P&lt;0. 05). The result of logistic analysis showed that as the increase of TC level, the risk of abnormal fasting blood glucose was increased(OR=1. 98, 95%CI 1. 06-3. 71)., Conclusion: The level of fasting blood glucose and the abnormal rate of fasting blood glucose varies in age and sex. The higher level of TC might be the risk factor of abnormal fasting blood glucose among adolescents.

Objective: To analyze dietary energy and macronutrients intake among Chinese older adults from 2010 to 2012., Methods: Data was from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. Dietary intake information was collected by three days food recall and weighed record of edible oil and condiments among 16 612 older adults. Daily energy and three macronutrients intake were calculated according to Chinese Food Composition 2004 and 2009 edition, and then evaluated by 2013 Chinese dietary reference intake., Results: The daily average energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake of Chinese older adults was(1840. 9 ± 636. 7) kcal/d, (255. 9 ± 106. 8) g/d, (55. 6±22. 7) g/d and(66. 8±35. 0) g/d, respectively. The mean proportion of energy supplied from carbohydrate, protein and fat was(55. 7% ± 12. 1%), (12. 3% ± 3. 4%)and(32. 5% ± 11. 7%), respectively. Total energy intake, carbohydrate intake and proportion of energy from carbohydrate among urban elderly were lower than that in rural, whereas protein and fat intake as well as their contribute rate for energy were higher in urban than those in rural. Regardless of urban and rural areas, four regions and genders, there was a decreasing trend of energy and macronutrient intake with the increase of age(P<0. 01). There 57. 0% of male and 53. 8% of female had lower protein intake than the recommended value, while 56. 7% of male and 56. 8% of female had higher fat contribution for energy upper than 30%. The rate of protein intake deficiency among participants aged 60-69 years old, 70-79 years old, 80 years old and above was 51. 0%, 61. 2% and 68. 6% respectively, and the proportion of energy from fat that exceeded 30%was 56. 9%, 56. 3% and 57. 1%, respectively., Conclusion: The daily average macronutrients intake model was unreasonable with higher fat but lower protein among Chinese older adults.

Objective: To summarize clinical manifestations, inheritance pattern and mutations of NR0B1 gene in 7 children with X-linked adrenal dysplasia congenita (XL-AHC)., Methods: Clinical data of the 7 children was collected. Next-generation sequencing was carried out to detect potential mutations in the coding regions of adrenal gland-related genes. Suspected mutations were verified with Sanger sequencing., Results: In all of the children, the initial symptom was adrenocortical insufficiency. Five cases had neonatal onset, while the remaining two developed it at the age of 2. Three cases (42.9%) had a short stature and 1 showed growth retardation (14.3%). Of the 7 cases, 6 (85.7%) had mutations occurring in exon 1, and 1 (14.3%) had it occurring in exon 2. Four cases (57.1%) were frameshift mutations, 2 cases (28.6%) were nonsense mutations and 1 case (14.3%) was missense mutation. Two mutations were known to be pathogenic, and 5 had not been reported previously. Maternal inheritance was found in 6 cases. Three children had a maternal uncle died of unexplained causes. The mothers of 2 children had a history of spontaneous abortions. One child had a brother died of unexplained reason., Conclusion: Male children with primary adrenal insufficiency should be routinely checked for NR0B1 mutations, especially those with a family history. mutations of NR0B1 gene occur mostly in exon 1, with frameshift mutations being the most common type. The development of all patients with XL-AHC should be closely monitored during follow-up.

Objective: To analyze clinical characteristics, genetic mutation and therapeutic effect of seven patients diagnosed with congenital hyperinsulinism(CHI)., Methods: Clinical data for the patients was retrospectively analyzed., Results: All patients presented with hyperinsulinism(serum insulin:2.0-58.4 mU/L),even after hypoglycemia (blood glucose: 0.7-2.39 mmol/L) has developed. Mutations were identified in 4 patients (57.1%), which included a heterozygous c.262C to T(p.R88C) mutation in exon 4 of the UCP2 gene, a heterozygous c.1495C to A(p.G499C) mutation in exon 12 of the GLUD1 gene, a heterozygous c.1493C to T(p.S498L) mutation in exon 1 of the GLUD1 gene, and a heterozygous c.4432G to A(p.G1478R) mutation in exon 37 of the ABCC8 gene. The patient carrying a maternally inherited ABCC8 mutation was treated with cornstarch and had his blood glucose kept normal. All other patients responded well to diazoxide., Conclusion: A genetic diagnosis was attained for 51.7% of patients in this study. Mild CHI patients can have their blood glucose controlled by giving cornstarch. Diazoxide is safe and effective for most CHI patients.

Objective: To know the prevalence of low body weight among middleaged and elderly people in general rural areas of China and investigate the influence factors., Methods: A total of 25 464 participants who were 45 years old and above from2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance as subjects to investigate the prevalence of low body weight. For 545 low body weight participants, we performed a1∶ 2 case-control study to investigate the influence factors. The content of survey included3-condecutive days-24-hour dietary recall, physical examinations, physical activity and social economic factor., Results: The prevalence of low body weight among middle-aged and elderly people was 5. 27%, 5. 52% for male and 5. 05% for female. The prevalence of low body weight increased with the age( P < 0. 01). The daily intake of energy, total proteins, high quality proteins, fat and fruits were lower in low body weight than normal body weight among middle-aged and elderly people( P < 0. 01), however, the consumption of smoking and alcohol were higher in low body weight than normal body weight( P < 0. 01). Multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the daily intake of total proteins, vegetables and fruits were protective factors and unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking were risk factors among low body weight people., Conclusion: The prevalence of low body weight at a higher level among middle-aged and elderly people in general rural areas of China. It is necessary to promote the middle-aged and elderly people to increase the consumption of high-protein foods, vegetables and fruits, quit smoking and control drinking.

Objective: To understand the status of milk consumption in Chinese elderly from 2010 to 2012 and to compare with the status in 2002., Methods: Using dietary data of the 24 h recall method for 3 consecutive days and food weighting method from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010- 2012 and the Chinese Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002, to analyze the consumption status of dairy products in Chinese elderly and the change between the past ten years., Results: The average milk consumption for Chinese elderly was 32. 7 g / d. Rate on intake of dairy products during the three survey days was 21. 59%. Liquid milk was the most usual type of milk consumption. The milk consumption in urban area was significantly higher than rural area( P < 0. 001). The milk consumption of people in ≥70 years old was significantly higher than the people in 60- 69 years old( P < 0. 001). The proportion of Chinese elderly whose total amount of milk intake reached Chinese dietary guidelines recommended level( 300 g / d) was merely1. 21%. The milk intake of Chinese elderly in 2010- 2012 reduced 5%-43% comparedto 2002. The milk consumption in 60- 69 years old people in urban reduced the most obviously. The gap between urban and rural made narrower., Conclusion: The consumption of dairy products was seriously inadequate in Chinese elderly and the trend was reducing.

Objective: To analyze the consumption of eggs in Chinese aged 65 years and above., Methods: Data were collected from 2010- 2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance. Information on consumption was collected by using the FFQ. The participants selected were 65 years old and above on 150 counties from 31 provinces in China by using the method of multi-stage stratified cluster randomization sampling. The average consumption of eggs was reported by quartile., Results: The average daily consumptions of eggs in Chinese aged 65 and above residents were 25. 7 g( P25 9. 2 g / d, P50 25. 7 g / d, P75 50. 4 g / d). In the big city, small and medium-sized city, rural and poor rural areas, those were 36. 9- 50. 0 g / d, 21. 4-28. 6 g / d, 14. 3- 21. 4 g / d and 17. 1-21. 4 g / d, respectively. Percentage of these residents on intake of eggs were 93. 5%. In the big city, small and medium-sized city, rural and poor rural, those were 93. 0%-96. 8%, 87. 6%-95. 2%, 91. 5%-96. 0% and 85. 5%-94. 9%, respectively. The proportion of people whose total amount of eggs intake reached 40 g / d was 35. 5%. Insuch mentioned areas, those were 49. 1%-58. 7%, 29. 4%-37. 9%, 18. 5%-31. 0% and26. 4%-31. 3%, respectively., Conclusion: The consumption rates of eggs were quite high in Chinese aged 65 years and above, whereas the intake of eggs was inadequate. Compared with recommendation of The Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents, there was still a large gap.

Objective: To analyze salt intake among Chinese aged 60 and above in2010- 2012., Methods: Data was from 2010- 2012 Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance. Salt and condiment intake information of Chinese elderly was collected by the 3-condecutive days-24-hour dietary recall and food weighting method, the average salt intake was calculated based on energy percentage of family members., Results: The daily average salt intake of Chinese elderly was( 8. 8 ± 6. 8) g / d, the level was( 9. 5 ± 7. 2) g / d for male and( 8. 2 ± 6. 3) g / d for female, ( 7. 9 ± 6. 2) g / d for urban areas and( 9. 9 ±7. 2) g / d for rural areas. Salt intake among the elderly in big cities, medium-sized and small cities, general rural and poor rural was( 7. 3 ± 5. 8) g / d, ( 8. 6 ± 6. 6) g / d, ( 9. 9 ±6. 9) g / d and( 10. 1 ± 7. 9) g / d, respectively. The average daily salt intake decreased with increasing age and also declined with the increase of per capita annual income, while the average daily intake of salt increased from illiteracy to primary school and thendecreased in junior middle-school or above. Compared with the salt recommendation( less than 6g / d) from Chinese residents dietary guidelines 2016 edition, there were only37. 7% of elderly meet with salt recommendation, 41. 0% of participants were in the level between 6 g to 11 g, and 21. 4% were higher than 12 g. Urban participants whose salt intake were less than 6 g, 6 g to 11 g and higher than 12 g accounted for 43. 4%, 40. 3%and 16. 3%, while in rural areas these percentage were 30. 7%, 41. 7% and 27. 6%, respectively., Conclusion: The daily average salt intake among Chinese elderly was still in high level, and the elderly should reduce salt consumption gradually.

Objective: To analyze the dietary factors on sarcopenia in elderly in Beijing and provide nutritional recommendations for the sarcopenia., Method: A total of 830 participants aged 60 and above and without serious diseases were selected from two representative communities in Beijing. A cross-sectional research design was used, including inquiry investigation, dietary surveys (food frequency questionnaire) anthropometry, muscle mass and functional assessment., Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 20.1% in this area, the men was 17.1%, while the women was 21.6% (P > 0.05). The prevalence of sarcopenia in the five age groups has significant statistically difference (chi2 = 19.03, P = 0.0008) and increased with age rising (Z = -4.18, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of sarcopenia would be downward if the time of exercise prolonged and body mass index (BMI) increased (P < 0.05). The prevalence of sarcopenia in the group of meat consumption <35, 35-70, > 70 g/d was 24.5%,19.9% and 15. 3% (chi2 = 6.02, P = 0.0492), respectively (trend test for groups comparison, Z = 2.45, P =0.0141). The prevalence of sarcopenia in the group of egg consumption <35, 35-60, >60 g/d was 25.8%, 18.7% and 11.3% (chi2 = 6.50, P = 0.0388), respectively ( trend test for groups comparison, Z =2. 55, P = 0.0109). The prevalence of sarcopenia in the group of energy consumption < 1612, 1612-2109, > 2109 kcal/d was 25.8%,19.5% and 15. 0% (x2 = 8. 19 , P = 0. 0158), respectively (trend test for groups comparison, Z = 2.87, P = 0.0042). The prevalence of sarcopenia in the group of protein consumption < 58.2, 58.2 - 78.4, > 78.4 g/d was 25.3%, 18.2% and 16.7% (chi2 = 5.97, P = 0. 0505 ) , respectively (Z = 2.28, P = 0.0227). After controlling the influence of age, BMI, exercise and education, meat consumption (beta = -0.1703, P = 0.0119), egg consumption (beta = -0.1545, P = 0.0302) and the high quality protein consumption (beta = -0.1805, P = 0.0302) were negatively related with sarcopenia., Conclusion: Animal food, such as meet and egg, is an important protective factor for sarcopenia. Therefore, it is the first important thing for the elderly to ensure adequate energy intake, then you should increase the animal food intake which contains high quality protein to prevent sarcopenia.

Objective: To investigate the dietary pattern during pregnancy and the compositions of fatty acids of phosphatidylcholine (PC) during pregnancy in different regions of China., Method: 35 Health women of each region were recruited from three different geographical regions in China: Jurong (an inland region close to freshwater), Rizhao (a coastal region) and Xushui (an inland region with limited access to freshwater). All women were long-term residents of their respective region. Their dietary status (including consumption frequency of food and consumption of culinary oil) during second trimester pregnancy was recorded and the fatty acid composition of PC in plasma during late pregnancy (34 weeks gestation) was quantified by GC., Results: The consumption frequency of marine fish in Rizhao was significant higher than in other two regions. The main n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of PC in plasma was docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in all regions. The composition of DHA in three regions were (3.31 +/- 0.77) %, (3.74 +/- 1.21) % and (2.44 +/- 0.63) %, respectively. The composition of DHA in Xushui was significant lower than in other two regions (P < 0.017). There was positive relationship between consumption frequency of marine fish and composition of DHA of PC in plasma (r = 0.337, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: There was relationship between pregnant women's fatty acids composition of PC in plasma and their dietary. The consumption of food with high content of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy would be more practical for DHA store of pregnant women.

Objective: To establish models to predict the risk of dyslipidemia in individuals, and then to explore and evaluate new prediction models., Methods: The epidemiological survey data of 8914 community residents was selected and divided into a trained group (6686 cases) and a test group (2228 cases). Artificial neural network (ANN) and Logistic regression analysis were used to establish prediction models, and then the results were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve., Results: The specificity (64.79%) of AAN model forecasting the results of test group was lower, but the sensitivity (94.86%), Youden's index (59.65%) and consistency rate (81.23%) of AAN model was higher than the Logistic regression predicted model (specificity = 77.49%, sensitivity = 53.51%, Youden' s index = 31.00% and consistency rate = 81.23%, respectively). Moreover, the area under ROC curve of ANN prediction model (Az = 0.824 +/- 0.009) was significantly bigger than the Logistic regression prediction model (Az = 0. 655 +/- 0.012)., Conclusion: The discrimination performance of ANN model is better than Logistic regression in the prediction of health risk of dyslipidemia in individuals.