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Objective To study the osteogenic potential of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP⁃2) combined with Bio ⁃ oss bone substitute in the implant restoration of bone defects in the anterior esthetic region. Methods Twelve patients who underwent the immediate placement of 20 implants with a bone augmentation procedure using rhBMP⁃2 and Bio⁃oss were included in this study. Changes in the height and thickness of the buccal bone over 6 months were measured, and the soft tissue was evaluated using the pink esthetic score (PES) after crown placement. Results All 20 implants were successfully osseointegrated, and the average increase in bone height was 1.9 mm; different degrees of bone height growth were observed for 17 (85%) implants sites. In one case, there was a severe bone fracture on the buccal side before the operation, resulting in bone plate resorption and decreased alveolar bone height. The bone height did not change significantly in 2 cases. The thickness of the buccal bone plate for all implants was greater than 1 mm. The average thickness was 1.9 mm, and the average PES was 9.8 points. Conclusion rhBMP ⁃ 2 combined with Bio⁃oss bone substitute has a preferable effect on the restoration of bone defects in the anterior esthetic area, and can achieve good aesthetic effect.