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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering the differences in natural resource endowments and human activity levels across regions, optimizing the ecological network became an effective approach to mitigating landscape fragmentation, enhancing connectivity, and ensuring the realization of sustainable development goals. By enhancing the connectivity between fragmented landscapes, the optimized ecological network helped maintain ecological processes and services that are essential for both environmental health and human well-being. Taking the Weihe River Basin as the study area, firstly, the ecosystem service supply and demand ratio (ESDR) for five ecosystem services in 2000, 2010 and 2020 were quantitatively measured by using the InVEST model and the ecological process equation method. Secondly, the theory of landscape ecology and complex network were introduced to construct and analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of the ecological network and its topological structure characteristics, mainly using morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), connectivity analysis, circuit theory model, connectivity robustness formula and other methods. Then, the ecological network was optimized by ranking and screening the ecological pinch points and barriers in the ecological corridor based on the correlation between the ESDR and the topological comprehensive importance of the nodes at the ecological patches. Finally, the ecological network optimization effect was evaluated by connectivity robustness The results show that: 1) Compared with 2000, the average ESDR of food production, soil conservation, and water yield in 2020 increased by 70%, 7%, and 215%, respectively, while carbon storage and habitat quality decreased by 97% and 1%, respectively, which indicated that the supply increased or demand decreased most significantly for water yield services. 2) The number of ecological patches and the ratio of ecological patches to the total area were 125 and 36%, respectively. The ecological resistance exhibited the spatial characteristics of “low in the south and high in the north”, with resistance in the north showing a decreasing trend. There were approximately 280 ecological corridors with an average length of 15 km. The ecological quality of the basin improved, but the number of elements of the ecological network changed little. 3) The average values of structural connectivity robustness of the ecological network in the three years of research were 0.160, 0.168, and 0.150, indicating that the ecological network in 2010 had better stability. The topological comprehensive importance of ecological patches was positively correlated with the ESDR of each type of service, with the highest correlation being with the ESDR of carbon storage at 0.51. 4) Compared with 2020, the optimized ecological network had higher connectivity robustness in the face of deliberate attacks, with an average value of 0.194. Additionally, it showed a more significant “emergence” phenomenon within a certain range of attacking nodes, which means that the optimized network had stronger resilience and buffering capacity. By delivering detailed insights into the spatial and temporal patterns of the ecological network, the study facilitated more informed decision-making and strategic planning. The results of the study provided a scientific foundation for optimizing the ecological network structure and improving the anti-disturbance ability of the ecosystem in the WRB. They also provided effective support for the ecological spatial planning of the basin [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the important supporting systems for urban sustainable development, green infrastructure has become a hot topic and front edge of landscape ecology, environmental management and other disciplines. This paper uses CiteSpace software to analyze green infrastructure literature. This research sorts out 1362 articles from the Web of Science and 547 articles from the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database, examining aspects of research foundation and characteristics, research directions and hotspot, main research contents and evolution trend. Results showed that: (1) The number of publications on green infrastructure both at home and abroad is on the rise, and the foreign research system is relatively complete. (2) Research on green infrastructure is evolving towards a "pattern-process-service-optimization" direction, with the core issue of improving the level of regional or urban sustainable development. (3) Research efforts are mainly distributed in Europe, North America, Australia and East Asia. Foreign studies pay more attention to ecosystem services, while domestic studies focus on its practice research. (4) Future research will likely prioritize multi-scale synthesis, ecological security pattern construction and spatial pattern optimization of urban green infrastructure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Wildland Fire Science is the property of Journal of Wildland Fire Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wetlands are important national resources and extremely valuable natural resources with multiple ecosystem service functions. Due to the tension between human population and land space on the rise, the landscape ecological risk of wetlands has increased. Thereby, it is critical to construct a technical path of-risk assessment-problem identificationrestoration strategy-to the protection and restoration of urban wetlands. In this paper, with the urban territory and wetland space of Foshan City as an object of case study, the scope of wetland restoration and ecological resistance factors were determined by evaluating wetland landscape ecological risk index and habitat quality on the basis of urban landscape ecology risk and habitat quality assessment; hence, the protection and restoration pattern of wetland landscape ecological network was set up through the identification of ecological source sites and ecological corridors by classification and zoning; and finally, the sensitive wetlands were extracted according to the wetland ecological barrier points, and practical wetland protection and restoration strategies for Foshan City were proposed with specific site analysis and focus on the balance between protection and development. In short, the strategies for the construction of wetland landscape ecological networks to upgrading the wetland landscape ecological functions from regional risk assessment to restoration area identification could provide an applicable technical path for ecological restoration of land territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River basin is suffering severe degradation as an ecological barrier at present. Analyzing its landscape pattern and ecological risk is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of this reach. Based on the land use data of 1980, 2000, and 2020 of the study area, this study analyzed the spatial distribution and spatio - temporal evolution of the ecological risks by calculating the regional landscape pattern index and the ecological risk index. The results show that: (1) During 1980-2020, the land in the study area was dominated by grassland, which accounted for more than 50%. In this period, the areas of cultivated land, grassland, water areas, and unused land decreased by 578 km², 1 911 km², 383 km², and 255 km², respectively. By contrast, the areas of forest land and construction land increased by 1 055 km and 2 072 km, respectively. In terms of land use types, the land in the study area mainly shifted from grassland, cultivated land, and water areas to construction land and forest land. The comprehensive land use intensity during 2000-2020 was 0.85 percentage points higher than that during 1980-2000; (2) During 1980-2020, the patch number of all types of land decreased except for water areas and unused land; the degree of landscape fragmentation of all types of land increased except for construction land; the degree of landscape disturbance of all types of land decreased except for forest land; the degree of landscape loss of all types of land did not change significantly except for construction land, for which the degree of landscape loss decreased significantly; (3) The ecological risk value of the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River basin showed a downward trend during 1980-2020. Areas with fairly low and low ecological risks increased by 9 000 km² in total and were primarily concentrated in the northern and central areas in this period. In contrast, areas with high and fairly high ecological risks decreased by 1 350 km² in total and were scattered on the eastern and northern edges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geography & Geographic Information Science is the property of Geography & Geo-Information Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impact of landscape pattern changes on thermal environment of Nanchang is examined from 1989 to 2017. The impact of landscape pattern on surface temperature is obvious during urban development. Based on Landsat images from Nanchang,land surface temperature inversion and surface coverage information extraction were performed. Uniform tiles and single-factor regression analysis method were used to analyze the spatial evolution characteristic of urban thermal environment and its influencing factors. It is found that the impervious area increased 195. 57 km2 ,and the urban heat island area expanded 217. 74 km² from 1989 to 2017. In 2017,the urban heat island area reached 432. 76 km² . The landscape type in the thermal environment area is mainly the impervious surface,with the temperature increase 0. 62 ℃ for every 10% in the proportion. If the proportion of green space and water landscape increased 10%,the temperature will decrease 0. 79 ℃ . The more concentrated the pattern distribution of the impervious surface is,the more compact the patch is and the greater the density is, resulting in the land surface temperature rise and further heat island effect. Green space of water landscape is opposite. Landscape pattern is the decisive factor affecting urban heat effect. In the process of urbanization,rational planning of urban landscape pattern will effectively reduce urban thermal environment phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Unlike previous ecological restoration programs, the main focus of ecological restoration of national land space has changed from a single element in the natural ecology to the whole social-ecological system. The approach of this ecological restoration has changed from applying the pipe-end treatment to a single process to employing system restoration of the community of life consisting of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and seas. Additionally, the aim has evolved from improving the health and stability of the ecological system to building a complex system in which humans and nature can coexist and develop a harmonious relationship. As the research on ecological restoration of national land space is developing a systemic and comprehensive view, it urgently requires support from multidisciplinary theories and methodologies. Ecological restoration planning of national land space at the provincial level is an action guide and programmatic document for provinces to further promote the construction of ecological civilization in this new era. This is a new but arduous and complex strategic task that allows extensive discussion on its research theories and methods. Accordingly, multidisciplinary theories and methods and participation from different parties and places are required. This study begins with the analysis of the scientific connotation and theoretical basis of ecological restoration planning of national land space, uses the man-land relationship theoretical framework as the guidance, integrates landscape ecology and nature-based solutions, and considers the local practice of ecological restoration planning of national land space in Guangdong Province. This paper presents the ideas and methods of provincial-level ecological restoration planning of national land space by focusing on the key points and difficulties, such as targets, indicators, major patterns, regional layout, and engineering systems. This is summarized as follows: the overall thinking of "six steps," the target system of "four dimensions," the zoning task of "three spaces," the spatial layout of "three levels," and the engineering system of "three scales." The study enriches the research on the method of ecological restoration planning of national land space by refining thoughts and methods and providing a reference for the ongoing ecological restoration planning of provincial-level national land space in China.

The evaluation of rural river ecological condition is the basis of rural river ecological management. According to the characteristics of rural rivers, the evaluation index system of rural river ecological conditions is constructed from six aspects : river function, river form, river environment, river ecology and landscape, river management and comprehensive evaluation. The integrated order relationship analysis- entropy weight method obtains the combined weight of each index. An established fuzzy matter-element evaluation model is used to comprehensively evaluate the ecological status of rural rivers in Jiangsu Province. The results show that the ecological conditions of rural rivers in Ji- angsu Province are generally good, but some rural rivers still have poor ecological conditions, and there are regional differences in the ecological conditions of rural rivers in Jiangsu Province. The evaluation results are basically consistent with the actual situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science & Technology Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Land suitability for rural settlements can greatly contribute to revealing the matching between human activities and the ecological environment, as well as social economy. Taking Li County in the uppers reaches of the Minjiang River as the study area; a systematic evaluation of land suitability was conducted using rural geography, landscape ecology, and niche model. A GIS spatial analysis was also performed on the landscape pattern using remote sensing images, socioeconomic statistics, and land use multi-source data, particularly considering the geographical scale of rural settlements and the degree of suitability between humans and natural environmental conditions. Firstly, the optimal scale was identified for land suitability of rural settlements in the study area. Secondly, the representative indicators were selected to construct an evaluation index system, according to the status quo of the region. Finally, a niche suitability model was used to evaluate the land suitability for the rural settlements. The results were as following: 1) The optimal scale was supposed to be 60 m in the study area, where the suitable scale ranging from 50-60 m in the first scale domain of landscape indices. The changes of landscape indexes were also obtained in the 8 rural settlements response to 20 rural settlement scales. 2) Each evaluation index was quantified to obtain the current restrictive conditions at the optimal scale of 60 m, such as forbidden construction area, water source protection area, and nature reserve. GIS spatial overlay function was also utilized to evaluate the land suitability of rural settlements. The suitable land area for rural settlement only accounted for 4.58% of the whole area. Specifically, the area of low suitable zone accounted for 0.52%, whereas, the moderate and highly suitable areas accounted for 4.06%, mainly distributing in the eastern and northeastern towns and the lower reaches of the Zagunao River Basin, along the National Highway 317. 3. The low unsuitable area was 4 116.03 km2 harsh for sustainable survival and development, mainly located in the water source and ecological protection areas prone to geological disasters. The moderately suitable areas presented outstanding characteristic industries and great potential to develop modern agriculture, in terms of natural resources and local conditions. The highly suitable areas behaved obvious advantages in terms of location, economy, natural and cultural resource conditions, indicating a relatively complete rural function and high level of economic development. It was supposed to be the main gathering area of rural population and industries. The moderate and highly suitable areas gained relatively distinct potentials for economic and social development. Therefore, the main space for rural revitalization can be concentrated on the moderate and highly suitable areas of rural settlement in the future. Additionally, it should be properly considered to explore the impact of industrial and commercial enterprises, public service facilities, and other land-use types on the land suitability of rural settlement against the requirements of rural revitalization strategy. This finding can provide a sound scientific basis to reconstruct the rural settlements for the optimization of territory space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike previous ecological restoration programs, the main focus of ecological restoration of national land space has changed from a single element in the natural ecology to the whole social-ecological system. The approach of this ecological restoration has changed from applying the pipe-end treatment to a single process to employing system restoration of the community of life consisting of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and seas. Additionally, the aim has evolved from improving the health and stability of the ecological system to building a complex system in which humans and nature can coexist and develop a harmonious relationship. As the research on ecological restoration of national land space is developing a systemic and comprehensive view, it urgently requires support from multidisciplinary theories and methodologies. Ecological restoration planning of national land space at the provincial level is an action guide and programmatic document for provinces to further promote the construction of ecological civilization in this new era. This is a new but arduous and complex strategic task that allows extensive discussion on its research theories and methods. Accordingly, multidisciplinary theories and methods and participation from different parties and places are required. This study begins with the analysis of the scientific connotation and theoretical basis of ecological restoration planning of national land space, uses the man-land relationship theoretical framework as the guidance, integrates landscape ecology and nature-based solutions, and considers the local practice of ecological restoration planning of national land space in Guangdong Province. This paper presents the ideas and methods of provincial-level ecological restoration planning of national land space by focusing on the key points and difficulties, such as targets, indicators, major patterns, regional layout, and engineering systems. This is summarized as follows: the overall thinking of "six steps," the target system of "four dimensions," the zoning task of "three spaces," the spatial layout of "three levels," and the engineering system of "three scales." The study enriches the research on the method of ecological restoration planning of national land space by refining thoughts and methods and providing a reference for the ongoing ecological restoration planning of provincial-level national land space in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The land consolidation project is one of the most important approaches to ensure national food and ecological security. An academic journal “Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering” launched a column of “Land Consolidation Project” in 2002, in order to promote the research of land consolidation project. This column was renamed the “Land Resource Guarantee and National Land Ecological Security” from the 9th issue of May 2020, with the continuous expansion of research fields in the modern land consolidation project. In this study, the bibliometrics was utilized to statistically analyze the papers published in the “Land Consolidation Project” column of “Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering” from 2002 to 2020. Great research progress was highlighted in the different research directions, and then the future focus was proposed in the field of land resource and national ecological security, with emphasis on China's strategy of food and ecological security. The results showed that the research directions of land consolidation project mainly included land use, land evaluation, agricultural land consolidation, cultivated land quality and safety, 3S and land information technology, industrial and mining wasteland reclamation, rural residential area consolidation, land ecology, land restoration, basic farmland construction and protection, land saving, rural spatial pattern and development, cultivated land development, as well as urban land consolidation. Furthermore, land evaluation, agricultural land consolidation, and cultivated land quality and safety had become hot topics, where the publications accounted for 10.52%, 10.16%, and 8.51%, respectively. 5-keyword clustering was formed, such as the land evaluation, agricultural land consolidation, cultivated land quality and safety, 3S and land information technology, as well as industrial and mining wasteland reclamation. Additionally, 10 groups of cooperation networks were formed in the leading research fields using the cooperation network of research authors generated by VOSviewer. More importantly, the published papers in the “Land Consolidation Project Column” had covered all directions of the land consolidation project. Ecological land consolidation and land-use security pattern were established in recent years, where the ecological effect of land consolidation was analyzed using the theory of landscape ecology. Moreover, many efforts have been made on the ecological design and restoration technology of single land consolidation project, together with the pattern evolution and layout optimization of rural residential areas. In the future, much more attention can be paid to the land resource security and national land ecological security, particularly to the theories and mechanisms in the “systematization, ecologicalization, informationization and intelligence” for the protection and restoration of the regional ecosystem, to realize “overall protection, unified restoration and comprehensive management” of “mountain-water-forest-field-lake-grass”. Consequently, the ecological security pattern of national land can be built, once the research on the intelligent management of one map of natural resources was implemented using the state-of-the-art big data in intelligent agriculture [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mountain Research (10082786) is the property of Mountain Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the carrier and theoretical base of life community consisting of mountain-water-forest-field-lake-grass, watershed and watershed ecology are playing increasingly important roles in the construction of national ecological civilization. The structure-process-function-mechanism-regulation of watershed ecosystem and progressively variable emphasis on these contents is the research paradigm of watershed ecology, and the quantification of spatial structure and the construction of corresponding index systems are key to carry out quantitative research in watershed ecology. However, watershed ecology has not established its own endogenous model framework of index systems to describe the spatial structure of watershed ecosystem, which is able to make a close link between the structural components of watershed ecosystem, between land and water body, between upstream and downstream, or between terrestrial and aquatic organisms. The researches in watershed ecology are scattered in freshwater ecology, terrestrial ecosystem ecology, soil and water conservation, water conservancy engineering, agricultural environmental science, etc. The core theory of watershed ecology has not been significantly developed till now. Therefore, the bottleneck in the development of watershed ecology and the research methods and achievements of the quantitative characteristics of spatial structure describing watershed ecosystem were analyzed based on geography and landscape ecology. The progress on the quantitative characteristics of spatial structure describing watershed ecosystem developed with hierarchical mechanism theory and meta-ecosystem theory was also discussed. In order to provide methodology to quantify the spatial structure of watershed ecosystem and relationships between structural components in watershed ecosystem, the overall index and indices of structural components and structural component relationships of watershed ecosystem were suggested. The index systems will be of great scientific value for coupling quantitative research, estimation and application of watershed ecology on life community consisting of mountain-water-forest-field-lake-grass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research is the property of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Clarifying diffusion path of sand source has practical significance for desertification prevention. Based on "source-sink" theory in landscape ecology, taking Hotan area in Xinjiang as the research area, the sand source area was extracted and the ecological resistance surface of sand source diffusion was constructed through urban expansion ecological resistance (UEER) model. Meanwhile, 128 potential diffusion paths of sand source in Hotan area were extracted, and 71 important diffusion paths of sand source were selected by gravity model. In addition, 48 diffusion nodes of sand source were identified, including 31 class 1 and 17 class II diffusion nodes. The results show that the high diffusion risk area of sand source is 11 267. 8 km², accounting for 5. 54% of the total area in Hotan area of Xinjiang, and it mainly distributes in central Hotan county, northern Moyu county, central and southern Minfeng county; the first-level sand source area is 8 290. 18 km², the second-level sand source area is 1 955. 76 km², and the third-level sand source area is 1 021. 93 km²; the areas with higher diffusion path density of sand source are concentrated in the northwest part of Hotan area, where sand source diffusion is the strongest, and sand source diffusion is concentrated in the southeast part, while diffusion path of sand source is few in central part, and the diffusion effect of sand source is the weakest; class 1 diffusion nodes of sand source are located in the crisscross area of oasis and desert, which is the key node of sand control and prevention. The above results could provide a suggestion for decision-making in desertification prevention and control in Hotan area. At the same time, as an exploration of the "source-sink" theory applied to diffusion path of sand source, it could provide a reference for the relevant research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial pattern characteristics of different soil types and regularity of soil type distribution are of great significance for the sustainable use of regional soil resources. Based on geomorphological factors, the typical transects in Hebei Province was divided into four ecological regions. The spatial distribution of soil types over these four ecological regions was analyzed quantitatively using a geographic information system（GIS）and by applying the principles of landscape ecology. The dissociation index of soil types in the four ecological regions were within a range 0~5, indicating clustered distribution. The soil types of the central plain area showed a high degree of landscape isolation, whereas soils of the littoral plain area showed a low degree of landscape isolation. Soil type in the Taihang Mountain area and in the piedmont plain area were more complex, soil type diversity in the littoral plains area was less complex, and soil type complexity was the lowest in the central plains area. Soil type richness in the Taihang Mountain area was the highest, indicating high heterogeneity within this area. The spatial pattern of soil types in the littoral plain area showed a low degree of fragmentation. The spatial soil pattern in the central plain area was dominated by several soil types covering extensive areas, whereas the piedmont plain area was dominated by multiple soil types. This study provides a useful reference for the sustainable use and protection of soil resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex ecological environment has posed increasing challenges to protect the ecosystem in recent years. In China, an environmental strategy has been initiated, called “ecological protection red lines”, to balance economic growth and environmental protection. An important part is to construct an ecological security pattern suitable for different regional conditions during territorial spatial planning and ecological civilization construction. This paper aims to promote the scientific implementation project of the ecological security pattern, and the overall improvement of the ecological environment quality. Taking Qinglong County as the study area, an ecological security pattern was established based on the survey data of land-use change in 2009 and 2016, remote sensing images and multi-year meteorological data. Three important functions were selected, including water resources conservation, soil conservation and biodiversity protection in the study area. In order to evaluate the importance of ecosystem service functions, the comprehensive index evaluation method was used to analyze the ecological sensitivity. Therefore, the ecological protection red line was delineated based on two evaluation results of ecosystem service function and ecological sensitivity. The ecological sources were identified during Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity assessment, while the ecological corridors were produced based on the Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model and minimum cost path method. An image recognition method was used to identify ecological nodes and break points in landscape ecology for the conditions of the study areas. Consequently, the ecological network was established by using ecological sources, ecological corridors, ecological nodes, and ecological break points. After superimposing the ecological protection red line and network, the protection elements of ecological security were extracted to describe the target areas, and thereby to formulate protection measures. A complete ecological security pattern was finally constructed for the research area. The results showed that the total area of the ecological protection red line was 443.94 km², accounting for 12.7% of the county area. This pattern mainly distributed in the state-owned forest farm areas in the southeast and northwest, and along the river system strip in the central area. The ecological network consisted of 11 ecological sources, 18 ecological corridors, 22 ecological nodes, and 34 ecological break points. The ecological sources were mainly distributed in the east and northwest border areas of the county, and parts of the central regions. The total length of the 18 ecological corridors was 334.22 km. The ecological security pattern of the study area included the protection elements of ecological security, target areas for security protection, and protection measures of ecological security. The protection elements of ecological security were related to the ecological protection red line, ecological sources, ecological corridors, stepping stone plaques, and ecological fracture points. The target areas of ecological security protection consisted of red line protection areas, biological migration rest areas, and biological migration channel areas. The protection measures of ecological security were specifically made for the typical target areas of ecological security protection. The research results can provide technical support and scientific basis for the formulation of territorial spatial planning and the construction, thereby to realize ecological restoration and protection at county level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core of ecological restoration of territorial space is the holistic protection and systematic governance in the new period. It emphasizes the synergies between ecological conservation and socio-economic development. Landscape ecology focuses on the dynamics of landscape structure and function, and the interactive mechanism between them and human society from a comprehensive perspective, especially paying attention to processes coupling and spatial integration. The approach of "coupling patterns and processes-spatial and temporal scale-ecosystem services-landscape sustainability" in landscape ecology can provide significant disciplinary support for ecological restoration of territorial space. In the practice of ecological restoration of territorial space, pattern-process coupling theory should be employed to identify degraded or damaged life community of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands. Ecosystem services tradeoffs of multifunctional landscape for balancing social, economic and ecological demands are used to determine ecological restoration targets. For systematic restoration, the ecological security pattern is an effective way to optimize a multilevel restoration network, and the multi- scale cascade framework for human well- being safeguard can be built based on landscape sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a global issue, ecological restoration demands for urgent practice and research in the way of Ecological Civilization construction and green development in China. In a narrow sense, ecological restoration mainly refers to ecological engineering and environmental protection measures. In the face of increasingly complex, systematic and regional ecological problems, it has become a consensus to implement multi-scale, multi-path and multi-element systematic ecological restoration. Aiming at the area along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu province, which is the most contradictory area between ecological protection and economic development, this paper used the methods of qualitative and quantitative to identify ecological problems, and used the relevant theories and methods of land use science, landscape ecology and human- land system to construct the evaluation system of ecological restoration potential from the perspective of "element-landscape-system". Based on Getis-Ord Gi * hot spot analysis and K-means cluster methods, this paper identified ecological restoration zones and hot spots, so as to build an ecological restoration pattern structure composed of points, lines (belts) and areas, and put forward corresponding countermeasures. The results show that: (1) Ecological restoration has multi- scale character, complex- objects character and multi- approaches character. Different scales of ecological restoration have different objects, approaches and objectives, which are connected by different levels and types of planning; (2) The average value of ecological restoration potential at the factor level of the study area is 0.460, and the spatial distribution is characterized by "large scale dispersion and small scale agglomeration". The hot spots of ecological restoration potential at the landscape level are distributed around the Yangtze River Estuary, and the cold spots are distributed in the Yang-Tai plain. According to the evaluation indexes of social economy, ecological function and planning response, the study area can be divided into five clusters; (3) According to the evaluation results, the ecological restoration structure of "five areas, three belts and two cores" can be constructed, and the countermeasures can be put forward in the aspects of development orientation, spatial control strategy, restoration object, engineering measures and so on. This study can provide reference for the compilation of ecological restoration planning of the area along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu province, the exploration of connotation and implementation paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and urbanization promote rapid development of countries and regions and rapid growth in the area of buildings, diversify ecological functional needs, and expand paucity in the utilization of land resources. It is greatly important to deal with problems and risks including unbalanced regional development, exhaustion of resources, decline in environmental quality, and frequent occurrence of natural disasters in the current territory optimization. The analysis of regional ecological characteristics and advancing and refining development needs based on construction standards of ecological civilization are proposed to enhance the comprehensive benefits of regional ecological services and socio- economic development. Landscape ecology involving analysis of the texture characteristics of surface space from the ecosystem perspective has a long- term effect on the scale, pattern, function, process, and linkage among them and is advantageous in systematically dealing with current problems of territory optimization at different spatial and temporal scales. The study integrates land and resources management under the background of global change from the perspective of landscape ecology and based on an understanding of ecological civilization construction. It raises the demands of the territory optimization in terms of the specific orientation of ecosystem services, efficient building area structures, suitable and diversified industrial development supports, and multi-level ecosystem services and safeguards. Based on studies on different spatial and temporal scales and landscape ecology in land space governance, the current territory optimization should focus on the following topics: (1) Identifying and unifying governance units at different spatial scales; (2) Defining and evaluating spatial variation of landscape functions; (3) Constructing landscape patterns based on ecological risk prevention; (4) Proposing an intensive and efficient plan for the coordinated development of urban and rural areas; (5) Investigating the framework of green development with multi- scale linkage; (6) Exploring multi-level and diverse ecological compensations. Additionally, the marine area included in the territory is less involved in current landscape ecological research. It should be supplemented in a follow- up study to maintain ecosystem services, improve landscape functions, and prevent ecological risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rural landscape function has obvious temporal and spatial heterogeneity, and exploring the relationship between landscape functions has become the focus of landscape ecology research. Aiming at the scientific representation of landscape function and the quantification of landscape multifunctional relationship, taking Qingpu district of Shanghai as an example, 6 kinds of landscape functions were constructed according to the functional framework of “production, life and ecology”. Based on the data from 1980 to 2015, the variation characteristics of multi-functional trade-off and synergy relationships of rural landscape in 184 administrative villages in this area were studied by using the method of Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation. The following results are obtained: 1) the agricultural production function of urban suburbs cannot replace the function of economic development. The economic development function of Qingpu district has become the leading functional. 2) The spatial and temporal differences of the multi-functional trade-off and synergy relationships of rural landscape in Qingpu district from 1980 to 2015 were significant. The production function- living function is led by the cooperative relationship, the space was spread along the central axis, the production function- ecological function was dominated by the trade-off relationship, the space was spread from the middle to the east, and the living function -ecological function trade-off the cooperative relationship was more balanced, The trade-off relationship was spread from the middle to the east and the synergy was spread from the west to the north and south. The contradiction between agricultural production function - economic development function (EDF), economic development function- ecological regulation function (ERF)/ environmental maintain function (EMF) was the inevitable contradiction in this area, and the economic development of this area was realized at the expense of ecological environment. There was a significant trade-off relationship between the EDF and landscape aesthetic function (LAF), and the pattern of the relationship between the two was the synergy of the eastern trade-off west, and the number of weighing areas was increasing. The relationship between EDF and spatial bearing function presents the pattern of eastern trade-off and western coordination, and the cooperative relationship area showed an increasing trend. The trade-off area between LAF-ERF/EMF was concentrated in Qingdong area, and the cooperative area was distributed in Qingxi area, and the number of weighing area increases at first and then decreases. The synergy area decreases at first and then increases. 3) The analysis method of temporal and spatial combination can accurately and comprehensively reflect the evolution characteristics of multi-functional trade-offs & synergies relationships of multifunctional rural landscape. The correlation analysis of multi-function and single time dimension of rural landscape cannot fully and accurately represent the change of multi-functional relationship, and there are differences in the pattern of space-time relationship. The relationship between spatial carrying function and ecological regulation function/environmental balance function was found to be compatible in time and tradeoff in space. And the results of time synergy and spatial tradeoff between agricultural production function and ecological regulation function/environmental balance function verify the scientific nature of using space-time model to analyze the multi-function tradeoff-synergy relationship of rural landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research of Environmental Sciences is the property of Research of Environmental Sciences Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Landscape classification is the precondition and basis for the description, mapping and evaluation of regional landscape differences. This study took Fourth Tuan Town and Huaiqiao Town, Quzhou County, Hebei Province as the study area. Following the principles and theoretical basis of landscape architecture, landscape ecology and taxonomy, the rural landscape was classified by using the method of combining subjectivity and objectives. Among them, the objective classification method was designed based on high-resolution remote sensing images, topographic data, soil data and other multivariate geographic data, and kernel density analysis method. The subjective classification method was designed based on the cluster analysis method and the visual landscape, which obtained from the field survey in the study area combining the image landscape. The sources of visual landscape were extracted from the artistic conception of the rural landscape description in the famous Chinese pastoral poems. The results showed that: this study constructs a bottom-up rural landscape classification system, which divides the landscape types of the study area into 3 rural landscape groups, 4 rural landscape areas and 55 rural landscape categories, as well as 108 rural landscape elements. The spatial relations among rural landscape groups, landscape area, landscape types and landscape elements be explained. The results could provide theoretical and practical basis for rural landscape planning and design and beautiful rural construction in the development strategy of rural revitalization in the study area, as well as other similar region in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the vegetation coverage based on FVC inversed by dimidiate pixel model using Landsat data of 2001, 2010 and 2015 in Zeku County of Three-River Source Region. The results indicate that the high vegetation coverage distributes in east and south, and the low vegetation coverage distributes in northwest. The vegetation coverage had been significantly improved in 2001-2015 and has the trend to medium and high coverage. The uptrend is mainly distributed in mid-east and the downtrend is mainly distributed in mid-north and southwest. The higher vegetation coverage grade gradually becomes the superiority landscape and the ecological engineering and the human activities of Three-River source region has some influence to the improvement of vegetation coverage of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscapes of coal gangue backfill reclamation region in Yangquan 1st Mine underwent a remarkable land backfilling reclamation in the past decades. These areas need effective management strategies to protect the environment, at the same time, the sustainable development of land resources.In this paper, a study of pattern change was proposed using five landscape metrics and a stability analysis of features derived from land cover maps (Landsat ETM in 2000 and Landsat OLI8 in 2014) in order to investigate their magnitude and landscape ecology comprehensive stability in the gangue backfilling reclamation region from 2000 to 2014. The results illustrate that: the area of each pattern with a high degree of variation described that the regional landscape was disturbed by backfill reclamation which gave rise to changes within landscape pattern and ecological stability, the landscape fragmentation have been gradually reduced. The development trend of landscape pattern manifests continuous, balanced and high connectivity. The landscape ecological stability index of landscape pattern types was much larger than interference propagation conditions index. The total area of landscape ecological stability index was 1.69%, which indicated that the landscape pattern of reclamation region with strong anti-interference ability was provided with high stability after a long period of backfill reclamation. Ecological remediation of backfill reclamation region have been into a virtuous circle state that signifies that regional ecological environment quality has been improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetland landscape ecological classification, as a basis for the studies of wetland landscape ecology, directly affects the precision and effectiveness of wetland-related research. Based on the history, current status, and latest progress in the studies on the theories, indicators, and methods of wetland landscape classification, some scientific wetland classification systems, e.g., NWI, Ramsar, and HGM, were introduced and discussed in this paper. It was suggested that a comprehensive classification method based on HGM and on the integral consideration of wetlands spatial structure, ecological function, ecological process, topography, soil, vegetation, hydrology, and human disturbance intensity should be the major future direction in this research field. Furthermore, the integration of 3S technologies, quantitative mathematics, landscape modeling, knowledge engineering, and artificial intelligence to enhance the automatization and precision of wetland landscape ecological classification would be the key issues and difficult topics in the studies of wetland landscape ecological classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of global climate change and human disturbance on terrestrial ecosystems has been expanding in intensity and scope. However, there is a lack of evaluation methods for large-scale heterogeneous landscape systems during ecosystem integrity assessment. From the perspective of landscape ecology, this study chose the indicators of landscape structure and landscape stability to comprehensively evaluate regional landscape change characteristics and ecosystem integrity dynamics of Greater Hinggan Mountains area using land use data and NPP data of 2005, 2010 and 2015 with GIS data processing and analysis platform. The results showed that Greater Hinggan Mountains area was dominated by forest land. The dominance degree of forest land was stable at 64.9%, which was much higher than the grassland that with the second dominance. The landscape diversity index was 0.59 in all three periods, accounting for 42.4% of the maximum value of landscape diversity index. Such a result indicated that the landscape resistance was stable in this area. From the view of landscape biomass, farmland and residential land had increased year by year, while forest area had decreased year by year, indicating that the effects of human disturbance on Greater Hinggan Mountains area were increasing.