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BACKGROUND In order to quickly identify and screen high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) grown synthetic diamonds, a lot of research about their luminescent and spectral characteristics has been done. However, the comparative analysis is lacking, and less attention is paid to electrical and magnetic properties. OBJECTIVES To summarize the spectral characteristics and investigate the electrical and magnetic properties of HPHT synthetic diamonds systematically. METHODS Conventional gemological observation, high precision spectroscopy and electrical conductivity and magnetism testing were used for comparative analysis of 49 colorless and yellow samples. RESULTS The residual metal catalysts, including iron, cobalt, and nickel, caused the ferromagnetism of diamonds. All of the HPHT synthetic diamond samples could be attracted by the magnetic bar with magnetic intensity up to 12000Gs. The colorless samples were type Ⅱa+Ⅱb diamonds. The presence of boron led to its good conductivity, and the conductivity increased with increased boron content. The yellow samples were Ib+IaA type diamonds, and about one-third of the single nitrogen was converted into A aggregate. The synthetic diamond had undergone high temperature annealing treatment after growth. The ubiquitous presence of boron, and the presence of nitrogen mainly as single atoms and A aggregates led to the characteristic infrared spectra of HPHT synthetic diamonds. HPHT synthetic diamonds often contained crystal lattice defects caused by impurity elements such as nitrogen, nickel and silicon, which led to characteristic photoluminescence spectra. Colorless samples showed strong blue-green fluorescence and phosphorescence, whereas yellow samples had green fluorescence, with obvious cube-octahedron patterns. CONCLUSIONS Spectral and luminescent characteristics are still an important basis for screening and identification of HPHT synthetic diamonds. HPHT synthetic diamonds under the current growth technology also have obvious differences from natural diamonds in both conductivity and magnetism, which can be used as an auxiliary basis for rapid identification.

BACKGROUND Spectroscopic characteristics for brown colored Type Ⅱa diamonds treated by high pressure high temperature (HPHT) processes have been investigated extensively. However, almost no reports are available on the variation of the spectroscopic features for the type Ⅰa Cape series brown colored diamonds treated by HPHT processes. OBJECTIVES To help the laboratory to resolve the origin of yellow diamonds. METHODS The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the spectral features for the samples before and after each treatment. RESULTS The color of the diamonds changed from grayish brown to brownish yellow after the HPHT process. Meanwhile, the FTIR/UV-Vis absorption, as well as the photoluminescence was also greatly changed. Besides the 415nm and the 477nm absorption peaks, the treated diamonds also display H3 defect (503.2nm) and the gradually increasing absorption from 550nm to shortwave, resulted in the color changing from grayish brown to brownish yellow. In the mid-infrared region, the three peaks of 1498, 1520 and 1547cm-1 become a broad band centered at 1498cm-1 after treatment, and the photoluminescence spectrum displayed two distinct defects-H3 (503.2nm) and H2 (986.2nm). CONCLUSIONS The spectroscopic features provide a basis for accurate identification of HPHT-treated type Ⅰa Cape series brown diamonds in gem laboratories, and increase understanding of the variation mechanism of the nitrogen and hydrogen related lattice defects in the diamonds during the HPHT processes.

BACKGROUND As the world's largest producer of synthetic diamonds, China accounts for more than 90% of the world's total production, of which high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) synthetic diamonds are dominant. Previous scholars have conducted many studies on analytical methods and property analysis of HPHT synthetic diamonds. However, the research on the pickling process after the growth of HPHT synthetic diamonds and the internal and external micro-structures after pickling is still insufficient. OBJECTIVES To characterize 118 synthetic diamonds produced in China by high temperature and high pressure method. METHODS The HPHT synthetic diamonds were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and ultra-depth-of-field 3D microscopy, and the dark inclusions in these micro-structures were qualitatively analyzed by laser Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS Three structure types were found. Step-like growth structures with certain angles revealed the crystallographic characteristics of HPHT synthetic diamond poly-crystals. Near-parallel linear scratches reflected the contact relationship between diamond grains in the growth chamber. The 'rope-tied' structures reflected the growth rate of HPHT synthetic diamonds. CONCLUSIONS The micromorphology of these diamond surfaces reflects the growth conditions and environment of HPHT synthetic diamond gradient high temperature and continuous high pressure, which is of significance for the identification of HPHT synthetic diamonds.

BACKGROUND Overgrowth diamond refers to the product of thick CVD synthetic diamond layer grown on a natural diamond with the whole appearance. Since overgrown diamonds contain information on the nitrogen impurities of natural diamonds, traditional synthetic diamond screening methods and testing procedures are no longer applicable to the detection of overgrown diamonds. OBJECTIVE To gemologically test an overgrowth diamond sample in order to investigate the full identification features and to propose the optimum detection strategy. METHODS Minspecting, screening instruments testing, UV-Vis/FTIR/PL spectra examinations, as well as fluorescence and phosphorescence observation under deep UV excitation are carried out. RESULTS The sample cannot be identified by traditional microscopic observation, diamond instrument screening, and infrared spectra measurement. The sample has a distinct boundary that is separated by different luminescence under DiamondViewTM. The upper layer displays red fluorescence and greenish blue phosphorescence, while the lower layer shows deep blue fluorescence and no phosphorescence. Infrared spectroscopic analysis shows that the upper layer is type Ⅱa and the lower layer is type Ⅰa diamond. The UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra confirmed the coexistence of N3 centers and a high level of[Si-V]- defects in the diamond. CONCLUSIONS It was confirmed that the lower part of the sample is natural and the upper part of the sample is CVD synthetic layer with a thickness around 740μm. The first overgrowth diamond reported domestically was compared to the same type of samples reported abroad. The existence of a boundary are missing and the thickness of the CVD layer increased significantly in this sample. The innovative application of the multidirectional luminescence imaging and spectroscopic analyses is the key to laboratory testing of overgrowth diamond.

Research on different types of brown diamonds under high temperature and high pressure and their structural characteristics is one of the most difficult and important issues in diamond research. Previous studies on hydrogen-rich diamond mainly focused on its special growth structure and the formation environment, but rarely on the characteristics of hydrogen-rich diamond after high temperature and high pressure treatment. The spectral characteristics of the hydrogen-rich diamonds before and after high temperature and high pressure treatment, including Infrared Spectra, UV-vis Absorption Spectra, and Photoluminescence Spectra were compared and their identification characteristics were studied. Results show that the spectroscopic features are different for the samples before and after the high temperature and high pressure treatment, epecially for infrared spectra. Absorption peaks related to H and N at 3310 cm-1, 3232 cm-1, 3189 cm-1 weakened obviously or even disappeared. Moreover, the absorption peak at 2688 cm-1 related to isolated nitrogen appeared. In the UV-Vis absorption spectrum, the non-selective absorption in treated brown diamonds became the typical isolated nitrogen absorption, which means that the absorption of 550 nm to shortwave and the absorption of the center of N3 (415 nm) increased obviously. Therefore, the diamond changed from the original brown to yellow. The photoluminescence spectra before and after treatment of diamonds also vary with the types of nitrogen-related defects, peak intensities, and defect combinations. The spectral characteristics obtained not only provide a basis for the accurate identification of yellow, hydrogen-rich diamonds treated by high temperature and high pressure, but also provide a theoretical basis for explaining the change mechanism of hydrogen-and nitrogen-related lattice defects under high temperature.

The research aimed to efficiently prepare zinc caprylate using caprylic acid and zinc sulfate as raw materials and explore its antibacterial effects and mechanisms. The experiment employed a saponification and complex decomposition method to chelate caprylic acid with zinc sulfate to generate zinc caprylate, followed by structural characterization. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were chosen as models, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by a two-fold dilution method to investigate the antibacterial activity of zinc caprylate. The study also examined the impact of zinc caprylate on the cell membrane permeability, biofilm formation, DNA, and protein synthesis of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to elucidate its antibacterial mechanism. The results showed that zinc caprylate had a well-defined crystal structure with uniform particle size. It exhibited strong antibacterial effects against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with the MIC values of 250 and 350 mg/L, respectively, and a stronger inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Zinc caprylate disrupted the cell membrane permeability of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in a time-dependent manner, inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilms, thus exerting antibacterial effects. However, the impact on DNA and protein synthesis in both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was not significant. The study suggests that zinc caprylate demonstrates strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting biofilm formation and disrupting cell membrane permeability. It holds potential as a substitute for antibiotics in livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jade-like cryptocrystalline-microcrystalline vein quartzite is called quartzite jade in the jewel business of China. Color is the main criteria for the value of quartzite jade, and therefore studying the coloration mechanism is very important for the color evaluation index and ore genesis. Previous studies have shown that the accurate information of color causing minerals cannot be acquired. The synchrotron radiation techniques, BL15U1 in SSRF equipped with μ-XRF and μ-XRD at SSRF were used for studying the color causing minerals in vein quartzite and are reported in this paper. It was found that yellow vein quartzite is colored by goethite (characteristic diffraction peaks at 0.49574, 0.41594, 0.26887, 0.25705, 0.25189, 0.24510, 0.21806, 0.17133 nm), whereas red quartzite is colored by hematite (characteristic diffraction peaks at 0.36774, 0.27091, 0.25200 nm). Yellow-red quartzite is colored by both goethite and hematite and hematite has a stronger coloration ability than goethite. This study provides direct data of the color causing minerals in quartzite jade, which is useful for discussing the crystallization conditions and the coloration mechanism, and also helpful for the quality evaluation of quartzite jade.

Natural diamonds commonly contain polymeric nitrogen and have complex growing textures, whereas synthetic diamonds do not contain nitrogen or do contain single nitrogen and have typical growing textures related to the synthetic process. Using these characteristics, natural and synthetic diamonds can be distinguished. However, effective identification on melee-sized diamonds or mounted jewelry is not feasible by conventional instruments. A multi-spectral induced luminescence imaging system, GV5000 has been invented, and is described in this paper. Through improving the excitation light source, the light filter, the device configuration, and testing methods, the fluorescence and phosphorescence features of multiple melee-sized diamonds (≥0.002 ct) can be observed simultaneously. An efficient and precise method to identify colorless melee-sized natural and synthetic diamonds on the basis of the luminescent characteristics has also been established. 9015 samples were analyzed by GV5000 and screening results were checked by infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, 97% of the natural diamonds display blue fluorescence without phosphorescence. Moreover, the luminescence of synthetic diamonds is different from that of natural ones. This new method erases the influences of size and shape of samples and increases the accuracy and efficiency of the identification on melee-sized diamonds. The screening rates of natural and synthetic diamonds are as high as 97% and 100%, respectively.

Melee-sized colorless HPHT synthetic diamonds mixed with natural diamonds in jewellery have been reported by gem testing laboratory. It was noted that the differences of the fluorescence and phosphorescence between natural and synthetic diamonds are the key features for quick screening in mixed diamonds. However, it is difficult to completely distinguish the two only by the differences of fluorescence and phosphorescence. In this paper, 5 colorless gem-quality HPHT synthetic diamonds were systematically investigated and characterized using mutiple spectroscopic techniques, together with traditional gem testing techniques. It was found that 5 samples display no, or weak, 270 nm absorption band at the UV-Vis spectra, and the lower the color grade, the stronger the 270 nm absorption band. Infrared absorption spectra showed that all samples contain boron. The photoluminescence spectra revealed that the colorless HPHT synthetic diamonds contain N, Ni or Si-related lattice defects. Under irradiation of the ultra-short wavelength light, all samples phosphoresced strongly with blue-green color. Typical octahedral and cubic growth patterns can be clearly observed under the DiamondViewTM imaging system. Although there are some differences between the samples, the HPHT synthetic diamonds can be accurately identified through careful analysis combining all features, particularly the spectral charateristics of phosphorescence and fluorescence, FTIR, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectra.

Quartzite jade is composed of α-quartz and another silica phase, moganite, which forms under low pressure and low temperature conditions. At present, there are few studies on the relationship between the relative content of moganite and the crystallinity of quartzite jade. In this study, some quartzite jade samples from four locations in China(Longling, Yunnan province; Huoshan, Anhui province; Hezhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), were analyzed by Raman Scattering Spectroscopy, Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and X-ray Powder Diffraction techniques. The results showed a negative correlation between the relative content of moganite and the crystallinity of quartzite jade. The higher the relative content of moganite, the lower is the crystallinity index of quartzite jade. The relationship of the intensity ratio of 502 cm-1/465 cm-1 in the Raman scattering spectrum and the crystallinity index of quartzite jade, could be expressed by the equation of Y=-0.36X+6.93(the correlation coefficient is-0.94). This research could not only offer some new ideas about qualitatively estimating the crystallinity of quartzite jade by non-destructive testing methods, but also provide some scientific evidence and theoretical restrictions for qualitatively evaluating quartzite jade.

For the modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) porous membrane, it is a simple and effective method to physically blend PVDF casting solution with additives. The research progress of PVDF porous membranes modified by physical blending with different additives in recent years is reviewed. The common types of additives are summarized, including inorganic additives such as silica (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene oxide (GO), etc., and organic additives such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), amphiphilic polymers, etc. It is pointed out that in the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the physical blending of additives and PVDF, optimize the preparation process of physical blending modification, and improve the binding force between additives and membrane matrix, so as to prepare PVDF modified membranes with high stability and excellent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface tension is one of the important physical and chemical parameters of the solid surface, which is closely related to temperature and properties of the phases between the boundaries. Based on the Young function, the contact angle measurement method to calculate the solid surface tension has been widely used in surface science and engineering Comparing to other solid materials with inhomogeneous surface, most gemstones have a smooth surface, making it easy to measure the contact angle. In this study, the contact angle of 15 different types of natural and synthetic gemstones including diamond, moissanite, CZ, tourmaline, topaz, jade, amber. And some coated gemstones and fissure filled gemstones have been measured and compared using a dynamic contact angle testing device (FTA200). It was found that the differences in the contact angle for different types of natural and synthetic gemstones are suitable to be used in gemstone identification. For example, contact angle value of diamond and CZ is 56.68° and 37.79°, respectively. Furthermore, the contact angle values between the gemstone and gems with coating process have significant differences, such as the contact angle value of amber is 92.49°, while coated amber is 66.49°. Due to the limitations of the droplet size control restricted by experimental conditions, the contact angle of the fissure-filled gemstones cannot be measured accurately. Herein, this method is not suitable to identify gemstones with artificial fillings. Research shows that contact angle and surface tension values can be used as the basis of supplementary identification of gem species, especially for coated gems. Compared with the conventional gem identification methods (e.g. Infrared Spectrum, the refractive index measurement), contact angle measurement method has higher measuring accuracy, simple operation without destroying the sample, and conforms to the basic principles of gemstone nondestructive identification, especially for high refractive index gem. Contact angle measurement can solve the detection problems for surface-coated gems and related surface property.

Introducing the WSR system methodology into the shield tunneling project. The construction safety management system of the subway shield construction method was analyzed from the three dimensions of physical W -theory S -human R and the subway shield with humanism as the core was constructed. Law construction safety management evaluation index system. The C-OWA operator is used to objectively combine the index system and the fuzzy construction evaluation model of shield construction is established. Finally this model is used to demonstrate the shield construction project of Qingdao Metro X line. Through the analysis of the evaluation results the corresponding improvement measures are proposed from the three latitudes of physics affairs and humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the efficiency of solar street lamp system, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method was applied to its controller. After the analysis of MPPT principle, specific methods to implement MPPT and drive Buck circuit were proposed. Also, by using AVR Studio program and Multisim and Proteus as the platform, a control system based on ATmega16 was finally built. On the basis of a simulation test that was passed, the experiment was conducted. The results show that the duty cycle of PWM waves is in accordance with the empirical value, which indicates that the solar panel charges the storage battery with maximum power, and the controller charges and discharges the battery in a scientific way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the influence of novel CRM1 inhibitor KPT-330 on the autophagy of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells, and effect of KPT-330 on the prolifiration of MCL cells in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitor., Methods: CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of KPT-330 on MCL cell lines Z-138， Jeko-1， Granta-519， Rec-1. The effect of KPT-330 on autophagy features were determined by detecting acidic vesicular organelles (AVO) by MDC staining under fluorescence microscope and detecting protein expression of LC3B-II assessed by Western blot. Further combined application of lysosomal inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) was used to observe its effect on the increase of LC3B-Ⅱ caused by KPT-330. CalcuSyn 2.0 software was used to detected the Combination index (CI) of KPT-330 combined with CQ., Results: The proliferation of MCL cell lines （Z-138, Jeko-1, Grant-519, Rec-1） could be inhibited by KPT-330 in a dose-dependent manner ( r =0.930, 0.946, 0.691, 0.968 respectively). The number of acidic vesicular organelles (AVO) and the expression of LC3B-II were increased in KPT-330 treated Jeko-1 and Granta-519 cells in a dose-dependent manner ( r Jeko-1 =0.993, r Granta-519 =0.971). LC3B-II protein amounts still increased upon KPT-330 treatment with the existence of lysosomal inhibitor CQ in Jeko-1 and Granta-519 cells, which was higher than CQ or KPT-330 single drug group. The combination of KPT-330 and CQ produced the synergistic effects on cells proliferation inhibition with CalcuSyn 2.0 analysis., Conclusion: KPT-330 can inhibit MCL cell proliferation and induce autophagy. KPT-330 combined with autophagy inhibitor CQ could produce synergistic anti MCL effects, providing experimental basis for clinical combination therapy.

Objective: To explore clinical effects of the stageⅠrepair of full-thickness skin defect at dorsal skin of middle phalanx fingers using artificial dermis combing with digital artery perforator fascial flaps., Methods: From January 2019 to May 2020, 21 patients(27 middle phalanx fingers)with full-thickness skin defect were repaired at stageⅠusing artificial dermis combing with digital artery perforator fascial flaps. All patients were emergency cases, and were accompanied by the exposure of bone tendon and the defects of periosteum and tendon membrane. Among patients, including 11 males and 10 females aged from 18 to 66 years old with an average age of (39.00±8.01) years old;9 index fingers, 10 middle fingers and 8 ring fingers;range of skin defect area ranged from (2.5 to 3.5) cm×(1.5 to 3.0) cm;range of exposed bone tendon area was (1.5 to 2.0) cm×(1.0 to 2.0) cm. The time from admission to hospital ranged from 1 to 6 h, operation time started from 3 to 8 h after injury., Results: All patients were followed up from 6 to12 months with an average of (9.66±1.05) months. The wounds in 26 cases were completely healed at 4 to 6 weeks after operation. One finger has changed into wound infection with incompletely epithelialized dermis, and achieved wound healing at 8 weeks after dressing change. All fingers were plump with less scars. The healed wound surface was similar to the color and texture of the surrounding skin. These fingers have excellent wearability and flexibility. According to the upper limb function trial evaluation standard of Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, the total score ranged from 72 to 100. 26 fingers got excellent result and 1 good., Conclusion: StageⅠrepair of full-thickness skin defect at dorsal skin of middle phalanx fingers using artificial dermis combing with digital artery perforator fascial flaps is easy to operate with less trauma. It has made satisfactory recovery of appearance and function of fingers. It could provide an effective surgical method for clinical treatment of full-thickness skin loss of fingers with tendon and bone exposure.

Soil C, N, and P elements are important components of the forest ecosystem. Studying the influence of exogenous carbon input change on the stoichiometry of the forest soil can reveal the element recycling process and the balanced feedback mechanism of the forest ecosystem. In this study, using the research object of a spruce forest in Tianshan Mountain, the short-term effect of exogenous carbon input on soil C, N, and P in the soil was analyzed through Detritus Input and Removal Treatment (DIRT), and then the interrelationship between soil stoichiometry and other soil physicochemical factors under different treatments was discussed. The results showed that:① the soil C, N, and P contents in most soil layers were the highest double litter (DL) treatment, soil ω (C) by soil depth from shallow to deep was 168.92, 119.88, 103.33, and 64.23 g·kg -1 ; soil ω (N) was 10.60, 9.32, 8.78, and 8.07 g·kg -1 ; soil ω (P) was 0.50, 0.45, 0.37, and 0.36 g·kg -1 ; in the no input (NI) treatment, soil ω (C) by soil depth from shallow to deep was 104.56, 89.24, 48.08, and 43.96 g·kg -1 ; soil ω (N) was 6.83, 2.60, 2.63, and 2.22 g·kg -1 ; soil ω (P) was 0.40, 0.34, 0.32, and 0.22 g·kg -1 ; and a decreased trend was shown with the deepening of the soil layer. Except in the NI treatment, C:N was 0-10 cm and significantly higher than that in other soils ( P <0.05), NL soil C:P at 30-50 cm was significantly higher than that in other soils, and NI soil N:P was 0-10 cm and significantly higher than that in other soils ( P <0.05). ② Microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus were significantly higher from 0-10 cm than that in other soil layers ( P <0.05). ③ Redundancy analysis results showed that soluble organic carbon and microbial nitrogen at different carbon input levels were important factors affecting the stoichiometric characteristics of soil C, N, and P.

Objective: To study the role of Notch-1/Twist-1 axis in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of type II alveolar epithelial cells in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and hope to provide a new theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of PF. Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into control group and bleomycin (BLM) group, 15 rats in each group. The PF rat model was induced by intratracheal injection of BLM (7 500 U/kg). Excised inferior lobe of left lung was fixed in 10% formalin for HE staining, Masson staining and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) immunohistochemistry staining after BLM injection for 28 days. The cultured type II alveolar epithelial cells (RLE-6TN) were divided into 4 groups (Control group, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) group, Notch-1 negative control siRNA (NC siRNA, 100 pmol/L) group and Notch-1 siRNA (100 pmol/L) group), each group was established nine holes. The cells were treated with TGF-β1 (5.0 ng/ml) for 24 h following NC siRNA or Notch-1 siRNA for 48 h. The mRNA and (or) proteins levels of TGF-β1, collagen I, collagen III, E-Cadherin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Vimentin, E-Cadherin, Notch-1, Notch-1 intracellular domain (NICD), Hes-1 and Twist-1 were detected in lung tissue and type II alveolar epithelial cells. Results: In vivo , compared with the control group, the alveolar atrophy, collapse and fusion occurred, alveolar septum widened significantly, and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the pulmonary interstitial of the rats in the BLM group. And compared with control group, BLM obviously increased collagen deposition and collagen I and collagen III expressions, while the expressions of ZO-1 and E-cadherin were decreased, and the expressions of Vimentin and N-cadherin were increased, and concomitantly with increasing Notch-1, NICD, Hes-1 and Twist-1 expression in lung tissues of rats ( P ＜0.01). In vitro , compared with control group, TGF-β1 treatment obviously induced collagen I, collagen III, Notch-1, NICD, Hes-1 and Twist-1 expressions, and the expressions of E-cadherin and ZO-1 were decreased and the expressions of Vimentin and N-cadherin were increased( P ＜0.01). Compared with TGF-β1 group, Notch-1 siRNA treatment significantly inhibited the expressions of Notch-1, NICD, Hes-1 and Twist-1, and the expressions of E-cadherin and ZO-1 were increased and the expressions of Vimentin and N-cadherin were decreased, and also obviously reduced the expressions of collagen I and collagen III induced by TGF-β1 ( P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01). Conclusion: Notch-1/Twist-1 axis is involved in the EMT process of type II alveolar epithelial cells, suggesting that Notch-1/Twist-1 signaling may be involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and to explore its possible mechanism., Methods: A total of 80 patients with CRF were randomized into an observation group and a control group, and finally 67 patients completed the trial (36 patients in the observation group, 31 patients in the control group). Patients in the control group were treated with conventional chemoradiotherapy and symptomatic treatment, while no particular anti-fatigue intervention was adopted. On the basis of treatment in the control group, acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Fengchi (GB 20), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) in the observation group, once a day, 5 times as one course, with 2 days interval between each course, totally 4 courses were required. Before and after treatment, scores of functional assessment of cancer therapy-fatigue (FACT-F) in Chinese and McGill quality of life questionnaire (MQOL), serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and soluble TNF receptor-1 (sTNF-R1) were observed in the two groups., Results: ①Compared before treatment, the FACT-F score was decreased after treatment in the observation group ( P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in the control group ( P <0.05). The change of the FACT-F score in the observation group was larger than that in the control group ( P <0.05). ②In the observation group, scores of physiological and psychological dimension were decreased ( P <0.05), score of social support dimension was increased after the treatment ( P <0.05). The score changes of physiological, psychological and social support dimension in the observation group were larger than those in the control group (all P <0.05). ③After treatment, the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and sTNF-R1 were decreased in the observation group ( P <0.05), while the serum levels of CPR and IL-6 were increased in the control group ( P <0.05). The serum levels of CPR, IL-6 and TNF-α in the observation were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: ①Acupuncture can improve the related symptoms of depression, weakness and headache in patients with CRF, strengthen their cognition of the support from society and family, and boost the confidence in curing the disease. ②Acupuncture can effectively down-regulate serum levels of the relative inflammatory factors, which may be its possible mechanism on treating CRF.

Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Objective: To investigate the effect of minimally invasive mini-incision and instrumented reduction combined with interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treatment of patients with multi-segment fracture of complex femoral shaft., Methods: From January 2013 to January 2016, 32 patients with multiple fractures segments of femoral shaft were treated with instrumentation-assisted reduction combined with interlocking intramedullary nailing, including 22 males and 10 females with an average age of 45 years old ranging 17 to 68 years old. The time from injured to operation was 5 to 10 days with an average of 7 days. After admission, routine tibial tubercle or supracondylar bone traction was performed. The patient's general condition was evaluated, the operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. According to Thorsen femoral fracture morphology evaluation criteria and Hohl knee function evaluation of postoperative efficacy, postoperative fracture healing, complications and postoperative recovery of limb function were observed., Results: All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months with an average of 12 months. The operative time ranged from 48 to 76 minutes with an average of 67 min. The intraoperative blood loss was 150 to 400 ml with an average of 220 ml. The surgical incisions all achieved grade A healing. The fractures reached the clinical standard of healing. The fracture healing time ranged from 4.2 to 10.8 months with an average of 5.7 months. There were no nonunion, incision infection and internal fixation fracture, failure and other complications. According to Thorsen femoral fracture morphology evaluation criteria, the result was excellent in 28 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case. According to Hohl knee function evaluation criteria, the result was excellent in 30 cases, good in 2 cases., Conclusions: Instrument-assisted reduction combined with interlocking intramedullary nail fixation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of complex femoral shaft fractures. It has advantages of small trauma, fixed fixation, quick recovery, early postoperative functional exercise., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2018 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

In recent years, a kind of new seal stone called “Laowo Stone” from Laos has entered the Chinese seal stone market and it has great impact on the market. However the coloration mechanism is unclear. In order to study the coloration mechanism of “Laowo Stone”, red samples were investigated with VIS DRS techniques together with XRD, FTIR and EDXRF. It was found that: the main mineral composition of “Laowo Stone” is dickite, together with small amounts of kaolinite. EDXRF data show that the concentration of the red color has a good relationship with Fe element; the spot with deeper color has higher Fe content. Fe occurs as iron mineral distributed in the dickite particles. The grain size of the muddy iron minerals is extremely small and the content is low, regular micro area study cannot identify the iron mineral. Then we study the samples with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) which is sensitive to iron minerals. The derivative curves of DRS are potentially useful for quantitatively determining hematite and goethite concentration in soils. The main mineral composition of “Laowo Stone” is clay mineral, which is the same as soils. So DRS is used to identify the iron minerals. The first order derivative spectrum has the 565~570 nm peak and the iron mineral was identified to be hematite. Our results confirmed that the red coloration of “Laowo Stone” is caused by tiny hematite crystals distributed within the grain boundaries of dickite particles.

The aim of this study was to explore the expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its relationship with the pathogenesis of ALL, as well as study the difference of the PTTG expression in ALL patients with Ph1 chromosome and without Ph1 chromosome. The mRNA expressions of PTTG in bone marrow from 28 patients with ALL and 28 normal controls were quantitatively detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The results indicated that the expression of PTTG mRNA was significantly higher in ALL patients (1.9428E5 ± 1.8372E5) than that in normal controls (4.5766E3 ± 1.1817E3) (P < 0.05). The expression of PTTG mRNA was higher in Ph1 chromosome positive patients. The initial expression of PTTG mRNA was lower in patients achieved complete remission than that in patients with non-complete remission. It is concluded that the overexpression of PTTG may be related to the progression and genesis of ALL. Overexpression of PTTG may be intimately related to the progression and genesis of Ph1 chromosome positive ALL. It provides a new ideas to research the pathogenesis and genic target treatment of ALL.

Objective: To investigate the applied anatomy of the proximal posterior interrosseous artery perforator flap (PIAP) and report the clinical results of repairing the soft tissue defects in hands., Methods: Between September 2007 and January 2011, 21 patients with 24 soft tissue defects in hands were repaired with the free proximal PIAP flap transplantation. The size of the flaps ranged from 2.0 cm x 1.5cm to 7cm x 5cm. The longest length of these flaps was 9 cm. 9 flaps were dissected with one additional superficial vein to anastomose with the superficial vein at the recipient sites., Results: 19 flaps survived completely. Bubbles and violet color happened in 4 flaps which survived finally after partial suture removal. Flap necrosis occurred in one flap. The clinical results were satisfactory after 6-25 months of following-up, and the scars at the donor sites were not obvious., Conclusions: The free PIAP flaps have constant, reliable blood supply, and good texture. It is a good option for repairing soft-tissue defects in the hands.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of free descending genicular artery perforator flaps in the soft tissue defects at extremities., Methods: Ten fresh cadavers were injected with lead oxide-gelatin mixture for three-dimensional visualization reconstruction using a 16-slice spiral computed tomography scanner and specialized volume-rendering software ( Materiaise's interactive medical image control system, MIMICS). The origin, course and distribution of the perforators in the thigh and leg region were observed. 11 patients with skin defects at the distal part of extremities were treated. The flap size ranged from 5 cm x 8 cm to 6 cm x 15 cm. Six flaps were pedicled with the descending genicular artery and the others were pedicled with the perforator of the descending genicular artery. All flaps were transferred by end to end anastomosis. RESULTS The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 18 months. All the flaps survived. The appearance and texture of the flaps were good with sensory recovery of S3., Conclusions: Free descending genicular artery perforator flap has a reliable blood supply and suitable thickness for the treatment of soft tissue defects at extremities. The technique is easily performed with reliable results.

Objective: To evaluate the value of normalization window of tumor vasculature (NWTV) in patients with unresectable gastric cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy., Methods: From October 2010 to March 2011, 93 patients with unresectable advanced or locally advanced gastric carcinoma were prospectively collected and randomly divided to Group A(n=30), Group B(n=29), and Group C(n=34). Group A received FOLFOX4 as conventional neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Group B received FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab. The treatment was adjusted in Group C according to the hypothesis of NWTV with neoadjuvant chemotherapy delivered 5 days after bevacizumab treatment. The efficacy, drug toxicity and clinical outcome were assessed and compared between the three groups., Results: There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in demographics(P>0.05). All the patients completed the neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Efficacy and toxicity between the three groups were comparable(P>0.05). The rates of tumor downstaging in the three groups were 56.7%(17/30), 72.4%(21/29), 85.3%(29/34), respectively, with a significantly lower downstaging rate in Group C as compared to Group A(P<0.05). R0 resection rates were 23.3%(7/30), 27.6%(8/29), 52.9% (18/34), respectively, with significantly higher R0 resection rate in Group C as compared to Group A and Group B(All P<0.05). There was no perioperative death in this cohort. Postoperative complications were comparable among the 3 groups(P>0.05)., Conclusions: Anti-angiogenesis agent can improve the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in unresectable gastric cancer. Furthermore, administration according to NWTV may achieve better outcomes.

Objective: To explore the relationship between degradation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA in the mouse liver and postmortem interval (PMI)., Methods: Sixty NIH mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and suffocation, and then placed into 10 degrees C and 25 degrees C temperature-controlling systems. The changes of GAPDH mRNA in the liver were detected by two-step fluorimetric reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique and nucleic acids protein cryoscope from 0 to 48 h postmortem., Results: In the mouse liver, the amplification products of GAPDH mRNA could be examined within 48 h postmortem in 10 degrees C temperature-controlling system and within 36 h postmortem in 25 degrees C temperature-controlling system. The amplification products showed a decreasing tendency., Conclusion: Degradation of GAPDH mRNA in the mouse liver is negative correlation with PMI. GAPDH mRNA could be a new marker for estimation of PMI.

The aim of study was to explore the expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene (pttg) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its relationship with the pathogenesis of AML, simultaneously to investigate the difference of the pttg expression among AML different subtypes. The expressions of pttg mRNA were quantitatively detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in bone marrow from 47 patients with AML and 28 normal controls. The results indicated that the expression of pttg mRNA was significantly higher in AML patients [(1.1323 ± 1.3934) × 10(5)] than that in normal controls [(4.5766 ± 1.1817) × 10(3)] (p < 0.05). The expression of pttg mRNA was higher in M(3) patients than that in other AML subtypes, such as M(1), M(2), M(4), M(5). It is concluded that the overexpression of pttg may be related to the pathogenesis and progression of AML, in which the overexpression of pttg may be more intimately related to the pathogenesis and progression of M(3). This study provides a new idea to research the pathogenesis and targeted gene therapy of AML.

This study was purposed to explore the clinical application of mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytosis. The clinical applications of 3 platelet routine laboratory parameters (MPV, PDW, P-LCR) and LDH were examined in 1048 patients with thrombocytosis-related diseases: reactive thrombocytosis (RT), chronic myeloproliferative disease (CMPD) including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to predict the cause of thrombocytosis. The results indicated that there were significant differences in MCV, PDW, P-LCR and LDH level between RT and CMPD groups (p < 0.05). The area under ROC curve of PDW and P-LCR for prediction of CMPD were 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93 - 0.99) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84 - 0.95) respectively, and whose optimal cut-off value was 11.95%and 23.05% respectively. Three types of CMPD were characterized as follows: high P-LCR and high LDH level in chronic myeloid leukemia, whose optimal cut-off value was 424 U/L and 26.10% respectively; slightly high LDH level and high Plt count in ET, the optimal cut-off value of Plt was 939 x 10⁹/L. In conclusion, these characteristics of MPV, PDW, P-LCR and LDH levels may be useful for simple and primary differential diagnosis of the thrombocytosis-related disease mentioned above.

This study was purposed to investigate the relation of the Notch signaling pathway to senescence of murine bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Intracellular domain of Notch 1 (ICN) was transfected into cultured murine bone marrow stromal cells by lipofectamine transfection. After transfection for three days the proliferation of transfected cells was measured by MTT, cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of senescence associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) positive cells were measured by cytochemical method, and the expression rates of P53 and p21Cip1/Waf1 at gene and protein levels were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The results showed that after transfection for 3 days the proliferation of murine bone marrow stromal cells was inhibited with induction of G1 arrest, the percentage of SA-beta-gal positive cells increased and the p53 and p21Cip1/Waf1 mRNA and protein expression levels were upregulated. It is concluded that the activated Notch signaling can induce premature senescence of bone marrow stromal cells through the p53-p21Cip1/Waf1 pathway.

Objective: To investigate the mechanical characteristics of new anatomic plate of distal tibia from view of biomechanics., Methods: Twelve fresh adult moist ankle specimens were randomly divided into four block groups (every group had 3 specimens), 3 tibial specimens as a normal control (normal group N), 9 specimens were resulted in unstable distal tibial Pilon fracture. Using steel plate fixation with a new anatomic distal tibial plate (group A), reconstruction plate (group B), clover plate (group C). Group B and group C as control group to test the remote axial compressive strength, remote axial stiffness, reversing biomechanical properties, contacted characteristics of the tibial astragaloid articular surface., Results: The remote axial compressive strength, remote axial stiffness, reversing biomechanical properties, contacted characteristics of tibial astragaloid articular surface the in distal tibial Pilon fracture instability of group A were near normal group N (P>0.05). Group A was best than group B and C (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The new anatomic plate of distal tibia was relatively strong, which can reach effective and stable fixation for unstable distal tibial Pilon fracture.

Objective: To investigate the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in the brains of patients with glioblastoma and its association with brain edema., Methods: Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and western blot tests were performed to detect the expression of AQP4 in the brain tumors and the adjacent tissues in 30 patients with glioblastoma. The association between AQP4 and the extent of brain edema was analysed., Results: The AQP4 immunoreactive cells were mainly astrocytes in the brains, which were extensively distributed in the intracytoplasm. Higher expressions of AQP4 were found in the brain tumors and adjacent tissues in the patients with glioblastoma than in the normal controls (P<0.05). More AQP4 were distributed in the tumor adjacent tissues than in the tumors (P<0.05). The AQP4 was positively correlated with the extent of brain edema., Conclusion: AQP4 overexpress in the brain tumors and adjacent tissues, which is associated with the extent of brain edema. Cytotoxic and vasogenic edemas may coexist in the cerebral edema induced by glioblastoma.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of combining human patient simulator (HPS) drivers with micro-division teaching during primary resident training by George Miller' medical education step-wised principle of goal and competence., Method: The 20 residents from department of anesthesia who are less than 3 years in clinical training were randomized into two Groups. The all residents in Group T received HPS training, and no HPS training in Group N. In simulation system, we designed 8 programmed critical and emergency events. We disassembled and quantified the programmed design and training process with Micro-division teaching principle. The training mode was run by test-feedback-self-analysis-instructor guide-summarize-re-practice-retest. The feedback assessment from all residents were collected after finishing HPS training., Results: The training score in Group T was much higher than Group N (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The training mode with HPS is an accessory teaching means because it can improve clinical thinking and skill training of primary resident.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of radiation induced premature senescence of bone marrow stromal cells induced by gamma-radiation., Methods: Bone marrow stromal cells were isolated from the bones of mice, cultured, and divided into 2 groups: control group and irradiation group. The cells of the irradiation group were exposed to 60Co gamma-rays of the dose of 8.0 Gy. 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks after irradiation MTT method was used to test the proliferation of the cells, Giemsa staining was used to observe the morphology, the percentage of cells positive in beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal), a senescence associated biomarker, was detected by cytochemistry, and RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of p21(Cip1/Waf1) and p53 gene, both associated with senescence. One week after the irradiation flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution., Results: Characteristics of mature senescence were seen in the cells of the irradiation group. One week after the irradiation the percentage of G0/G1 of the irradiation group was 89.83% +/- 0.05%, significantly higher than that of the control group (66.95% +/- 0.36%, P < 0.01). 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks after irradiation the percentages of SA-beta-gal positive cells in the irradiation group were 20.33% +/- 0.03%, 34.33% +/- 0.03%, 86.33% +/- 0.02%, and 95.67% +/- 0.02% respectively, significantly higher than those of the control group (2.33% +/- 0.006%, 14.33% +/- 0.02%, 24.67% +/- 0.02%, and 45.00% +/- 0.02% respectively, all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression of p53 and p21(Cip1/Waf1) mRNA expressions in the irradiation group increased 24 h after the irradiation and lasted for two weeks., Conclusion: Gamma-radiation induces changes of premature senescence in bone marrow stromal cells in which p53-p21(Cip1/Waf1) manner pathways may play an important role.

Objective: To investigate the anti-lymphoma effect of Prunella vulgaris L. in order to offer exprimental data for the treatment of lymphoma with Prunella vulgaris L. in clinic., Methods: Effect of Prunella vulgaris L. injection on inhibition ratio of cell growth of Raji cells and IC50 were tested by MTT assay. The growth curve line of Raji cells was drawn also by MTT assay. The cellular morphology was observed by invert microscope, Giemas staining and MTT assay. The expression of apoptosis related protein bcl-2, bax was measured by immunocytochemistry and the quantitative analysis was made with figure analysis system., Results: 1. Prunella vulgaris L. could obviously suppress the cell proliferation of Raji cells in a concentration-dependent manner (r = 0.97). The IC50 was 0.118 mg/ml. 2. After Raji cells was reacted with injection of Prunella vulgaris L. (50 mg/ml) , the morphlogical of apoptosis were observed by invert microscope, Giemsa staining and MTT assay., Results: The results of immunocytochemistry showed that after Raji cells were treated by the injection of Prunella vulgaris L. (50 mg/ml) for 48 hours, the expression of bcl-1 was up-regulated, and the expression of bax was down-regulated. The differences between process group and control group were significant (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Prunella vulgaris L. can suppress the proliferation of Raji cells and may be a new anti-lymphoma drug. Inducing the apoptosis of Raji cells maybe one of anti-lymphoma mechanisms.

Objective: To introduce clinical and mechanism studies about treatment of depression by acupuncture and moxibustion in recent years., Methods: Review was made from clinical controls, mechanism studies and animal experiments., Conclusion: Acupuncture and moxibustion have definite therapeutic effect on depression, with less adverse effects, but some problems in clinical and mechanism studies remain to be resolved.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) triple-head coincidence imaging in the setting of suspected lung cancer., Methods: 109 patients with suspected lung cancer were enrolled in the present study. According to the diameter of the lesion (> 1.5 cm, 1.5 cm, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 98% (81/83)), 63% (10/16) and 92% (91/99), respectively. While for the group of lesion diameter

Objective: To investigate the preservation of laryngeal function for the patients with hypopharyngeal cancer., Methods: Two hundred and ninety-three cases of hypopharyngeal cancer with surgical management were reviewed retrospectively, and 222 cases were originated from pyriform sinus, 13 from post-cricoid, and 21 from posterior pharyngeal wall. Radiotherapy (37 cases), operation only (56 cases) and the combined treatment (operation plus radiation or chemotherapy, 200 cases) were adopted. 159 cases were treated with function preserved laryngectomy and 97 with total laryngectomy., Results: The 5 year survival rates of patient with laryngeal function preserved and no laryngeal function preserved were 51.3%, 47.6% (for stage III); 40.4%, 43.3% (for stage IV), respectively. There were no significant differences in 5-year survival between the functionally preserved group and no functioned group (P > 0.05). The analysis of survival rates revealed a significant difference between combined therapy and radiotherapy., Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the survive rates of function preserved and non-preserved groups. Conservation laryngectomy improves the quality of patient's life, and combined therapy is the best choice for hypopharyngeal cancer.