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Urban, agricultural, and ecological spaces, collectively referred to as the "three types of space," are central elements in China's Territorial and Spatial Planning reforms. These spaces are crucial in bridging the National Main Functional Area Planning and regional coordinated development strategies at a higher level and in guiding land-use control at a lower level. The Pearl River Basin is one of China's most important economic development regions. This basin serves as a crucial region for the case study of evolution of the "three types of space." Understanding this evolution is critical for aligning regional land use with national strategic objectives and optimizing the coordinated development of these spatial elements. Using the National Main Functional Area Planning strategy as a starting point, this study applied a cross-conversion matrix and a multiscale geographically weighted regression model to analyze the evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of the "three types of spaces" in the Pearl River Basin from 1990 to 2020. Three main results were obtained. First, over the past 30 years, urban space in the Pearl River Basin has expanded considerably, ecological space has slightly increased, but agricultural space has significantly decreased, with marked spatial differences in the evolution of the "three types of spaces" across the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the basin. Agricultural space has fully decreased across all reaches, converting to urban space in the lower reaches and reverting to ecological space in the upper and middle reaches. Second, within different national functional zones, urban space growth is most pronounced in urbanized areas, ecological space recovery is significant in ecological functional zones, and agricultural space has remarkably decreased in major agricultural production areas. Third, the driving factors for the different evolution directions of the "three types of spaces" in the Pearl River Basin vary. Industrial development has significantly driven the expansion of urban spaces, whereas ecological protection policies have effectively promoted the restoration of ecological spaces in key ecological areas. These findings effectively reveal the land-use evolution process in China's socioeconomic development regions over the past 40 years, highlight the risks and influencing factors of rapid urban space development and ecological space threats, and provide an important reference for optimizing land-use patterns in similar key regions of China.

【Objective】Aiming at the problems of low spectral efficiency and limited system throughput in Optical Quadrature Spatial Modulation (OQSM), a Signed Optical Quadrature Spatial Modulation (SOQSM) scheme is proposed in Free Space Optical Communication (FSOC) in this paper. In addition, in view of the fact that the channel used in the performance analysis of OQSM is not suitable for all turbulence, this paper also adopts the Málaga channel, which is suitable for all turbulence intensities to analyze the bit error performance of the system.【Methods】First, the scheme divides the input binary bit stream into five parts at the sending end. The first part is used for constellation symbol mapping, and the last four parts are used for laser mapping. Then, the constellation symbol mapping is used to transmit the real and imaginary parts of the constellation symbol and its inverse symbol. The laser mapping is divided into two parts, the in-phase phase and the quadrature phase, which are used to activate the laser sequence mapping. Finally, after transmitting through the channel, the signal received and processed at the receiving end.【Results】Compared with OQSM, SOQSM carries an additional2log2Nt bits of information in the space domain within a transmission period. The upper bound of the average bit error rate is then calculated in the symbol domain and the space domain respectively. Finally, the upper bound of the average bit error rate of the SOQSM scheme is obtained, and the method of calculating the upper bound of the average bit error rate has good convergence. This solution greatly improves the spectral efficiency and transmission rate of the system, and has good bit error rate performance.【Conclusion】The Monte Carlo simulation results show that compared with Optical Spatial Modulation (OSM) and OQSM, the bit error performance of the SOQSM scheme is better when the spectral efficiency is the same. The bit error rate can reach 10-6 when the signal-to-noise ratio is 16dB. When the modulation order is the same, the bit error performance of SOQSM is better, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio is high. It is also shown that the simulation and theory fit well. In the Málaga channel, the bit error rate performance of the weak turbulence is better. In addition, different turbulence intensities have little influence on the trend of the bit error rate performance of the SOQSM scheme. However, with the increase of the signal-to-noise ratio, the influence will gradually increase. Therefore, SOQSM has better bit error rate performance than OQSM and OSM.

Based on the new energy power prediction data with the highest probability of occurrence to check the security and stability of the deterministic dispatching plan, the conclusion is quite different from the actual situation of the power grid. In order to improve the adaptability of the results, a security and stability checking method of dispatching plan considering uncertainty of new energy is proposed. Based on the quantitative assessment results of the safety and stability of traditional deterministic dispatching plan, a safety and stability margin minimization model with confidence interval constraints on the predicted power of new energy stations is constructed to realize effective identification of high-risk planning modes. Based on the active power sensitivity, the equivalence aggregation and uncertainty variable dimensionality reduction of new energy stations are carried out to improve the efficiency of the security and stability margin minimization model. Based on the parallel processing platform, the multi-mode grouping parallel security check of the dispatching plan is carried out. The results of security and stability check considering the uncertainty of new energy power prediction are obtained. The proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy and timeliness of the security and stability check of the high-proportion new energy grid dispatching plan. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an actual grid case.

[Objective] To scientifically understand the spatio-temporal evolution process and formation mechanism of urban space, agricultural space and ecological space in Qinling-Daba Mountain area is the key to promote the overall coordination of the national spatial development pattern and the rise of the central and western regions, and it is also an urgent need for high-quality transformation and development of the region. [Methods] Based on the methods of spatial transfer matrix, topographic location analysis and random forest regression, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of Qinba Mountain region during 2000—2020 were studied from two dimensions of “pattern scale-topographic location”. [Results] (1) In the past 20 years, the cities and towns in the Qinba Mountain area expanded dramatically, and the agricultural and ecological space continued to shrink. While the population of 58.33% of the counties decreased, the urban land was still expanding, and the “total population and urban size” showed a serious polarization. (2) The phenomenon was characterized by urban and agricultural space “climbing up the hills”, while ecological space “descended into the valleys”. The newly added urban and agricultural space was moved up 1 to 2 topographic positions on average. The dam elevation project of Danjiangkou Reservoir downstream had a significant impact on the overall spatial distribution gradient of the mountainous areas. (3) The dynamic adjustment and replacement of “agricultural space to ecological space” was the leading type of transformation in Qinba Mountain area, and the influence of fiscal expenditure was the most significant. Agricultural space was the main source of new towns, and the scale of urban degradation into agricultural and ecological space was significant in Qinba mountain area. (4) Land development policies, mountain terrain attributes, traffic location conditions and social and economic factors jointly restrict and affect the results of territorial spatial evolution in Qinba Mountain area, and there were obvious differences in the effect intensity and the number of significant factors of various types of factors in different conversion directions. [Conclusion] Promoting the concentration of new towns to the key development zones, scientifically guiding agricultural and ecological space to conform to the topographic gradient layout, carefully carrying out water conservancy project construction, and planning the overall regional layout of the “Three districs and Three lines” will have a positive impact on the optimization of territorial spatial pattern in Qinba Mountain area.

The study of energy recovery from underground coal gasification (UCG) with different gas injection methods is conducive to the development of a more efficient UCG process. Various UCG modeling experiments were designed and implemented for fixed and mobile gas injection points, the total gasification coal consumption and rate were calculated based on stoichiometry and carbon balance method, and the effects of the two gas injection processes on the composition and calorific value of the gas were compared and analyzed. On this basis, the changes in gas production per unit of coal and effective gas composition under different gas injection methods were analyzed, and the energy recovery rates of the two gas injection process experiments were evaluated. The results show that increasing the net O2 injection flow rate can improve the gas calorific value decay in the fixed injection point experiment, but the promotion effect of increasing the net O2 injection flow rate on the gasification reaction decreased with the expansion of the gasification cavity. By increasing the net O2 injection flow rate three times, the calorific value of gas was increased by 2.01, 1.27 and 1.10 MJ/m3, respectively, and the gasification efficiency (the ratio of the calorific value of the gas to the heat of combustion of carbon) was increased by 14.64%, 9.45% and 7.73%, respectively. Moving the position of the gas injection point can achieve a short-time rapid recovery of the calorific value of the gas and the gasification efficiency. Moving the position of the gas injection point four times, each time the moving distance was 300 mm, the calorific value of the gas was increased by 2.95, 3.32, 3.37 and 2.54 MJ/m3, respectively, and the gasification efficiency was increased by 17.99%, 21.04%, 27.88%, and 13.92%. The two gas injection process experiments respectively gasified 72.49 kg and 91.47 kg of coal, and the average coal consumption rate was 0.97 and 1.27 kg/h. The gasification efficiency and coal consumption rate showed a synchronous mutation, and this phenomenon was more obvious after changing the injection conditions of the gasifier and moving the position of the gas injection point, which indicated that there was a certain relationship between the gasification efficiency and the coal consumption rate. Compared with the fixed gas injection point experiment, moving the location of the gas injection point can effectively improve the gasification effect, and the effective gas composition and gasification efficiency was increased by 12.5% and 23.23%, respectively, under the same gasifier injection conditions.

Hands-on education is of great importance for undergraduate students studying Space Physics. In recent years, the School of Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Science and Technology of China has conducted extensive undergraduate summer professional practical education based on the advantages of the Chinese Meridian Project's chain observation. Teachers guide students in learning about the processing and analysis of observation data, take them to the Chinese Meridian Project sites, and thoroughly explain to them the numerous facets of practical education. Students learn many detecting technologies, including optical, radio, and magnetic fields, as well as the concepts of various instruments used for detection, as well as how to use scientific data and research tools and visualize the change characteristics of the near-Earth space environment during space weather events through data analysis. Finally, the students conducted a summary report of their practical education. Through participating in space physics practical education, students truly engage in scientific research, successfully overcoming the "anxiety" of initial attempts at scientific research. This not only improves their practical abilities and scientific literacy such as independent learning and teamwork but also broadens their horizons and establishes a foundation for further understanding of Space Physics.

Contamination of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in food substrates can negatively influence food quality and threaten food safety. The application of physicochemical antimicrobial strategies can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms, but may also cause irreversible negative effects on food quality. Some antagonistic yeasts alone or combined with antimicrobial agents can effectively control harmful microorganisms. This review systematically and comprehensively summarizes the existing literature on the antimicrobial effects and mechanisms of yeasts and their derivatives from the above two aspects. The sources, species and mechanism of action of antagonistic yeasts as well as their antimicrobial effects when combined with other antimicrobial technologies are discussed. Additionally, the advantages and limitations of yeast as a natural drug carrier combined with various chemical antimicrobial agents are analyzed. This review aims to provide a scientific reference for developing new yeast-based antimicrobial agents, which will be helpful in improving food quality and ensuring food microbial safety.

Objective·To compare the relationship between sternal cortical thickness ratio and bone mineral density in adult emergency inpatients with chest CT plain scan, and evaluate the diagnostic ability of sternal cortical thickness ratio for osteopenia and osteoporosis.Methods·The bone density was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in hospitalized patients collected in the adult emergency ward of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from November 2020 to October 2022, and the patients were diagnosed as normal bone mass, osteopenia, or osteoporosis according to the bone density. The patients were grouped based on age (>65 years old, ≤65 years old) and osteoporosis status. The sternal cortical thickness ratio measured at the level of tracheal bifurcation in the chest CT scan image of each group was analyzed. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the sternal cortical thickness ratio and bone mineral density. The sternal cortical thickness ratio was used to diagnose the osteopenia and the osteoporosis, and the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to obtain the best cut-off value. The diagnostic efficacy of the sternal cortical thickness ratio in the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis was analyzed.Results·A total of 198 patients were included in the study, including 78 patients with normal bone mass, 66 patients with osteopenia, and 54 patients with osteoporosis. Among patients aged >65 years old (n=115), the proportion of female patients and the age of patients in the osteoporosis group were significantly higher than those in the normal bone mass group (all P0.05). Whether in patients >65 years old or ≤65 years old, the sternal cortical thickness ratio in the normal bone mass group was higher than that in the osteopenia group and the osteoporosis group, and the sternal cortical thickness ratio in the osteopenia group was higher than that in the osteoporosis group (all P65 years old, the diagnostic accuracy rate of male patients in the normal bone mass group was higher than that in the osteopenia group and the osteoporosis group, and the diagnosis misdiagnosis rate in the osteoporosis group was lower than that in the normal bone mass group and the osteopenia group; In patients ≤65 years old, the diagnostic accuracy rate of male patients in the osteoporosis group was higher than that in the normal bone mass group and the osteopenia group, and the diagnosis misdiagnosis rate in the normal bone mass group was lower than that in the osteopenia group and the osteoporosis group.Conclusion·The sternal cortical thickness ratio in both male and female patients is positively correlated with bone mineral density, and the sternal cortical thickness ratio has good diagnostic efficacy for osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is a selective RNA-binding protein that is highly expressed in neurons and influences cytoskeletal remodeling, cell-cell signal transduction and interactions. Patients with fragile X syndrome display FMRP deficiency and a lower risk of cancers. However, the specific function of FMRP and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Evidence indicates the involvements of FMRP in multiple processes of malignant development, including tumor cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis. In addition, FMRP is associated with the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumors. In this paper, we review the progress on the role of FMRP in the pathogenesis of tumors, exploring more potential biomarkers of tumors and new therapeutic targets.

During the underground coal gasification process, the thermal stress produced at high temperatures will lead to coal cracking, which may cause gas leakage. Therefore, a real-time monitoring and regularity research of coal cracking is of significance for the long-term and stable operation of underground coal gasification systems. Acoustic emission (AE) technology is used to monitor coal fracturing activity in experimental models of different gasification channel types (coaxial gasification channel, coaxial gasification channel with bottom cross-hole, and V-type connection hole gasification channel). Based on the monitoring results, the influences of different operating parameters (gasification agent components and flow rates) and gasification channel types on coal fracturing activity and gasification area expansion are studied. Then, the crack distribution model constructed by moment tensor analysis is used to quantitatively analyze the crack position, type, and direction at the source of the AE during gasification, so as to study and predict the damage and destruction of coal during gasification. The study results show that: there is a strong correlation between the actual temperature change in the gasifier and the AE events, and an increase in temperature in the range of 0−750 ℃ will lead to an increase in the AE events. The located AE sources in the experiment can accurately represent the position of coal fractures, and the expansion range of the gasification area can be predicted by monitoring the overall distribution of the AE sources. The gasification area of the coaxial hole model mainly expands to both sides, while the gasification area of the V-shaped connecting hole model mainly expands along the direction of airflow. Higher oxygen concentration and gas flow at temperatures below the critical oxidation zone temperature (900 ℃) significantly promote the expansion of the gasification zone. The crack distribution model based on the moment tensor analysis can effectively help to study the fracture law of coal during underground coal gasification. The results of crack distribution model show that the tensile failure dominates the destruction of the coal mass during gasification. The overall direction of crack aggregation is close to the stratification direction of the coal seam. In addition, the results of crack location distribution show that the crack initiation and propagation activities are active in the reduction zone.

ObjectiveTo examine the financial toxicity (FT) of cancer care among cancer patients covered by urban customized supplementary medical insurance (customized insurance) and its influencing factors for providing evidence to the optimization of customized insurance and the development of FT-related intervention measures. MethodsUsing random sampling and a self-designed questionnaire, we conducted telephone interviews among 600 registered cancer patients with customized insurance and ever attending local public hospitals for medication after December 2020 during July – August 2021 in a city. The Comprehensive Scores for Financial Toxicity (COST) scale was adopted to assess FT of cancer treatment. The influencing factors of FT were analyzed with stepwise multivariate linear regression model. ResultsFor the 560 participants finally included in the analysis, the COST score was 17.90 ± 8.01 and the number (proportion) of the participants with the scores indicating mild, moderate, and severe FT were 89 (15.89%), 307 (54.82%), and 164 (29.29%), respectively. The results of regression analysis showed that the participants with following characteristics were more likely to have a lower COST score indicating severe FT: with agricultural residence registration, aged 45 – 59 years, having an out-of-pocket medication expenditure of 10 000 Chinese Yuan (CNY) and more in the past year, ever borrowing money for cancer treatment in the past year, and abandoning treatment due to financial difficulties in the past year; while, the participants with other commercial health insurance in addition to customized insurance, having a total household income of 100 000 CNY and more in the past year, having a total household consumption expenditure of 100 000 CNY and more in the past year, and having been hospitalized 1 – 4 times for cancer treatment in the past year were more likely to have a higher COST score indicating mild FT. ConclusionFT of cancer is common among cancer patients covered by customized insurance in a Chinese city and the prevalence of FT is impacted by sociodemographic factors and family financial factors, suggesting that effective intervention on FT needs to be carried out in various ways.

Objective To investigate the expression of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in Chinese patients with malignant melanoma and its correlation with hematologic ratios. Methods Lesional skin samples were collected from 23 Chinese with malignant melanoma (melanoma group), and skin samples from 10 normal subjects served as controls (normal skin group). The expression of FMRP was observed using immunohistochemical(IHC) staining, and two scoring methods (H-Score and IRS) were used to evaluate the expression levels. The relationship between FMRP and different pathological grades and stages of malignant melanoma was assessed. The association of FMRP with some hematological ratios, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and systemic inflammatory markers (SIM) in patients with malignant melanoma were analyzed. Results The expression levels of FMRP in the melanoma were significantly higher than that in the normal skin (P0.05). Expression levels of FMRP were positively correlated with NLR and SIM, while negatively correlated with LMR. Conclusions FMRP is highly expressed in cutaneous malignant melanoma and its expression levels are significantly correlated with NLR, SIM, and LMR.

In view of the requirements of air defense equipment system construction and equipment development, take the air attack/anti air attack operation in the Russia-Ukraine military conflict in February 2022 as an example to analyze the key factors that affect the countermeasure effect, such as the attacker’s electronic jamming effect, the cruise missile penetration height, and the defender’s air defense and anti-missile weapon performance. Three exploratory experimental schemes are designed by using exploratory analysis combined with simulation. The influence of the above factors on the hit quantity of tactical ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and other munitions of the attacking side is quantitatively analyzed through simulation, and the development suggestions of the defense’s air defense and anti-missile equipment system, such as networked operations, integrated air defense and anti-missile are put forward, providing reference for the development, system construction and application of air defense and missile defense equipment.

BackgroundThe amount of gaseous tritium stored and released in fusion reactor is higher than that in current fission reactors, so that tritium is an important source of potential radioactivity in fusion reactor.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the environmental impact of gas tritium emission from fusion reactor for achieving the safety and environmental friendliness of fusion reactor in the future.MethodsTypical factory sites along the eastern coast of China with the highest frequency east wind direction was selected as the research object, and the Gauss model was employed to predict the atmospheric dispersion of gaseous tritium release and the dry deposition of tritium gas (HT), soil oxidation and re-evaporation of HTO. The radiation dose of 1 g HT in the case of short-term released from fusion reactor to the public in the surrounding environment was calculated.ResultsCalculation results show that the effective dose of inhalation internal irradiation of HT released at 10 m height for adults at 500~3 000 m west of the release point ranges from 0.38 mSv to 0.1 mSv. The dose caused by the re-evaporation effect of HTO at different distances is the main source of the dose of gaseous tritium. The proportion of the HT deposited to soil being oxidized to HTO and the atmosphere condition are the key parameter determining the effective dose of the tritium gas.ConclusionsThe study shows that the effective dose of HT released from fusion reactor to public is higher than which released from fission reactor, hence further attention to the environmental impact of the tritium is needed in the research on the fusion reactor subsequently.

Psammosilene tunicoides is an important ethnic medicine in Southwest China and the main raw material for Chinese patent medicines like Yunnan Baiyao. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the pathogenic fungus of root rot of Psammosilene tunicoides in Yunnan. In this study, the disease-health junction of the root tissue of diseased plant was isolated and purified by pure culture method to obtain the main pathogenic microorganisms of P. tunicoides. Pathogenicity of isolated pathogenic microorganisms was analyzed the according to Koch’s Postulates, and then were identified by morphological observation, rDNA-ITS and TEF-1α sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree construction. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 85 strains of fungi were obtained, among which PSD-1, PSD-2 and PSD-3 of Fusarium fungi caused root rot of Psammosilene tunicoides. (2) These three strains were re-inoculated into the P. tunicoides, which produced similar disease symptoms occurred with field plants, and the disease incidences after inoculation with pathogenic fungi were 60%, 61.7% and 71.7%, respectively. (3) Combined with morphological observation and gene sequence analysis, the three strains were identified as Fusarium oxysporum. This study firstly found that the F. oxysporum was one of the main pathogenic fungi causing root rot of Psammosilene tunicoides. The results of this study lay a foundation for the in-depth exploration of the endophytic flora with biological control of root rot and its mechanism, and serve as a theoretical basis for the follow-up prevention and control of the disease.

For the problem that the end-to-end delay of the service function chain (SFC) cannot meet the demand of delay-sensitive applications in 5G environment, a variable granularity service function chain mapping (VG-SFCM) algorithm based on microservice architecture was proposed by splitting the traditional virtualized network function (VNF) into mapping units of varying granularity.Firstly, the traditional coarse-grained VNF was decoupled into fine-grained microservice units, and then the instantiation of microservice units was reduced through the consolidation of redundant microservice units within SFC and the reuse of microservice units between SFC, thus reducing the processing time of SFC.The simulation results show that the algorithm reduces the end-to-end delay of SFC by 14.81% compared to the traditional mapping algorithm while reducing the average deployment network cost.

Taking Huangtukeng Coal Mine in Fujian Province as the research object, using network parallel electrical method technology, this paper expounds Levenberg Marquardt inversion principle and model construction from the perspective of three-dimensional detection data processing, and implements resistivity data inversion by introducing smooth constraint model and adaptive adjustment of damping factor, thus, the spatial distribution of apparent resistivity in different depth detection abnormal areas under the floor of the coal mining face are obtained. The results show that there are six relatively low resistivity anomaly areas in the detection area, and the water-richness is half strong and half weak, among which Dz1, Dz2 and Dz6 are weak; Dz3, Dz4 and Dz5 are strong, showing the characteristics of the water-richness of stronger in shallow than in deep, stronger in the north and weaker in the south, which is consistent with the drilling verification results and has high reliability.

The comprehensive development of marine ranching is of great significance to the development of China′s marine economy, which can effectively protect the marine ecological environment. Starting from the three dimensions of ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit of the output of marine ranching, this paper constructed an evaluation index system for the marine ranching project in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, and used the entropy method to conduct empirical research and analyze the comprehensive development degree of marine ranching in Huizhou. The results showed that the comprehensive development degree of marine ranching in Huizhou was general, and the subsequent development space was large. This paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the comprehensive development of marine ranching in Huizhou city, and the research results could provide some guidance for the development direction of the project, and provided reference for the subsequent relevant research.

Advanced nuclear reactors are currently moving toward longer fuel cycles and higher burnup levels. Besides, high burnup levels can improve fuel economy and reduce the total amount of spent fuel in reactors. The formation of high burnup fuel particle is closely related to the failure behavior of ceramic dispersion fuel, and it is of great significance to focus on the strength analysis and cracking behavior of high burnup fuel particle. The representative volume element of dispersion fuel was innovatively established in this paper, and the heterogeneity of pore size and position in high burnup fuel particle was considered, corresponding parametric modeling and mechanical simulation procedure of high burnup fuel particle was realized automatically. The impacts of mechanical property of matrix, distance between fuel particles, ambient hydrostatic pressure and damaged layer on the strength of the fuel particles were analyzed systematically. The results show that the distance between fuel particles increases, the less possibility of crack initiates from the fuel particle. The existence of damaged layer will increase the risk of cracking of the fuel particles slightly. Due to the stress interference of the heterogeneous pores, crack initiates from multiple sites within the fuel particle, and the danger zones are more possibility located at the outer space, which is consistent with the experimental observations. Besides, danger zones within the high burnup fuel particle were characterized by larger pores and pore strings. It can be inferred that the formation of larger pores is probably due to the continuous coalescence of small pores and their surrounding pores. The constraint pressure of matrix on the fuel particle is not a constant, specially, it fluctuates significantly, and its average value increases linearly with the ambient hydrostatic pressure. Increasing the elasticity modulus of the matrix will inhibit the cracking behavior of the fuel particle, which reveals that the matrix should be designed more stronger and tougher. The higher the ambient hydrostatic pressure, the less likely the fuel particle will crack. While shortening the distance between fuel particles, and the impact degree of ambient hydrostatic pressure reduces. This work realizes the accurate calculation of the internal stress field of high burnup fuel particle and establishes a high burnup fuel cracking strength evaluation model based on fine microstructure modeling. Besides, this paper provides an analytical method and numerical reference for the failure study and optimal design of dispersion fuel under high burnup conditions.

With the rise of new Internet applications such as the industrial Internet, the Internet of vehicles, and the metaverse, the network’s requirements for low latency, reliability, security, and certainty are facing severe challenges.In the process of virtual network deployment, when using network function virtualization technology, there were problems such as low service function chain mapping efficiency and high deployment resource overhead.The node activation cost and instantiation cost was jointly considered, an integer linear programming model with the optimization goal of minimizing the average deployment network cost was established, and an improved grey wolf optimization service function chain mapping (IMGWO-SFCM) algorithm was proposed.Three strategies: mapping scheme search based on acyclic KSP algorithm, mapping scheme coding and improvement based on reverse learning and nonlinear convergence were added to the standard grey wolf optimization algorithm to form this algorithm.The global search and local search capabilities were well balanced and the service function chain mapping scheme was quickly determined by IMGWO-SFCM.Compared with the comparison algorithm, IMGWO-SFCM reduces the average deployment network cost by 11.86% while ensuring a higher service function chain request acceptance rate.

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has become the mainstream network intrusion detection system(NIDS).However, the inherent vulnerabilities of machine learning make it difficult to resist adversarial attacks, which can mislead the models by adding subtle perturbations to the input sample.Adversarial machine learning (AML) has been extensively studied in image recognition.In the field of intrusion detection, which is inherently highly antagonistic, it may directly make ML-based detectors unavailable and cause significant property damage.To deal with such threats, the latest work of applying AML technology was systematically investigated in NIDS from two perspectives: attack and defense.First, the unique constraints and challenges were revealed when applying AML technology in the NIDS field; secondly, a multi-dimensional taxonomy was proposed according to the adversarial attack stage, and current work was compared and summarized on this basis; finally, the future research directions was discussed.

Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) is a non-invasive means of eaneer treatment using focused ultrasound. The synergistic strategy based on SDT for liver cancer has high research significance and clinical translational value. This paper summarized the therapeutic mechanism and common acoustic sensitivities of SDT, analyzed the reasons why it is difficult to satisfy the current treatment of liver cancer tumors based on single mode acoustic dynamic therapy, and focused on the research progress of acoustic dynamic therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy and other dual synergistic treatment modes, as well as multi-mode synergistic therapy based on acoustic dynamic therapy. The aim is to provide reference and guidance for the future SDT collaborative mode treatment of liver cancer and other types of cancer. At the same time, it points out that SDT collaborative therapy still faces problems in the research process, such as the insignificant effect of single therapy and the few studies on multi-modal combined therapy. Finally, it puts forward the development prospect of developing new acoustic sensitizing agents, exploring the mechanism of combined therapy and realizing real-time diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption behaviors of hydrated manganese oxide (HMD) for Strontium and Yttrium in hydrochloric acid and nitric acid solutions were studied. HMD does not adsorb Strontium in various concentrations of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid solutions. HMD have no absorbability for Yttrium in hydrochloric acid and in nitric acid solution when the concentration of nitric acid is higher than 1 mol/L. But it shows a good absorbability for Yttrium when the concentration of nitric acid is among 0.001-0.1 mol/L. So Strontium and Yttrium can be separated in low concentration nitric acid solution. The best height-to-diameter ratio of the HMD column is 5∶1 when it used for the separation of Sr and Y. When the Sr(NO3)2-Y(NO3)3-HNO3 mixed in 0.1 mol/L nitric acid solution passed through the HMD column, more than 90% of Yttrium were adsorbed on the column, but Strontium were not adsorbed and still remains in the solution; After the 0.1 mol/L nitric acid cleaning process, the Yttrium adsorbed on the HMD column can be eluted with 1 mol/L nitric acid to obtain a purified Y(NO3)3 solution. The Strontium impurity is very low in the purified Y(NO3)3 solution. Therefore, HMD is expected to be used for the preparation of 90Y generator.

The 90YCl3 solution for medical use is generally extracted from the 90Sr/90Y radioactive decay equilibrium system. The 90Y solution obtained from 90Sr/90Y has no carrier, but contains a certain amount of metal impurity. A further purification by using of the concentration of hydrochloric acid is needed before it used for the preparation of 90Y radiopharmaceuticals. The adsorption behavior of Y3+, Fe3+, Al3+, Zn2+ and Mg2+ on AE4 strongly basic anion exchange was studied. AE4 have no adsorbability for Al3+, Zn2+ and Mg2+ in HCl solution. Fe3+ was strongly adsorbed by AE4 in hydrochloric acid solution when the concentration above 3 mol/L, and Y3+ was also adsorbed by AE4 in hydrochloric acid solution when the concentration above 7 mol/L. By adjusting the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the solution, Y3+, Fe3+, Al3+, Zn2+, Mg2+ in hydrochloric acid solution can quantitatively passing the solution successively through the first AE4 column where Fe3+ is separated and the second AE4 column where Y3+ is adsorbed. Finally, a purified YCl3 solution can be obtained by using 0.01 mol/L HCl elutes. The result of both the stable nuclide and 90Y tracer shows that AE4 resin can be used to remove the main impurity metal elements such as Fe, Al, Zn and Mg in 90YCl3 solution.

In view of real-time demand for speed compensation on high speed moving platform, an implementation method of missile speed compensation is proposed. After the idea of range cell migration compensation applied to the missile speed compensation, the signal-to-noise ratio of coherent accumulation is improved, and hardware design is realized on FPGA. The simulation experiment shows that the missile speed compensation method with FPGA has advantages of high real-time, fast processing speed and high precision.

Most of the existing stochastic games are based on the assumption of complete information,which are not consistent with the fact of network attack and defense.Aiming at this problem,the uncertainty of the attacker’s revenue was transformed to the uncertainty of the attacker type,and then a stochastic game model with incomplete information was constructed.The probability of network state transition is difficult to determine,which makes it impossible to determine the parameter needed to solve the equilibrium.Aiming at this problem,the Q-learning was introduced into stochastic game,which allowed defender to get the relevant parameter by learning in network attack and defense and to solve Bayesian Nash equilibrium.Based on the above,a defense decision algorithm that could learn online was designed.The simulation experiment proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Most of the stochastic game models to select network defense strategies are composed of matrix game and Markov decision,which assumes that the defender has known the attacker's revenue.This assumption does not conform to the actual situation.The uncertainty of the attacker's income was converted into the indeterminacy of the attacker type,and an incomplete information stochastic game model,which was combined with the static Bias game and Markov decision,was constructed.The equilibrium solution method of the incomplete information stochastic game model was given,and the strategy selection of the defender was guided by the stable Bias Nash equilibrium.Finally,a practical example was given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.

At present, most spectrum sensing algorithms based on energy detector and cyclic spectral density detector can only achieve well performance in the stationary noise, but fail to apply in the non-stationary noise environment. To remove enormous effect of non-stationary noise in spectrum sensing, this paper utilizes the fourth-order cyclic polyspectrum(FOCP) to inhibit non-stationary noise, proposes a spectrum sensing algorithm based on the FOCP. The algorithm first applies to the cumulant slice method to compute of FOCP. Then, the sum value of the magnitude square of the simplified FOCP(SS-FOCP) is used to sense the intercept signal of cognitive user. Finally, it calculates the crest factor to judge the presence or not of the primary user signal. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has higher detection probability and better performance than traditional algorithms in non-stationary noise environment.

To clarify the photosynthetic mechanism contributing to the enhancement of intercropping advantages through co-ridge intercropping of maize and peanut, we conducted a field randomized block experiment under two phosphorus levels of 0 (P0) and 180 kg P2O5 ⋅ hm-2 (P180) with flat intercropping of maize and peanut (FIC) as the control. We analyzed the effects of co-ridge intercropping of maize and peanut (RIC) and groove-ridge intercropping of maize and peanut (GIC) on crop leaf area index (LAI), SPAD values, CO2 carboxylation ability, photosystems coordination (ΦPS I/PS II), and intercropping advantage of yield. The results showed that RIC significantly increased SPAD value at the silking stage of intercropping maize, and significantly improved the apparent quantum yield of photosynthesis (AQY), maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax), maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vc, max), net photosynthetic rate at the CO2 saturation (Amax) and ΦPS I/PS II of intercropping maize compared with those of FIC and GIC at silking stage and milking stage, but reduced the ratio of variable fluorescence Fj to amplitude Fp -Fo (Wk) and the ratio of variable fluorescence Fk to amplitude Fj -Fo (Vj) of the functional leaf photosystem II (PS II) at the milking stage of maize. There were no significant differences in these parameters between FIC and GIC. Compared with FIC, both RIC and GIC increased LAI of intercropping peanut at late growth stage and SPAD value at pod setting stage, significantly improved Vc, max, Amax, and ΦPS I/PS II and reduced Wk and Vj values of intercropping peanut functional leaves at pod expanding stage. The difference in these parameters between RIC and GIC were not significant. The land equivalent ratio and intercropping advantages of RIC were higher than those of FIC and GIC. Phosphorus application could further promote Vc, max Jmax, Amax, ΦPS I/PS II of intercropping maize and peanut, and significantly improve yield advantages of intercropping. The findings indicated that co-ridge intercropping could enhance CO2 carboxylation and fixation by improving photosynthetic electron transport and photosystems coordination, improve the photosynthetic rate of functional leaves of maize and peanut, thus increase crop yield and intercropping advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous, stable and accurate jumping in three-dimensional (3D) environment is the research difficulty of monopod jumping robot. A monopod jumping robot with the center of mass that can accurately reach a target position point in 3D space was designed. Based on the spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) dynamics model, the control of robot take-off speed was realized, making the controllable continuous bounce possible. Based on the reaction wheel pendulum (RWP) dynamics model and the law of conservation of angular momentum, the real-time 3D attitude control of robot with three inertial tails was realized. By integrating SLIP model, RWP model and the proposed post-landing steering strategy, a continuous jumping algorithm for the center of mass of robot to accurately reach the expected 3D target point was designed. The simulation results show that the monopod robot can achieve continuous, stable and accurate jumping in 3D environment, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed 3D jump dynamics model and its control algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the expression of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in Chinese patients with malignant melanoma and its correlation with hematologic ratios. Methods Lesional skin samples were collected from 23 Chinese with malignant melanoma ( melanoma group), and skin samples from 10 normal subjects served as controls (normal skin group) . The expression of FMRP was observed using immunohistochemical(IHC) staining, and two scoring methods (H-Score and IRS) were used to evaluate the expression levels. The relationship between FMRP and different pathological grades and stages of malignant melanoma was assessed. The association of FMRP with some hematological ratios, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ( NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio ( LMR) and systemic inflammatory markers ( SIM ) in patients with malignant melanoma were analyzed. Results The expression levels of FMRP in the melanoma were significantly higher than that in the normal skin ( P < 0. 05 ) . But H-score and IRS scales were not correlated with Clark level, Breslow thickness, and melanoma stage(P >0. 05) . Expression levels of FMRP were positively correlated with NLR and SIM, while negatively correlated with LMR. Conclusions FMRP is highly expressed in cutaneous malignant melanoma and its expression levels are significantly correlated with NLR, SIM, and LMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To investigate the inhibitory effect of chloroquine phosphate (CQ) on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and its mechanism. Methods·An in vitro model of vascular endothelial cell injury induced by dsRNA in viral sepsis was established via stimulating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). HUVECs were randomly divided into normal control group (NC group), poly I:C group with different concentrations and CQ+poly I: C group. The cell viability of HUVECs before and after poly I: C treatment was detected by using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The morphological changes of HUVECs were observed by using optical microscope. The integrity of cell membrane was assessed by calculating the rate of propidium iodide (PI) positive cells by using flow cytometry. The expression level of mature proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and key proteins of pyroptosis were detected by Western blotting. Results·Compared with the NC group, HUVECs treated with poly I:C showed a decreased cell viability, more expanded "Vesicles" and more ruptured cells. An increased level of IL-1β expression and positive rate of PI+ cells were also observed. The expression levels of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), and cleaved caspase-1 and gasdermin D N-terminal (GSDMD-N) were increased significantly (all P<0.05) under the treatment of poly I:C and the changes were concentration-dependent. Interestingly, compared with poly I:C group, the cell viability of HUVEC pretreated by CQ was significantly increased, and a decreased IL-1β level were observed. The phenomena of cell swelling and rupture was improved, and a lower positive rate of PI+ cells was detected. The expression levels of cleaved caspase-1 and GSDMD-N of cell pyrosis were also decreased (all P<0.05). CQ pretreatment did not reduce NLRP3 expression induced by dsRNA, but it did inhibit the expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Conclusion·Pyroptosis is involved in vascular endothelial cells injury induced by dsRNA, and CQ inhibits dsRNA-induced pyroptosis, which could be related to TLR3 regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blade tip timing measurement was a key measurement technology in aero-engine blade vibration monitoring systems. As an important part of timing signal preprocessing, the trend term fitting was the basis and premise of high-precision parameter identification of the blade vibrations. Under the continuous variable operating conditions of aero-engines, the current trend item fitting method could not adaptively adjust the width of the fitting windows, resulting in the poor quality of eliminating the trend items and seriously affecting the subsequent blade vibration analyses. Aiming at the problems of timing signal trend item fitting under continuing variable operating conditions, this paper used correlation coefficient as the evaluation of trend item fitting quality, and proposed a trend item fitting method with the window widths of adaptive adjustment. The tip-timing test data of an aero-engine high-pressure compressor was used for verification. The results show that the method may ensure the optimal fitting quality of the trend item due to adaptively adjusting the widths of the window. Under the premise of removing the trend item, the original vibration information may be completely retained, which is of great significance to achieve high-precision parameter identification of the blade vibrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has become the mainstream network intrusion detection system(NIDS). However, the inherent vulnerabilities of machine learning make it difficult to resist adversarial attacks, which can mislead the models by adding subtle perturbations to the input sample. Adversarial machine learning (AML) has been extensively studied in image recognition. In the field of intrusion detection, which is inherently highly antagonistic, it may directly make ML-based detectors unavailable and cause significant property damage. To deal with such threats, the latest work of applying AML technology was systematically investigated in NIDS from two perspectives: attack and defense. First, the unique constraints and challenges were revealed when applying AML technology in the NIDS field; secondly, a multi-dimensional taxonomy was proposed according to the adversarial attack stage, and current work was compared and summarized on this basis; finally, the future research directions was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better improve the rationality and efficiency of the flat knitted sweater model, and to solve the problem that the flat knitting method is difficult to produce the complex structure of the suit, the garment CAD pattern technology was proposed to apply to the knitting process design of the flat knitted suit. The body-shaped female suit was selected as a research case, the application method and process of transforming the pattern structure of the front and back garment, sleeve and collar of the female suit was introduced in detail with CAD pattern technology, the design of the pattern structure drawing and the knitting program design of the computer flat knitting machine was analyzed after importing the SKT knitting intelligent software, and the finished female suit was finally knitted on the machine. The results show that the knitting process of women's suits prepared according to the paper pattern structure diagram meets the requirements of sweater processing technology, and the pattern is fit and beautiful, and the method is operability with high efficiency, and the knitting of the formed garment pieces can be precisely adjusted. Process data can provide reference practical application value and theoretical guiding significance for the development of unconventional knitted sweaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effects of light environment on the growth and canopy structure of intercropping Phoebe bournei in Chinese fir plantation, through the analysis of the Chinese fir canopy light radiation factors (PPFD, DIFN, LAI) with different stand densities and different aspect conditions, studying the influence of Chinese fir canopy light radiation on the growth and canopy structure of P. bournei. The results showed that, under low stand density sample plot, Chinese fir canopy light radiation was higher than that of high stand density sample plot, which was beneficial to the growth and canopy structure of P. bournei, the tree height and ground diameter of P. bournei were 5.4% and 22.1% higher than that of high stand density sample plot, and the difference of ground diameter increment reached significant level (P<0.05) ; canopy structure indexes of P. bournei, including crown width, crown length rate, crown volume, crown satisfaction, were 11.3%, 2.3%, 22.2% and 1.6% higher than that of high stand density sample plot, but there is no significant difference(P>0.05). The canopy light radiation under different aspect conditions of Chinese fir also presented great influence on the growth and canopy structure of P. bournei, as the canopy light radiation difference, the tree height and ground diameter of P. bournei in sunny slope sample plot of Chinese fir were 23.7% and 15.4% higher than that of shady slope sample plot, respectively, and the difference of tree height increment was significant (P<0.05) ; the crown width, crown length rate, crown volume increased by 5.6%, 3.4% and 28.6%, respectively, compared with that of the shady slope sample plot, but crown satisfaction ratio decreased by 8.2%, all the difference were not significant P>0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the changing viewing habits of the audience, keep pace with the audience' demand for specialization, major domestic video sites now have played the "homemade cards." From the "exclusive big drama" to the network micro-film, then to the homemade entertainment talk shows, the forms and types of programs are numerous. In this paper, Sohu video brand programs, "Dapeng tinkling tinkling" is selected as an example for the analysis of the new relationship between the disseminator and audience brought by taking full advantage of the entertainment of talk shows and instructiveness of the network in the sight of Omni media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]