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An analytical method was established for the simultaneous detection of five saccharides in tea by multi-plug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) combined with high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD). An m-PFC cartridge with polyamide powder as sorbent was developed for sample pretreatment. Tea samples were extracted with water while shaking, and then back-extracted with dichloromethane for the removal of impurities. The upper phase was purified using the m-PFC column and detected by HPLC. Quantification was performed by the external standard method. The results showed that the logarithm of the peak areas was linearly related to the logarithm of the concentrations of rhamnose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose within the linear ranges tested, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) were in the range of 0.04–0.1 g/100 g, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.10–0.20 g/100 g. The average recoveries at three spiked levels were in the range of 91.0%–103%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.0%–4.6%. This method has the advantages of simple operation and good purification effect, and is suitable for the quantitation of these five saccharides in tea.

Additive manufacturing based on PTIG (pulsed tungsten inert gas, PTIG) is a branch of arc additive manufacturing technique. Its notable advantages are low cost, high deposition rate, high material utilization ratio, and suitable for manufacturing parts of large size. In this paper, the research results on the control of formation quality, microstructure and properties of the parts deposited by PTIG additive manufacturing were emphasized in view of experimental research and numerical simulation. Meanwhile, the shortcomings of current investigations were also summarized. Based on accurate prediction and accurate control on the formation quality, microstructure and properties, the research directions for further study on PTIG additive manufacturing technique in the future were put forward, including the influence mechanism of process factors on the formation quality, defects forming mechanism and the suppression measures, numerical simulation on microstructure evolution in molten pool, formation and regulation mechanisms on internal stress and deformation,and the establishment on quantitative relationship model between the microstructure and mechanical properties.

Loss-control urea with nanometer mineral loss control agent added during production period could reduce the loss of nitrogen (N) through adsorption. Figuring out the application rate of loss-control urea and the appropriate rate with conventional urea could provide evidences for summer maize one-time fertilization, N fertilizer reduction, and use efficiency improvement. Under different yield level soil conditions, field experiment was arranged to investigate the effects of different N fertilizer managements on summer maize yield, aboveground biomass, nutrient accumulation, photosynthetic characteristic, and N utilization efficiency. Treatments of conventional urea (N at 210 kg hm-2), loss-control urea (full dose with N at 210 kg hm-2, 10% reduction with N at 189 kg hm-2, and 20% reduction with N at 168 kg hm-2), and different combined proportions of loss-control urea and conventional urea (at 7:3, 5:5, and 3:7) were carried out. The results revealed that N fertilizer application could significantly increase the yield of summer maize and the full-dose loss-control urea treatments increased the yield by 22.96%-27.55%, compared with that under conventional urea application at high- and middle-yield soil conditions. The application of loss-control urea at 10% and 20% reduction sustained the summer maize yield at high- and middle-yield soil condition with improved grains per ear, compared with full-dose loss-control urea application. The N fertilizer utilization efficiency under loss-control urea at 20% reduction treatment at high-yield soil condition reached 41.60%. N accumulation was comparable with full-dose loss-control urea application under proportions of loss-control urea and conventional urea at 7:3 application. Meanwhile, this treatment could sustain the yield and straw biomass at high- and middle-yield level soil and significantly increased the yield and straw biomass at low-yield field. In conclusion, one-time application of loss-control urea with N at 210 kg hm-2 could significantly improve the yield of summer maize and N efficiency of the fertilizer utilization. The application of loss-control urea with 20% reduction could sustain the summer maize yield with significantly improved N utilization efficiency at high- and middle-yield soil conditions, which was the suitable N fertilizer application for high- and middle-yield field. Loss-control urea and conventional urea at 7:3 application was suitable for N fertilizer application for low-yield field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the anti-aging performance of asphalt material, the penetration, ductility, softening point and rotational viscosity of original asphalt and asphalt doping with different content of nano carbon black had been tested before and after short-term film heating aging. The values of residual penetration ratio, residual ductility ratio, softening point increment and residual viscosity ratio were calculated. The results showed that nano carbon black could improve asphalt binder viscosity, enhance the ability of deformation resistance and effectively improve aging resistance performance of asphalt, but the ductility decreased and the convenience of construction got worse. The optimum amount of nano carbon black in nano carbon black asphalt was suggested to be 5% from the point of technology and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the development of model predictive control (MPC) of uncertain systems has been remarkable. This paper briefly reviews the development of robust MPC and stochastic MPC, summarizes their applications, and expounds and discusses the main algorithms of linear uncertain systems in these two fields. By summarizing their general models, the ways they work, computational complexities, and the ideas they use to ensure recursive feasibility and stability, we reveal the relationship of feasible sets among some of them and unravel the main features of these algorithms and their application situations. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of all the algorithms through certain simulation cases and give some indication on the future development of these two fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to clarify the response characteristics of Chinese cabbage pakchoi ( Brassica chinensis L.) under two particle size (100 nm and 1000 nm) polystyrene microplastic (PS-MPs) stress conditions. This study can provide a theoretical basis and experimental reference for the interpretation of the physiological and ecological mechanism of microplastic pollution and the bioremediation of microplastic-contaminated soil. Hydroponic experiments were carried out to study the effects of two particle sizes (100 nm and 1000 nm) of PS-MPs on growth, photosynthetic physiology, antioxidant enzyme activities, nutritional quality, anatomical structure, and canopy temperature in Chinese cabbage pakchoi. The results showed that PS-MPs stress significantly inhibited the growth and development of Chinese cabbage pakchoi. When PS-MPs stress was increased, the phenotypic indicators were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, PS-MPs stress significantly enhanced the oxidative stress response of Chinese cabbage pakchoi, such as the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves. Such a change tended to decrease the thickness of fenestrated and leaf and spongy tissues. Moreover, PS-MPs stress significantly increased the canopy population temperature of the Chinese cabbage pakchoi leaves. Microplastic stress had obvious inhibitory effects and toxic damage on the growth, development, and physical and chemical properties of Chinese cabbage pakchoi.

Eight polyphenols were separated from grape seed by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The separation was performed using a two-phase solvent system composed of 1-butanol-ethyl-water (1:14:15, v/v/v) and n -hexane-ethyl-water (1:10:10, v/v/v). The upper and lower phases were used as the stationary and mobile phases, respectively. A flow rate of 2.0 mL/min was employed for the separation. The apparatus was rotated at 900 r/min, and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. Under the selected conditions, procyanidins B 1 , procyanidins B 2 , gallic acid, epicatechin gallate, and catechin were obtained from the grape seed extracts with a purity of 98.5%, 97.2%, 98.3%, 98.9%, and 96.7%, respectively. Epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and gallocatechin gallate were obtained by preparative high performance liquid chromatography with the purity of 99.2%, 99.3%, and 99.2%, respectively. The proposed method is simple and shows high separation efficiency, and will be of great importance for the comprehensive utilization of grape seed.

A novel and effective method was established for the qualitative analysis of impurities in auramine O samples of illegal food additives using high performance liquid chromatography-ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-IT-TOF-MS). An impurity was identified in the auramine O sample using the optimized HPLC-IT-TOF-MS method. According to the exact mass of each fragment ion measured by multistage MS, the structure of the impurity was determined to be that of 4-(imino (4-(methylamino) phenyl) methyl)- N,N -dimethylaniline hydrochloride. The synthetic route of the auramine O and the source of the identified impurity were proposed. Simultaneously, a preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) technique was successfully applied for the purification of the auramine O from complex samples. Prep-HPLC columns with particle sizes of 10 μm and 5 μm were used for the separation and purification with injection volumes of 1 mL and 500 μL, respectively. Finally an auramine O reference standard with 99.52% purity was obtained by secondarily purification and determined by the analytical HPLC area normalization method. Deducting the 0.34% moisture content and 0.13% ash content, the final purity of the sample was 99.05%, as determined by mass balance method. The chemical structure was examined using UV, IR, LC-MS, and NMR. The developed method is simple and efficient, and can be applied for the preparation of reference standard materials for other illegal food additives.

Panax ginseng is a well-known medicinal plant all over the world. It has high nutritional value and medicinal value. China and South Korea are the major countries in the world for ginseng cultivation, production and exportation. China's ginseng production accounts for more than half of the world, but the output value is less than that of Korea. The standardization process of ginseng industry plays an important role. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the Chinese and Korean ginseng national standards and the standardization process, and makes a detailed comparative analysis of the categories, standard contents, index selection, age, implementation and promotion status of the Chinese and Korean ginseng standards. The development disadvantages of ginseng industry standardization were displayed. And we give our advises on the standard revision, implementation of China's ginseng industry standardization, hoping to enhance the competitiveness of China's ginseng industry., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To conduct a health risk assessment of pesticide residues and its annual trend analysis in drinking water in Shenzhen City., Methods: The water quality monitoring data of product water, pipe water and secondary supply water during from 2011 to 2013 were collected and analyzed. The risk evaluation models recommended by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) were employed to perform health risk assessments for children and adults on the 12 non-carcinogenic materials (namely, heptachlor, pentachlorophenol, hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene, DDT, malathion, glyphosate, dimethoate, bentazone, atrazine, chlorothalonil, furadan). Results The results of the analysis for water quality from 84 factory samples, 11 peripheral samples and one secondary supply water sample showed that all of the measured indicators in the above mentioned water samples met the National Health Standards (GB 5749-2006) published by Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. The adults and children' s health indices (HIs) of the 12 non-carcinogenic materials were greater than 1 (2. 323 - 6. 312). Dimethoate in factory and peripheral water samples posed the largest risks of harm among the non-carcinogenic pollutants measured. And its HIi were also greater than 1 (1. 995 - 5. 094) and followed by hexachlorobenzene and heptachlor. Annual rising trend on health risk of the 12 pesticide residues indicated that their HIT on adults was 2323. 18 x 10(-3) in 2011, 2340. 18 x 10(-3) in 2012 and 2431. 97 x 10(-3) in 2013, and on children 2965. 07 x 10 (-3) in 2011, 2986. 77 x 10(-3) in 2012 and 3103. 93 x 10(-3) in 2013, respectively. This study also suggested that the average risk of peripheral water samples (HIT was equal to 2619. 64 x 10(-3) was greater than that of factory samples (HIT was same as 2366. 92 x 10(-3), and more children' s health risk than adults' risk., Conclusion: Health risks of pesticide residues in drinking water in Shenzhen have exceeded the threshold value and dimethoate was the main hazard and more children's health risk than adults' risk. Furthermore, there was an annual rising slowly trend on health risks of pesticide residues in drinking water.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of fluid resuscitation as guided by lactate clearance rate (LCR) and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) in patients with sepsis., Methods: A prospective randomized control study was conducted. Fifty patients diagnosed with severe sepsis or septic shock from January 2011 to February 2012 in department of critical care medicine of Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the sequence (each n=25): ScvO2 group and LCR group. After ICU admission, the patients were treated symptomatically timely, and fluid resuscitation was started as early as possible according to Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidance for management of severe sepsis and septic shock 2008. Central venous pressure (CVP)≥8 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), mean arterial pressure (MAP)≥65 mm Hg and ScvO2≥0.70 served as goal values to accomplish the fluid resuscitation therapy in ScvO2 group, while CVP≥8 mm Hg, MAP≥65 mm Hg, LCR≥10% served as goal value to accomplish the fluid resuscitation therapy in LCR group. The general condition and clinical characteristics on arrival in ICU, changes in CVP, MAP, ScvO2, lactate level and/or LCR before (0 hour) and 3, 6, 72 hours after the start of fluid resuscitation and the other related conditions during the therapy were recorded., Results: There was no significant difference in general data or clinical characteristics before the start of therapy, occurrence of organ dysfunction, or treatment measures during different time periods after start of fluid resuscitation. Compared with the condition immediately before fluid resuscitation, at 3 hours after start of fluid resuscitation, CVP were improved in LCR and ScvO2 groups (8.58±1.17 mm Hg vs. 6.33±1.21 mm Hg, 9.08±2.43 mm Hg vs. 5.33±0.98 mm Hg, both P<0.05); at 6 hours after start of fluid resuscitation, heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were lowered in LCR and ScvO2 groups (HR: 96±18 bpm vs. 127±13 bpm, 98±13 bpm vs. 116±19 bpm, RR: 23±3 times/min vs. 33±9 times/min, 24±5 times/min vs. 35±6 times/min, all P<0.05), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was increased in LCR and ScvO2 groups (179±41 mm Hg vs. 86±21 mm Hg, 202±33 mm Hg vs. 95±17 mm Hg, both P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in MAP in both groups. There was no significant difference in all indexes between two groups. In LCR group, 3 hours after start of fluid resuscitation, lactate level was significantly decreased (2.81±0.18 mmol/L vs. 3.43±1.31 mmol/L, P<0.05). Compared with the value 3 hours after start of fluid resuscitation, LCR was significantly improved at 6 hours and 72 hours after start of fluid resuscitation in LCR group [(42.69±8.75)%, (48.87±9.69)% vs. (20.32±4.58)%, both P<0.05]. Compared with that immediately before fluid resuscitation, ScvO2 was significant improved in ScvO2 group at 3 hours after start of fluid resuscitation (0.65±0.04 vs. 0.53±0.06, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in success rate of fluid resuscitation comparing that of 6 hours and that of 72 hours [6 hours: 72% (18/25) vs. 64% (16/25), χ(2)=0.368, P=0.762; 72 hours: 88% (22/25) vs. 88% (22/25) ,χ(2)=0.000, P=1.000], length of ICU stay (8±3 days vs. 10±4 days, t=0.533, P=0.874), length of hospital stay (29±11 days vs. 35±16 days, t=0.692, P=0.531), improvement rate [84% (21/25) vs. 76%(19/25), χ(2)=0.500, P=0.480] or 28-day mortality [20% (5/25) vs. 28% (7/25), χ(2)=0.439, P=0.742] between LCR and ScvO2 groups., Conclusions: Both LCR and ScvO2 can be taken as the index in confirming the endpoint of fluid resuscitation for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Fluid resuscitation therapy under the guidance of LCR is accurate and reliable in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.

A salt tolerant mutant at seedling stage was obtained from an M2 population of radiation mutagenesis of an indica rice cultivar R401. The mutant seedlings could survive under the treatment of sodium chloride solution at the concentration of 150 mmol/L, while the wild-type control seedlings withered and died. An F2 population was developed from a cross between a japonica cultivar Nipponbare and the salt tolerant mutant. By investigating the performance of the F2 population under the stress of 150 mmol/L NaCl solution, we found that the mutant phenotype was caused by the recessive mutation of a single gene, temporarily designated SST(t). Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) based on the F2 mapping population revealed that SST(t) is located on chromosome 6. By analyzing 137 typical salt-tolerant F2 plants using molecular markers, SST(t) was mapped in a 2.3 cM (or 406 kb) interval between InDel markers ID26847 and ID27253, with genetic distances of 1.2 cM and 1.1 cM to the two markers, respectively.

The mutant of "Sanming Dominant Genic Male Sterile Rice" was found from an F2 population of cross "SE2lS/Basmati370" by Sanming Institute of Agricultural Science in 2001. It has proven that the male sterility of this mutant is controlled by a dominant gene (named as SMS). By multiple backcrosses, this dominant male sterile allele was introduced into the genetic background of an indica rice cultivar Jiafuzhan (which was known as Jiabuyu). In order to map SMS, a mapping population was constructed by crossing Jiabuyu with a japonica cultivar Nipponbare and further crossing the F1 with Jiafuzhan. By bulked segregant analysis and linkage analysis using SSR and INDEL markers, SMS was mapped to a 99 kb interval between INDEL markers ZM30 and ZM9 on chromosome 8. This result will facilitate cloning of SMS.

Objective: To explore the effects of postoperative enteral immunonutrition on inflammatory response and immunologic function in patients with gastrointestinal tumor., Methods: Clinical data of 106 gastrointestinal malignant tumor patients with malnutrition who were treated in the Department of General Surgery, the People's Hospital of Cangzhou in Hebei province from January 2008 to June 2010 were prospectively collected. Patients were randomized into two groups, including enteral immunonutrition group(n=53) and common enteral nutrition group(n=53). Related immunological indices and C-reaction protein were measured on preoperative day 5 and postoperative day 1 and 9., Results: The general information and preoperative immunological indices were comparable between the two groups(P>0.05). On postoperative day 9, levels of CD4, CD4/CD8, IgG, lymphocyte, NK cells, and complement C3, C4, and CH50 in the enteral immunonutrition group were higher than those in common enteral nutrition group. Serum C-reaction protein level was lower than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Postoperative infection rate was 3.8%(2/53) in enteral immunonutrition group, significantly lower than that in control group with an infection rate of 15.1%(8/53)(P<0.05). The mean postoperative hospital stay of the two groups were (8.1±1.1) d and (9.2±2.1) d, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05)., Conclusion: For gastrointestinal malignant tumor patients with malnutrition, the use of enteral immunonutrition can alleviate the postoperative trauma and inflammatory response, improve the immune function, thus can reduce the occurrence of postoperative infection, and accelerate patient recovery.

Objective: To affirm the presence of relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) in the early phases of sepsis and its probable mechanisms, and to study the optimal time for glucocorticoid replacement therapy., Methods: A total of 260 healthy male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (each group n=52), including normal control group, sham operation group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, dexamethasone prevention group (with 10 mg/kg dexamethasone injection into the abdominal cavity before CLP) and dexamethasone treatment group (with 10 mg/kg dexamethasone injection into the abdominal cavity 7 hours after CLP). Each group was subdivided into five subgroups according to five time points: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 hours. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) test was conducted at 8 hours and 12 hours, and before and after 30 minutes of ACTH administration, the cortisol content in serum was determined with radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA in adrenal glands were detected with semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ultrastructure of adrenal cortex was observed with transmission electron microscope. The survival rats was recorded in all groups., Results: (1) The levels of cortisol in CLP group, dexamethasone prevention group and dexamethasone treatment group were respectively higher than those of normal control and sham operation groups (all P<0.05). But there was no marked change in the levels of cortisol between pre-and post-ACTH in rats with sepsis in the early phases. (2)The expressions of TLR4, TNF-alpha mRNA in adrenal both were significantly increased in CLP group, and they were higher than those in sham operation group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expressions of TLR4, TNF-alpha mRNA in dexamethasone prevention group and treatment group were significantly lower than those in CLP group, and those in the dexamethasone prevention group were lower than those in sham operation group. (3)In the groups of CLP, dexamethasone prevention and treatment, ultrastructure changes were observed in the adrenal, especially in CLP group. (4)The survival rate of the dexamethasone prevention and treatment groups at 12 hours were higher than that of CLP group (76.92%, 40.00% vs. 33.33%, P<0.01 and P<0.05). The survival rate of dexamethasone prevention group was higher than that of dexamethasone treatment group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: (1)RAI occurs during the early stage of sepsis. (2)The expressions of TLR4, TNF-alpha mRNA in adrenal and changes in corticoadrenal ultrastructure participates in the pathogenesis of RAI in the early stage of sepsis in rat. (3) Dexamethasone therapy could effectively increase the survival rate and improve outcome through down-regulating the expression changes in TLR4, TNF-alpha mRNA and alleviating changes in ultrastructure of adrenal glands. Early administration of dexamethasone may give good result in the treatment of sepsis.

A two-dimensional liquid chromatographic system (NPLC x RPLC) has been developed. Normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) with a Hypersil SiO2 column (50 mm x 4.6 mm) was used as the first dimension, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm) was used as the second dimension. The interface was a ten-port, two-position valve with two storage loops. As to improve the compatibility of the two dimensional mobile phase and be good for adjusting the selectivity of separation, 1,4-dioxane was used in the mobile phase of the first dimension, and isopropyl alcohol was used in the mobile phase of the second dimension based on the characters of the organic solvents. By raising the temperature of the second dimension, the incompatibility of the two dimensional mobile phases was avoided. A Chinese potent medicine, Zhengtian Wan, was analyzed by this system. The total peak capacity reached 1 220.

Objective: To study the situation of tuberculosis (TB) infection among the employees of the anti-TB institutions in Henan., Methods: Cross-sectional study was adopted the employees working in all municipal-level- anti-TB institutions and 40 anti-TB institutions at county-level selected randomly from 109 counties of the province were regarded as surveyed objects. Tuberculin skin test (TST) was used to test the infection with PPD., Results: 2153 employees accepting the TST and the positive rate was 60.6%, of which the positive rate was 66.1% among healthcare workers. Among the employees and healthcare workers, the positive rates of TST adjusted by the stratum weights between municipal-level and county-level institutions were 57.3% and 62.8% respectively with Chi-square test the analysis of multivariate logistic vegression, both positive rate and strong positive rate among healthcare workers, the employees older than 30 years of age and working in municipal-level institutions were significantly higher than those among non-healthcare workers, the employees younger than 30 years old and working in county-level institutions, respectively. There were not significant differences of positive and strong positive rates between employees with and without BCG-history, or between male employees and female employees., Conclusion: Program on TB infection control in anti-TB institutions of Henan were weak and the employees especiolly healthcare workers had a high vocational exposure.

We found that the seedlings of indica rice cultivar Dular showed chlorosis but the seedlings of japonica rice cultivar Lemont remained green under natural low temperature in early spring. Using an F2 population of Lemont Dular, we found that the difference of cold tolerance at seedling stage between Dular and Lemont is controlled by a single major gene, with the chlorosis allele being recessive. We named the gene cisc(t). With the help of SSR markers, cisc(t) was mapped in a 5.5 cM interval between SSR markers RM257 and RM242 on chromosome 9.

Objective: To study the epidemic situation and dominant strain of influenza in children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) during Flu season from Oct. 2005 to Mar. 2006 in Taiyuan., Methods: Madin-darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay were used to isolate and identify type A influenza viruses (H1N1 and H3N2) and B influenza viruses from clinical samples collected from outpatients who visited the Department of Pediatric because of ARI from Oct. 2005 to Mar. 2006. Oct. 2005 and Mar. 2006, we collected 415 blood samples from children and adults to detect the influenza virus antibody titers by HI test to exclude respiratory diseases., Results: 7 strains of H1N1 were isolated from 87 clinical specimens, with a positive rate of H1N1 as 8.04%. Out of 415 blood samples being collected, the positive rates and the geometric mean titer of H1N1 antibody Mar. 2006 were significantly higher in 0-3, 3-7 and 7-18 year-olds than Oct.2005., Conclusion: H1N1 epidemic influenza did occur among children in winter and spring of 2005--2006 in Taiyuan city.

Objective: To study and improve the tissue culture technology of Panax notoginseng., Method: Using the callus of leaf blade and leafstalk of P. notogingseng as explants, MS + 2, 4-D 1.5 mg x L(-1) as basal medium, the formation of asexual embryos was induced by added LFS, BA, KT or ZT 0.5 mg x L(-1), and cultured in dark. It cultured then in 2000 lx of illumination for 10-12 h x d(-1) to induce the asexual embryos germinating and developing to be the regenerated-plantlet., Result and Conclusion: Only the medium added with LFS could induce the formation of asexual embryos, and made it developed to be regenerated-plantlet. The inducing ratio of asexual embryos reached about 85%, and 30% of asexual embryos could grow and develop as robust regenerated-plantlets.

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a new coherent spectral technique based on femtosecond laser technology. The radiation band belongs to far infrared. This paper presents the absorption spectra of carbon monoxide measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the frequency range between 0.2 and 2.5 THz. The experimental results indicate that the carbon monoxide has many distinct characteristic spectra between 0.2 and 2.5 THz which agree with the calculated results. The absorption peaks become sharper with decreasing the pressure. This work establishes the basic spectra data for the future identification and characterization of carbon monoxide, and it is very significative to measure the harmful substance in the atmosphere by terahertz technology.

Objective: To investigate the association of somatostatin (SST) levels in plasma or jejunum tissue and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) life in intestinal ischemia reperfusion of macaque., Methods: MODS model in macaque was established by clamping superior mesenteric artery. The levels of SST in plasma and jejunum tissue were measured by radioimmunoassay. After incubated with SST, the apoptotic PMN were determined by the morphological studies, flow cytometer and DNA agarose electrophoresis. The expression of SSTR on PMN was detected by biosensor., Results: SST levels in macaque plasma or jejunum tissue were significantly decreased after intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. The apoptotic rate of PMN was obviously reduced (15.4% +/- 1.4% to 3.5% +/- 0.5%, P < 0.05). However, the number of apoptotic macrophage from abdominal cavity was clearly increased. The apoptotic rate of PMN was significantly increased (20.0% +/- 2.2% to 50.2% +/- 1.8%, P < 0.01) after incubated with SST in vitro. Specific DNA ladder bands from PMN were visualized with agarose electrophoresis. Specific bindings between PMN and the antibodies for SSTR1 (548 RU/ml +/- 20 RU/ml) or SSTR2 (28 RU/ml +/- 21 RU/ml) were detected., Conclusion: The physiological apoptosis of PMN in macaque could be induced by SST through SSTRs on PMN. The decreased SST levels in macaque plasma or jejunum tissue in the state of intestinal ischemia reperfusion might extend PMN life and promote the occurrence of MODS.

Objective: To investigate the polymorphism of HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 genes in Han population in Shanxi of China., Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) technique was used to identify the polymorphism of HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 genes of 7440 healthy and unrelated individuals of Han population in Shanxi, and the gene frequency distribution of HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 genes in population was compared with the results from other populations., Results: Eighteen HLA-A, forty HLA-B and thirteen HLA-DRB1 alleles were found. The frequencies of A*02, A*24, A*11, A*01, A*03, B*13, B*51, B*15, B*40, B*35, DRB1*15, DR*09, DR*12, DR*04, DR*07 alleles in Hans of Shanxi were significantly higher and displayed distinctive distribution profiles when compared with those of Caucasian and Afro-American., Conclusion: The HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 distribution in Shanxi Han population shares some genetic characteristics with other Han populations in northern part of China, but it exhibits its own characteristics.

Mapping of QTLs controlling chrolophyll content was conducted with the method of multiple-trait composite interval mapping, based on a recombinant inbred (RI) population consisting of 131 lines (F10) derived from a cross between two indica rice varieties, Acc8558 and H359, and on a corresponding genetic map comprising 147 RFLP and 78 AFLP markers. Six QTLs for contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were detected, respectively. Among them, five QTLs were the same between the two characters. These QTLs were mainly distributed on chromosomes 1 and 4, indicating that the two chromosomes were more important for chlorophyll content. qChlA1c and qChlB1b (these two QTLs were mapped at the same location) showed relatively large effects at all the four observation times and showed the largest effects at the sword leaf period. Another two QTLs (qChlA4a/qChlB4a and qChlA4b/qChlB4b) exhibited significant effects only at the second observation time, suggesting that they might act only at specific developmental stages.

A doubled haploid population (DH) consisting of 86 lines derived by anther culture of Peiai64s/E32, a two-line hybrid rice variety with high heterosis, was used to construct a microsatellite or SSLP linkage map of rice chromosomes. A total of 302 PCR primers for SSLP analysis on these chromosomes were chosen from a map published by Cornell University (designated CUMAP) and 127 (42.05%) of them were found polymorphic between the two parents. Those polymorphic PCR primers were used for population genotyping. The map (designated PEMAP) comprises 122 microsatellite maker loci,covering a total length of 1213.4 cM. The PEMAP is highly comparable with the CUMAP. Most of the markers were mapped onto the same chromosomes and aligned in the same order. Serious segregation distortion was observed in this DH population,with 34 (27.8%) markers showing significant deviation. It is noted that all markers on chromosomes 1,3,10 and 11 were biased to Peiai64s, while those on chromosomes 4,6,7,8 and 9 were opposite.