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Objective To establish a human tonsil organoid model and investigate the immunological effects of this tonsil organoid infected by influenza virus. Methods Human tonsil tissue removed by adenoid hypertrophy surgery were subjected to gradient centrifugation, and then the obtain cells were cultured in vitro with using a 2.5D-Transwell chamber in combination with IL-2 and B cell activating factor (Baff) to construct a human tonsil organoid. Single cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to analyze the distribution of influenza virus receptors in different cell subsets of the tonsil organoid. Immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry were applied to detect the immunological effects of the tonsil organoid in 48 h after influenza virus infection. Results The tonsil organoids were established successfully using this 2.5D-Transwell culture technique. scRNA-seq analysis showed that the receptors for influenza virus were extensively distributed in nearly all of cell subsets of tonsil organoids. In 48 h after influenza virus infection, the tonsil organoids could generate a large amount of plasma cells and memory B cells to produce specific IgG antibodies. In addition, direct infection of the virus promoted the production of TNF-α and IL-2 from CD8+ T cells and the secretion of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2 by CD4+ T cells. Conclusion The tonsil organoids can be established successfully and reach maturity at about the 6th day after culture. The receptors for influenza virus are widely distributed in human tonsil organoids. Influenza virus directly infects human T cells, leading to T cell activation and cytokine releasing. Moreover, influenza virus infection also promotes B cells differentiate into plasma cells and induce the secretion of IgG as well as the formation of memory B cells.

Power system planning, load forecasting, and energy utilization analysis are significantly impacted by power load anomalies, necessitating prompt detection and identification. Firstly, the abnormal classification, causes, and characteristics of power load data are analyzed. Secondly, it enhances the traditional Transformer encoder structure by replacing the mask multi-header attention layer with the multi-header attention layer and eliminating the feedforward network. These improvements aim to enhance the model's global attention to the load sequence. To capture trend characteristics more effectively and expedite convergence, an improved generative adversarial networks (GAN)-Transformer model is proposed based on the generator and discriminator game structure of traditional GAN. Additionally, a multi-stage mapping and training approach along with an integrated focus score scoring mechanism are introduced. These techniques facilitate phased load sequence reconstruction, enabling the model to better extract anomalous features of the load data. Finally, through an analysis of an arithmetic example, the results demonstrate that the GAN-Transformer model outperforms in terms of load data anomaly detection accuracy, recall, F1 value, and training time. These results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for advancements in power load data anomaly classification and data repair based on deep learning.

In order to improve the rolling bearing fault diagnosis accuracy,this paper presents a fault diagnosis method based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition（ EEMD） and Convolution Neural Networks（ CNN）. At first,using the EEMD decompose the signal. After that,choose appropriate IMFs according to the correlation coefficent and kurtosis calculating results to reconstruct the signal. After calculating a series of indexes of reconstructed signals,using CNN and various methods to diagnose faults. The results shows that the method used in this paper can effectively carry out fault diagnosis. The accuracy can reach 96. 7%. It has certain application significance to fault diagnosis.

To meet the requirement of practical teaching of electromechanics course, a model inverter for the school laboratory is designed, which converts the power supply into another arbitrary frequency electric energy to drive the three-phase asynchronous motor to rotate. The motor control system can control the soft start of the motor. Variable voltage and variable frequency speed regulation can be carried out through voltage-frequency conversion circuit and pulse width modulation(PWM) circuit; taking IR2104 as core, the motor drive system uses high-power field effect transistor to convert the weak electric signal which controls the motor into the high-voltage energy which drives motor; motor protection system can detect overcurrent, short circuit, phase gap and overheat, and cut off power supply when necessary to provide protection. The function test and application validation show that the system meets the expected requirements and can be applied to relevant teaching experiments.

Background and purpose: The expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in lung cancer not only is the most important biomarker for predicting the efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors, but also may affect the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) targeted therapy. However, there are currently few reports in the relevant literature on whether the expression of PD-L1 in lung cancer can affect the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. This study mainly explored the effect of PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma on the efficacy of pemetrexed-based chemotherapy and its underlying mechanism. Methods: From Oct. 2015 to Dec. 2018, 185 eligible lung adenocarcinoma patients treated in Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA were enrolled. The expressions of PD-L1 and thymidylate synthase (TS), a molecule predicting the efficacy of pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, were detected by immunohistochemistry. The survival curve of patients was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test and COX regression model were used to analyze the clinicopathological factors affecting the patients’ progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The log-rank test was used to analyze the effects of PD-L1 and TS expressions on the patients’ PFS and OS. Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between PD-L1 expression and TS expression in lung cancer tissues. Western blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of PD-L1 and TS in 6 types of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. The Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between PD-L1 and TS at protein expression level and mRNA expression level. Results: Among 51 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received pemetrexed-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment, the objective response rate (ORR) of the PD-L1 positive group was 20.0%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 60.0%. There was no significant difference compared with the PD-L1 negative group (ORR: 20.0% vs 35.5%, χ 2 =1.404, P=0.236; DCR: 60.0% vs 80.6%, χ 2 =2.602, P=0.107). The median PFS (mPFS) of patients with negative expression of PD-L1 was significantly better than that of patients with positive expression of PD-L1 (mPFS: 5.6 months vs 4.1 months, log-rank=5.406, P=0.020), and there was no significant difference in median OS (mOS) between them (mOS: 15.9 months vs 12.7 months, log-rank=0.525, P=0.469). Univariate analysis found that the positive expressions of PD-L1 and TS were risk factors for PFS ［PD-L1 negative vs positive: HR=2.002 (1.100-3.645), P=0.023; TS negative vs positive: HR=2.205 (1.367-4.587), P=0.003］. Multivariate analysis found that TS positive expression was an independent risk factor for PFS ［TS negative vs positive: HR=3.245 (1.091-9.652), P=0.034］. Among the 51 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received pemetrexed-based chemotherapy as the first-line treatment, the expression of PD-L1 in cancer tissues was significantly positively correlated with the expression of TS (r s =0.691, P

In order to explore the effect of plasma electric field assisted freezing on the quality and freezing process of mutton, the longissimus dorsi muscles of sheep was selected as the experimental material, the effect of the auxiliary plasma electric field of different field strength (1, 3 kV/m and 5 kV/m) on the freezing velocity of mutton and the distribution of ice crystal and the diameter and roundness of ice crystal in the frozen meat were studied, and the thermodynamic theory was used to analyze it. The results showed that the meat samples in the auxiliary 5 kV/m plasma field environment had the shortest time to pass the maximum ice crystal generation zone at -20 °C and -35 °C, 70 min and 40 min, respectively, with significant differences compared with the control group (P <0.05); the tissue sections showed the smallest ice crystal area and grain size formed at -35 °C assisted 5 kV/m plasma field freezing, and -20 °C assisted the roundness of ice crystals was the highest in 5 kV/m plasma field freezing, with a mean value of 0.88, and the above indexes were significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05). The entropy of the system was analyzed using Boltzmann's formula, and the results showed that the entropy of the meat samples frozen by the assisted 5 kV/m plasma electric field was the smallest at -20°C and -35 °C, with significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.05). It proved that the auxiliary 5 kV/m plasma electric field could significantly improve the system frozen meat moisture vitrification degree, could make the crystallization process more controllable, the electric field assisted freezing required less energy to improve the subcooling degree, accelerate the freezing rate of meat samples, and the larger the field strength the more significant the effect. Based on the experimental results and energy-saving requirements, it was considered that -20 °C assisted 5 kV/m voltage freezing can be used as a new freezing method in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron backscattered diffraction and three-dimensional atom probe techniques were employed to investigate the morphology, distributions of alloy elements and orientation of blocky α phase in β forging TC17 titanium alloy. The results show that the blocky α phases are distributed nearby the grain boundary, inside the prior β grains and recrystallized grains, while abnormal microstructure such as long and coarse α lamellar can also be observed inside the grains. There is no significant difference in the distribution of main elements between all kinds of abnormal α and β matrix phase. Therefore, the segregation of alloy composition does not cause the blocky α phase. The acicular α phase is randomly distributed in the grain and is acicular or cotton-blocky under the microscope. In addition, the orientation of α phase is also a main factor determining lamellar morphology. Coarse lamellar and agglomerate blocky α phase can be observed inside the fine recrystallized grains and slightly deformed grains. The fine recrystallized grains represent the undeformed or slightly deformed grains, which grain boundary α and α platelets inside the grain are basically single in orientation. Therefore, the α phase with the same orientation is easy to agglomerate under slow cooling. In addition to the dispersed cotton-blocky α phase, it also appears as blocky α phase which run through the entire grain or agglomerate near the grain boundary.

Continuous SiC fiber reinforced titanium matrix composite（SiCf/Ti composite）has good specific strength and comprehensive mechanical properties, it is a lightweight high temperature structural material that attracts much attention in the new generation of equipment development. SiCf/Ti composites can be prepared by the methods of foil fiber foil（FFF）and matrix coating fiber（MCF）. In order to compare the effects of the two methods on the growth of interfacial reaction, SiCf/TC17 composites were prepared by FFF and MCF respectively. By study the interfacial reaction layer thickness of composites prepared by the two processes after thermal exposure at the temperature from 800℃ to 900 ℃, the microstructure and the thickness of interfacial layer were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, further the interfacial reaction rate at high temperature was obtained, and the interfacial reaction kinetic parameters of different materials were attained. The results showed that the interfacial reaction rate of SiCf/TC17 composite prepared by MCF method was higher than that of the composites prepared by FFF method at the same temperature. The interfacial reaction rate factor k0 is 4.942×10−3 m/s1/2 and 8.149×10−3 m/s1/2 for the composites prepared by MCF and FFF method, respectively. Additionally, the reaction activation energy Q is 276.3 kJ/mol and 291.7 kJ/mol for those, respectively. This is because the titanium alloy matrix prepared by MCF method has smaller phase structure and higher element diffusion rate at high temperature. Therefore, the composite prepared by MCF has lower reaction activation energy at high temperature.

Intelligent garment is an important part of future intelligent wearable products, and has unlimited development potential and application prospects. Expounding the key factors of intelligent garment realization from the aspects of classification, function, technology and so on, the author compared and analyzed the research progress of intelligent garment at home and abroad and the future development direction of intelligent garment. The results show that on the basis of meeting the functional requirements of garment and wearing safety, intelligent garment design should seize the opportunity to conduct research and development in the direction of enhancing the awareness of environmental protection and improving functional differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the seismic damage characteristics and seismic performance of buildings with bottom frame seismic wall, the seismic damage characteristics analysis and nonlinear model regression are carried out for 2 178 Dujiangyan buildings after the Wenchuan earthquake by using the macro seismic damage assessment and numerical analysis. The results show that the vulnerable parts of the bottom frame seismic wall buildings are the bottom frame and floor, the transition layer, the bottom node and the anti-seismic wall. The nonlinear function and curve model of this kind of structure under different intensity levels are established. The model can provide reference for seismic design of structures and revision of seismic intensity standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined with solar low-temperature heat collecting and heat storage, based on the selected hydrocarbon phase-change slurry, the suitable nano-particles (TiO2) and dispersants (SDBS) were selected by thermal property and stability test, and the effect of particle size and dispersant mass fraction on the thermal properties and stability of phase change slurry was analyzed. The results show that the larger the mass fraction of nanoparticles, the larger the particle size and the worse the thermal properties and dynamic stability of phase change slurry. And the mass fraction of dispersant had little effect on the dynamic stability of phase change slurry. 20 nm TiO2 nanoparticles with a mass fraction of 0.1% and SDBS dispersant with a mass fraction of 0.1% were added to the hydrocarbon phase change slurry, respectively, which had the best thermal properties and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of stress-dominated precise outburst prevention and control technology was researched with the engineering background of 11501 working face of 11-2 coal seam in Zhujixi Coal Mine, a kilometer deep mine. Gas mechanics parameters of coal seam and its roof thick and hard rock are tested, the risk of coal seam outburst and the impact tendency of coal seam are evaluated, the attributes of mining dynamic disasters in 11501 working face were analyzed, the method of dynamic hazard zoning was studied and regional prediction was made, the regional pressure relief measures of large diameter borehole, roof deep hole pre-splitting blasting, water injection in coal seam and outburst prevention measures in pre-drainage area along borehole were formulated, gas emission control technology of mining adjacent strata in working face was matched. The effects of dynamic hazard prevention and control and gas control were investigated. The results show that: the maximum predicted cuttings amount was 3.9 kg/m, the maximum residual gas content was 5.14 m3/t and the gas concentration of return air flow was below 0.45% during mining period with no accidents of exceeding forecast indexes and gas limit occurred, accurate prevention and control of stress-dominated outburst dynamic disaster zoning and grading has been realized.

To study the dynamic load sharing characteristics of two- stage planetary gear train,a translation- torsion coupling dynamics model is established by taking the nonlinear factors like time- varying mesh stiffness,position error,eccentric error,gear backlash and coupling stiffness into account,and the dimensionless dynamics differential equations for the system are derived and solved by numerical method. The effects of floating components,planetary gear error and coupling stiffness on the load sharing characteristics are analyzed.The research work has guiding significance for the design of multi- stage planetary gear train,and the reference basis for the research of dynamics analysis and dynamic load sharing characteristic of two- stage planetary gear is provided.

This study aimed to assess the effect of soy lecithin (Soy L, 0.2%–1.0%), glucose oxidase (GOX, 0.3–1.5 U/g), and transglutaminase (TG, 0.3–1.5 U/g) on dough elongation properties and texture qualities of steamed bread. The optimum formulation of steamed bread prepared from wheat flour (50%) and potato pulp (50%) was investigated. Results showed that Soy L and GOX significantly (P < 0.05) affected the specific volume and hardness of steamed bread, whereas TG significantly (P < 0.05) affected the resistance to extension and extensibility of dough, as well as the springiness and cohesiveness of steamed bread. The optimum formulation consisting of 0.65% Soy L, 0.92 U/g GOX, and 0.96 U/g TG increased the viscoelasticity and fermentation characteristics of dough and improved the specific volume, texture, and porosity of steamed bread enriched with potato pulp.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refers to acute diffuse lung injury caused by a variety of intrapulmonary and/or extrapulmonary factors such as infection and trauma. Uncontrolled inflammatory response is the main pathological feature. Different functional states of alveolar macrophages have different effects on inflammatory response. Transcription activating factor 3 (ATF3) is a fast response gene in the early stage of stress. In recent years, it has been found that ATF3 plays an important role in regulating the inflammatory response of ARDS by regulating the function of macrophages. This paper reviews the regulatory effects of ATF3 on alveolar macrophage polarization, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its effects on the inflammatory process of ARDS, aiming to provide a new research direction for the prevention and treatment of ARDS.