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Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, which is a serious threat to human health. HBV infection is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma.The diagnosis of most hepatocellular carcinoma has progressed to the middle and late stage, and the prognosis is poor. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment are important supports to improve the clinical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have established various hepatocellular carcinoma risk prediction models, which are conducive to improving the early diagnosis rate of hepatocellular carcinoma and reducing the mortality rate. This article reviews the risk factors and risk prediction models of chronic hepatitis B associated hepatocellular carcinoma, in order to provide reference for HBV-associated liver cancer risk monitoring and management decision.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular genetic characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor (HRRMT). Methods: The clinical data of two cases of HRRMT diagnosed in Fujian Provincial Hospital and Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated People's Hospital from 2020 to 2021 were collected. Histopathology and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to assess morphological changes; the genetic changes were analyzed with next-generation sequencing. The relevant literature was reviewed. Results: Both cases showed well-defined solid nodules and soft masses. Microscopically, the tumors had a fibrous pseudocapsule with lymphocytic aggregation, and locally invaded the surrounding skeletal muscle tissue, and the tumor cells were fusiform to epithelioid with an intensive foamy histiocytic infiltrate. No necrosis or mitosis was observed. Immunophenotyping showed the tumor cells were positive for desmin, either one or both skeletal muscle markers (myogenin or MyoD1), and negative for h-caldesmon, ALK and SMA. The Ki-67 index was<5%. Using next-generation sequencing, one case was found to harbour KRAS (G12D) and MSH3 (Q470 * ) mutations. Conclusions: HRRMT is a newly described skeletal muscle tumor with uncertain malignant potential. Its diagnosis and differential diagnosis depend on morphologic and IHC staining. No specific molecular genetics changes have been identified so far.

Objective: To investigate the role of piperine on the transformation of endothelial cells into fibroblasts. Methods: Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs, 4-6 passage) were used for the main experiments. The transformation models of endothelial cells into fibroblasts were induced by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) stimulation. HUVECs were divided into 6 groups: control group, TGF-β group and 4 groups treated with various concentrations of piperine (1, 5, 10, 20 μmol/L). CKK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation. The CD31/α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression level was detected by fluorescent staining. The vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin)/vimentin expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining. RT-PCR was used detect the mRNA expressions of transformation markers. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of snail and twist. Results: TGF-β increased HUVECs proliferation ( P< 0.05), which could be significantly inhibited by 10 and 20 μmol/L of piperine, but not by 1 and 5 μmol/L of piperine. Immunofluorescence results demonstrated that TGF-β increased HUVECs transformation to fibroblasts as shown by downregulated expression of endothelial markers CD31, VE-cadherin, and upregulated expression of α-SMA and vimentin, again, these effects could be attenuated by 10 and 20 μmol/L piperine. The expression levels of collagen type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ were significantly higher in TGF-β group than in control group ( P< 0.05), significantly lower in TGF-β+10 μmol/L piperine group and TGF-β+20 μmol/L piperine group than in TGF-β group ( P< 0.05).In addition, RT-PCR results showed that TGF-β increased mRNA expression of transformation markers (snail1, snail2, twist1, twist2), while 10 and 20 μmol/L of piperine could significantly downregulated the mRNA expressions of these markers. The protein expression levels of snail and twist were significantly higher in TGF-β group than in control group (both P< 0.05), which was significantly lower in TGF-β+20 μmol/L piperine group than in TGF-β group (both P< 0.05). Conclusions: Piperine can inhibit the transformation of endothelial cells into fibroblasts. This effect might be viewed as one of the potential mechanisms of reduced myocardial fibrosis post piperine treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of rigid permeable contact lenses (RGPCL) in the correction of irregular astigmatism after keratoplasty. Methods: Retrospective case study. From June 2012 to December 2016, 31 patients (37 eyes) who underwent corneal transplantation were tested and fitted with RGPCL. The patients' data of primary disease, interval from keratoplasty to contact lens fitting, uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, best RGPCL-corrected visual acuity, contrast visual acuity before and after RGPCL wear, corneal topography and corneal endothelium parameters before and after RGPCL wear were collected, including ocular complications and comfort of contact lenses. Results: Among the 31 patients, 24 were male and 7 were female, with age of (31.3±5.8) years. The mean interval between grafting and initial contact lens fitting was (4.6±2.3) years. Uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and best RGPCL-corrected visual acuity were 0.81±0.21, 0.54±0.13, and 0.10±0.07, respectively ( t= 7.170, 16.617, 17.866; all P< 0.05). The average astigmatism was -5.76±2.23 D and -0.83±0.47 D before and after wearing RGPCL ( t= 8.531, P< 0.05). After wearing RGPCL, the contrast visual acuity of 100%, 25%, 10%, and 5% was increased from 0.95±0.33, 1.18±0.21, 1.40±0.00, and 1.40±0.00 to 0.12±0.15, 0.37±0.17, 0.65±0.25, and 0.96±0.29, respectively ( t= 5.972, 8.473, 9.243, 5.104; all P< 0. 05). There were no obvious changes of corneal endothelium parameters during the observation period. No obvious corneal allograft rejection or other complications occurred, and 94.6% (35/37) of the patients felt comfortable with wearing RGPCL. Conclusions: RGPCL wear is safe and effective in correcting irregular astigmatism after corneal transplantation. We can obtain good corrected vision and improve contrast visual acuity, especially for patients who can not wear spectacles. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55: 413-418) .

Aim: To study the chemical constituents of Peucedanum decursivum., Methods: Various column chromatographies with silica gel and HPLC were employed for the isolation and purification. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on basis of spectral analyses and chemical methods., Results: Seven compounds were isolated from the roots of Peucedanum decursivum (Miq.) Maxim. 1 is 3'(S)-hydroxy-4' (R)-angeloyloxy-3',4'-dihydroxanthyletin, named Decursitin D; 2 is 3'(S)-acetoxy-4'(R)-hydroxy-3',4'-dihydroxanthyletin, named decurstin F; the others are 3'(S)-acetoxy-4'(R)-angeloyloxy-3', 4'-dihydroxanthyletin (3), Pd-C-IV (4), Pd-C-II (5), (+)-3'S-decursinol (6) and (+)-trans-decursidinol (7)., Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, while compounds 6 and 7 were isolated from Peucedanum decursivum (Miq.) Maxim for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Peucedanum decursivum commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine., Method: Compounds were separated by solvent extraction and column chromatography with silica gel and structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectral analysis., Result: Seven compounds were identified as imperatorin, deltoin, columbianadin, beta-sitosterol, scopoletin, (+)-trans-decursidinol and daucosterol., Conclusion: All the compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Nine compounds were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr., a traditional Chinese medicine. By combination of chemical methods and spectral analyses, the structures of the compounds were identified as lanosterol (I), octadecanyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzeneacrylate (II), beta-sitosterol (III), 7-hydroxycoumarin (IV), 2, 2'-dimethoxy-3, 3'-dihydroxy-5, 5'-oxygen-6, 6'-biphenylformic anhydride (V), d-pinoresinol (VI), quercetin (VII), 3, 4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (VIII) and 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (IX). II and V are new compounds which have not been reported in the literature. The other compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant. VI is a lignan which was first isolated from the plants of genus of Euphorbia.

Most of the 19 cases of high myopia with esotropia fixus had the refractive error in childhood while esotropia fixus set in progressively during middle age. The eyeball was fixed in a position of marked adduction, and the forced duction test was positive. Electromyography showed normal innervation of the medial and lateral recti. Contracture of the medial rectus and thinning of the lateral rectus were observed during surgery. Histopathological examination revealed degeneration and fibrosis in the medial rectus. Etiology was not clear. Tenotomy of the medial rectus or that of the inferior rectus in addition, with fixation of the lateral rectus tendon to the lateral orbital rim produced satisfactory corrective results.

Seven compounds were isolated from the traditional Chinese Medicine Qianhu, roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. Their structures were identified as psoralen (II), 5-methoxypsoralen (III), 8-methoxypsoralen (IV), pteryxin (V), peucedanocoumarin II (VI), beta-sitosterol (VII) and qianhucoumarin A (VIII) by physico-chemical constants and spectral analyses (UV, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, EIMS). VIII is a new compound with the structure of 3'(R)-hydroxy-4'(R)-tigloyloxy-3',4'-dihydroseslin. Its absolute configurations were determined by chemical correlation with known compounds. II, III, IV and VII were first isolated from this plant.

Five compounds were isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Qianhu, roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum. Their structures were identified as 3'-angeloyloxykhellactone (IX), qianhucoumarin B (X), qianhucoumarin C (XI), Pd-III (XIII) and peucedanocoumarin III (XV). Among them, X and XI are new compounds, their absolute configurations were elucidated by chemical correlation with khellactones, as 3'(S)-acetoxy-4'(S)-hydroxy-3',4'-dihydroseselin(X) and 3'(S)-hydroxy-4'(S)-acetoxy-3',4'-dihydroseselin (XI). Compound IX was isolated from plants for the first time.

The scleral encircling or explant procedures for treatment of retinal detachment usually lead to post-operative strabismus, due to traumatic muscular adhesion to the globe, explant interference with muscular function, nerve damage and muscular paralysis, excessive or prolonged stretching of the muscle and surgical muscular reattachment at an improper site. In addition, there may be muscular atrophy or cicatrizing transformation due to compression. In 3 patients, the authors made use of the cicatricial tissue in place of the original muscle with or without surgical adjustment of the other ocular muscles. Satisfactory cosmetic result and ocular motility were obtained in all 3 cases.