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Objective: To analyze the hepatic tissue inflammatory activity and influencing factors in HBeAg-positive patients during normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and indeterminate phases so as to provide a basis for evaluating the disease condition. Methods: Patients with HBeAg-positive with normal ALT and HBV DNA levels below 2 × 10(7) IU/ml from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects. A histopathologic liver test was performed on these patients. Age, gender, time of HBV infection, liver function, HBsAg level, HBV DNA load, genotype, portal vein inner diameter, splenic vein inner diameter, splenic thickness, and others of the patients were collected. Significant influencing factors of inflammation were analyzed in patients using logistic regression analysis, and its effectiveness was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Of the 178 cases, there were 0 cases of inflammation in G0, 52 cases in G1, 101 cases in G2, 24 cases in G3, and one case in G4. 126 cases (70.8%) had inflammatory activity ≥ G2. Infection time ( Z =-7.138, P <0.001), γ-glutamyltransferase ( t  =-2.940, P =0.004), aspartate aminotransferase ( t  =-2.749, P =0.007), ALT ( t  =-2.153, P =0.033), HBV DNA level ( t  =-4.771, P =0.010) and portal vein inner diameter ( t  =-4.771, P <0.001) between the ≥G2 group and < G2 group were statistically significantly different. A logistic regression analysis showed that significant inflammation in liver tissue was independently correlated with infection time [odds ratio (OR)=1.437, 95% confidence interval ( CI ): 1.267-1.630; P <0.001)] and portal vein inner diameter ( OR =2.738, 95% CI : 1.641, 4.570; P <0.001). The area under the curve (AUROC), specificity, and sensitivity for infection time and portal vein inner diameter were 0.84, 0.71, 0.87, 0.72, 0.40, and 0.95, respectively. Conclusion: A considerable proportion of HBeAg-positive patients have inflammation grade ≥G2 during normal ALT and indeterminate phases, pointing to the need for antiviral therapy. Additionally, inflammatory activity has a close association with the time of infection and portal vein inner diameter.

Hepatitis B virus core antibodies are specific antibodies produced after viral infection that appear early and last for a long time, and its levels in serum are measured by the double-antigen sandwich chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method, which has higher sensitivity and specificity, providing new clinical indicators for hepatitis B patients diagnosis, treatment, and drug withdrawal management. This article reviews the clinical significance and research progress of quantitative hepatitis B core antibody measurement and expounds on its research applications and prospects in clinical practice.

Objective: To study the effect of Porphyra yezoensis extract on liver inflammation and oxidative stress in type 1 diabetics mice., Methods: A total of ninety-one C57 BL/6 J male mice were adaptively fed for two weeks, and twelve C57 BL/6 J male mice were randomly reserved to be included in the blank control group. The rest of the mice were fasted overnight for twelve hours(except water), and they were given 170.00 mg/kg streptozotocin by intraperitoneal injection. Fasting blood glucose in type 1 diabetics mice were greater than or equal to 16.7 mmol/L after seven days, and polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and weight loss appeared, which were judged to be the successful model of type 1 diabetes. Forty-eight successfully modeled mice were divided into the model control group, the low dose of Porphyra yezoensis extract group, the medium dose of Porphyra yezoensis extract and high dose of Porphyra yezoensis extract group according to the fasting blood glucose and body weight. The mice in the blank control group and the model group were given the same amount of normal saline. The low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose intervention groups were separately given the corresponding dose of Porphyra yezoensis extract by intragastric administration for six weeks. The body weight of type 1 diabetic mice, changes in body length, fasting blood glucose, insulin, liver inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indicators and pathological sections of liver and pancreas after the intervention of Porphyra yezoensis extract were observed. The glucose oxidase method was used to determine the fasting blood glucose level of type 1 diabetic mice. The serum insulin content, liver inflammatory factor levels and oxidative stress indicators were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The hematoxylin-eosin staining method was used to observe histopathology of liver and pancreas paraffin sections., Results: The weight of the model control group was significantly lower than that of the blank control group(P&lt;0.05), and the fasting blood glucose value was significantly higher than that of the blank control group(P&lt;0.05). There was no statistical difference. In terms of inflammatory factors, compared with the model control group, low-dose Porphyra yezoensis extract can increase serum insulin levels and reduce liver tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels(P&lt;0.05) in T1DM mice, and medium-dose Porphyra yezoensis extract can reduce liver TNF-α level(P&lt;0.05), high-dose Porphyra yezoensis extract can reduce the level of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)(P&lt;0.05). The histopathological conditions of pancreas in different intervention groups were improved compared with the model control group, and the number of β cells increased compared with the model group. In terms of oxidative stress, compared with the model control group, low-dose Porphyra yezoensis extract can significantly reduce the levels of liver alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and malondialdehyde(MDA)(P&lt;0.05), and high-dose Porphyra yezoensis extract can significantly increase the levels of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and catalase(CAT)(P&lt;0.05)., Conclusion: The protective effect of Porphyra yezoensis extract on liver oxidative damage in T1DM mice may be achieved by regulating the activity of CAT and GSH-Px and reducing the content of MDA. In addition, Porphyra yezoensis extract can reduce liver TNF-α and IL-1β levels to improve liver inflammation.

Objective To analyze the relationships of serum ferritin (SF) level, degree of Liver inflammation and types in patients with liver disease. Methods Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin (ALB) (by automatic biochemical analyzer) and SF (by immune turbidimetry), serum iron (SI) (by complex legal) were detected and analyzed in 203 hospital patients of acute or chronic liver injury, whose SF were higher than normal. The correlations between SF, SI and indicators of liver inflammation were analyzed as well as the changes of SF and SI in patients with different liver cancer types and pathological degrees. Results Positively correlation was detected between the SF, SI and the ALT, AST (all P<0.01). SF was negatively correlated with ALB (P<0.01). The degree of elevated SF was the order of HEV infection , drug-induced hepatitis, HBV infection and HCV infection (χ2 =13.551, P<0.01) in different etiology, and meanwhile, ALT and AST followed the same order. The SI levels showed no statistical significance in different etiology (P>0.05). The levels of serum ferritin in acute hepatitis and liver failure patients were significantly higher than those in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. SI level was the lowest in hepatocellular carcinoma, and the difference in the remaining four groups performed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusions SF is positively correlated with indicators of liver inflammation (ALT, AST). In patients with hepatitis C and liver failure, SF can evaluate liver function more objectively and accurately than ALT and AST in clinical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Golgi protein 73 (GP73) is a transmembrane protein on the Golgi apparatus and can be cut and released into the blood. In recent years, an increasing number of clinical studies have shown that the elevated serum GP73 level is closely related to liver diseases. And thus GP73 is expected to be used as a new serum marker for assessing progress of chronic liver diseases. Herein, the clinical application of serum GP73 in chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma with different etiologies was reviewed based on available literatures; and a research outlook in this field is made.