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In order to enhance the flavor and texture of sourdough steamed bread, this study analyzed the growth, fermentation and aroma production characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae XTC-y11 and XTC-m13, Cyberlindnera jadinii HSO-y3, which had been isolated from sourdough, and S. cerevisiae CICC 31616 and evaluated the sensory quality and volatile flavor compounds of steamed bread made with each of these strains. The results revealed that XTC-y11 grew at the fastest rate. XTC-y11 and XTC-m13 had better sugar metabolism than the other strains. Compared with S. cerevisiae CICC 31616, XTC-y11 produced more gas, and XTC-m13 resulted in a larger expansion volume of dough, showing higher fermentation capacity. The total ester concentration of the fermentation broth of HSO-y3 at 24 h was highest (1.672 g/100 mL). The whiteness, hardness, chewability and elasticity of steamed bread with XTC-y11 or XTC-m13 were moderate. The results of sensory evaluation showed that steamed bread with XTC-y11 or XTC-m13 scored highest. Altogether, 37 volatile components were identified in the four steamed breads by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), with the predominance of alcohols and esters. 4-Pentenoic acid, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, (E)-2-hexenoic acid, ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate and 2-amylfuran were predominant in steamed bread with XTC-y11, while esters were predominant in steamed bread with HSO-y3. Using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), we found significant differences in volatile components among the four steamed breads, and identified 18 differential compounds. In summary, XTC-y11 had a positive effect on the flavor and quality of steamed breads. This study provides a favorable reference for improving the quality and flavor of steamed bread.

A bilateral wrist joint training and rehabilitation mechanism is designed to meet the requirements of bilateral passive training better than unilateral active training. The rehabilitation mechanism adopts two spatial reverse double crank parallel sub mechanisms. The forward kinematics of the mechanism is analyzed in the spherical coordinate system, and the motion relationship of the two platforms is obtained. The Euler angles of the rolling, pitching and virtual yaw motions of the two platforms are measured, and the front and back muscles are measured simultaneously in the three motion modes. The experimental data shows that when the mechanism is rolling, the angular displacements of both platforms are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, while the mechanism is pitching, the angular displacements of both platforms are the same in magnitude and direction. The maximum and average electromyography （EMG） values of anterior and posterior muscles measured during the bilateral active training are 319.65 mV and 352.2 mV higher than those measured during the resting state, and 155.9 mV and 184 mV higher than those measured during the unilateral passive training, respectively. The above results show that the developed bilateral training machine has mirror symmetry, can play a training effect on the wrist joint, and the training effect is better than that of the unilateral training.

BackgroundEthylene is an important raw material in petrochemical industry. Semi-hydrogenation of acetylene in an ethylene is an industrially important process. Conventional supported monometallic Pd catalysts offer high acetylene conversion, but they suffer from very low selectivity to ethylene due to over-hydrogenation.PurposeThis study aims to prepare a catalyst with high acetylene conversion and simultaneous selectivity to ethylene, surpassing conventional Pd catalysts, and explore the structure activity relationship of palladium-bismuth catalyst in acetylene hydrogenation.MethodsFirstly, PdBi/SiO2 catalyst was synthesized via a deposition-precipitation method for industrial hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene. Then, comparison of catalytic activity and selectivity with traditional catalysts in the semi hydrogenation reaction of acetylene was conducted. Finally, the X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS), High-Angle Annular Dark-Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HAADF-STEM), and X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to explore the reaction mechanism.ResultsCompared with the Pd catalyst, PdBi/SiO2 catalyst exhibits increased reactivity at a lower temperature, with 100% acetylene conversion and 90% selectivity.ConclusionsThe Pd-Bi alloys structure is confirmed to effectively inhibit the formation of PdHx, weaken the cracking rate of hydrogen and the adsorption of ethylene on palladium surface, and inhibit the excessive hydrogenation of ethylene to produce by-product ethane. The simple synthesis PdBi structure provides new ideas and insights for industrial catalysts.

Background060102PurposeThis study aims to detect the interaction between platinum (Pt) and bismuth (Bi) species and their "structure-activity" relationship in methane oxidation through X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) technology.MethodsFirst of all, the CeZrLaOx support was prepared by hydrothermal method. Then, the platinum and bismuth species were deposited on the surface of CeZrLaOx support via two-step impregnation method with calcination temperature at 700 ºC. The structure-activity relationship of platinum- bismuth catalyst in methane oxidation was characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high angle annular dark field image-scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM). Finally, the X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) of samples was measured at BL14W1 beamline of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF).ResultsExperimental results show that the dispersion of platinum through strong interaction between platinum and bismuth is enhanced by the doping of bismuth species as confirmed by XRD and hydrogen temperature program reduction (H2-TPR). However, results of XPS and HAADF-STEM indicate that overmuch Bi or BiOx species hinders the contact between platinum and methane molecule, hence leads to low activity.ConclusionsThe strong interaction between platinum and bismuth species confirmed by XAFS technique markedly enhances thermo-stability of catalysts and gives some guiding significance for the preparation of bimetallic catalysts.

Graph neural networks (GNN), which extend deep neural networks to non-Euclidean data, have been proven to be powerful for numerous graph related tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and graph classification. On the task of graph classification, recent studies aim to learn graph-level representation through a hierarchical pooling procedure using the local and global structure information of the graph. After comparing and analyzing the current graph classification model, this paper proposes the structure and feature fusion pooling model (SAFPool) considering shortcomings of the current method and combining the advantages of different methods. SAFPool utilizes Graphtwo assignment matrix generation modules during the pooling process, which are structure-based cluster learning and feature- based cluster learning modules. Structure- based cluster learning module clusters nodes with similar structures based on graph structure information, and feature- based cluster learning clusters nodes with similar features based on graph node features. Then the two clustering assignment matrices are weighted and aggregated to obtain the clustering assignment matric which implements the clustering strategy to utilize graph structure and node feature information at the same time. Finally, comparative experiments and visualization on multiple graph classification datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of using graph node information and structure information to implement a clustering strategy in graph classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the inflammatory induction effect of HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells on normal fibroblasts (NFs) extracted from para-cancerous tissues and the effect of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on cancer cell migration and its potential mechanism. Methods The enzyme digestive method was used to extract NFs and CAFs from tissues. Spatial Gene Expression Dataset was downloaded to analyze transcriptional expression levels of inflammatory factors including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). In vitro direct and indirect co-culture models were used to study the interaction between fibroblasts and cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect expressions of fibroblast activated protein (FAP) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Inflammatory factors TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL2, IL-1β, and SDF-1 secreted in medium were measured by ELISA. Three co-culture groups were set up in which HCT-116 cells were co-cultured respectively with NFs, CAFs, and CAFs pretreated with AMD3100, an inhibitor of SDF-1. Cell migration ability was evaluated by the cell scratch-wound assay and the Transwell TM migration assay. Results CAFs expressed higher levels of FAP and α-SMA than NFs, and HCT-116 cancer cells induced the transformation of NFs to CAFs. Compared to NFs, CAFs secreted higher levels of inflammatory factors TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL2, IL-1β, and SDF-1, while in the in vitro co-culture models cancer cells induced the secretion of SDF-1 but had no effect on secretions of TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL2, and IL-1β from NFs. CAFs significantly stimulated cancer cell migration compared to NFs, which was weakened by AMD3100, an inhibitor of SDF-1. Conclusion Colorectal cancer cells induce the transformation of NFs to CAFs, and CAFs stimulated cancer cell migration with the SDF-1 secreted.

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide with the highest morbidity and mortality, in which the non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 80% of all cases. The expression of (HOX transcript antisense RNA) HOTAIR were abnormal in a variety of tumor tissues and is involved in the regulation of the occurrence and development of lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of down-regulation of HOTAIR on gefitinib resistance of lung adenocarcinoma HCC827 cells by targeting PTEN., Methods: The HOTAIR downstream target gene was predicted by bioinformatics database. The small interfering RNAs (siRNA) which is corresponding to HOTAIR was transfected using Lipofectamine™ 2000. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HOTAIR, PTEN, PI3K and AKT in HCC827 and HCC827GR cells. MTT assay was used to detect the changes in drug resistance of HCC827GR cells. Flow cytometry analysis were used to test the cell proliferation and the rate of apoptosis., Results: The expression of HOTAIR increased in HCC827GR and the serum of NSCLC patients with gefitinib resistance (P<0.05). Transfection of HOTAIR siRNA decreased the expression of HOTAIR (P<0.05), and increased the expressions of PTEN (P<0.05), while the expression of PI3K and AKT were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, down-regulation of HOTAIR increased the sensitivity of HCC827GR cells to gefitinib. The cell proliferation ability was decreased and the apoptosis was promoted apparently (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Down-regulation of HOTAIR can suppress the cell growth and promote the apoptosis, and it can reverse the resistance of HCC827GR cells to gefitinib. Its potential mechanism may be related with the targeting of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Using intelligent rehabilitation robot to intervene hand function after stroke is an important physical treatment. With the development of biomedical engineering and the improvement of clinical demand, the comprehensive intervention of hand-function rehabilitation robot combined with new technologies is gradually emerging. This article summarizes the hand rehabilitation robots based on electromyogram (EMG), the brain-computer interface (BCI) hand rehabilitation robots, the somatosensory hand rehabilitation robots and the hand rehabilitation robots with functional electrostimulation. The advantages and disadvantages of various intervention methods are discussed, and the research trend about comprehensive intervention of hand rehabilitation robot is analyzed.

This article introduces the current status of Chinese institutes for medical devices testing, and analyses the misunderstanding in extending the testing capacities for the provincial institutes for medical devices. Then, some suggestions are given to orientate themselves in extending capacities. Finally, these specific procedures on extending the testing capacities are presented.

For the near-infrared (NIR) spectral analysis of the concentration of blood glucose, the calibration accuracy can be affected because of the existing of outlier samples. In this research, a Monte-Carlo cross validation (MCCV) method is constructed for eliminating outlier samples. The human blood plasma experiment in vitro and the human body experiment in vivo were introduced to evaluate the MCCV method for its application effect in NIR spectral analysis of blood glucose. And the uninformative sample elimination method based on modified uninformative variable elimination (MUVE-USE) was employed in this study for the comparison with MCCV. The results indicated that, like the MUVE-USE method, the outlier samples elimination method based on MCCV could be used to eliminate the outlier samples which came from gross errors (such as bad sample) or system errors (such as baseline drift). In addition, the outlier samples from the random errors of uncertain causes which affect model accuracy can be eliminated simultaneously by MCCV. The elimination of multiple outlier samples is beneficial to the improvement of prediction accuracy of calibration model.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Lycopene (Lyc) on Ang II induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cell line derived from rat cardiac tissue,and to explore related mechanisms., Methods: H9c2 cells were divided into 6 groups: control group, Ang II group (1 µmol/L), Ang II (1 µmol/L) + low dose Lyc (3.125 nmol/L) group, Ang II (1 µmol/L) + moderate dose Lyc (6.25 nmol/L) group and Ang II (1 µmol/L) + high dose Lyc (12.5 nmol/L) group and Lyc group (12.5 nnmol/L). Cell growth was determined by CCK8 assay, ROS generation was detected using a Microplate reader and Fluorescence microscopy, the expression of NOX2 was determined by Western blot, mRNA expression of p47(phox), SOD1 and SOD2 were determined by Real Time-PCR, MDA was detected by ELISA kit., Results: Compared to control group,cell survival was significantly reduced and ROS generation was significantly increased post Ang II stimulation,cotreatment with Lyc significantly improved cell survival and reduced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.01). mRNA expression of SOD1 and SOD2 was significantly downregulated while MDA concentration was significantly increased in Ang II treated cells, which could be significantly reversed by cotreatment with Lyc in a dose dependent manner (all P < 0.01). Protein expression of NOX2 and mRNA expression of p47(phox) were significantly upregulated post Ang II and which could be significantly downregulated by cotreatment with Lyc in a dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Lyc could attenuate Ang II induced oxidative stress and this effect is linked with its capacity of reducing ROS generation and enhancing cellular ROS scavenging ability in H9c2 cells.

Objective: To explore the effect of hesperetin (HES) on collagen expression in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro induced by angiotensin II (AngII)., Methods: Cell growth was determined by trypan blue staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by microplate reader, the expressions of collagen I,III and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell proliferation by cell counting kit-8., Results: HES and AngII+HES had no effect on cellular activity. AngII significantly increased ROS generation (1.70 ± 0.12 vs 1, P < 0.01), gene expression of collagen I,III both increased (1.31 ± 0.08 vs 1, 1.40 ± 0.09 vs 1, both P < 0.01) while MMP-1 decreased (0.68 ± 0.03 vs 1, P < 0.01). Ang II also induced the proliferation of fibroblasts (1.91 ± 0.18 vs 1, P < 0.01). While HES (25, 50, 100 µmol/L) or NAC (1 mmol/L) reversed these effects during co-treating with AngII, ROS decreased versus the Ang II group(1.37 ± 0.05, 1.16 ± 0.08, 1.07 ± 0.07, 1.12 ± 0.07 vs 1.70 ± 0.12, all P < 0.01) , gene expression of collagenI,III also decreased (1.22 ± 0.08 and 1.27 ± 0.07, 1.14 ± 0.07 and 1.00 ± 0.06, 1.02 ± 0.06 and 0.99 ± 0.05, 1.08 ± 0.07 and 1.09 ± 0.06 vs 1.31 ± 0.08 and 1.40 ± 0.09, all P < 0.01), MMP-1 increased (0.76 ± 0.05, 0.88 ± 0.07, 1.01 ± 0.08, 0.96 ± 0.07 vs 0.68 ± 0.03, P < 0.01) versus the Ang II group. Cell proliferation was also inhibited (1.42 ± 0.07, 1.38 ± 0.03, 1.07 ± 0.15, 1.16 ± 0.11 vs 1.91 ± 0.18, all P < 0.01). NAC had the same effect with HES., Conclusion: HES inhibits the synthesis of collagen and the Ang II-induced proliferation of fibroblast through suppressing the ROS generation.

Objective: The diversity of Fe-hydrogenase based on Fe-hydrogenase gene of Clostridium was studied for exploring the biochemical mechanism of soil microbial hydrogen production and revealing the Fe-hydrogenase microbial community structure changes during the paddy soil flooding incubation., Methods: We used denatured gradient gel electrophoresis and real-time quantitative PCR to achieve the goal., Results: The band number of Fe-hydrogenase denatured gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprints indicated Fe-hydrogenase microbes structure varied significantly during the completely flooding incubation. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed the highly similar communities of Fe-hydrogenase microbial was divided into three groups: 1 d and 20 d, the 5 d, 30 d and 40 d. With the growth of the flooding incubation time Fe-hydrogenase microbial community structure became relatively stable and convergence. Alpha diversity index analysis found that the richness index (R), Shannon-Weaver index (H'), Simpson index (D(S)) numerical values of 1 d and 10 d were lower compared with other points, indicated the two time points of low Fe-hydrogenase diversity, simple Fe-hydrogenase microbial community structure and successive variation of community structure during the whole flooding incubation. After sequencing 15 Fe-hydrogenase preponderant bands ( labeled by G1 - G15), the phylogenetic tree of Fe-hydrogenase showed that the preponderant bands all had high similarity with the Clostridium Fe-hydrogenase in earlier flooding incubation stage and non-Clostridium Fe-hydrogenase in the later stage. Real-time quantitative PCR results demonstrated that the Fe-hydrogenase gene copy number was 10(6) level., Conclusion: In the research we found 4 kinds of Clostridium Fe-hydrogenases and three kinds of non-Clostridium Fe-hydrogenases, the corresponding Fe-hydrogenase microbial community structure had successively significant variation in the early incubation stage and tend to be relatively stable and convergence in the late stage.

Objective: To study the relation between mRNA expression of delta5-desaturase gene and arachidonic acid production., Methods: Using fluorescence quantitative PCR, we determined the mRNA expression levels of delta5-desaturase gene of five Mortierlla isabellina strains cultured for the same time and strain YZ-124 cultured for different time. Simultaneously, we measured the contents of arachidonic acid by gas chromatography., Results: The results showed that delta5-desaturase gene mRNA expression level of distinct strains was different. Expression level of the original strain As3. 3410 was the lowest, whereas that of the mutant strain YZ-124 was the highest. The mRNA expression of delta5-desaturases gene decreased gradually with fermentation time., Conclusion: According to arachidonic acid yield, mRNA expression quantity of delta5-desaturase gene presented a positive correlation with arachidonic acid content in cultured oil.

Objective: To construct GJB2 gene mutations common in Chinese EGFP fusion protein vectors, and to search for better way to study the mechanism of deletion mutations in GJB2 gene., Method: Non-fusion protein vectors of 235delC, 299-300 del AT and 176 del 16 bp were first made by point mutation methods in vitro. Then expression part of the upper 3 mutations were amplified by PCR and the PCR products were cloned into TA cloning vector. After cutting by restriction enzymes EcoRI/BamHI, three deletion mutations were inserted into pEGFP-N1 vector. Sequencing was used to verify the validity of the fusion protein vectors. HEK293 cells were transfected with the recombinant DNA samples by the liposome complex method., Result: The recombined plasmids were highly expressed in HEK293 cells. Green fluorescence signals were distributed uniformly in cytoplasm., Conclusion: GJB2 mutations common in Chinese EGFP fusion protein vectors were constructed successfully. It may provide a better way to explore the reasons of nonsyndromic hearing loss common in Chinese.

Objective: We obtained a new mutant with higher growth rate and high capability of producing arachidonic acid after protoplast ultraviolet mutation., Methods: Using dry weight of biomass, microbial total lipid and total arachidonic acid production as evaluation index, we determined time of ultraviolet irradiation by single factor experiment and measured the content of the arachidonic acid by gas chromatography., Results: When the power of viltalight lamp was set at 20W,exposure distance at 30 cm and exposure time at 80 s, lethality of spores of Mortierella isabellina was 76.4%., Conclusion: After ultraviolet mutation and repeatedly screening, a mutat of Mortierella isabellina YZ-124 whose arachidonic acid concentration in biomass was 5.76 times of the control strains was obtained.

Corbicula fluminea is a kind of macrobenthos commonly seen in the coastal wetland ecosystem of Changjiang estuary. This paper studied the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of its population density and biomass, and analyzed the heavy metals concentrations in its body and in suspended particles and sediments. The results showed that the distribution of C. fluminea was discrepant in different seasons, sampling sites, and even, sampling sections of same sampling site. The population density and biomass of C. fluminea were higher in spring and autumn but lower in summer, and higher in mid-tidal flat than in low and high flats of Chongming. Its annual average population density and biomass was the maximal in Xupu. C. fluminea had definite accumulation ability to copper and zinc, but not to lead and chromium. There was a significant negative correlation between the lead concentrations in C. fluminea and sediments.

Objective: To investigate the effect of New Qingkailing injection (NQKLI) on cerebral edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induced by collagenase VII in rats., Methods: After being established into ICH model by collagenase VII, rats were treated with NQKLI by intraperitoneal injection. Forty-eight hrs later, brain contents of water was detected with wet and dry method, calcium content in brain was detected by atomic spectrophotometer, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in brain tissue was determined by liquid competitive ibhibitory immunoassay, and serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively., Results: NQKLI reduced the contents of water, calcium and TNF-alpha content of brain tissue and serum MMP-9 in rats with ICH., Conclusion: NQKLI could alleviate both vasogenic and cytotoxic cerebral edema by prohibiting calcium over-load, protecting basilar membrane and eliminating inflammation.

In April, July and November 2002 and April 2003, a quadrat investigation of macrobenthos was conducted at four sampling profiles in the intertidal flat of Yangtze Estuary. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cr in several high biomass macrobenthos were determined, their absorbed amounts per square meter were calculated, and the biological quality of Corbicula fluminea and Siliqua minima was evaluated. The results showed that C. fluminea was widespread in the intertidal, especially in the low tidal flat of Yangtze Estuary, and heavy metals were mainly concentrated in its soft tissues. C. fluminea could selectively absorb Cu, leading to the little variation of Cu concentration in the tissues of C. fluminea sampled from different coastal region. Mollusks Rissoina sp. and Bullacta exarata, and all crustaceans could markedly accumulate Cu in their bodies, and the BSAF value reached 2.97-7.97. The mollusks and crustaceans had the greatest absorption of Fe per square meter, followed by Mn, Zn and Cu, and Pb and Cr. The amount of Cu, Pb, Fe and Cr absorbed by B. exarata larva from per square meter intertidal flat was obviously higher than that by other macrobenthos, while the absorbed amount of Mn and Zn in B. exarata larva was less than that in C. flunzinea collected from XuPu. The concentrations of Pb and Cr in the soft tissues of C. fluninea and S. miniema were relatively lower in the intertidal flat of Yangtze Estuary than in other coastal and estuarine areas, and those of Cu and Zn were also low but at appreciable level. Compared to the criterion for marine biological quality in China, the edible soft tissue of Corbicula fluminea and S. minima in the tidal flat of Yangtze Estuary was relatively safe for human beings.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of using hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg) as a tumor-associated antigen in immunogen therapy against tumor., Methods: (1) Dendritic cells (DCs) were extracted from bone marrow of mice and cultured. Mature DCs were transfected with adenovirus vector highly expressing HBsAg and enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) (DC-HBsAg). Eight C57BL/6J mice were immunized by intravenous injection of 1 x 10(6) DC-HBsAg. Seven days after, the immunization procedure was boosted by injection of the DC-HBsAg with the same dosage once more. Another eighteen mice were divided into 3 groups, 6 in each, to be injected with DC-EGFP (DCs transfected with 1 x 10(6) adenovector expressing only EGFP), 1 x 10(6) DCs, and PBS of the same volume as controls. One week after the second injection, subcutaneous injection of 7X105 mouse melanoma cells B16 or B16-HBsAg (B16 cells expressing HBsAg) was performed to each mouse. The size of tumor was measured every 2 - 3 days. When the tumor grew to the size of 2cm or caused ulcer the tumor-carrying mice were killed. The mice in the DC-HBsAg group that showed no tumorigenesis 30 days after inoculation of B16-HBsAg were re-inoculated with 7X105 B16-HBsAg. Three normal B6 mice of the same age and sex were used as controls. (2) Other patch of mice were divided into 4 groups and injected with DC-HBsAg, DC-EGFP, HBsAg (1 ug/mouse), and PBS in the same way as mentioned above. One week after the second injection at least 5 mice in each group were inoculated with 7X105 B16-HBsAg and 2 mice in each group were killed to have their serum anti-HbsAg titers examined., Results: (1) Seven days after inoculation of B16-HbsAg tumor began to grow in all mice in the three control groups. Tumor was found in 5 of the 8 mice in the DC-HBsA group and the other 3 mice in this group remained free of tumor. However, the size of tumor in these 5 mice was significantly smaller than thate in other groups (P < 0.01). B16-HBsAg was re-inoculated to the three mice that showed no tumor growth 30 days after the first inoculation of B16-HBsAg. However, still no tumor could be found in them. After inoculation of wild type melanoma cell B16 tumorigenesis was seen in the two immunization groups. (2) The titer of anti-HBsAg antibody induced by DC-HBsAg was obviously lower than that induced by recombinant HBsAg vaccine. However, the size of tumor in HBsAg group was obviously smaller than that in recombinant HBsAg group., Conclusion: DC-HBsAg induces HBsAg-specific antitumor effect, stronger than that induced by recombinant HBsAg vaccine although the humoral immune response elicited by DC vaccine is much weaker that that induced by recombinant HBsAg vaccine. HBsAg can be used as a target antigen in immunogen therapy for treatment of cancer.