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Shelling rate and kernel breaking rate are the two key indicators of shelled materials, and mechanical shelling is one of the important methods to improve these key indicators. In this paper, the common mechanical shelling methods, mechanical shelling types, mechanical shelling principles and development status of shelling materials were analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of mechanical hulling equipment were summarized, and suggestions were made for the problems existing in the current application of mechanical hulling.

[Objective] This paper carries out an experimental study on the coupling response characteristics of the internal cables of a metal mast when struck by lightning. [Method] A lightning induction coupling test platform is built for the cable system inside the mast. The induced voltages of the coaxial cables, two-core single shielded cables and multi-core double shielded cables are measured under four kinds of termination load characteristics (open circuit at both ends of core wire; end of core wire near to the ground connected to the load; end of core wire far from the ground connected to the load; and both ends of core wire connected to the load). From the perspective of time domain and frequency domain, an analysis is made of the influence of load characteristics on the induced voltage and shielding effects. [Results] The induced voltage of the cable reaches its maximum value when the far ground terminal is grounded by the load. When the near ground terminal is grounded by the load, the main frequency band of the induced voltage frequency response exceeds the lightning current, whereas they are similar under other load characteristics. Grounding the inner shielding layer can reduce the peak value of the induced voltage, but does not affect the main frequency band of the frequency response. The voltage peak value is most significantly reduced when both ends of the core wire are open-circuited or when the end of the core wire far from the ground is connected to the load (approximately 59.3% and 77.2% of the value when the inner shielding layer is ungrounded). In addition, the induced voltage peaks of the three types of cables exhibit considerable differences. However, the rise time and half-peak time of the induced voltage for each cable show insignificant differences. [Conclusion] This study reveals the influence of terminal load characteristics on cable coupling induced voltage when lightning strikes the metal mast of a ship, as well as providing basic data support for the subsequent calculation of the coupling effect.

ObjectiveIn order to improve lightning protection measures for ships, it is vital to evaluate the lightning strike risk and lightning rod protection effect. MethodsThis paper proposes a leader development model that can simulate the natural leader progression, and introduces a ship model to analyze its lightning attachment process. Analyses are made of the electric field distribution on the surface of the ship when the downward leader is approaching at different areas, of the probability of the ship being struck by lightning at each location, and of the protection effect of the lightning rod on the ship. Finally, the calculation results are verified by a ship scaled-down model discharge test carried out in the laboratory.ResultsThe lightning strike attachment point is mainly concentrated in the relatively protruding position of the structure on the ship, and the lightning rod has a positive effect on the potential distribution on the surface of the ship. However, the final lightning strike point is determined by the development area of the downward leader.ConclusionsCombining simulation analysis with the test results, the weak points of direct lightning protection on the surface of the ship are obtained. It is found that the location of the final lightning strike attachment point of the ship is closely related to the connection process of the by-directional leaders, and that the proposed leader progression model can provide accurate predictions of lightning strike points.

Lipid is an important component except starch and protein in rice, which not only has unique nutritional value but also has a great impact on the functional properties of starch. In this paper, the species, structure, distribution, and content of lipids in rice were summarized, and the mechanism, structure characteristics and influencing factors of starch-lipid interaction were discussed. The interaction effects on the properties of starch, including swelling, gelatinization, rheology, retrogradation and digestive ability were reviewed. This paper provided useful information on understanding the interaction between starch and endogenous lipids in rice as well as its influence on the starch properties, which could promote the improvement of rice quality and the development of functional rice.

To investigate the role of microglia in the process of cognitive impairment caused by local ionizing radiation, eighteen male mice from the institute of cancer research (ICR) were randomly divided into a control group (Control) and a head 10 Gy irradiation group (Irradiation, 10 Gy-IR). The head ionization irradiation group underwent X-ray (Siemens linear accelerator) single head irradiation illuminated to an absorbed dose of 10 Gy. Fifty-six days later, the new and old object recognition test and the new and old place recognition test were used to test the cognitive function of the mice; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the mouse hippocampal microglia marke (IBA-1) change; RT-PCR was used to detect changes at the mRNA level of hippocampal M1/M2 microglia markers (CD16, INOS, CD68, CXCL10, Arg1, CD206). The results showed that compared with the control group, the time discrimination index of new things (p

Objective: To improve the extraction rate and product purity of Chinese soft-shelled turtle （pelodiscussinensis）dorsal collagen. Methods: The decalcification rate and collagen recovery rate were used as evaluation indicators to investigate the effects of hydrochloric acid concentration, decalcification time, decalcification temperature and solid-liquid ratio on the decalcification of the carapace of Chinese soft-shelled turtle. The removal process of calcium salts was optimized, and the structural changes of decalcified and non-decalcified turtle carapace collagen were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy, amino acid analysis and other techniques under the same extraction conditions. Results: The optimal decalcification process conditions were hydrochloric acid concentration of 0.8 mol/L, decalcification time of 2 h, decalcification temperature of 28 ℃, and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶25 （g/mL）. Under these conditions, the decalcification rate and collagen recovery rate were （67.35±0.92）% and （90.77±1.08）%, respectively. The collagen content and extraction rate per unit mass of soft-shelled turtle carapace were significantly increased （P＜0.05） after decalcification with hydrochloric acid, but the structural characteristics of collagen did not change significantly. Conclusion: Hydrochloric acid has a good decalcification effect on the decalcification of turtle carapace, and has no effect on the structural properties of its collagen.

Elevated blood pressure is commonly found in acute cerebral hemorrhage and has been associated with poor prognosis. However, none of consensus is reached among the target and time for blood pressure reduction of cerebral hemorrhage. This review aims to summarize the current research status of blood pressure management in cerebral hemorrhage, including the characteristics of blood pressure in acute cerebral hemorrhage, correlation between elevated blood pressure and hematoma expansion, and blood pressure variability and prognosis, and combining the several randomized controlled trials of intensive antihypertensive therapy carried out in recent years. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.02.007

With the development of new technologies, such as whole genome sequencing and big data, many countries have constructed large cohorts as strategic resources for precision medicine study. Related studies have significantly promoted research progress in many fields, such as medicine and biology, creating the genetic testing industry. In the forensic field, characterization technologies for features, such as biogeographic ancestry, genetic genealogy and physical appearance have emerged and developed rapidly. Compared with traditional forensic DNA technology, the new technology can search for characteristics and provide clues, quickly becoming an important means to solve difficult cases such as cold cases and accumulated cases. This paper briefly reviews the current status of the construction of large cohorts at home and abroad, and the research progress of forensic molecular phenotyping in the context of precision medicine in the context of precision medicine.

Genetic markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP）, insertion/deletion （InDel）, were discovered and widely used with the development of whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics technology. The origin and genetic structure of the modern population had been gradually revealed from the perspective of genetics. The study on biogeographic ancestry inference in the field of forensic genetics emerged and developed rapidly, providing clues and scientific basis for the determination of investigation direction and for the narrow of the scope of investigation in the process of case investigation. This paper briefly reviews the research progress, inference methods and development trends of DNA ancestry inference technology.

Objective To study the change trend, distribution characteristics and causes of medical malpractices in 18 years, through retrospective analysis of 1 900 cases of medical malpractices, in order to provide guidance for the precaution and the treatment of medical malpractices. Methods A thousand and nine hundred medical malpractice cases that were accepted by Hunan Xiangya Judical Identification Center from 2000 to 2017 were collected. Statistical analysis on the caseloads, the clients, the department distributions, the levels of the hospital and the causes of medical malpractices, etc were conducted. Results The number of cases commissioned by third-party accreditation agencies for medical fault identification was on the rise; The clients of medical malpractices changed significantly in 18 years. Most of the medical malpractice cases occurred in secondary and tertiary hospitals, significantly more in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology. The occurrence of medical malpractices was related to the doctor’s insufficient prediction of the severity of the disease and the possible complications, and failure to fully inform the relevant duty of care, etc. Conclusion China’s medical malpractice solutions and medical fault identification procedures are gradually improving. Strengthening the medical malpractice precaution awareness of medical workers in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology will be conducive to resolution of medical malpractices.

Using flower-like ZnO@carbon sphere (ZnO@C) as precursor, Ag3PO4/ZnO@carbon sphere (Ag3PO4/ZnO@C) ternary composites were synthesized via an in-situ precipitation method, Ag3PO4 nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of the ZnO@C. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, Raman, UV-Vis DRS and transient photocurrent responses. The visible light photocatalytic performance of samples was also investigated. The results show that the photocatalytic performance of Ag3PO4 can be improved by combining with ZnO@C. Among the samples, AP-Z-5(5%(mass fraction) ZnO@C and Ag3PO4) shows the best photocatalytic performance. It can nearly completely degrade methylene blue (MB) after 20min illumination in the presence of 5mg/L Fe(NO3)3, and remain 86% degradation rate after 4 cycles. Additionally, AP-Z-5 can degrade MB very well even in the mixed contaminant solution including Cr(VI) and MB.

Objective To perform the separation and confirmation of mixed semen stains with immunological test method, and find a more effective method for the detection of mixed semen stains. Methods The semens of three volunteers were mixed. The mixed semen stains were processed and tested with prostate-specific antigen （PSA） colloidal gold immunoassay strip method, immunomagnetic beads method and laser capture microdissection, respectively. Statistics of the results of STR were gathered and compared with those of a single semen stain. Results After PSA colloidal gold immunoassay strip method testing, the samples showed a purplish red line in the test area and the control area. The results obtained with the immunomagnetic beads method showed a more complete and effective short tandem repeat （STR） sequence. The mixed semen stains were processed with laser capture microdissection and low volume amplified. The results were summarized and superimposed to obtain a complete single typing, which matched the single semen stain typing, with a typing success rate of 84.00%. Single suspect Y-STR typing was obtained with the application of the method above in actual cases, which provided evidence basis for rapid solving of the case. Conclusion The combination of PSA colloidal gold immunoassay strip method, immunomagnetic beads method and laser capture microdissection can be used to separate and confirm the mixed semen stains.

Objective To explore the value of MRI combined with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET and 11C-methionine (11C-MET) PET on differentiating tumefactive demyelinating lesion (TDL) and glioma. Methods Fourteen cases of TDL and 17 cases of glioma were confirmed by pathology directly or internal medicine treatment. MRI was used to observe the lesion boundary, T1WI, T2WI and diffusion - weighted imaging (DWI) signal intensity, enhancement (including ring enhancement and open - ring enhancement, etc.), mass effect, peripheral edema, and the presence of central venectasia, corpus callosum engagement, central necrosis and gray matter engagement. 18F-FDG PET and 11C-MET PET were used to calculate relative uptake values. Results Among all TDL cases, MRI showed that mass effect of 8 cases (8/14) were grade 0, 4 cases (4/14) gradeⅠ, one case (1/14) was gradeⅡ and one case (1/14) gradeⅢ; the peripheral edema of 12 cases (12/14) were gradeⅠand 2 cases (2/14) gradeⅡ. Among all glioma cases, the mass effect of 2 cases (2/17) were grade 0, 6 cases (6/17) gradeⅠ, 7 cases (7/17) gradeⅡand 2 cases (2/17) grade Ⅲ; the peripheral edema of 7 cases (7/17) were grade Ⅰ and 10 cases (10/17) grade Ⅱ. The differences between TDL and glioma were statistically significant (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.032, 0.024). 18F-FDG PET and 11C-MET PET were not statistically significant in differentiating TDL and glioma (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.182, 0.081). Conclusions Mass effect and peripheral edema showed in MRI can be used for the differential diagnosis of TDL and glioma. The value of PET-CT in differentiating TDL and glioma is unsure. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.10.009

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in the world, with more than 1 million deaths per year, accounting for about one fifth of all cancer deaths worldwide. Over the past years, lung cancer treatment has been based on surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy, but the improvement is not very perfect. Therefore, it has become clear that additional therapeutic strategies are urgently required to provide an improved survival benefit for patients. In recent years, Hippo signaling pathway has become a popular direction in the field of cancer research. When the Hippo pathway is active, the core Hippo kinase, such as MST/MOB and LATS1/2, inhibit the two transcriptional co-activators, YAP/TAZ. And YAP/TAZ are phosphorylated and sequestered in the cytoplasm. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway drives multiple aspects of lung tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the potential value of this pathway is getting more and more prevalent in clinical application. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism and the core components, upstream or downstream targets of Hippo signaling pathway which contribute the formation of lung cancer and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeted strategies in lung cancer. Additionally, we highlight the prospect of research on Hippo signaling pathway in the future.

Objective To explore the neuropsychiatric symptoms and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET imaging features of Parkinson-plus syndromes. Methods There were 8 patients with probable Parkinson-plus syndromes, including one case of multiple system atrophy-cerebellar predominant (MSA-C), 4 cases of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), one case of corticobasal ganglionic degeneration (CBD) and 2 cases of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate cognitive function, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to evaluate neuropsychiatric behaviors, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-21 Items (HAMD-21) was used to evaluate the emotional state of patients. Results One MSA-C patient showed only anxiety. Four PSP patients showed different degrees of cognitive disorders, of whom 3 cases also presented obvious depression, anxiety, irritability and sleep disorders. One case of CBD showed dysfunction in executive function, visual spatial ability, verbal function, attention and orientation, as well as depression, anxiety, irritability and sleep disorders. Two cases of DLB were found unable to copy pentagon in MMSE chart or draw a circle in Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and they also presented hallucination, depression and indifference. As for the result of 18F-FDG PET, one MSA-C patient showed cerebellarglucose hypometabolism; 4 PSP patients showed hypometabolism in bilateral symmetrical frontal lobes, anterior cingulate gyrus and parietal lobe, especially in thalamus, basal ganglia region and brain stem; one case of CBD showed hypometabolism in right lateral fronto-temporo-parieto-occipital lobes, left lateral parietal lobe, bilateral cingulate gyri and precuneus; 2 cases of DLB showed hypometabolism in bilateral temporo-occipital lobes. Conclusions Patients with early Parkinson-plus syndromes are easily misdiagnosed as mental illness and delayed treatment, in addition, their movement disorders and extrapyramidal symptoms would be aggravated due to misusage of sedative hypnotic drugs. Neuropsychological changes are found closely related to cognitive dysfunction. PET imaging has important clinical values to early diagnosis of Parkinson-plus syndromes. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.01.008

The surface of pure copper was modified using the surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) method, and molybdenum ions were implanted in the nanosurface using a metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA). The results of the SMAT were observed by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An obvious nanocrystalline layer and a deformation region exist on the surface. The size of the nanocrystalline layer was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results indicate remarkable suppression on grain size, the nanocrystalline layer grows to 163nm after annealing and reduces to only 72nm due to the Mo ion implantation. In addition, the hardness of the topmost surface of the material is 3.5 times that of the SMATed copper, which is about 7 times of the value of the matrix. The above improvements most likely result from the dispersion of the Mo ions and the reactions of the crystal defects due to the SMAT and ion implantation.

Background Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a kind of progressive neurodegenerative disease with cortical visual impairment as the first symptom. Because of rare clinical incidence, early onset age, special clinical symptoms and unobvious MRI abnormality, the definitive diagnosis of PCA is difficult. This study used 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET and 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PIB) PET for PCA patients with unobvious MRI abnormality, so as to discuss the value of PET in the early diagnosis of PCA. Methods Five patients diagnosed as PCA in our hospital between April 2012 and March 2015 were enrolled in this study. Cognitive function was measured by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT). Brain MRI, 18F-FDG PET and 11C-PIB PET were performed to analyze glucose metabolism and perfusion of posterior cortex. Results Neuropsychological tests revealed that the ability of writing, calculating, visuospatial and executive function of all these patients were impaired. Color vision tests showed abnormal results. MRI showed that the posterior atrophy (PA) scores were 0-2 (average 1) on the left side and 0-1 (average 0.80) on the right side. The medial temporal atrophy (MTA) scores were 1-3 (average 1.80) on the left side and 1-4 (average 2) on the right side. The ventricular enlargement (VE) scores were 1-2 (average 1.80) on the left side and 1-2 (average 1.60) on the right side. 18F-FDG PET showed glucose metabolism decreased obviously on bilateral temporo-parieto-occipital cortex, precuneus and cingulate gyrus, and slightly on frontal lobes and subcortical structure. 11C-PIB PET showed radioactive 11C-PIB deposition on bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortex, and the outline of cerebellar cortex was clear. Conclusions For PCA patients whose parietal and occipital cortical atrophy is not obvious on MRI, 18F-FDG PET combined with 11C-PIB PET plays an important role in early diagnosis. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.08.005

We investigate several important properties of an Adaptive Energy Detector (AED), which is originally proposed according to the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT), under the assumption that the signal steering vector is completely unknown. We show that the AED coincides with the Rao and Wald tests. We also give the exact statistical distribution, according to which one can easily derive the Probabilities of Detection (PD) and False Alarm (PFA), and we use the AED to design a parametrically tunable signal-mismatch detector. Compared to existing tunable detectors, the novel tunable detector is more flexible in governing the rejection of the mismatched signal; moreover, for the matched signal, the tunable detector can provide a higher PD than existing detectors. Two scalars, called the tunable parameters, control this functionality.

A 58-year-old right handed woman, with 12 years of formal education, had a five-year history of slowly progressive blurred vision and apraxia. Five years before the examination she gradually became blurred vision and had difficulties identifying static objects within the visual field. Then she went to an ophthalmologist and received cataract surgery. However, the symptoms were not improved after surgery. Two years later, she had difficulty doing household chores and was unable to dress herself. She developed an anxiety disorder in the absence of prominent language or memory deficits. Five years after onset, she showed global cognitive decline and abilities of daily life decline. On neurological examination she was alert. Neuropsychological testing revealed a mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score of 20/30 with anomia, agraphia, alexia and partial impairment on time orientation. Biochemical investigations for disorders involving thyroid function, vitamin B12, and folate were unremarkable. A brain MRI showed diffuse cortical atrophy and hippocampus atrophy. An 18F-FDG PET scan showed bilateral hypometabolism at the frontal lobes, tempoparietooccipital adjunction, posterior cingulate cortices and precuneus, insular lobes, caudate nuclei and right thalamus. An 11C-PIB PET scan showed bilateral amyloid deposits at bilateral frontal lobes and occipital lobes, left temporal lobe and insular, basal ganglia, bilateral cingulate cortices and precuneus. No PSEN1, PSEN2 or APP mutations were identified. This early-onset patient had an unusual cognitive complaint, including visual agnosia and apraxia. The clinical features, structural and functional imaging findings of this case were compatible with the diagnosis of Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA). PCA is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a progressive, often dramatic and relatively selective decline in visual processing skills and other functions subserved by parietal, occipital and occipito-temporal regions, relatively intact memory and language in the early stages, and atrophy of posterior brain regions. Often considered as an atypical or variant form of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), PCA typically presents in the mid-50s or early 60s with a variety of unusual symptoms, such as difficulty in interpreting, locating, or reaching for objects under visual guidance or difficulty in navigating. Understanding numbers and reading and writing or spelling may also be affected and, as the disease progresses, patients often develop a more diffuse pattern of cognitive dysfunction, ultimately leading to dementia. The vast majority (>80%) of PCA patients are found to have AD pathology as the cause of dementia at autopsy. Both PCA and AD patients show a similar pattern of high cortical binding on amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and analogous changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of Aβ42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau. PCA and AD show overlapping atrophy and hypometabolism/hypoperfusion in temporoparietal regions, suggesting a common anatomic focus of neurodegeneration. Structural neuroimaging with either MRI or CT initially shows greater atrophy of visual processing areas in parietotemporo-occipital cortex and relative sparing of critical memory regions in the medial temporal lobe. Over time, the neuroimaging profile of PCA may also merge with that of typical AD. This patient has five-year history of blurred vision and apraxia. At the time of examination, she has been in the stage of global cognitive declining. Diffuse cortical atrophy and hippocampus atrophy in MRI is very difficult to distinguish from typical AD. Hypometabolism and amyloid deposits from PET scan also showed overlapping with typical AD. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.07.018

Objective The present study investigated the relationship between amyloid deposition and glucose metabolism using Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PIB) and fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and assessed the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele to explore the correlation between aMCI and AD. Methods Amyloid load in the brain and cerebral glucose metabolism were determined and ApoE genotypes were analyzed in patients with AD (N = 14), aMCI (N = 10), and healthy controls (N = 5). Results The mean 11C-PIB standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was higher in inferior parietal lobe, lateral temporal cortex, frontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, occipital lobe, and striatum in AD patients compared with controls (P < 0.05). 11C-PIB binding levels in aMCI patients were bimodal. No significant difference in the 11C-PIB SUVR was found between the 11C-PIB + aMCI subgroup and AD group (P > 0.05). 18F-FDG PET revealed hypometabolism in bilateral parietal lobes, temporal lobe, and precuneus in 3 of 5 11C-PIB + aMCI subjects, including two of them with ApoE ε 4 allele converted to AD, and hypometabolism in the bilateral frontal lobe and anterior cingulate in 3 of 5 11C-PIB - aMCI subjects. Conclusions 11C-PIB PET is a powerful tool for screening aMCI with AD pathology. The aMCI patients with AD pathology who presented hypometabolism in the parietal lobe, lateral temporal cortex, precuneus and with ApoE ε 4 allele are more likely to convert to clinical AD dementia. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.03.013

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world wide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of lung cancers, its pathogenesis have not been elucidated. Recently, researches have shown that dysregulation and excessive activity of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been associated with many pathologies. Some results suggest that the matrix metalloproteinases 12 (MMP-12) participates in the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC. The expression of MMP-12 in non-small cell lung cancer is significantly higher than in adjacent tissues. And studies have shown that the MMP-12 has important prognostic significance in NSCLC. Therefore this article will briefly summarize the research progresses of MMP-12 in NSCLC.

Background and objective Galectin-3 is involved in many physical and pathologic process, and is closely correlated with tumorigenesis, development and metastasis. The aim of this study is to investigate the gene expression and significance of Galectin-3 in normal lung tissue and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue. Methods Gene expression was examined using the immunohistochemical S-P method in 62 NSCLC cases and in 17 cases with normal lung tissue. RT-PCR verified the expression of Galectin-3 at the transcriptional level. Results The expression rate of Galectin-3 in NSCLC tissue was 83.8% (52/62), which was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue (P0.05), age (χ2=0.220, P>0.05), and histological type (χ2=0.012, P>0.05), but was negatively correlated with pathological differentiation (r=-0.292, P

RNA interference is a homologous mRNA special degradation phenomenon which is caused by the double-stranded RNA. RNAi library is a pooled library that is artificially constructed using RNAi technology. As RNAi library has made a major breakthrough in the field of genetic research, it has been widely used in the field of medical research, especially in the field of cancer research. This review discussed the research progress of RNAi library and its applications in cancer research.

In order to solve problems of existing water bursting prevention methods such as large difference between theoretical parameters and actual environmental parameters, poor advanced forecast and real-time performance and so on, the paper proposed a design scheme of monitoring and control system for water bursting in floor of coal seam based on video monitoring, and emphatically introduced image processing algorithm of the system taking a water bursting accident in a coal mine as an example. The system obtains boundary point coordinates of water bursting image by use of digital image processing technology including graying, image enhancement, binaryzation, image segmentation and edge feature extraction, does curve fitting processing for the boundary point coordinates to get water bursting area, and judges change trend of water bursting according to the difference of the water bursting area at different time. The test run showed that the system is reliable with clear video image and effective image processing algorithm and can timely warn when water bursting is abnormal.

In this study, the effects of three cleaning pretreatment methods for Procambarus clarkii (cleaning agent, CA; ultrasonic cleaning, UL; cleaning agent with ultrasonic cleaning, CA+UL; control group, CK) on the bacterial community and physicochemical properties of the flesh of Procambarus clarkii were investigated. The changes in the total numbers of bacteria, pseudomonas, yeast, thermophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, pH, texture characteristics and flavor substances of crayfish meat before and after cleaning were examined. The results showed that the CA+UL treatment had the greatest bacteriostatic effect, and the total number of bacteria decreased by 1.12 lg CFU/g after cleaning, and also exhibited good bacteriostatic effects on mold yeast, sulfide-producing bacteria and thermophilic bacteria (decreased by 0.66 lg CFU/g, 0.9 lg CFU/g and 0.82 lg CFU/g, respectively). However, the effects of CA and UL treatments on the reduction of bacteria such as mold and thermophilic bacteria were not obvious, and the pH of shrimp flesh increased after cleaning. The pH of the CA+UL group underwent minimal change, with the overall quality of shrimp flesh decreased slightly after cleaning. Different cleaning methods also affected greatly the volatile substances, causing the production of n-methyl isopropyl amine and other bad smell substances. Therefore, considering the results of bacterial community and physicochemical properties of shrimp flesh, the combined use of ultrasonic and cleaning agent is more desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective It has been proven that neuron specific enolase (NSE) was one of the sensitive tumor markers for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of serum NSE values as diagnostic and prognostic factors in patients with SCLC. Methods Serum NSE was detected by electrochemiluminescence method in 57 SCLC cases pre- and post-treatment. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and then compared using the Log-rank test. Results Pre-treatment serum NSE values are prognostic factors for overall survival of patients with SCLC. There was a statistically significant difference in the pretreatment NSE levels of patients who were at an extensive stage compared with the values of those patients who were at a limited stage (P

Background and objective The aim of this study is to screen for multi-drug resistance-related genes of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and provide the evidences for drug-sensitive predicting genes of different NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapeutic drugs. Methods Sensitivity and inhibition ratio of five antitumor drugs (NVB, GEM, TAL, DOC, CDDP) on 75 fresh NSCLC samples from different individuals were studied by means of culturing primary tumor cells and MTT assay. After the five chemotherapeutic drugs were used, multi-drug resistance-related genes of NSCLC with cDNA microarry on the samples which were all high sensitive and those resistant were screened. Results cDNA microarray analysis screened out 212 genes, 168 of which were up-regulated while the other 44 were down-regulated in the group of highly sensitive compared with the group of resistance. Conclusion The multi-drug resistance of NSCLC may be correlative with the 212 genes screened by cDNA microarray; the detailed mechanisms of the genes still need to be detected in the future.

Background and objective Screening of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with gemcitabine hydrochloride (GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) related to drug sensitivity gene might clarify the action mechanism of anti-cancer drugs and provide a new clue for overcoming drug resistance and the development of new anti-cancer drugs, and also provide theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of individual. Methods The drug sensitivity of CDDP and GEM in 4 SCLC cell lines and 6 NSCLC cell lines was determined using MTT colorimetric assay, while the cDNA macroarray was applied to detect the gene expression state related to drug sensitivity of 10 lung cancer cell line in 1 291, and the correlation between the two was analysized. Results There were 6 genes showing significant positive correlation (r≥0.632, P < 0.05) with GEM sensitivity; 45 genes positively related to CDDP; another 41 genes related to both GEM and CDDP (r≥± 0.4). Lung cancer with GEM and CDDP sensitivity of two types of drugs significantly related genes were Metallothinein (Signal transduction molecules), Cathepsin B (Organization protease B) and TIMP1 (Growth factor); the GEM, CDDP sensitivity associated genes of lung cancer cell lines mainly distributed in Metallothinein, Cathepsin B, growth factor TIMP1 categories. Conclusion There existed drug-related sensitive genes of GEM, CDDP in SCLC and NSCLC cell lines; of these genes, Metallothinein, Cathepsin B and TIMP1 genes presented a significant positive correlation with GEM drug sensitivity, a significant negative correlation with CDDP drug sensitivity.

Background and objective Clusterin (CLU) is a multifunctional protein which attracts much attentions in recent years due to its function and variation in tumor formation and development. So far, there have no reports on its variation in lung cancer and its relationship with sensitivity of anti-cancer drugs. This study was to compare the expression of clusterin in wild Anip973 and Anip973/CDDP, thus to investigate the correlation of clusterin expression to tumorigenesis, tumor development and drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Western blot and RT-PCR were used to compare the clusterin expression at protein level and mRNA level in Anip973/CDDP with that in wild Anip973. Flow cytometry was employed to detect and analyze the relationship between clusterin and cell cycle, p53 or Bax. Results Clusterin protein expression levels were significantly higher in those Anip973/CDDP than those in wild Anip973. The p53 expression levels were higher in Anip973/CDDP than in Anip973 (P < 0.01). The expression of Bax showed no significant difference between Anip973 and Anip973/CDDP (P > 0.05). As to drug resistant lung cancer cell lines, Anip973/CDDP had more cells in G0–G1 stage while less cells in S stage or G2–M stage than non-resistant cell line. Conclusion Clusterin is associated with resistance to CDDP in NSCLC. The abnormal expression of clusterin and p53 in Anip973/CDDP indicated that both clusterin and p53 might be involved in drug resistance in NSCLC.

Background and objective To detect clusterin expression in Anip973/Navelbine (Anip973/NVB) and wild type Anip973, the last one as a control, so as to conform that clusterin be association with the resistance to NVB of NSCLC. We detect the expression of clusterin, p53 and Bax in normal lung tissues and cancer tissues so that toinvestigate its relationship with lung cancer formation and development. Methods Western blot was used to compare thedifferences in protein levels of clusterin in Anip973/NVB and wild type Anip973 cell lines; Flow cytometry was used to detect the clusterin positive rate, to analyze the relationship between clusterin and cell cycle, p53 or Bax. Results The expression levels of clusterin and p53 in non-small cell lung cancer were significantly higher in Anip973/NVB, than wild type Anip973. It indicated that clusterin might be associated with resistance to NVB in NSCLC. As to drug resistant lung cancer cell lines, Anip973/NVB was more cells in G0-G1 stage while less cells in S stage or G2-M stage than non-resistant cell line. Conclusion The expression levels of clusterin were higher in drug-resistant NSCLC cell lines indicating that clusterin be associated with resistance to NVB in NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the sensitivity of A. albopictus to commonly used insecticides in Wuhan, providing the guidance in the control of mosquitoes. Methods A total of 1 847 larvae and 302 pupae were collected from the field population of Ae. albopictus in Wuhan. The larvae were reared to F1 generation in the laboratory, and the larvae were the third instar larvae of F1 generation. The sensitivity of larvae to different insecticides (96.85% deltamethrin, 99.00% permethrin, 87.40% disphos, 95.56% propoxur, 97.00% pyripropyl ether, 95.00% S-enyl ester, 98.70% difenuron) and 7 000 ITU / mg Bti were determined by immersion method. After the second instar larvae of Aedes albopictus were parasitized by Nematode Wuchang, the death rate of larvae was calculated and the survival curve was drawn. Results The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the larvae against temephos, deltamethrin, permethrin and propoxur were 0.023 40, 0.036 37, 0.200 0 and 1.562 9 mg/L respectively, relative sensitive to temephos and deltamethrin. The inhibition emergence concentration (IE50) of the larvae against S-methoprene, pyriproxyfen and diflubenzuron were 0.000 310, 0.000 412, and 0.009 594 mg/L, respectively, relative sensitive to S-methoprene and pyriproxyfen. The LC50 of the larvae against Bti was 0.002 697 mg/L, and the mortality rates of mosquito larvae were 77.42% and 95.04% at the infection ratio of mosquito larvae to nematodes=1:5 and 1:10, respectively, which were highly significantly different from the control group (P<0.000 1). Conclusions Temephos and deltamethrin can be used as a quick method to control A. albopictus larvae in Wuhan city, and the insect growth regulators such as S-methoprene and pyriproxyfen also can be used as an environmentally friendly insecticides. R. wuchangensis is also highly efficient for mosquito larvae control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper makes a quantitative analysis on the inplementation Opinions on Promoting the Opening of School Stadiums and Gymnasium to the Society issued by the Ministry of Education and the General Administration of Sport from the types of policy tools (x dimension) and stakeholders (y dimension). The results show that the number of environmental, supply-oriented and demand-oriented policy tools accounted for 60.71 %), 30.35% and 8.93% of the total numirr of policy items in the Implementation Opinions of the Ministry of Education and the General Administration of Sport on Promoting the Opening of School Stadiums and Gymnasiums to the Society. The government and schools in China are the core stakeholders for the opening of school stadiums and gymnasiums to the society. Residents are important participants and direct beneficiaries in the opening and sharing of school stadiums and gymnasiums to the society, while social organizations are marginal stakeholders. After analysis, the paper puts forward some suggestions to further promote the opening of school stadiums and gymnasiums to the society: perfect the environmental policy tool and improve the accuracy of the policy implementation of opening school stadiums and gymnasiums to the society: refine the supply-oriented policy tool and enhance the driving force of the policy on opening school stadiums and gymnasiums; supplement the demand-oriented policy tool and enhance the consumption driving force of the policy for opening school stadiums and gymnasiums to the society. For stakeholders, the service evaluation system and reward mechanism of opening school stadiums and gymnasiums to the society should be improved, and the implementation of policies for residents and social organizations should further and comprehensively use all kinds of policy tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the effect of emergency nursing team model combined with chain management on the emergency efficiency and treatment effect of acute stroke. Methods A total of 98 patients with acute stroke admitted to Dongfeng People's Hospital of Zhongshan City from December 2018 to May 2020 were selected and divided into an observation group (n =49) and a control group (n =49) according to the random number table. The control group received routine nursing, and the observation group received the emergency nursing team model combined with chain management on the basis of routine nursing. The treatment effect, first aid efficiency, occurrence of adverse events, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and Barthel Index (BI) scores before and after thrombolysis were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 97. 96%, which was significantly higher than 81. 63% in the control group (P <0. 05). The triage time, waiting time and emergency treatment time of the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group (all P < 0. 05). After thrombolysis, the NIHSS scores of the two groups were lower than those before thrombolysis, and the BI scores were higher than those before thrombolysis. The NIHSS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the BI scores were higher than those of the control group. The differences were statistically significant (all P < 0. 05). The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was 2.04%, and 8.16% in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (P > 0. 05). Conclusion The application of emergency nursing team model combined with chain management in acute stroke can improve the effect and efficiency of emergency treatment, improve neurological function, improve the ability of daily life, and reduce the incidence of adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the characteristics of large eccentricity, time-varying orbit height and satellite speed in elliptical orbit SAR, the sliding mode design was studied for large elliptical orbit SAR. Firstly, considering different resolution improvement factors at different orbital positions, ground beam footprint consistency, antenna scanning angle, antenna scanning angular velocity and so on, a sliding spotlight mode was designed for large elliptical orbit SAR. Then, the slant range model of gliding spotlight mode echo was studied. Finally, a simulation validation was carried out. The simulation results show that the parameters of sliding spotlight mode for elliptical orbit SAR need to be adjusted with the change of orbit position. In order to meet the imaging requirements, the slant model needs to be expanded to third order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aroma compounds in red fragrant pear were analyzed by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME)and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS). The extraction conditions of aroma components in red fragrant pear were systematically optimized by response surface method. The aroma components were identified based on chromatographic retention index and mass spectrometry analysis and olfactometry and the contribution of aroma substances to the relative odor activity values was evaluated. The optimal extraction efficiency was achieved under the following conditions: 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) SPME fiber, 2.9 g of sample, extraction time 46 min, temperature 64 °C, equilibrium time 30 min and desorption time 4 min. The results showed that a total of 127 compounds were detected, 76 compounds of which were structurally identified, accounting for 97.36 % of the total volatile substance. These compounds included 18 esters, 9 aldehydes, 13 alcohols, 12 alkenes, 4 ketones, 11 hydrocarbons, 9 other compounds. According to the result of olfactometry and relative odor activity value (ROAV), the main flavor volatile components were identified: ethyl acetate; hexanal; ethyl hexanoate; hexyl acetate; ethyl -2 -trans -4 -cis -decadienoate; nonanal; trans -2 -hexenal; ethyl caprylate; ethyl caprate; alpha-farnesene; phthalic acid diisobutyl ester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the distribution of genetic structure of Y- SNP and Y- STR genetic markers in different ethnic groups and its application in forensic science. Methods SNaPshot minisequencing was used to detect the polymorphisms of 12 Y- SNP loci in 439 males from 6 ethnic groups, including Guangxi Han, Guangxi Jing, Guangxi Miao, Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Zhuang and Guangxi Dong. DNATyper™ Y26 kit was used to multiplex-amplify 26 Y-STR loci. The PCR products were analyzed by 3130x/genetic analyzer. The network analysis of Y-STR haplotype under the same Y-SNP haplogroup was analyzed by Network 5.0 software. Results Six haplogroups defined by 12 Y-SNP loci were detected in 6 ethnic groups, and 362 haplotypes were detected in 26 Y-STR loci. The haplotype diversity was 0.996 6. In the C haplogroup, the samples from Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Zhuang and Guangxi Dong were clustered on different branches; in the O1 haplogroup, those from Guangxi Zhuang, Guangxi Miao and Guangxi Jing were relatively independent and clustered separately; in the O2 haplogroup, some samples from Guangxi Miao and Guangxi Yao were gathered in a cluster. Conclusion Based on the Y-STR network analysis of samples with identical haplogroup of Y-SNP, some ethnic groups can be preliminarily distinguished, which could be used to infer male suspects' ethnic group through detecting their genetic markers left in the crime scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the genetic polymorphism of Y chromosome D-M174 haplogroup and sub- haplogroups in East Asia. Methods The samples of 1 426 unrelated male individuals from East Asia were collected, and then 7 Y chromosome haplogroup D-M174 and the Y- SNP of its sub-haplogroups were detected with mini-sequencing. The 22 Y- STR genotypes were detected with DNA Typer Y26 kit. The haplogroup was analyzed using direct counting method, heatmap, phylogenetic cluster and network graph cluster, and then distribution of genetic polymorphism and the clustering relation between populations and samples of Y chromosome D haplogroup were discussed. Results Haplogroup D-M174 were distributed mostly among Tibetans (40.96%) and Japanese (35.71%), while less or none were distributed among the surrounding areas of Tibet and other areas. Conclusion The geographical distribution of Y chromosome D-M174 haplogroup in East Asian populations has significant characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid transport in yarns is affected significantly by geometry of capillary. In order to investigate the mechanism between the structure of capillary and the liquid transport behavior, an N section lotus-rhizome-node-like non-uniform capillary model was established based on the Darcy's law and capillary pressure equation to investigate the transport of liquid in the capillary of yarns. The wicking height-time equation of the non-uniform capillary was obtained as a function of the height and width ratio between the converging and diverging nodes and their total section numbers. Nylon filament yarns with different twist factor and different single filament fineness were prepared to verify the model. The results indicated that liquid transport velocity greatly depended on the alternate frequency between the converging section and diverging section (i.e. the section number in certain length). The non-uniform capillaries with rapid alternations between converging and diverging nodes have low liquid transport efficiency. The thick capillary exhibits a fast liquid transport efficiency and high balanced wicking height in those capillaries with the same geometry (the same height and width ratio). The experimental results from the twisted Nylon filament yarns agreed fairly well with the theoretical predictions of the N-section lotus-rhizome-node-like non-uniform capillary model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with low orbit Synthetic aperture radar ( SAR), geosynchronous Earth orbit Synthetic aperture radar (GEOSAR) has more advantages, such as wider swath, shorter revisiting period, so has a wide range of civil and military applications. Due to the satellite time-varying Doppler centroid and analogous sliding spotlight work mode, conventional azimuth ambiguity calculation method is not accurate when used in geosynchronous Earth orbit Synthetic aperture radar. This paper proposes a new method for analyzing the azimuth ambiguity. Based on accurate satellite-earth geometry model, the Earth's rotation, time-varying velocity, time-varying Doppler centroid and antenna pointing variance in the analogous sliding spotlight work are considered in the new method. The azimuth ambiguity is obtained accurately when the antenna gains including no ambiguity area and ambiguity area are both calculated. And then the expression of GEOSAR azimuth ambiguity was deduced based on spatial coordinate' s transformation and vector representation. Finally, simulations are carried out to verify the proposed approach using a set of GEOSAR parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Eu2+ doped Sr2CaMoO6 powders with high emiisivity were fabricated by the traditional solid state reaction at the temperature of 1100 °C. The X-ray powder difraction (XRD), infrared transmittance spectra (IR), Raman spectra and Infrared emiision properties were examined to study the structure and the infrared emiision properties of the samples. Also the eefects of the diferent amount of Eu2+ on the infrared emiisivity were investigated. It was found that the XRD patterns, infrared transmittance spectra, Raman spectra and infrared emiisivity would change according to the increase of the amount of Eu2+, and the Eu2+ ions replace the Sr2+ site in the structure. When the content of Eu2+ is about 5%, the powders reach the highest emiisivity with 0.886 at the range of 3 ~ 5 μm, 0.936 at the range of 8 ~ 14 μm and 0.915 at 1 ~22 ⓰m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]