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The feasibility of applying the new technology of atmospheric pressure multi-color bath dyeing on woven fabrics was verified from the aspects of yarn selection, fabric organization, color matching, dyeing process, and fabric performance evaluation, etc. According to the expected design requirements, fabric samples were first woven out and dyed, and then the air permeability, color fastness to rubbing and color fastness to soaping of the obtained fabrics were tested. The results show that woven fabrics interwoven with cationic modified polyester and other fibers of different structures can achieve atmospheric pressure multi-color one-bath dyeing, with a high dye uptake rate, and the residual dyeing liquid is clear and reusable. The color fastness to rubbing and color fastness to soap-washing of the fabric are both at grade 4 and above, and the sample cloth has good dyeing fastness. The fabric has good air permeability, and the novel atmospheric pressure cationic dyeable polyester fabric with a triangular cross-section microstructure is more conducive to air circulation than conventional polyester fabrics with a circular cross-section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist destinations in China increasingly are seeking to enhance their publicity efforts through the use of endorsements by Chinese celebrities. We examined whether the attitudes of target audiences toward a destination will change when a celebrity is employed for advertising purposes; and if such changes occur, we sought to find out what specifically they are. Compared with this increasing practice in marketing, the study of the effect of celebrity endorsements is still in its infancy. Existing studies place great emphasis on the impacts a celebrity's personal attributes have on the target audience's reaction toward the advertising (e.g., attitude toward the advertisement, attitude toward destination, and intent to visit), and ignore other important factors that may influence the effects of celebrity endorsements, such as celebrity- destination match and the degree of personal involvement. The audience has during information processing concerning the endorsement. This paper attempts to provide an initial exploration of the effect of levels of celebrity-destination match and personal involvement on tourists' attitudes toward destinations. We used a 2 (personal involvement: high or low) x 3 (endorsement type: match-up, mismatch, or no endorser) between subjects design. The results showed that the study subjects' attitudes toward destinations when they had a low level of involvement significantly differed among the match-up, mismatch, and no-endorser scenarios. Specifically, with low involvement, when the celebrity and destination matched, attitudes were significantly better than those in the no- endorser scenario, and attitudes in the no- endorser scenario were significantly better than in the mismatch scenario. In comparison, attitudes when there was high involvement did not differ significantly among the three scenarios. The result of a simple effects test also implied both attitudes (when there was high personal involvement in the match-up and no-endorser scenarios) were significantly better than those when there was low involvement; while in the mismatch scenario, there were no significant differences between attitudes when there was both high and low personal involvement. These results have theoretical and practical implications. From a theoretical standpoint, we examined the validity of the Elaboration Likelihood Model in a destination celebrity endorsement scenario by analyzing the effects of both celebrity- destination match and personal involvement on tourists' attitudes, and showed that the perspective of the match-up hypothesis holds up under the low involvement scenario. From a marketing standpoint, we suggest that the destination marketing organization (DMO) conduct a survey to understand which celebrity attributes (e.g., age, sex, profession, personality, reputation) affect audiences' perceptions of the level of the match between celebrity and destination. The DMO can then determine who are the more ideal endorsers and design its promotional efforts accordingly. More fundamentally, to improve marketing outcomes, it is important to ensure a coordinated relationship among celebrity attributes, destination image positioning, and tourists' interests. Finally, considering that an undesired destination image evolution may occur because of the different channels through which tourists receive information, the DMO should integrate different marketing channels to ensure that the information delivered through them transmits the same image signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of internet technology, many application tools based on the internet have become popular. In addition, the media used by tourists has been abundant and diversified. Through internet, more and more tourists acquire tourism information, make tourism plans, purchase tourism services and exchange their experiences. The network channels such as official websites, micro-blogs, and e- commerce platforms of tourism destinations construct a network interface for tourists to communicate with the destinations. The information diffused by these network interfaces may greatly affect tourist perceptions of the destination image. Based on desk research and interviews of tourists, this research defines the characteristics of tourism destination network interface as 3 factors: information value, friendly interface and interactive interface. This research aimed to investigate the internet users such that all the survey questionnaires were all carried out through the internet. We issued the questionnaire on a famous Chinese internet investigation/information? platform (http://www.sojump.com). By snowball sampling, we sent the web link to the frequent tourism web surfers through our Sina microblog, Tencent microblog, and other tourism online communities (such as http://www.8264.com) and invited the members to fill in and forward to their friends. A total of 653 questionnaires were obtained over a three-month period. After eliminating incomplete and non-valid responses, 422 questionnaires remained for analysis in this study, with an acceptable effective rate of 65 percent. To explore the effect of tourism destination network interface on tourist experience and brand image, this research constructed a structural equation model (SEM) for characteristics of tourism destination network interface, tourist experience, and tourism destination brand image. We used AMOS17.0 software to estimate the model, test the fit index, path coefficient and T-value. The results suggest that the 3 factors of tourism destination network interface affect the destination brand image through functional experience and emotional experience, but the effect of information value on emotional experience is not significant. As a result, compared to the traditional environment, there are more factors of tourism destination affecting tourists'conceptions to tourism destinations within an internet context and the mechanism of image building is more complex. Based on these findings, this paper proposes some strategic suggestions for tourism destinations to optimize their network interfaces, improve tourist experiences, and enhance the destination brand image. The tourism destination marketers should (1) choose a suitable network interface and promote proper information to enhance the attractiveness of the interface; (2) have a clear mind on the positioning of the brand image through the internet and make sure the brand image is built consistently by different network platforms; (3) improve design technology of the network interface to enhance the appearance of network interface, optimize the content expression and to increase the tourists' stickiness; (4) strengthen the interaction of the network interface to help tourists to understand internet information and to communicate with each other. These initiatives will be of great help for improving the destination brand image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public participation has long been a topic of research on tourism in countries outside China. However, almost no research has been carried out on public participation in the public affairs of destinations from a holistic perspective. Most research has instead concentrated on particular types of public participation within a destination's public affairs, such as in the planning domain. This paper reviews the contributions of 133 studies that relate to the topic of public participation in destination public affairs. First, we investigate the general characteristics of these studies. This research shows that public participation was first introduced as a tourism research topic in the 1980s, that most research has been carried out in European and North American countries, and that most of the studies can be characterized as applied research, with only 26 being theoretical in nature. Second, we analyze the theoretical basis of all the papers and find that stakeholder theory, collaboration theory, new public administration theory, modern democratic theory, governance theory, and social capital theory have been the main theoretical constructs used within reported research. Third, we analyze the actual research content of these papers from seven aspects. The first being analyses of the conception and connotation of public participation in the public affairs of destinations. For this aspect, foreign researchers differentiate between community participation, local participation, aboriginal participation, resident participation, citizen participation, stakeholder participation and public participation. The second aspect analyzes the values underlying public participation in the public affairs of destinations. International studies put forward the idea that effective public participation can not only realize the potential value of government and public input in the development and management of destinations, but can also contribute to the sustainable development of each destination. The third aspect covers public participation in decision making at a destination. For this, we analyzed nine participative and collaborative decision making cases found in foreign research. The fourth aspect is public participation in tourism planning, which is one of the earliest and most in-depth fields of analysis in terms of research on public participation in the public affairs of destinations. International studies have researched the levels, ways, processes and influencing factors of public participation and how to define participants. The fifth aspect is public participation in destination marketing. In regard to this, international research shows that as a result of the complexity of destination products and resource interdependence between stakeholders, destination marketing should be collaborative. At the same time, destination branding as an integrated campaign also requires public participation. The sixth aspect is public participation in tourism infrastructure management in a destination, and our review shows that international research considers present levels of public participation in tourism infrastructure management to be inadequate. The seventh aspect concerns public participation in other areas of tourism development in communities, such as tourism events, tourism public projects, tourism research and tourism voluntary action, and our review shows that this is not universal. In conclusion, our study suggests that future research should pay attention to the following matter's if defining public participation in the public affairs of destinations and perfecting a theoretical system are the main objectives: the need to set up a mechanism that includes participation subjects, objects, levels, processes and evaluation; the need to expand research domains to cover more public affairs that require public participation; and the need to construct guidelines for actual participation and explore appropriate paths for China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governance is an emerging paradigm for optimizing the destination management model. This paper reviews 132 papers from outside China that study 'tourism governance', 'destination governance' and 'tourism partnership' . First, this paper investigates the number of papers that are considering destination governance. This study finds that that the governance paradigm was first introduced as a concept in tourism research in 1993. We then analyze the spatial distribution of the destination governance research papers and find that most of them focus on European countries. Most of the 132 papers are based on in applied research, with only three being theoretical research. Second, this paper analyzes the details of the research of 132 papers. We focus particularly on seven aspects, some of which we have amalgamated here. The first aspect is the conception and connotation of destination governance. Foreign research discusses this aspect from three perspectives; government management, social self-governance and social co-governance. The second aspect is the significance of destination governance. Foreign papers put forward the notion because it integrates government and non-government resources, destination governance can improve destination competitiveness, promote destination sustainable development, and effectively execute the tourism plan. The third aspect focused on how foreign research has investigated destination governance modes and how they have undertaken an evaluation of these. The research papers propose diversified management modes and view "good governance" as the evaluation standard of destination governance. The fourth aspect that was focused on was how foreign research dealt with multilevel destination governance. We found that foreign research has studied seven levels, ranging from the global to the local. Of these, most focus on local and community destinations. The fifth aspect was how foreign research studied destination partnership governance. We found that foreign research studied two topics; the developing process of partnerships, and the evaluation of the partnerships. The research ascertains that tourism partnerships, especially public-private partnerships, are dynamic processes and should be evaluated according to different standards (for example; partners' representativeness, commitment to partnership, production efficiency, and social learning). The sixth aspect focused on collaborative destination governance. Foreign research has investigated the characteristics of several case studies and concluded that collaborative partners should focus on the positive benefits of collaboration and not on self-interest and self-development. The final aspect was how foreign research deals with destination network governance. Foreign research focuses on the formation process and the structural features of the destination network. Finally, this paper analyzes, in depth, the shortage of foreign research and provides relevant propositions for further research on destination governance. Specifically, further research on destination governance should accurately combine the two concepts of destination and governance to construct an overall theory system of destination governance. This theory should focus on affairs ( such as the supply of tourism public service, and the protection of destination environment) ; to extend the scope of research; expanding the geographical distribution of the research to improve the applicability of research conclusions; establishing an effective participation mechanism for relevant stakeholders; and exploring the adaptability of destination governance in developing countries, especially in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With strict scrutiny on public sector funding of the tourism sector and increasingly fierce competition between tourism destinations, DMOs' expenditure on marketing activities has been subject to recent debate and the question of effectiveness has become a key issue. In terms of evaluating whether and how the marketing works to affect visitor behavior, performance evaluation of tourist destination marketing has become an inevitable requirement for the development of practice. But destination marketing performance evaluation is the most challenging problem in the area of destination marketing research because of the multi-source destination information and complex tourist decision-making process. The paper summarizes relevant studies domestically and overseas regarding performance evaluation of tourist destination marketing and concludes the researches from the concepts of destination marketing organization performance evaluation and Marcom performance evaluations. Through the review of these studies, the paper indicates that this field remains in its infancy. Though some progress has been made in the past few years, there is a lack of consistency in defining what metrics should be used to evaluate the destination marketing performance. And there hasn't got an acknowledged conceptual framework. At last, the paper provides the prospects for future research in the hope of providing references for domestic theoretical studies and practical activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]