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The paper used the location entropy index, spatial gini coefficient and barycenter model to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of Chinese animal husbandry industry agglomeration from 2002 to 2021. On this basis, the fixedeffects model was constructed to explore the influencing factors of the animal husbandry industry agglomeration. The results showed that from 2002 to 2021, the agglomeration degree of Chinese animal husbandry industry exhibited a continuous upward trend. The focus of the animal husbandry industry agglomeration had been concentrated in Henan and Sichuan for a long time. The animal husbandry industry gradually gathered from the eastern to the central region. The technology input, industry correlation, economic development level and policy environment all had a positive impact on the animal husbandry industry agglomeration, while the number of labor force had no significant impact on the animal husbandry industry agglomeration. Therefore, the paper puts forward some suggestions to accelerate the clustered development of animal husbandry industry, stimulate the shift of high-qualitanimal husbandry industry elements to the centralregion, and strengthen the policy support for the animal husbandry industry agglomeration, so as to provide a reference for promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the current situation that most of the bait feeders in pond culture rely on manpower, which is labor-intensive, and it is difficult to feed the baiting boats on steep sloping banks, an energy-saving feeding truck without power discharging has been designed. The truck uses a rotating discharging valve for feeding, and a scissor lift platform for adjusting the height of feeding. Through the design of the spherical limit rotating connector located at the discharge port of the rotating discharging valve to adjust the inclination angle of the feeding tube to realize the non-powered discharging, a new type of telescopic feeding tube is designed based on cylindrical cam. The feeding truck can realize directional, fixed-distance and fixed-point feed addition through the movement of the truck body, the lifting and lowering of the scissor lift platform, and the adjustment of the inclination angle and length of the feeding tube. The prototype of the feeding truck was made, and the feeding test was carried out with the baiting boat and stationary baiting machine as the feeding target, and the test results show that the feeding truck has the universality for different specifications of feeds, and the telescopic length of 1.2 m and the lifting height of 1.5 m can satisfy the feeding needs of the baiting boat and stationary baiting machine, and the adjusting is flexible, and the rate of feeding is 6.2 kg/min. The designed feeding truck is flexible in use, and it can replace the manual feeding to the baiting boat and stationary baiting machine. It can replace manual feeding for baiting boat and fixed baiting machine, reduce manual labor intensity, improve the mechanization level of breeding process, and lay the foundation for further automation and intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the durability of the walls for the ship-lock chamber, a full steel plate cladding is designed for the water-facing walls of the lock chamber on the Juntunhe River Junction of the first phase of the Sulian Waterway project. The difficulty in the technology lies in how to realize the integration of the steel plate cladding and the formwork for the lock chamber walls and to improve the installation quality of the steel plate cladding. Electric hoists were used instead of hand hoist and an integrated control system was employed to solve the problem in integration of installation and disassembly of steel plate cladding and the formwork for the lock chamber walls. With only one set of mobile gantry framework, the installation of steel plate cladding and the formwork for the lock chamber walls was achieved, greatly reducing the input of equipment and manpower. The flatness of the steel plate cladding was greatly improved with the innovated welding and anchoring technology of the steel plate cladding, thus avoiding cutting openings in the steel plate cladding and enhancing the reliability of construction safety and the controllability of the quality of the project, which may provide a reference for future construction of lock chambers with full steel plate cladding walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With China’s rapid urbanization, active urban production activities have led to the intensification of air pollution emissions. It is of far-reaching significance to clarify the effects of urban population size and employment density on productive air pollution emissions. This study constructed a theoretical model for the simulation of such effects. It was found that the marginal effects of urban population size and employment density on productive air pollution emissions both met the characteristics of an inverted U-shape, and either of both variables had a moderating effect on the threshold of the other inverted U-shape. Furthermore, the panel data of 274 cities above the prefecture level in China from 2010 to 2018 was used to conduct an empirical test. The estimation results of the feasible generalized least square method showed that: ① Both the impact of population size on productive air pollution emissions and that of employment density on them presented a robust inverted U-shape. The threshold values in 2018 were 1.05 million people and 3 469 people/km², respectively. ② At present, the population size and employment density of some cities have both exceeded the corresponding thresholds and have entered a double downward channel of air pollution emissions. The population expansion of these cities prolongs the non-productive time, which causes more losses to the effective labor supply than the benefits it brings to the labor time endowment, so that it limits production and reduces the emissions of productive air pollution. At the same time, high employment density is conducive to innovation diffusion and knowledge spillover, and its reduction effect on emissions is stronger than the production incentive effect caused by high employment density on them. The combined result of these effects makes the emissions tend to decline. Moreover, the expansion of population size reduces the density threshold, and similarly, the increase in employment density reduces the size threshold. The former can provide favorable conditions for knowledge spillover and promote the density threshold to move forward; the latter will have a certain crowding effect, which will make the non-productive time grow faster, and the production expansion is limited in advance, thus pushing the size threshold forward. The above conclusions have some implications for promoting a new-type urbanization and high-quality development [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Natural rubber production is obviously different from other crops, rubber trees are a long-term biological asset, and rubber tapping production is a daily activity. The decision of rubber growers mainly focuses on the allocation of labor factors, and the technology adoption is not included in the analysis framework of the impact of non-agricultural employment on rubber tapping production in reviewed literatures. (2) Methods--The research data came from two rounds of questionnaire surveys of rural households in Hainan Province and Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province in 2013 and 2019. The least square method, logit model and intermediate effect model were used to discuss the influence transmission of rubber planting scale, non-agricultural employment, technology adoption and rubber tapping production. The least square method and logit model were used to quantitatively analyze the influence of rubber planting scale on non-agricultural employment, and the intermediate effect model was used to identify the effect of low-frequency rubber tapping technology on non-agricultural employment and rubber tapping production. (3) Results--The larger the scale of household rubber planting, the smaller the proportion of non-agricultural employment in the labor force. The increase of years of schooling and the non-agricultural employment of fathers could significantly increase the probability of part-time employment and out-migrating for work of young labor forces. Rubber planting area increased by 1%, and the proportion of household non-agricultural employment labor forces decreased by 0.6 percentage points, and the percentage of young labor forces in non-farm employment fell by 0.5 percent. Compared with the two rounds of survey data, the deterioration of natural rubber market conditions did not change the negative correlation between rubber planting scale and the proportion of mi grant workers, and the estimated coefficients were very close. In fact, the proportion of households with no labor forces out-migrating for work in the 2019 survey samples increased by 0.9 percentage points compared with that in the 2013 survey samples. The local employment market was buoyant, and only about one third of house holds were pure farmers, which was similar to the national situation. The increase of rubber planting area and non-agricultural employment labor forces would make the rubber growers change the production patterns of rubber tapping. Due to the specificity of rubber tree assets and rubber tapping technology, the increase of rubber planting area would inhibit non-agricultural employment, and further promote the rubber growers to maintain normal rubber tapping production. The contribution of low-frequency rubber tapping technology to the reduction of rubber tapping activities caused by the expansion of rubber planting area and the increase of non-agricultural labor forces was very small, less than 3%, indicating that the adaptability of low-frequency rubber tapping technology in private rubber plantations was very low. The main reason was that the low-frequency rubber tapping technology was difficult to master, the risk was large, and the rubber planting scale was small. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--In order to balance rubber tapping production and non-agricultural employment, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, improve the labor productivity of rubber tapping, including the promotion of low-frequency rubber tapping technology, the development of rubber tapping machinery and equipment, and the promotion and publicity of relevant technologies. Second, strengthen the skills training of rubber growers, increase the effective supply of non-agricultural employment market, and at the same time increase the supply of jobs. Third, construct the trading platform for the rubber plantation and rubber tree resources to promote the scale management of the rubber plantations, pilot professional services for the rubber growers provided by state-owned farms, professional cooperatives, large growers, scientific research institutes and other entities, and establish a service standard system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the huge size of China' s rural migrant population and the gradual slowdown of its transfer, it is necessary to ex⁃ plore whether the transfer potential of rural labor is exhausted from the perspective of the confirmation of rural land rights. Based on the institutional practice of rural land right confirmation, we deconstructed the particularity of rural-urban transfer in China and regarded it as a three-stage transfer process (rural separation, urban entry, and urban integration) involving four types of subjects (farmers, migrant workers, new urban citizens, and urban citizens). We used the China Labor Dynamics Survey data of 2014 and 2016 to empirically test the stage effect and lag effect of rural land right conformation on labor transfer and further discuss its impact on labor family migration. We found that: ① The effects of rural land right conformation on labor transfer had stage heterogeneity, which promoted the second stage of labor identity transformation and hindered the first stage of industrial transfer and the third stage of social security transforma⁃ tion. However, rural land right conformation had a lag effect on promoting laborers' rural-urban transfer: the probability of labor force participation in non-agricultural employment and basic pension insurance for urban enterprise employees who had been confirmed for two years increased by 16.9% and 1.9%, respectively. ② Rural land right conformation had quantile heterogeneity in affecting the fami⁃ ly migration of laborers, particularly for low-quantile labor families, which could significantly increase family migration and decrease the migration of the new generation of migrant workers. Based on these, we suggest that: ① Policy design should focus on the promotion of the laborers' rural-urban transfer according to their transfer stages and types. On the one hand, policymakers should strengthen the driving force of rural land right conformation from the rural side and continuously improve the mechanisms of land transfer, land trustee⁃ ship, and land withdrawal in the first and second transfer stages in order to provide transfer power to farmers, migrant workers, and new urban citizens. On the other hand, policymakers should strengthen the pulling force from the urban side, reduce the resistance to urban transfer in the second and third transfer stages, and create an urban working and living environment friendly for migrant workers and new citizens. ② Policymakers should classify and implement policies according to different confirmation times, give priority to solving the problems left over by the confirmation from the low-quantile 'amphibious' labor families, and allow the new generation of migrant workers to 'bring soil into the city.' These measures can rely on the results of rural land right conformation to promote transfer and ur⁃ ban citizenship for rural laborers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grassland is a critical resource in pastoral areas, and the good governance of grassland is the foundation of rural revitaliza⁃ tion in pastoral areas. Although large-scale grassland ecological governance has been practiced in China' s pastoral areas in a 'topdown' manner since 2003, they still face a dilemma of 'tragedy of the commons' and 'fence trap.' Grassland resources are character⁃ ized by low productivity, strong variability, low possibility of improvement or enhancement, and effective use on the premise of a large area, and they are suitable for sharing. It is of great significance to explore how to overcome the governance dilemma through the collec⁃ tive action of herders' sharing of grasslands so as to promote pastoral areas without any external intervention, and it is also of great sig⁃ nificance to revitalize pastoral villages and ensure the ecological barrier in northern China. Based on the surveys since 2011, this paper applied qualitative methods to the study of Adriga Hot, a typical pastoral area in the Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Re⁃ gion. The study found that collective action of grassland sharing was conducive to the community in avoiding the grassland governance dilemma. Collective action not only kept herders' animal husbandry income from decreasing and kept the livestock from overloading, but the saved labor force also helped herders increase their non-pastoral income. However, the successful launching of collective action for grassland governance requires herders to have a relatively consistent concept of grassland utilization, complementary types of grass⁃ land resources, and a considerable number of resources, high social capital, appropriately sized action groups, and clear membership. The key to the long-term survival of the initiated collective action is to clearly define the identity of grassland resource users, formulate a long-term and stable negotiation system, clarify the cost-sharing rules, and improve the supervision and punishment mechanism. In ad⁃ dition, strong leadership is also necessary. The case of Adriga Hot grassland governance shows that small communities can independent⁃ ly initiate and maintain collective action to overcome the dilemma of grassland governance. This study can be referred to for the effec⁃ tive management of forest land, irrigation water, and other similar common-pool resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】There is a large population and strong demand for vegetables in Guangdong-Hong KongMacao Greater Bay Area (hereinafter called “the Greater Bay Area”). The evolution of vegetable production pattern and its influencing factors are studied in order to provide references for the spatial layout optimization and high-quality development of vegetable industry in the Greater Bay Area.【Method】The global autocorrelation indexes of vegetable gross outputs of each year were calculated to judge the regional correlation of vegetable production by using the statistical data at counties of the Greater Bay Area from 2010 to 2020 and the administrative map of the same year. The aggregation area of vegetable production and its spatial pattern evolution in counties were analyzed by local autocorrelation index. Spatial regression model was used to analyze the socio-economic factors affecting vegetable production under spatial correlation.【Result】From 2012 to 2020, the global autocorrelation index passes the test and the value is greater than 0, indicating that the vegetable production at county level forms a positive spatial correlation pattern, and the vegetable production has a certain degree of aggregation in space and increases with inter-annual changes. Through local spatial autocorrelation test and analysis, it is found that vegetable production areas such as Longmen county, Boluo county and Huicheng district shows a high-high aggregation pattern, and gradually forms an aggregation pattern in the northeast of the Greater Bay Area over time. The high-low and low-high spatial patterns of vegetable production are gradually affected by the positive correlation of adjacent areas, and finally forms the same pattern with the surrounding areas. Through the analysis of spatial regression model, it is found that the main factors affecting vegetable production are land, economic level, labor force and agricultural technology input in 2012. After 2016, the main influencing factor is land, while the influence of other factors is not obvious or significant, indicating that the expansion of vegetable planting scale is the first factor of yield increase.【Conclusion】There is a positive spatial correlation in vegetable production in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and gradually forms an industrial core area. In the future, it is necessary to increase investment in agricultural science and technology in the core areas of vegetable production such as Boluo, Longmen, Huicheng and Conghua, to further improve the modernization level of production, continuously drive the surrounding areas to improve the comprehensive industrial benefits, and promote the high-quality development of the vegetable industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub-regional cooperation is becoming a hot topic in Arctic research and the key to practical cooperation between China and Russia. Considering the social, historical, geographical, climate change and other factors of the Russian Arctic area, it is possible and feasible for Chinese local governments to cooperate with the Russia in Arctic tourism. Taking advantage of the good cooperation foundation between the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Russian Arctic area in terms of policy, climate, landscape, labor force, etc., tourism enterprises of the two countries can cooperate in Arctic tourism projects, high-tech, infrastructure and cultural industries. By improving domestic Arctic tourism-related laws and regulations, signing cooperation agreements between Chinese and Russian local governments, and regularly organizing Arctic experience activities, the Sino-Russian Arctic tourism cooperation can be promoted, and even the economic globalization and Arctic sustainable development can be pushed forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impact of mountainous cultivated land fragmentation on the cultivated land abandonment can provide the management guidelines for the food security, and the consolidation and sustainable utilization of cultivated land in the mountainous areas. Taking the Baidu village in Jianhe County, Guizhou Province, China as an example, this study aims to evaluate the impact of mountains land fragmentation on the cultivated land abandonment of farmer. Firstly, the high-resolution image of Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) was interpreted to extract the elements of homestead, cultivated land plot, and road in the study area. The interpreted elements were verified to obtain the spatial data of cultivated land plots. The ownership of homestead and the contractual management right of cultivated land plot were determined through a field survey of farm households. Secondly, a comprehensive index measurement was used to quantify the degree of cultivated land fragmentation using the spatial data of cultivated land plots of farmers. Finally, a binary Logistic regression model was established to analyze the effect of cultivated land plot fragmentation on the cultivated land abandonment in a micro scale perspective. A Tobit regression model was applied to explore the relationship between the degree of plot fragmentation of farmers' contracted land and the scale of cultivated land abandonment. The results show that: 1) There was the high degree of cultivated land fragmentation, indicating the relatively serious abandonment of cultivated land. The small scale was found in the land management of farm households, but the large number of plots was operated. Meanwhile, the average and minimum plot area of farm households were 0.044 hm², and only 0.018 hm², respectively, indicating the high degree of land fragmentation for the farm households. In addition, the average area of cultivated land was 0.342 hm² by the farm households, but the average abandoned area of cultivated land reached 0.117 hm². One-third of cultivated land in the farm households was abandoned, indicating the more serious abandonment of cultivated land. 2) The fragmentation of cultivated land plots increased the probability of cultivated land abandonment. Once the cultivated land plots were far away from their homestead, the farmers more inclined to abandon the part of the plots. Particularly, the small plot of cultivated land was tended to abandon. In addition, the Wald value revealed that the farmers tended to be more influenced by the size of the cultivated land plot, when making decisions about land abandonment. 3) The degree of cultivated land fragmentation was the primary factor on the scale of cultivated land abandonment with the continuous migration of rural labor force to cities. The higher the degree of cultivated land fragmentation of farmers was, the larger the scale of cultivated land abandonment would be. Specifically, the proportion of cultivated land abandonment increased by 4.22%, when the cultivated land fragmentation index of farmers increased by 10%. The finding can provide the important theoretical and practical implications to promote the sustainable utilization and management of finely-broken cultivated land resources in mountainous areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of “north” comes from the process of defining the Han and non-Han political forces from the Warring States period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, and gradually has a political connotation. The early Western Han Dynasty continued the strategic policy of the central plains regime based on the frontier defense model since the Warring States period. This was not only a specIFic consideration of the national strength in the early Western Han Dynasty, but also an objective condition based on the lack of cavalry in the central plains regime. The reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the key stage of the strategic transformation of the Western Han Dynasty. A lot of manpower, economic and military resources were invested to launch several large-scale battles. The victory of the military action against the Huns ensured that the Western Han Dynasty finally achieved effective control of the northern region. In this process, the main goal of the central plains regime is still to EXpand its effective ruling area. While building military garrison facilities on the outer edge of the northern border, the trend of intra-county in the border counties is also increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Decryption is the key to ensure the safe sharing of remote sensing resources. To solve the problems of incomplete target detection, unreliable complementary results, high resource consumption and difficulty of training in the traditional methods of sensitive target hiding in remote sensing images, an automatic hiding method of sensitive targets in remote sensing images is proposed based on the ability of Transformer structure to deal with global information. Methods: Firstly, the optimized Cascade Mask RCNN instance segmentation model with Swin Transformer as the backbone network is used to detect sensitive targets and generate mask regions. After improving the generalization capability of the model, RSMosaic (remote sense Mosaic), a data synthesis method to reduce the dependence on manually labeled data is designed. Secondly, the mask region is expanded by using the shadow detection model based on HSV (huesaturation-value) space, and the MAE( masked autoencoders) model is introduced to achieve target back‐ ground generation. Finally, the generated images are spliced with the original images to obtain the decrypted images. Results: The sub-meter remote sensing images collected by Google Earth are used as test data, and the results show that this proposed method generates reliable hiding results while reducing dataset dependence and training resource consumption. Compared with the traditional method, the AP (average precision) values of bounding box and pixel mask are improved by 13.2% and 11.2% respectively in sensitive target instance segmentation, and the AP values can be improved by another 9.39% and 14.16% respectively after using RSMosaic, which is better than other repair models in terms of objective index and index variance in the field of image repair, especially in mean absolute error and maximum mean discrepancy indexes which are improved by more than 80%. It achieves the effect of automatic hiding of sensitive targets with reasonable structure and clear texture. Conclusions: The proposed method reduces manpower, data and computing resources, and achieves better results in both subjective visual effects and objective indexes, which can provide technical support for real remote sensing image sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realize the nondestructive picking of vulnerable fruits and vegetables and improve picking efficiency, inspired by the leaves of Venus flytrap, this study proposed the idea of chamber design with silica gel as the body material and gas driven, and designed and manufactured a pneumatic flexible diver. The feasibility and reliability of the driver were explored by finite element simulation and experimental verification method, and the application of the driver in the field of stable grabbing and nondestructive picking was verified. The driver can stably grasp objects of different shapes and pick vulnerable fruits and vegetables of strawberries, peanuts and persimmons. Research showed that: the flexible pneumatic driver of the chamber design can complete the bending deformation in two dimensions within 3 s under the air pressure excitation of 0. 3 kPa and the flow rate of 3 L/ min, and can realize the wrapping or semi wrapping grasping of the target. It can achieve adaptive grasping of objects of different shapes and sizes and nondestructive picking of targets. The results showed that the soft manipulator and driver can liberate labor force, improve production efficiency and guarantee fruit and vegetable quality to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background--National policies have repeatedly emphasized the importance of the realization path of ecological products value, analyzing the conversion efficiency of ecological products value plays an irreplaceable role in the realization of ecological products value. On January 12, 2019, the Office of China's Leading Group for Promoting the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt officially issued the "Opinions on Supporting Lishui, Zhejiang to Carry out the Pilot of Ecological Product Value Realization Mechanism", identifing Lishui as China's first pilot city of ecological product value realization mechanism. Lishui City immediately decided to build a national leading ecological product investigation and monitoring system, develop a diverse and efficient path to realize the value of ecological products, improve a scientific and pragmatic ecological product protection and compensation system, and improve a coordinated and powerful ecological product value realization promotion mechanism. Methods--According to the relevant data from 2011 to 2019 of 9 counties (cities, districts) in Lishui City of Zhejiang Province which is the national pilot area, the Malmquist model and Tobit model are used to analyze the transformation efficiency, variation characteristics and main influencing factors of forest ecological product value in the national pilot area. (3) Results--The comprehensive conversion efficiency of each area is stable and rising, the scale efficiency value tends to be close to 1, the technological progress efficiency fluctuates greatly, and the technological progress efficiency has the most significant effect on the comprehensive conversion efficiency. The effective labor force of forestry, forestry fixed assets and forestry land area have passed the significance test of 1%, 1%, and 5 % respectively, and for every 1 % increase in the forestry labor force, the comprehensive conversion efficiency will increase by 3.85%, the comprehensive conversion efficiency will decrease by 25.27% for every 1% increase in forestry fixed investment, and the comprehensive conversion efficiency will increase by 0. 86% for every 1 % increase in forest land area. The forestry effective labor force, forestry fixed assets and forestry land area pass the significance test of 1%, 1% and 5 % respectively, and the comprehensive conversion efficiency will increase by 3. 85% with each 1% increase of forestry labor force, while the comprehensive conversion efficiency will decrease by 25. 27% with each 1% increase of forestry fixed investment. The comprehensive conversion efficiency will increase by 0. 86% with 1% increase of forestry land area. Conclusions and Discussions--The comprehensive conversion efficiency varies from region to region, among which the technological progress efficiency has the greatest impact on the comprehensive conversion efficiency of forest regulating ecological products value. Forestry effective labor force, forestry land area and forestry fixed asset investment have a significant impact on the comprehensive conversion efficiency of ecological products value, and the development level of scientific and technological, per capita GDP and industrial structure all pass the significance test. Since the economic and social development factors in different regions have different impacts on the transformation efficiency of forest regulating ecological products value, we need to take different countermeasures based on this. Each region should constantly optimize the industrial structure, improve the input of technology and capital, rationally plan the area of forestry land, and promote the overall conversion efficiency of the ecological products value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper explored the spatial distribution pattern and driving factors of aquaculture in Sichuan province, which aimed to provide reference for optimizing the layout of aquaculture and then promoting the quality and product of this industry. [Method] Taking the country (municipal district) of Sichuan province as the basic spatial research unit, with the help of the province' s fishery statistical yearbook and local one, the spatial distribution pattern, influencing facotrs and spatial heterogeneity of domaint factors of aquaculture in Sichuan province were analyzed by using the spatial autocorrelation analysis method (Moran' s I), the geo-detercor and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model respectively. [Result] The results showed that both aquaculture area and product were characterised by a significantby positive spatial correlation and the plain and hilly areas along the Minjiang and Tuojiang Rivers in eastern Sichuan (including Rong county, Weiyuan county, Zizhong county, Jingyan county, Renshou county, Yanjiang district, Jianyang city, etc.) were the province' s primary aquaculture cluster; the aquaculture area, average yield level, the number of freshwater fish fry and aquaculture labor force were main influencing factors of aquaculture product in Sichuan province ; In the positive regression coefficient effect of domain factors, aquaculture area decreased from the middle to the nonh and south sides, the average yield level decreased from the nonheast to the southwest and the number of freshwater fish fry decreased from the nonh to the south. And the aquaculture labor force transited from negative value to positive value from the southeast to the west, and gradually increased. [Conclusion] The research on the spatial pattern and influencing factors of aquaculture in Sichuan province would provide a scientific basis for the intensive and differentiated development of aquaculture in this province, and would be one of the effective means to optimize the layout of aquaculture in Sichuan province and then promote the sustainable development of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background——China’s highway facilities construction continue to be improved. However, there is little literature to evaluate the impact of highway facilities construction on regional forest resource management quality, which cannot provide effective decision-making reference for the formulation of forest quality improvement strategies. Methods——Based on the balanced panel data of 30 provinces and cities from 1993 to 2018,the panel data model was used to evaluate the impact of highway facilities construction on the quality of regional forest resources management. At the same time, we examine whether the highway facilities construction has an indirect impact through the three mediating variables of non-agricultural employment opportunities, the development of forestry secondary industry and the development of forestry service industry. Results——First, the coefficients of highway facilities construction on forest unit area accumulation and plantation unit area accumulation are 8.057 and 10.795,respectively, indicating that highway facilities construction has a significant positive effect on the improvement of regional forest resource management quality, which means that highway facilities construction can significantly improve the regional forest resource management quality. Secondly, the construction of highway facilities improves the growth of forest unit area accumulation by promoting the non-agricultural employment of rural labor force, the development of forestry secondary industry and service industry, and the indirect influence coefficients are 81.921,7.918 and 165.634,respectively. However, there is no indirect impact on the plantation unit area accumulation by promoting the non-agricultural employment of rural labor force, the development of forestry secondary industry and tertiary industry. Third, rural highway construction can significantly promote the growth of forest unit area accumulation (165.634) and plantation unit area accumulation (211.610). Primary highway construction can significantly promote the growth of forest unit area accumulation (7.918) and plantation unit area accumulation (10.958). Highway construction can only significantly increase forest unit area accumulation (81.921). Conclusions and Discussions——The construction of highway facilities has a significant promotion on the improvement of regional forest resource management quality. The construction of highway facilities promotes the growth of forest unit area accumulation by promoting the non-agricultural employment of rural labor force, the development of forestry second and service industry. Rural highway construction has a positive impact on forest unit area accumulation and plantation unit area accumulation. However, highway construction only has a positive impact on forest unit area accumulation, and primary highway construction only has a positive impact on forest unit area accumulation and plantation unit area accumulation. Based on the research results and conclusions, the following recommendations are proposed: First, the central and local governments are expected to improve traffic infrastructure conditions and take it as an important public policy that supports important forestry development, continuing to increase the density of highways, primary and rural roads. Second, the governments at all levels are supposed to accelerate the elimination of obstacles to restricted rural labor transfer and ensure the free transfer of rural surplus labor. At the same time, they should continue to improve the forest land transfer system and facilitate the transfer process. They also can encourage and promote the transfer of rural idle forest land, and try to avoid the situation of forest land abandonment or poor tending. Third, local governments are required to correctly address the relationship between forest protection and economic development, optimize timber industry support policies, promote the reform of “delegating power, improving regulation, and upgrading service” related to the wood industry, create a good industrial development environment, and promote the development of the second and tertiary industries of regional forestry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background——After the main reform task of the collective forest tenure system in Zhejiang in 2016,its forest land management still faces problems such as small and scattered, insufficient vitality, low efficiency, and diseconomies of scale, which are not suitable for the modern development of collective forestry. It needs to be solved by guiding farmers to transfer forest land and promoting appropriate scale management of forest land. Methods——Under the framework of sustainable livelihoods, a subdivision index model and a comprehensive model of outflow (inflow) willingness were constructed, and the entropy method was used to measure the livelihood capital of farmers, then the duality logistic regression was used to analysis the impact of livelihood capital on farmers’ willingness of forestland transfer and circulation. Results——The social capital score of 98.03 is the highest, the physical capital score of 97.65 is second, the human capital score of 88.16 is ranked third, the financial capital score of 48.00 is ranked fourth, sand the natural capital score of 39.71 is the lowest. In addition, livelihood capital has an impact on the willingness of forestland transfer and circulation. Natural capital has a negative impact on the willingness to inflow at a significance level of 5%.Physical capital has a positive impact on the willingness to flow out at a significance level of 5%.Financial capital has a positive effect on the willingness to inflow at a significance level of 1%.Social capital has a negative impact on the willingness to flow out at a significance level of 10%.Human capital has no significant effect on the willingness of farmers to transfer and circulate forest land. Conclusions and Discussions——The abundant social capital and material capital in the study area have successively restrained and promoted farmers’ willingness to flow out of forest land and the richer human capital is underutilized in the field of forestry production. Among them, education investment is the key to human capital to promote farmers’ willingness of forest land inflow. But low level of financial capital inhibits farmers’ willingness to inflow of forest land, and investment in financial capital is the key to promoting the inflow of farmers’ forest land. Low level of natural capital promotes farmers’ willingness to inflow but has little effect. Therefore, the government must increase investment in forest farmers’ financial capital, introduce incentive policies for forest land circulation and increase financial investment in pest control, forest fire prevention, forestry infrastructure construction, etc. It is necessary to improve the forest resource assessment system and the forest rights mortgage loan system. In addition, the financing channels for forestry investment should be broadened, and the forest insurance should be popularized. Finally, government is expected to reduce forestry credit constraints, and strengthen social participation of funds. In order to improve the quality of the forestry labor force, on the one hand, it is necessary for the government to increase investment in education and rely on institutions of higher learning to promote adult education and continuing education. On the other hand, we should guide the return of local talents and attract college students and entrepreneurs to join the forestry industry. The government are supposed to optimize the living environment, to improve the rural social security system, to speed up the orderly relocation of rural households in remote mountainous areas, and to provide more employment opportunities, striving for full coverage of pension and medical insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the reclamation project with the characteristics of large scale, high construction risk, various types of construction equipment, and huge numbers of manpower, based on the mature safety management system and local regulation requirements, some safety management methods have been explored and innovated according to the actual engineering and site construction requirements. It has played a good role and effect in effectively controlling the hazards and safety risks of complex construction sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eco‑compensation is an effective policy tool to encourage farmers to actively engage in human activity restrictions and realize the harmonious coexistence of human and nature in ecological protection red line areas. In order to deeply understand the willingness of farmers to be compensated for the human activity restrictions in ecological protection red line areas, this study divided the decision ‑making process into two stages: willingness to accept compensation and the compensation amount. Based on Bourdieu’s social practice theory, this paper constructed a theoretical analysis framework of capital and willingness to accept compensation. Using the micro survey data of ecological protection red line areas in four counties (districts) of Jiangxi Province and Hubei Province, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of capital on farmers’ willingness to accept compensation for human activity restrictions in ecological protection red line areas by using the Double‑Hurdle Model. The results showed that: ① Effective compensation incentive to human activity restrictions should not be lower than the average willingness of farmers to be compensated, and the compensation standard of corresponding survey area should not be lower than RMB 2 300 /household/year. ② Economic capital had a significant positive impact on the willingness to accept compensation and the amount of compensation. Factors such as the proportion of agricultural income, population burden ratio and housing structure had a positive impact on the willingness to accept compensation, while the number of labor force and per capita cultivated land area had a positive impact on the amount of compensation. ③ The influence of cultural capital on the willingness to accept compensation for human activity restrictions was uncertain, but it had a significant negative impact on the amount of compensation. Factors such as the participation of village collective activities had a positive impact on the willingness to accept compensation, and the experience of working outside had a negative impact on the willingness to accept compensation and the amount of compensation. ④ Social capital had a significant positive impact on the willingness to accept compensation for human activity restrictions, but its impact on the amount of compensation was uncertain. Factors such as the degree of trust for village officials and strangers had a positive impact on willingness to accept compensation, the degree of trust for neighbors and loan difficulties had a negative impact on the amount of compensation, and the number of mobile phone contacts and social reputation had a positive impact on the amount of compensation. Therefore, in the future design of eco‑compensation mechanism in the ecological protection red line areas, it is necessary to promote the policy of compensation for human activity restrictions by layers and stages, and pay full attention to the impact of farmers’ economic capital, cultural capital and social capital on their willingness to be compensated for human activities restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid and accurate extraction of cropping patterns is of great significance for regional resource capacity evaluation, green and sustainable agricultural development and national food security. However, there are few spatial datasets with the precision, breadth of coverage, or sufficient information as required in the mapping of complex crop types and rotation patterns. Furthermore, the majority of existing research on crop extraction focuses on extracting crops either from high-resolution images in small areas or from low-to-medium resolution images in large areas, thus missing complex and dynamic cropping patterns. To make up this shortage, a phenology-based crop type and the mapping technique of cropping patterns were proposed based on the GEE platform and Sentinel-2 time series imagery for high-accuracy crop mapping of large areas. The Jianghan Plain, an important grain-producing region in south China, was studied. The method for semi-automatic extraction of a large number of samples was explored, and the classification accuracy of multi-grained cascade Forest (gcForest) and that of the Deep Neural Network (DNN) were compared to identify and map the types and cropping patterns of rice, wheat, rapeseed, cotton and lotus root in Jianghan Plain. The results showed that: 1) the main crops in the Jianghan Plain include rice growing in a single season, lotus root, wheat, rapeseed, and cotton. The findings also highlight the major single-season cropping structures, including single rice and lotus root, and the major rotation patterns, consisting of wheat-rice, wheat-cotton, rapeseed-rice, and rapeseed-cotton; 2) the formation and distribution of different crop types and crop rotation patterns are driven by multiple factors, such as climate, topography, socioeconomics, and farmers’ subjective wishes: rice is the most widely planted crop in the Jianghan Plain, especially single rice. In recent years, as the urbanization is intensified and the labor force in agricultural planting is aging, many farmers choose to plant single-season rice due to the lack of labor. Therefore, the planting area of single-season rice dominates and expands; wheat is mainly distributed in the western and northern regions of the plain, and its planting areas are relatively concentrated. Areas sown to wheat in the northern part of the plain mainly carry out wheat-soybean and wheat-rice-based crop rotation patterns, while wheat-cotton and wheat-rice patterns are more frequently seen in the western areas along the river. With the promotion of the national policy on farming with machine, areas sown to wheat in Jianghan Plain are expanding year by year; rapeseed is mainly distributed in the middle of the Plain, mostly in the modes of rapeseed-cotton and rapeseed-rice rotation, for rapeseed and cotton have a large demand for water at each growth stage, and are more suitable for planting in areas with moist soil; 3) the gcForest model based on 4 000 semi-automatic sampling points has the highest overall accuracy, which can reach 87.25%. The classification accuracy of the two models based on 4 000 sampling points is 8.08 and 5.5 percentage points higher than that based on 400 field sampling points respectively. This semi-automatic extraction approach of sampling points can effectively improve the classification accuracy. Besides, whether based on 400 or 4 000 sample points, the classification accuracy of the gcForest model is higher than that of the DNN, indicating that gcForest has an edge when extracting planting patterns in complex agricultural landscapes in south China. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the phenology-based open-source Sentinel-2 sequential data can effectively support the mapping of planting patterns in large and complex agricultural areas. Thus, the mapping of crop planting patterns in south China presented in this study provides a scientific basis for formulating policies related to crop rotation and sustainable agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The models of cultivated land kernel density, dynamic degree and influence mechanism were used to discuss the evolution and influence mechanism of cultivated land ' s spatial distribution from 1990 to 2020 in Liaoning Province. The results showed that the characteristics of cultivated land agglomeration in Liaoning Province are significant, showing a spatial distribution pattern of It dense in the northwest and sparse in the southeast It, with a variation range of 0 - I 0. 17 hm2 I km2 • The relative index of cultivated land change gradually transformed from the high in the western and eastern regions in 1990 to the high in the central region in 2020. In the 1990s, the average annual increase of cultivated land was 1. 88 x 104 hm2, but decreased by 2. 72 x 104 hm2 after the 21st century. The area of cultivated land decreased in Shenyang, Dalian and Anshan but increased in Panjin and Tieling. Natural factors are a prerequisite for cultivated land use, but socio-economic and regional policies play an important role. The intensification of drought and the reduction of agricultural population led to a reduction of 3. 576 x 105 hm2 of cultivated land. With the social development, the average output value increased by 302%, and the social fixed investment increased by 9. 4 times. It is suggested that the government should encourage diversified cultivation of cultivated land, establish a mechanism for the circulation of cultivated land, strengthen the construction of new countryside, and encourage the young labor force to return home to develop science and technology agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the problem of air pollution has not been effectively solved, clarifying the relationship among air pollution, labor supply behavior and human capital efficiency will be helpful to exert the advantage of human capital, formulate environmental regulation policies, and evaluate the return of investment in environmental governance. Based on data from China Labor⁃force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) in 2014, 2016, 2018, and the Air Quality Index (AQI), by using the Multilevel Regression Model, this study observed the effects of air pollution on individual labor supply and the utilization rate of human capital efficiency from a microscopic perspective, and used the gradual approach and the bootstrap method to test the relationship among them. The results indicated that: ① Air pollution had high depression on the labor supply of workers, but the negative influence of it could be decreased by rising the income of workers. ② For different labor groups, the effect of air pollution on the labor supply had significant heterogeneous characteristics. Aggravation of air pollution could lead to decreased labor supply from the low human capital labor, especially the aging labor and non⁃ urban workers. ③ The results of further mechanism verification showed that air pollution significantly reduced the productivity of individual labor, and had a negative effect on the concentration of labor, thus hindering the utilization rate of the human capital to reduce the individual labor supply. These mechanisms had different influence on different labor groups. ④ In the development of labor supply model, many factors could affect the individual labor supply, such as the level of personal social security, and whether the head of the family is an only child. Those with high level personal social security or with the head of the family being the only child tended to reduce their labor supply. Thus, promoting environmental regulation, improving air quality and coordinating the relations between the environmental regulation and employment reasonably will not only contribute to easing the pressure of the insufficient labor supply caused by the aging of the population, but also help to promote the rational flow of labor resource in China. In addition, these measures will also help to increase the utilization rate of the human capital to achieve high⁃quality economic development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial assistance is one of the most important parts of targeted poverty alleviation, the impact of poverty identification and targeted assistance on the efficiency of poverty alleviation industry is worth of further study. Based on the survey data of 534 farmers in Shizhu Tujia Autonomous county, Chongqing, this paper applied the classical statistical analysis framework to test the differences in planting industry efficiency between villages and farmers after poverty identification, and further explored the formation of differences. The results show that: (1) Poverty identification and targeted assistance significantly promote the efficiency of the planting industry, especially in the poverty- stricken villages and the poor households. (2) The policy is the key factor that causes significant differences in planting efficiency between poor and non- poor villages and households. Among them, infrastructure construction such as road construction, and characteristic planting industries have a particularly strong impact on poverty- stricken villages and poor households. (3) The effect of age on the efficiency of the planting industry in poverty-stricken areas shows a "U- shaped" pattern, in which 55 to 60 years old is an efficiency turning point. (4) Farmers with high school education and above can promote the efficiency of the planting industry. Therefore, in order to resolve the unbalanced contradictory problem, the local governments should continue to implement industrial assistance policies and establish a long-term mechanism to ensure the steady growth of poor people's income, and improve the agricultural labor force in poverty-stricken areas, as well as increase the level of human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, UAV tilt photograph technology has been widely used in aerial photography, agriculture, military, construction and other industries. Based on the working characteristics of UAV, that is to collect image information efficiently and quickly, it can significantly improve the working productivity in many areas and avoid the unnecessary waste of manpower and costs. In this paper, the application value of UAV tilt photograph technology combined with BIM technology in gulf regulation project was introduced. Based on the advantage of visualization and informatization, the design and construction critical issues are solved in advance, and providing a reference for the digital construction industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of patent text automatic classification, this paper proposed a WPOSGRU patent text automatic classification method based on two-channel feature fusion. Firstly, this method obtained, cleaned and pretreated the patent summary text, then represented the patent text by word vector and part-of-speech tagging, and mapped the patent text into word2vec word vector sequence and POS part-of-speech sequence respectively. Finally, this paper trained WPOS-GRU model by two feature channels, and analyzed experimentally the effect of the model. By comparing the traditional patent classification method with the single-channel patent classification method, the WPOS-GRU patent classification method based on two-channel feature fusion improves the classification effect. The proposed method saves a lot of manpower costs, improves the accuracy of patent text classification, and can meet the needs of automation and high efficiency of a large number of patent text classification tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the unreasonable use of cultivated land in China has caused a series of serious problems. Therefore, the state has put forward an important measure of "Exploring Pilot Program of Farmland Rotation and Fallow System ". Labor force is one of the main factors of agricultural production. Therefore, it is of strategic significance to further promote the national rotation fallow policy, modernization and urbanization to sum up the situation of farmer's rotation fallow land and labor force transfer and grasp the effect of fallow area on labor force transfer. Based on this, this paper uses the relevant survey data of 1542 households in six counties of Hebei, Gansu and Yunnan provinces to analyze the situation of farmer's rotation fallow land and labor transfer, and uses Tobit regression model to quantitatively analyze the impact of fallow area on labor transfer. The results show that: (1) There is a difference between the ratio of fallow households and fallow area per household in the study area, and the order of which is both Gansu > Yunnan > Hebei; (2) 62.97% of the households in the study area have the phenomenon of labor transfer, and the number of labor transfer of fallow households far exceeds that of non-fallow households; (3) The core variable, fallow area, has a significant positive impact on labor transfer; the control variable, the total household population, gender of householder, labor education level, medical expenditure, the distance from residence to highway and average wage per labor force have a significant positive impact on labor transfer, while the dependency ratio has a significant negative impact on labor transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Households are kernel of stakeholders in rural land consolidation. It is exceedingly meaningful to estimate the actual disposition effect of rural land consolidation on households’ livelihood strategies. In this paper, the types of households’livelihood strategies are classified, and thereafter, on the basis of the livelihood capital measurement, PSM- DID method is employed to exclude other confounding factors and econometrically analyze the influence of rural land consolidation on the livelihood strategy of households. The robustness of the estimation results is tested by various matching methods and counterfactual method. The results show that: 1) Rural land consolidation can indeed significantly change the livelihood strategy of two- type- job households. But it does not significantly change the livelihood strategies of professional agriculture households or multi- type- job households. 2) Rural land consolidation has a significant impact on the livelihood strategies of traditional agriculture- dependent households, modern agriculture-dependent households and non-agriculture households. Both the proportions of traditional agriculture- dependent households and modern agriculture- dependent households have increased significantly, while the proportion of non-agriculture households has significantly reduced, which demonstrates that households can adjust their livelihood strategies to adapt to the changes after rural land consolidation. Or in other words, rural land consolidation promotes the diversification of households’livelihoods. 3) A variety of matching methods and counterfactual method are adopted to carry out robustness tests which confirm that the main estimation results of this paper are considerably robust. Finally, suggestions are proposed based on this study. Incentive policies for different kinds of households should be developed. Specifically, two- type- job households should be encouraged to develop appropriate scale management of agriculture, and professional agriculture households should be assisted with training on modern agricultural technology or non- agricultural employment skills. Relying on local agricultural industry policies and rural land consolidation, modern agriculture- dependent households could develop regional unique agricultural industry, for example, leisure agriculture. Moreover, traditional agriculture-dependent households and non-agriculture households should be guided to realize the transfer of local surplus rural labor force and the transformation of livelihood to obtain diversified employment channels and income sources of households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There were many problems during testing services of biological samples in electron microscopy, such as classified instruments, different user groups, high labor intensity, long period of time, laboratory work higher costs, depending too much on the experience of the staff and the user of low efficiency, however, the traditional appointment could not effectively solve such problems. Based on the Electron Microscopy Center ( EMC ) in East China Normal University, the online reservation tracking system of electron microscopy observation was designed and developed under WEB database. The system substituted the traditional telephone appointment and on-site registration, and built a knowledge base management system for facilitating the communication of information between users with the experimental staff and user interaction. As a result, the management level and efficiency of resource use in EMC were improved and the users were WD11 helped in sample analysis and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines, both in internal and international contexts, the petition of the zhiqing in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, during the 1978-79 transition. It first shows how a shortage of labour on Xishuangbanna state rubber farms led to the arrival of the zhiqing from other regions. It then reviews their lives and sufferings of these revolutionary youths, followed by an analysis of the petition in terms of its process and result. This article proposes three key reasons for the win-win result: the extraordinary leadership and organization of the zhiqing, factional struggles within the Chinese Communist Party, and the Sino-Vietnamese War. Finally, it attempts to fit this event into recent literature on mass resistance in contemporary China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the economic and social development of Mainland China, there is a structural disparity between the market demand and the labour force in both quality and quantity. The advantage of youth continuing education has become more and more apparent. Though China has already established a multilevel, multitype, and multiform continuing education system, there are still inadequacies in the government management system, resource integration, and market functioning. This article recommends that the central government improve these systems and integrate resources and information. This article also recommends that the government build up an "overpass" for young people so that youth lifelong education can eventually be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the signing of the mutual recognition of higher education qualifications between Hong Kong and China in 2004, the Hong Kong government has introduced several key corresponding initiatives to attract more nonlocal students to Hong Kong, especially Mainland Chinese. The findings in this paper indicate that the dramatic increase in the number of Mainland Chinese students studying in Hong Kong could be highly beneficial to the quality of higher education and human capital in Hong Kong. Since the majority of these Mainland Chinese students are among the best and the brightest--with a high concentration in high-technology and high-growth industries-- they will likely add much to the local workforce and the Hong Kong economy. Concerted efforts and more favourable policies are needed in order to attract, develop, and retain talent so that nonlocal graduates may join the local workforce and contribute to the Hong Kong economy. Policy implications and recommendations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]