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In multichannel adaptive radar target detection, diverse nonhomogeneous background factors can cause considerable outlier interference, making it challenging to meet the requirements of independent and identically distributed training data. Current methods for screening training data rely on prior knowledge of the number of outliers, often leading to poor performance in real-world scenarios where this number is usually unknown. This paper addresses these issues by focusing on adaptive training data screening when the number of outliers is unknown. First, the outlier set is estimated using maximum likelihood estimation, assuming known covariance matrices of clutter and noise. In particular, the training data is initially ranked based on the generalized inner product of each range cell data, approximately transforming the maximum likelihood estimation of the outlier set to the estimation of the number of outliers. Second, a fast maximum likelihood estimation algorithm is employed to calculate the unknown covariance matrix, and an adaptive screening approach is designed for scenarios with an unspecified number of outliers. Furthermore, to address the adverse effects of outliers on ranking performance, a normalized generalized inner product form is devised utilizing the normalized sampling covariance matrix. This form is subsequently incorporated into an iterative estimation procedure to improve the adaptive screening accuracy of training data. Simulation results demonstrate that the screening accuracy of the normalized generalized inner product exceeds that of the generalized inner product. Moreover, through even a small number of reiterations, maintaining a consistent enhancement in terms of the Normalized Signal-to-Interference Ratio (NSIR) is still possible. Compared with existing methods, the proposed algorithm considerably improves screening performance, especially when the number of outliers is unknown.

Objective: The aggregation behavior of silk fibroin under specific conditions can influence its kinetic behavior and viscoelastic properties, thereby affecting biological properties of silk fibroin materials. Therefore, this study systematically investigated the self-assembly aggregation behavior of silk fibroin and explored the conditions for enhancing its mechanical performance and biological properties. Methods: Regenerated silk fibroin was extracted and prepared from domestic silkworm cocoons, and the optimal assembly conditions were determined through turbidity experiments. Rheological experiments were conducted to study the influence of Na+ on the kinetic behavior and viscoelastic properties of silk fibroin solutions. Cell proliferation experiments were carried out to investigate the biological properties of silk fibroin. Results: The extracted regenerated silk fibroin primarily exhibited a random coiled structure. The optimal in vitro self-assembly conditions involved assembly of a 4 mg/mL solution at 70 ℃ for 6 hours. The addition of Ca2+ to the silk fibroin solution inhibited in vitro self-assembly, while the addition of Na+ accelerated the assembly rate and increased the degree of assembly. Furthermore, with increasing Na+ concentration, the gel strength of silk fibroin gradually increased, leading to a more stable gel network. Cell proliferation experiments demonstrated that the solution of regenerated silk fibroin was more conducive to cell growth and proliferation than its self-assembled fibers. Conclusion: The concentration, temperature, assembly time, and ions all have an impact on the in vitro self-assembly aggregation behavior of silk fibroin. This study provides preliminary research on the self-assembly aggregation conditions and biological properties of silk fibroin, offering experimental basis for improving the performance of silk fibroin as a food packaging material.

Supergravity is a noncontact volumetric force; when there is a density difference between the two phases, supergravity can strengthen their separation. The removal of nonmetallic inclusions in steel by supergravity technology not only does not cause molten steel to stir back to the mixing but also promotes the rapid floating of inclusions and shortens their floating time in the molten steel. Small inclusions that are difficult to remove can be removed using a supergravity field. The shape of the inclusions affects their floating behavior in molten steel. To study this effect, this study uses the fluid–structure interaction method to track the computational fluid–solid interface state, constructs three inclusions with different aspect ratios in a two-dimensional longitudinal section, and performs simulation studies of the floating behavior of the inclusions in a supergravity field. The effects of the different initial angles of the inclusions on their floating behavior were also compared. The simulation results show that the floating velocity of the inclusions is related to their shape and floating angle, and the faster the floating velocity, the closer the aspect ratio is to 1, or the floating angle is too vertical. For a given length, inclusions with a larger equivalent diameter float faster. In the supergravity field of G = 1000, the inclusions with a length of 1 μm did not undergo rotation; the inclusions with lengths of 10 and 20 μm rotated from the initial angle (45°, 90°) to the horizontal and then floated steadily. The floating velocity of inclusions is related to the real-time angle of inclusions. The rotational state of the inclusions gradually decreases as the gravity coefficient decreases. When G = 50, the inclusions with a length of 20 μm (initial angle of 90°) fail to rotate completely, which also proves that the inclusions are more likely to rotate when initially inclined instead of vertically. In addition, it was concluded that supergravity does not cause anisotropy in steel properties and that the method of removing inclusions from steel by supergravity does not have a substantial negative effect on steel properties. Finally, this study noted that the prediction of the supergravity treatment time using this model should be based on the floating velocity of the inclusions in the horizontal state, and an approximate time for the floating removal of the inclusions is provided based on this conclusion.

The southwestern China is a vital ecological safeguard and is characterized by ecological fragility and climate sensitivity.Based on the MOD13A3 NDVI dataset， this study used a pixel dichotomy model to calculate the average Fractional Vegetation Cover （FVC） from 2000 to 2020 annually， during growing seasons， and in each of the four seasons for the whole southwestern China and its provinces， a spatio-temporal variation analysis was then performed on FVC across different time scales.The study also discussed the primary factors influencing FVC changes over the past 21 years， using ERA5 temperature data， GPCP satellite precipitation data， and DEM data.Finally， the Hurst Index was used to predict future FVC trends.（1） The results indicate that from 2000 to 2020， the overall FVC in the eastern part of the southwestern China showed an increasing trend， particularly in Chongqing and Guizhou， while Tibet showed a general decline.（2） Spatially， the FVC generally showed a "higher in the east and lower in the west" trend， with areas where FVC increased accounting for 43.9% of the total area， and areas of decrease accounting for 53.5%.（3） Precipitation promotes FVC， while temperature has varied effects in different regions.（4） Human activity significantly impacts FVC， with promotion， suppression， and no effect zones accounting for 40.4%， 47.6%， and 12.0% of the grid percentage， respectively.（5） Elevation and FVC over different time scales are significantly correlated but both exhibit a pronounced declining trend.FVC increases significantly with slope， but decreases when the slope is greater than 25°.The effect of aspect on FVC in the southwestern China is less significant than that of slope， elevation， and climatic factors.（6） In the future， the FVC in Tibet and the eastern parts of Sichuan， Yunnan， and Guizhou in the southwestern China will increase， while most areas of western Sichuan and the Hengduan Mountains will exhibit a decreasing trend.The results can provide data support and scientific guidance for the formulation of ecological protection plans in the southwestern China.

BackgroundPublic places are frequently polluted by cigarette smoking, and there is a lack of accurate, real-time, and intelligent monitoring technology to identify smoking behavior. It is necessary to develop a tool to identify cigarette smoking behavior in public places for more efficient control of cigarette smoking and better indoor air quality. ObjectiveTo construct a model for recognizing cigarette smoking behavior based on real-time indoor concentrations of PM2.5 in public places. MethodsReal-time indoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured for at least 7 continuous days in 10 arbitrarily selected places (6 public service providers and and 4 office or other places) from Oct. to Nov. 2022 in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Indoor nicotine concentrations were monitored with passive samplers simultaneously. Outdoor PM2.5 concentration data were obtained from three municipal environmental monitoring stations which were nearest to each monitoring point during the same period. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare indoor and outdoor means of PM2.5 concentrations, and Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze indoor PM2.5 and nicotine concentrations. An interactive plot and a random forest model was applied to examine the association between video observation validated indoor smoking behavior and real-time indoor PM2.5 concentrations in an Internet cafe. ResultsThe average indoor PM2.5 concentration in the places providing public services [(97.5±149.3) µg·m−3] was significantly higher than that in office and other places [(19.8±12.2) µg·m−3] (P=0.011). The indoor/outdoor ratio (I/O ratio) of PM2.5 concentration in the public service providers ranged from 1.1 to 19.0. Furthermore, the indoor PM2.5 concentrations in the 10 public places were significantly correlated with the nicotine concentrations (rs=0.969, P

Optical networks are vulnerable to signal jamming attacks aimed at disrupting communication services due to their structural fragility.Based on this, a machine learning-based jamming attacks detection, identification and restoration framework was proposed.In terms of attacks detection and identification, the performances of BiLSTM, 1DCNN, and seven conventional machine learning classifiers (ANN, DT, KNN, LDA, NB, RF, and SVM) were evaluated in detecting the presence of attacks, and identifying different types of jamming attacks.In terms of attacks restoration, a BiLSTM-BiGRU-based jamming attacks restoration model was proposed to restore light-in-band, strong-in-band, light-out-of-band, and strong-out-of-band jamming attacks.Numerical simulation results reveal that the proposed model demonstrates excellent performance with a detection and identification accuracy of 99.20%, with attack restoration ratios of 95.05%, 97.03%, 94.06%, and 61.88%, respectively.

Herein, cryo-grinding technique was introduced into the extraction process of silk fibroin, aiming to achieve efficient preparation and controllable performance of silk fibroin. More specifically, the cocoon was pre-frozen in liquid nitrogen for 12 h before being ground, and the physical and chemical properties of the obtained sample (GSF322) were compared with the control one (SF). Results revealed that, compared with SF, the degumming duration for GSF322 dwindled from 90 min to 40 min with a close yield. Circular dichroism analysis demonstrated that the pretreatment process would not destroy the steric structure of the macromolecule. Turbidity assay implied that the assembly activity of the polymer in vitro could also be manipulated via assorted grinding periods, among which the sample ground for 3 min had the best assembly capacity. Dissection of the Zeta potential displayed that, after grinding, the positively-charged groups on the molecular chain of GSF322 might multiply, resulting in the exposure of more -NH2 groups in the surroundings and enhanced hydrophilicity of the material, which was in accordance with the trend from the water solubility experiment. Moreover, in the thermostability test, the dehydration peak for GSF322 was higher than that of SF, showing better thermal stability. To conclude, concerning the extraction process for silk fibroin, the cryogrinding approach sheds light on both the strengthening of the extraction efficiency as well as the tuning of the physiochemical aptitudes of the polymer.

There are abundant deep to ultra-deep oil and gas resources in China, but the degree of exploration is low. The deep to ultra-deep reservoirs have higher temperature and pressure than the shallow ones, and the fluid from the deep strata plays a stronger role in the deep formations. Therefore, the deep to ultra-deep reservoirs have different accumulation mechanism from the shallow ones. Through extensive research at home and abroad, the particularity and main control factors of hydrocarbon generation, reservoir-forming and hydrocarbon accumulation of deep to ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs were systematically summarized. It was suggested that there are materials and energy in the deep to ultra-deep environment that can promote the continuous hydrocarbon generation of hydrocarbon kitchens, which can further promote oil and gas accumulation. Fluids originating from deep to ultra-deep reservoirs can play a constructive role in forming high-quality large-scale reservoirs in deep strata. The deep CO2-rich fluid flowing through source rocks and reservoirs can promote the hydrocarbon expulsion in deep strata and the hydrocarbon accumulation in shallow strata. Although these theories summarized by predecessors are still controversial in guiding the discovery of large-scale oil and gas reservoirs, it should be seen that under the unique geological conditions of deep to ultra-deep strata, when summarizing the law of oil and gas accumulation, comprehensive and full consideration of various factors will help to improve the success rate of deep to ultra-deep exploration wells and reduce exploration costs.

Using polyaluminum chloride residue as raw material, the effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, additive ratio and other factors on the activation effect of silicon dioxide in polyaluminum chloride residue were studied by single factor experiment and orthogonal design, and the technological conditions for producing silicon fertilizer from polyaluminum chloride residue were determined. The results show that the significant influence of three factors effective silicon content and the activation rate of silicon in polyaluminum chloride waste residue is as follows: activator dosage > calcination temperature > calcination time. The amount of activator and calcination temperature have obvious influence on the content of effective silicon in the calcined product, while the calcination time has no obvious influence on the content of effective silicon in the calcined product. With the increase of the amount of activator, the effective silicon content in the product increases. When the amount of activator reaches 41%, the effective silicon content tends to be stable, and the correlation coefficient between the amount of activator and the effective silicon content reaches 0.9829; with the increase of calcination temperature, the effective silicon content in the product increases, and reaches the peak after 1250℃，when the temperature is 1240～1270℃, the time is 30～40 min and the dosage of activator is 41%～45%, the content of effective silicon in the product is the highest, reaching about 30%.

To achieve the all-optical pattern matching for optoelectronic firewall which could process high-speed optical signals efficiently, a BPSK all-optical pattern recognition system with the data rate up to 42 Gbit/s was proposed and demonstrated by employing the commercial optical components.First, the input BPSK sequence was converted to a positive and a negative IM signals by adding in-phase and inverse-phase coherent carriers, respectively.Then the converted IM signals were coupled into time delay lines and optical AND logic gates implemented by HNLF to achieve the optical correlation operation.In the end, a high-level optical pulse indicating the pattern matched result was output.The numerical simulation and the experiment results demonstrate that the proposed system can recognize a 4-bit target BPSK sequence from an 8-bit 42 Gbit/s BPSK input sequence, which proves the feasibility of the all-optical pattern matching of BPSK signals and can be applied to high-speed optoelectronic firewall.

To meet the increasing requirements on material removal efficiency, surface quality, and subsurface damage in the ultra-precision grinding process, a textured-fixed abrasive plate (T-FAP) with random grid structure based on the Voronoi Diagram is proposed. The abrasive tool is fabricated by using UV-curable resin and micro-level alumina abrasive grains. The influence of time-varying texture characteristics of surface wear on the machining performance is studied via MATLAB image analysis and numerical simulation of the grinding trajectory. The lap-grinding experiment of the aluminum workpieces is carried out to analyze the material removal efficiency and workpiece surface roughness obtained from the T-FAP grinding process. The results show that the surface roughness of the workpiece processed with the T-FAP grinding is 0.84 μm, and that the material removal rate is 3.21 μm/min. Compared with the traditional fixed abrasive grinding tool, the T-FAP grinding ensures the material removal efficiency and obtains high surface accuracy as well.

To effectively meet the differentiated quality of service (QoS) requirements of various vehicular applications, a dual time scale resource allocation algorithm for radio access network (RAN) slicing in software-defined polymorphic Internet of vehicles (IoV) was proposed.Considering the constraints of the minimum rate requirement of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) slice users, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) link reliability, the maximum power of nodes, the maximum number of RBs, a joint optimization problem of caching, spectrum, power allocation was formulated, with the aim of minimizing the average delay of ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) slice users.By using the Hungarian algorithm, linear integer programming method and the double deep Q-Learning network (DDQN) algorithm, the original NP-hard problem was solved in dual time scales.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the traditional algorithm in ensuring the QoS requirements of different slice users and improving the spectrum utilization.

Presently, the High Consequence Areas (HCAs) are mainly identified according to Oil and gas pipeline integrity management specification (GB 32167－2015). However, due to the lack of effective technical means, the quantitative identification criterion in the standard has a limited guidance effect on the actual identification work, thus leading to the inefficiency of identification and the low accuracy of identification results. In this regard, the HCA identification method based on high-resolution remote sensing images was proposed. Meanwhile, the buildings along the pipeline were detected and extracted automatically based on the convolutional neural network and the conditional random field, in combination with the identification of buffer area and the Linear Referencing based pipeline segmentation. Thus, the identification of HCAs along the pipeline was completed through the geometric calculation. Moreover, the HCAs of a pipeline were identified with this method, of which the accuracy rate and recall rate were 93% and 90%, respectively, showing a great improvement in the efficiency and accuracy of HCA identification. Hence, the research results could provide technical guidance to the efficient and quantitative identification of HCAs along the pipeline, and the method has a good application prospect.

In order to achieve the efficient interconnection of everything, under the limitations of terminal devices’ batteries and network coverage, the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) technology was introduced to build a new IRS-aided simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) network.To further improve the total throughput of the network, a resource allocation (RA) scheme aiming at sum-rate maximization was proposed.Considering that the constraints of the maximum transmit power of a base station, the minimum energy requirement of each device and the phase shifts on an IRS, a joint transmit beamforming, power splitting (PS) ratio and phase shift optimization problem was formulated.Due to the non-convex problem and coupled variables, a block coordinate descent (BCD)-based algorithm was proposed.Then, the joint transmit beam forming design, PS ratio optimization and phase shift design were solved by using the successive convex approximation (SCA) and Riemannian manifold methods, respectively.Simulation results show that the proposed RA scheme performs better than the existing RA schemes in terms of sum-rate.

Supergravity significantly increases the gravity difference between two phases and thus can accelerate phase separation in solid–liquid mixtures, liquid–liquid mixtures, and liquid–bubble mixtures that have high temperatures and viscosities. Due to its directionality, supergravity avoids turbulent backmixing in melts, typically seen in agitation and other separation techniques, and is applicable toward the deep removal of fine inclusions in liquid metals. Under supergravity, solid–liquid interfacial tension is negligible and microporous seepage is straightforwardly achievable. Particle–liquid separation during crystallization can be performed under supergravity to prepare gradient materials. Supergravity accelerates particle–liquid separation, which refines solidified grains, but can also produce macroscopic segregation in noneutectic melts. Supergravity is widely applicable and beneficial to many fields. In metallurgy and materials production, supergravity can be used to improve the separation and extraction of valuable components from metallurgical slags of complex ores, separation and recovery of molten metal in smelting slags, melt crystallization separation of polymetals, and slag–metal separation of reduced iron from complex ores. In addition, supergravity can also be applied to high-end metal materials to improve the refinement and removal of impurities in metal materials toward near zero inclusion. Furthermore, supergravity can improve the manufacturing of functional gradient materials, metal–ceramic composites, porous metal materials, and device materials via electrodeposition modification. Finally, supergravity solidification can be used as a high-throughput method for the preparation of material genomes.

In order to reduce computation complexity, a two-layer mutli-RSU (road side unit) service caching and peer offloading algorithm (MPO) was proposed to decouple the optimization problem.In the designed MPO, the outer layer utilized multi-agent meta-reinforcement learning, which established long short-term memory (LSTM) network as the meta-agent to balance decisions of local agents and accelerate learning progress.The inner layer utilized lagrange multiplier method to achieve optimal decision for RSU peer offloading.Experimental results based on real traffic data in Hangzhou demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other methods and remains robust under large-scale workloads.

In order to investigate the best ball-milling method for the aggregate powder of the loess-based ceramic membrane support, loess powder was treated by dry and wet ball milling methods. The particle size characteristics of loess powder after treatment of different methods were compared to determine the most suitable ball milling method for aggregate loess powder. Then, loess powder was treated by wet ball milling method under different duration. The microscopic morphology, crystal structure, particle size distribution and thermal effect of the powders were analyzed. It was found that the most suitable ball milling duration for the powder is 5 h. The effect of wet ball milling of loess powder is better than dry method, so wet ball milling is more suitable as a pretreatment method for loess-based ceramic membrane support aggregate. With the increase of ball milling time, the median particle size of loess powder gradually decreases, but the uniformity grows at first, and then declines. The main crystal phase of loess powder has not changed in the ball milling process. As the duration of ball milling increases, the crystallinity of the crystals inside the powder decreases at first and then increases. Simultaneously, the start and end temperature of the thermal decomposition reaction of the powder becomes lower, the interval of the violent reaction stage becomes narrower, and the reaction process becomes smoother. These changes in powder properties are beneficial to the sintering of the supports in the later stage, making the preparation process more energy-saving to reduce the cost of preparation.

Superhydrophobicity in the surface is a phenomenon in which the contact angle between the water and the corresponding surface is greater than 150° and the rolling angle is less than 10°. A superhydrophobic surface exhibits unique properties and has a wide range of application prospects in the field of self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-icing, oil-water separation, and antibacterial agents. In addition to its unique self-cleaning properties, it can play a distinctive role in the fields of building maintenance, anti-biological corrosion in ship bodies, medical antibacterial agents, etc. At present, low-surface-energy materials commonly used to construct superhydrophobic materials mainly include alkane compounds, organosilicon compounds, and fluorine-containing compounds. However, these materials generally have problems of high production costs, large environmental pollution, and complex preparation processes, which severely restrict the industrial production and application of superhydrophobic coatings. Graphene is a two-dimensional honeycomb-structured material formed by the covalent bonding of carbon atoms through sp2 hybrid orbitals. It is the basic unit of graphite, and it is the thinnest two-dimensional material found so far. As a class of materials with outstanding physical and chemical properties, graphene materials have always received extensive attention because of its high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high specific surface area, high light transmittance, and excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, graphene has been considered a promising material in aerospace, petrochemical, marine ships, and other fields. The construction of superhydrophobic surfaces based on graphene is a relatively new direction in the research of superhydrophobic surfaces at present. Although graphene-based superhydrophobic materials have shown excellent performance in the laboratory, they have not been used on a large scale in industrial production. In this paper, the principles of superhydrophobic surfaces were summarized, focusing on the research status of graphene-based super-hydrophobic materials preparation technology, including surface modification, deposition modification, laser induction, dip-coating method, and layer-by-layer self-assembly. The applications of graphene-based super-hydrophobic materials in the fields of self-cleaning, oil-water separation, anti-icing, corrosion resistance, and anti- bacterial agents were also introduced. Finally, this paper presents the prospective future research directions of graphene-based super-hydrophobic materials.

In order to evaluate the ultimate pressure bearing capacity of high-grade steel pipeline with pure dent defect, finite element analysis was performed for the deformation of steel pipeline during the formation of dent and the hydraulic test. In addition, full-scale hydrostatic burst test and strain test were also conducted for the pipeline with pure dent defect. Based on the full-scale test results, the results of the finite element analysis were verified in terms of burst pressure, rebound behavior and strain of pipeline with pure dent defect. The results show that the finite element analysis results are consistent with the experimental results in both processes of dent formation and hydraulic test, with an error of less than 10%. It indicates that the simulation of the dented pipe is accurate. Besides, the burst pressure of the dented pipe with a depth of 15.9% D(D refers to the outer diameter of pipeline) is 38 MPa, which is higher than the calculated burst pressure, 31.2 MPa, of the non-defective steel pipe, indicating that the tested dent has no adverse effect on the pressure bearing capacity of pipeline. The research findings provide technical support to the theoretical analysis of high-grade steel pipeline with dent defect.

To meet diverse business needs,both architecture on demand (AoD) nodes and multi-core fibers (MCF) based software-defined multi-dimensional optical networks will enable customizable network services.Aiming at the problem of management and control for multi-dimensional network resources,the architecture of software-defined multi-dimensional optical networks was introduced firstly.Then,the enabling technologies to support the implementation of software-defined multi-dimensional optical networks were presented.Finally,the development direction of software-defined intelligent multi-dimensional optical networks was proposed and analyzed.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an effective way to obtain in situ chemical information in biological tissues, and used in various application fields, including biology, food and medicine. It is often desirable to acquire high-resolution spectra of obtain more information of the sample, such as J-couplings, split structure and etc. However, acquiring high-resolution spectra under inhomogeneous field can be challenging. It has been shown previously that intermolecular double-quantum coherence (iDQC) derived from remote dipole-dipole interactions are insensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneity, and can be utilized to obtain high-resolution spectra under inhomogeneous fields. In this work, the IDEAL-II sequence was used to detect iDQC in butyl methacrylate, tomato and watermelon under inhomogeneous fields to obtain high-resolution spectra of these samples. The results demonstrated that the iDQC technology may provide a valuable tool in food science research.

Due to the superiority in large bandwidth capacity and flexible resource allocation,orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network (OFDM-PON) has been recognized as one of the promising candidates for the next generation PON.There are many research works on the system architecture design of OFDM-PON.However,most of these works focused on the techniques of physical structure and signal transmission and less addressed the bandwidth allocation algorithms supporting the new types of system architecture.The bandwidth allocation in OFDM-PON,which is one of the key techniques to enable the access of multi-service,refers to the joint optimization of multi-dimensional resources in time domain,frequency domain and bits.A layered bandwidth allocation algorithm was proposed for multi-service in the enhanced system architecture of OFDM-PON,aiming at the efficient bandwidth resource utilization.Simulation results prove that the proposed bandwidth allocation algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithms without layered transmission significantly in terms of resource utilization and packet delay.

In view of the multimedia information security,based on the entropy module on high efficiency video coding (HEVC/H.265),combined with the magic square,a real time and high efficiency encryption technique for high-definition video streaming was proposed.The algorithm which had an effective use of transform coefficient sparsity enabled coefficient group (CG) of transform block (TB) scrambling,and used a selective encryption on syntax elements in CG's entropy.The experiments prove that the investigated scheme has high security,which can guarantee the standard compliance and the demand of video encryption while having a low impact on encoding-rate performance.

Background and objective Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most common histological subtypes of lung cancer. The incidence of this disease was continuously increased. This study aims to detect the expressions of Napsin A, TTF-1, ERCC1, RRM1, EGFR, HER2, ERα, ERβ, PR, and Bcl-2 in lung adenocarcinoma and to explore their correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Methods A total of 227 lung adenocarcinoma specimens were constructed in tissue microarrays. The expressions of the 10 tumor biomarkers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections. Results Among the 10 markers, Napsin A was gender-related (P=0.049). Napsin A, PR, and EGFR were significantly associated with smoking. TTF-1 and ERCC1 were closely associated with tumor size. Napsin A, TTF-1, ERα, and PR were remarkably associated with tumor differentiation. TTF-1, Bcl-2, and ERCC1 were closely associated with tumor stage (P0.05). Univariate analysis results showed that Napsin A, TTF-1, and ERCC1 were significantly associated with overall survival. TTF-1 was remarkably associated with disease-free survival (P0.05). Multivariate analysis results showed that pathological staging was significantly associated with overall survival and disease-free survival (P0.05). Conclusion Napsin A, TTF-1, and ERCC1 are the markers indicating good prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.

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Safe and efficient land-air communication is an important means to improve flight safety. It is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the functions, performance and system safety of the new intelligent system in order to use artificial intelligence(AI) technology to replace the function of flight crew. The detailed operation process of the artificial intelligence flight communication system and the interoperation interface of the avionics system are designed. The working principle and architecture of the artificial intelligence flight communication system, as well as the hardware implementation scheme and some pilot operational procedures are given. The advantages of AI technology instead of flight communicator function is conducted. Based on the analysis of system safety and communication performance, it is concluded that the scheme of the AI flight communicator system is feasible, and its performance is better than the original artificial air-ground communication system.

Airworthiness is the key to the development of China's civil aircraft CNS (Communication, Navigation and Surveillance) system. This paper analyzes and determines airworthiness requirements and verification requirements of CNS system, and presents the verification method of CNS system according to airworthiness standards, that is performing verification by flowing the verification methods, verification levels, test bench and trace process. The method proposed in this paper can also be applied in other civil aircraft avionics systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amplitude error of each antenna in three-element array is an important factor affecting the angle simulation precision, which is a key index in radio frequency simulation system (RFSS). Analyzing the relationship between angle simulation error and amplitude error is of great significance. Firstly, under the maximum amplitude error limitation of three-element array, the problem of maximum angle simulation error at a fixed incoming wave direction is modeled. This optimization problem is a non-convex optimization problem, and by analyzing its structural characteristics, six possible values for the optimal solution are obtained. Secondly, the problem of maximum angle simulation error at any incoming wave direction within the three-element array is modeled. Based on the optimization results for the fixed incoming wave direction and structural properties of the problem, a closed-form expression for the maximum angle simulation error is obtained, and the apparent radiation centers corresponding to the maximum angle simulation error are revealed. Then, when the amplitude errors approach zero, the asymptotic characteristics of the maximum angle simulation error of the three-element array are analyzed, revealing that the asymptotic angle simulation error increases linearly with the amplitude error. Finally, the accuracy of the analysis results is proved via numerical simulations.

Anticancer chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CTX) is accompanied by toxic side effects such as bone marrow suppression and intestinal mucosal injury, which seriously affects the treatment tolerance and prognosis of patients. In recent years, polysaccharides have been used as detoxifying and synergistic adjuncts for antitumor drugs due to their anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory activities. This paper systematically summarizes polysaccharide purification technologies, elaborates on the detoxification mechanism of polysaccharides on CTX from multiple perspectives such as immunomodulation, antioxidation, intestinal protection, liver and kidney protection, and reproductive system protection, and discusses the synergistic effect of polysaccharides with CTX by directly or indirectly killing tumors. Furthermore, the regulatory pathways of polysaccharides in cancer chemotherapy are summarized from two aspects: toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement. We hope that this review could provide a reference for research on the mechanism of action of polysaccharides in reducing the toxicity and enhancing the efficacy of CTX, and provide new directions for reducing the toxic side effects of CTX.

The accumulation and sudden release of elastic energy of near-field surrounding rock is the essence of strain-type rock burst in deep roadway. In order to further understand the mechanism of near-field surrounding rock energy on rock burst disasters, a strain-type rock burst model was established, the energy process of strain-type rock burst was proposed, and the energy supply law of strain-type rock burst energy source to burst rock under different factors was revealed by combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that: in the strain-type rock burst, the ratio of energy supply to total energy of near-field surrounding rock system is negatively correlated with the stiffness ratio of energy supply to burst rock; the higher the elastic modulus of the roof and floor is, the higher ratio of the deep coal is, and the lower ratio of the roof and flooris. The larger depth of the burst rock is, the lower the energy supply ratio of the corresponding deep coal is, and the higher the energy supply ratio of the roof and floor is; under the condition of hard roof and floor strata, the prevention and control of strain-type rock burst is to reduce the energy storage of deep coal and reduce the energy supply of deep coal. Under the condition of soft roof and floor strata, the prevention and control of strain-type rock burst should strengthen roof support and floor pressure relief to reduce the energy supply of roof and floor; the roof and floor are the main energy supply sources for the strong-strain-type rock burst, and the energy of the deep coal plays a scouring effect on the weak-strain-type rock burst.

ObjectiveTo investigate mediating role of blood pressure on the association of body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and to provide evidence for control of CVD risk. MethodsUsing stratified multistage random sampling and a self-designed questionnaire, a baseline survey including face-to-face interview, physical examination and laboratory tests were conducted among 15 600 permanent urban/rural residents aged 18 – 69 years during June – September, 2021 in Shandong province; then the residents were followed up to October 11, 2021 through the Cardiovascular Diseases and Mortality Surveillance System to collect the information on the prevalence of CVD. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the association of body mass index (BMI) with the risk of CVD. The dose-response relationship between BMI and CVD risk was described with restricted cubic splines (RCS). The mediating role of blood pressure on the association of BMI with CVD risk was assessed with sequential test. ResultsOf all the residents at the baseline survey, 89.17% (13 688) were followed up; after excluding those with previous history of coronary heart disease (n = 254) and stroke (n = 115) and those without valid outcome information, 13 268 participants were finally included in the analysis, with a total follow-up of 133 733.79 person-years and a median follow-up period of 10.25 years. By the end of the follow-up among the participants, totally 492 CVD incidences were identified and the CVD incidence density was 367.90/100 000 person-years. The number of CVD incidence was 22，173，183, and 114 among the participants with low-weight, normal-weight, overweight, and obesity, with the corresponding CVD incidence densities (1/100 000 person-years) of 380.08, 285.84, 410.42, and 499.25, respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, education, marital status, annual household income, living area (urban/rural), geographical region of residence (central/southeast/northwest), smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, daily salt intake, daily oil intake, and disease history of hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia, multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model analysis showed that the participants with overweight were at an increased risk of CVD incidence (hazard risk [HR] = 1.253, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.014 – 1.548) compared to those with normal weight. Dose-response analysis revealed a J-shaped relationship between BMI and the risk of CVD (χ2overall = 29.87, P overall = 0.004; χ2nonlinear = 7.08, Pnonlinear = 0.069). Mediating effect analysis demonstrated that the direct effect of BMI on CVD incidence risk was 0.038 (Z = 11.644, P < 0.001) and the mediating effect of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and hypertension was 0.022 (Z = 12.354, P < 0.001), 0.041 (Z = 10.589, P < 0.001) and 0.133 (Z = 11.506, P < 0.001). The mediating effect percentages of SBP, DBP pressure and hypertension were 36.67%, 51.90% and 77.78%, respectively. ConclusionBlood pressure has a strong mediating effect on the association of BMI with CVD risk. The results suggested that more attention and intervention on the changes of blood pressure need to be promoted among overweight and obesity populations.

The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP/Coronavirus disease 2020, COVID-19) outbreak in the world. The requirement of disposable medical protective clothing has been increasing sharply. The sterilization process is an important part in the production of protective clothing. In order to resolve the residual harmful ethylene oxide to meet the relevant standards, usually, medical disposable protective clothing using ethylene oxide sterilization process requires at least 7 to 14 days. Gamma radiation is faster and more efficient disinfection and sterilization technology. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the irradiation sterilization technology of medical disposable protective clothing. In this study, two typical PET (polyethylene terephthalate) materials for disposable medical protective clothing were selected, one with PU (polyurethane) coating and one without PU coating. Combined with Emergency Specification for Irradiation Sterilization of Medical Disposable Protective Clothing (Provisional) and ISO 11137, The bioburden test was conducted on them respectively. On the basis of bioburden level results appropriate method was selected to establish sterilization dose for each sample. The sterilization dose was validated using BFT V-type gamma irradiation facility of Suzhou CNNC Huadong Radiation Co., Ltd. For the PU-coated protective clothing. Validation results show for sterility assurance level (SAL=10-6) the medical protective clothing with PU sterilization dose is 30.6 kGy and the medical protective clothing without PU coating sterilization dose is 30.8 kGy. The PET protective medical clothing samples were treated with 20.0 kGy, 30.0 kGy and 50.0 kGy radiation dose. After irradiation, the breaking strength did not change significantly, and it still complied with the requirements of the national standard GB 19082-2009. The results proved that the gamma irradiation sterilization process established for PET medical disposable protective clothing was effective and it could achieve a sterility assurance level (SAL=10-6). Finally, some suggestions on the application of irradiation sterilization of disposable protective clothing were put forward.

Under the scenarios of climate change, balancing the land and water resources is one of the key problems needed to be solved in land development. To reveal the water dynamics of the cultivated land in Naoli River Basin, we simulated the future scenarios by using the future land use simulation model based on Landsat Satellite images, the DEM data and the meteorological data. Results showed that the growth rate of cultivated land gradually decreased. It showed different changing characteristics in different time periods, which led to different balancing effect between land and water resources. In 1990, the water dynamics of the cultivated land resources was in good state, At the same time, the adjustment of crops structure caused the paddy fields increased dramatically. During 2002 to 2014, the cultivated land that in moderate and serious moisture shortage state increased slightly, the water deficit was deteriorating to a certain degree, and maintained sound development of water profit and loss situation gradually. By comparing the simulation accuracy with different spatial resolutions and time scales, we selected 200 m as the spatial resolution of the simulation, and simulated the land use status in 2038. The simulation results showed that the cultivated land's water profit and loss degree in the river basin showed significant polarization characteristic, in that the water profit and loss degree of the cultivated land would be further intensified, the area with the higher grades of moisture profit and loss degree would distribute more centralized, and partially high evaluated grades for the moisture shortage would expand. It is needed to develop the cultivated land irrigation schemes and adjust the cultivated land in Naoli River Basin to balance soil and water resources.

Different forms of heavy metals in soil will produce different environmental effects, and will directly influence the toxicity, migration and bioavailability of heavy metals. This study used lime, fly ash, dried sludge, peanut shells as stabilizers in the treatment of heavy metals in mineral waste residues. Morphological analyses of heavy metal, leaching experiments, potted plant experiments were carried out to analyze the migration and transformation of heavy metals. The results showed that after adding stabilizers, the pH of the acidic mineral waste residues increased to more than neutral, and the organic matter content increased significantly. The main existing forms of As, Pb, and Zn in the mineral waste residues were the residual. The contents of exchangeable and organic matter-bound As decreased by 65.6% and 87.7% respectively after adding fly ash, dried sludge and peanut shells. Adding lime, fly ash and peanut shells promoted the transformation of As from the Fe-Mn oxide-bound to the carbonate-bound, and adding lime and fly ash promoted the transformation of Pb and Zn from the exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxide-bound, organic matter-bound to the residual. After the early stage of the stabilization treatment, the contents of As, Pb and Zn in the leachate had varying degrees of decline, and adding peanut shells could reduce the contents of As, Pb and Zn in the leachate further. Among them, the content of As decreased most significantly after treatment with fly ash, dried sludge and peanut shells, with a decline of 57.4%. After treatment with lime, fly ash and peanut shells, the content of Zn decreased most significantly, by 24.9%. The addition of stabilizers was advantageous to the germination and growth of plants. The combination of fly ash, dried sludge and peanut shell produced the best effect, and the Vetiveria zizanioides germination rate reached 76% in the treated wasted mineral residues.

Objective: To have a better utilization of diurnal photosynthetic variation of Drynaria fortunei in three light environments and provide theoretical basis for its artificial cultivation., Methods: Diurnal photosynthetic variation of Drynaria fortunei were determinated by portable photosynthesis analysis system (Li-6400), and correlation between physiological and environmental factors was further analysed., Results: The diurnal net photosynthetic rate (NPR) exhibited a single peak curve, with the peak value of NPR occurring at 15:30. The mean diurnal Pn of D. fortunei in three environments followed a tread of tree epiphytes > shine > shade. WUE had significantly positive correlation with NPR. Air temperature (Ta), ambient CO2 concentration (Ca) and relative humidity (RH) were the main environmental factors for NPR of D. fortunei., Conclusion: The optimum cultivation condition of D. fortunei is 32 degrees C, RH around 40%, and appropriate shade is recommended.

This study is to investigate the effect of osthol on osteoclasts' activity, bone resorption as well as apoptosis in vitro, and explore the mechanism of osthol in preventing osteoporosis. Osteoclasts were separated from long-limb bones of new born rabbits, cultured in 24-well plate with glass slices and bone slices, and treated by 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) osthol. Osteoclasts were identified by observing live cells with phase contrast microscope, HE staining, TRAP staining and toluidine blue staining of bone resorption pits. The numbers of bone resorption pits were counted as well as the surface area of bone resorption on bone slice. Osteoclasts were stained with acridine orange to detect the cell apoptosis. The ratio of apoptotic osteoclasts was observed under fluorescence microscope. The gene expression of RANKL, OPG, TRAP and p-JNK1/2 protein expression were examined using real time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Comparing with the control group without osthol, the rates of apoptotic osteoclasts increased obviously and the number and area of bone resorption pits decreased evidently with 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) osthol. There is significant difference between control group and experiment group treated by 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) osthol. Therefore, the osthol through RANK+RANKL/TRAF6/Mkk/JNK signal pathway inhibits the osteoclasts activity, enhances osteoclasts apoptotic and inhibits the bone resorption.

An excellent strain (designated as T-3) which produces bio-flocculants was isolated from soil samples, and identified as Klebsiella sp. species based on the analysis of morphology, physiology and biochemistry and 16S rDNA sequences measurement. The effects of culture conditions such as pH values, temperature, carbon sources and nitrogen sources on bio-flocculants production by T-3 strain were studied. The experiment results show that T-3 strain has better adaptability to carbon sources and nitrogen sources, and higher capacity of bio-flocculants was obtained when the initial pH value of culture and temperature were 9 and 25 degrees C respectively. Based on the colorimetric reactions of proteins and polysaccharide substance, ultraviolet scanning analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis, it is found that the bio-flocculants produced by T-3 strain contains -OH and -COO(-) groups and belongs to anionic type flocculant. Moreover, the main component is polysaccharides. The treatment of oily cold-rolling wastewater by the bio-flocculant was investigated and the better result was obtained. When the dosages of CaCl2, bio-flocculants and poly aluminium chloride were 4 g x L(-1), 10% (volume fraction) and 1 g x L(-1) respectively, and the pH value was 7.0, the oil concentration, COD and turbidity were decreased to 10 mg x L(-1), 218.4 mg x L(-1) and 1.36 from 4 819 mg x L(-1), 28 456.8 mg x L(-1) and 3 950 with the removal efficiencies of 99.79%, 92.32% and 99.97% respectively. The interaction between flocculant and oily droplets is achieved by the interaction of Van der Waals force, hydrogen bond and the bridged coordination of Ca2+, in which the bridged coordination of Ca2+ is the dominant.

Objective: This study was conducted to compare serum cytosolic β-glucosidase (CBG) levels of age-matched control patients with those of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) thereby to determine the eventual association between serum CBG levels with extensive disease in infants with NEC., Method: A total of 96 premature infants were divided into the early NEC group (n = 25), confirmed NEC group (n = 23) and the control group (n = 48). Serum CBG concentration, C-reactive protein (CRP) and peripheral blood white blood cells (WBC) were measured at the onset of the disease in patients in early NEC or confirmed NEC groups and at weeks 2-3 in control infants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, Student's t-test, linear correlation, Spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for statistical analysis., Results: The median birth weights (mean ± SE) in the three groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Serum CBG concentration in the 3 groups were (112.369 ± 108.539) nmol/L, (693.013 ± 211.614) nmol/L and (36.478 ± 28.31) nmol/L, respectively. The infants in the confirmed NEC group had highest CBG levels, compared with the other 2 groups (P < 0.05). When the levels of CBG ≥ 65 ng/ml, CRP ≥ 2 mg/L and WBC < 5 × 10(9)/L within 3 days after birth or > 20 × 10(9)/L 3 days after birth were considered as positive parameters, the sensitivity of CBG and CRP was higher than that of WBC (P < 0.05). Among these indices, CBG had the highest specificity (87.4%), positive predictive (95.6%) and Youden's index (81.3%). CBG is correlated with CRP (the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.379, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Serum CBG concentration increases early in NEC. Serum CBG level was associated with extensive disease in infants with NEC. Therefore CBG can be used as a marker in the early diagnosis of NEC.

This study is to investigate the effects on the expression of iNOS and production of NO in the osteogenic differentiation process of rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) by icariside II. rBMSCs were cultured by adherence screening method. When the culture dishes were covered with 80% cells, the osteogenic induced cultures were adopted. Icariside II was supplemented into the culture at 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1). The activity of iNOS, content of NO and osteogenic differentiation markers including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, CFU-FALP and mineralized bone nodules were compared among the icariside II-supplemented group, L-NMAE group, icariside II + L-NAME group and the control. Total RNA was isolated and the gene expression of iNOS, Osterix and Runx-2 was investigated by real-time PCR. Total protein was also isolated and the secretion of iNOS and collagen I was examined by Western blotting. Icariside II can significantly improved ALP activity, CFU-FALP amount and mineralized nodules. Besides, the mRNA level of factors related to the osteogenic differentiation includes Osterix and Runx-2 also enhanced. The secretion of collagen I also promoted significantly. But all of these effects can be inhibited by L-NAME which can specifically inhibit the activity of iNOS. Icariside II enhances the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs significantly, but if the activity of iNOS was blocked by L-NAME, the osteogenic differentiation markers decrease accompanied with iNOS and NO decrease, suggesting that icariside II stimulates the osteogenic differentiation via enhancing the activity of iNOS and promoting the generation of NO.

Objective: To investigate the effect of isopsoralen on proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and calcification capacity of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROB)., Methods: Segregated neonatal SD rat skull,and digestion with enzyme to obtain bone cells and cultured in MEM containing 10% FBS. Exchange the medium after three days, proceeded serial subcultivation when cells covered with 90% culture dish. Proliferation analysis was performed in 96-well plates use MTT method, isopsoralen's final concentration were 1 x 10(-4), 1 x10(-5), 1 x 10(-6), 1 x 10(-7) mmol/L. Differentiation analysis was performed in 24-well plates, the Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium salt sediment yield and osteocalcin measured at the 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th day. At 12th day, proceeded ALP stain, and at 14th day for alizarin red staining and calcified nodule count., Results: When the Isopsoralen's final concentration was 1 x 10(-5) mmol/L, there was no significant effect on the ROB's proliferation, but it could promote osteogenesis. It also could raise the ALP activity and calcium salt sediment yield and osteocalcin, increase calcified tubercle amount., Conclusion: When the isopsoralen final concentration is 1 x 10(-5) mmol/L, it promoted ROB differentiation and maturation. Isopsoralen may be the active ingredients of preventing anti-osteoporosis in Psoralea corylifolia.

Objective: To investigate the effects of icariin and it's main metabolites-icariside II on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs)., Methods: rBMSCs were cultured by adherence screening method, icariin and icariside II were supplemented into the culture at 5 x 10(-5) mol/L respectively. The osteogenic differentiation markers including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, CFU-F(ALp), osteocalcin secretion, calcium deposition and mineralized bone modulus were compared among the icariin-supplemented group, icariside II and the control. The gene expressions of bFGF, IGF-1, Osterix and Runx-2 were examined by RT-Real Time PCR., Results: Both icariside II and icariin significantly improved ALP activity, CFU-F(ALP) amount, osteocalcin secretion, calcium deposition and mineralized modulus. Besides, they enhanced the gene expressions of bFGF, IGF-1, Osterix and Runx-2. Icariside II was obviously stronger than icariin at the above activities., Conclusion: Icariside II is stronger than icariin at enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, suggesting that icariin can be administered via oral and it's metabolites are the effective constitutes for antiosteoporosis activity.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Osthol on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts of rats (rat calvarial osteoblasts, ROB) cultured in vitro., Methods: The neonatal SD rat skull was segregated, and enzyme digestion was used to obtain bone cells which were cultured in MEM containing 10% FBS. The medium was changed every three days, and serial subcultivation was performed when cells covered with 90% of the culture dish. The Osthol was added to 96-well plates with final concentration of 1 x 10(-4) mol/L, 1 x 10(-5) mol/L, 1 x l0(-6) mol/L and 1 x10(-7) mol/L, and MTT method was used to evaluate the proliferation. Differentiation analysis: the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined at the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th days separately after osteogenic induction culture. The synthesis of type I collagen was observed using immunohistochemical method at the 8th day. The ALP stain was performed at the 12th day. The alizarin red staining was done and calcified nodules was counted at the 14th day., Results: The Osthol with final concentration of 1 x 10(-4) mo/L inhibit the proliferation of ROB. The Osthol with final concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol/L had no obvious influence on the proliferation of ROB, but it significantly promoted the activity of ALP, enhanced the synthesis of collagen type I and increased the number of calcified nodules., Conclusion: The Osthol with final concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol/L can promote differentiation and maturation of ROB, which may be active ingredients of Chinese drugs for the osteoporosis prophylaxis.

The novel way of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater was proposed and characterized by purifying wastewater by Spirogyra. The characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by Spirogyra were studied aiming at nitrogen and phosphorus removal in advanced treatment of sewage. Under natural light, when Spirogyra's dosage (gross mass) was more than 3.05 g/L, total phosphorus concentration, NH4+-N concentration, TN concentration and permanganate index decreased to less than 0.09, 2.82, 4.31 and 16.86 mg/L respectively, with removal efficiencies of more than 96.84%, 88.60%, 85.49% and 24.56%. During the treatment of sewage, pH value increased, while both calcium cation and magnesium cation concentration decreased, and conductivity decreased. During the growth of Spirogyra, increasing pH value induced saline minerals precipitation, and the precipitated minerals adsorbed phosphate, which were considered as the main mechanisms of phosphorus removal. Furthermore, phosphorus removal by Spirogyra followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, and the saturated adsorption of Spirogyra (gross mass) for phosphorus was 3.159 mg/g under this test condition. The increasing pH value made ammonia evaporate during Spirogyra-growth, which might be the main mechanism of nitrogen removal. Under suitable Spirogyra's dosage and hydraulic retention time, the treated sewage might meet the demands of water supply for landscape impoundments on nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The better performance of Spirogyra removing nitrogen and phosphorus might provide a novel alternative way for advanced treatment of sewage.