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Network function virtualization (NFV) brought significant flexibility.However,such flexibility came with considerable compromises,since virtual machine carried monolithic functions could introduce significant performance overhead.A novel high-performance and programmable framework called MicroNF was proposed,which combines programmable hardware infrastructure and traditional software infrastructure in NFV to achieve both high performance and flexibility.In particular,microservice,a new design approach in software architecture,was leveraged by MicroNF to re-architect NFV to enable functional reusability among services and improve performance.MicroNF was implemented in a test bed based on OpenStack and ONetCard.Experimental results show that MicroNF reduces the forwarding latency of a service chain by an average of 70% compared with DPDK-based software implementation.

Software-based sequential service chains in network function virtualization (NFV) could introduce significant performance overhead.Current acceleration efforts for NFV mainly target on optimizing each component of the sequential service chain.However,based on the statistics from real world enterprise networks,it was observed that 53.8% network function (NF) pairs could work in parallel.In particular,41.5% NF pairs could be parallelized without causing extra resource overhead.NFP was presented,a high performance framework,that innovatively enabled network function parallelism to improve NFV performance.NFP consisted of three logical components.Firstly,NFP provided a policy specification scheme for operators to intuitively describe sequential or parallel NF chaining intents.Secondly,NFP orchestrator intelligently identified NF dependency and automatically compiled the policies into high performance service graphs.Thirdly,NFP infrastructure performed light-weight packet copying,distributed parallel packet delivery,and load-balanced merging of packet copies to support NF parallelism.An NFP prototype based on DPDK in Linux containers was implemented.The evaluation results show that NFP achieves significant latency reduction for real world service chains.

With the development of software-defined networking (SDN),its scalability has become one of the most important issues of SDN.The features of SDN was studied which lead to its scalability problem when SDN was applied to large-scale network.The three main causes leading to scalability problem were discussed:control plane and data plane separation,logical centralized control and fine-grained flow control.Meanwhile,the studies which focus on the scalability of SDN from three aspects:scalability of performance,scalability of geographic and scalability of control was presented.Further,the studies on the performance evaluation of the scalability of SDN were introduced.Finally,the future work was discussed.

In the Internet,there are no mechanisms to verify the identity of a message sender,resulting in a large number of forged identity attacks,such as phishing websites.By mapping the user identity into the rightmost 64 bit of the IPv6 address,this paper tries to make every message embedded with an identity,which lay a credible foundation for communications on the Internet.We design and realize a true identity communication system based on source address validation improvement,which can protect the privacy of the users,and ensure the verifiability and authenticity of the user identities.

Firstly three phases of the development of inter-domain SDN internetworking were discussed, then a cooperation based inter-domain SDN technology WE-Bridge was introduced. Finally, an inter-continental inter-domain SDN testbed based on WE-Bridge technology was introduced.

Internet architecture was discussed firstly,then the major international research progress of future network architectures was introduced.And the recent development of software defined networking（SDN）was introduced,an abstract model of SDN architecture was proposed.Finally,a FINE architecture for future network innovation environment project was introduced,which was funded by national high-tech R&D program（“863”program）.

The transformation of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) added in lard, soybean and palm oil was investigated during storage. The results showed that when the storage time was extended, the sum of the remaining amount of TBHQ and the production of 2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TBBQ) in oil samples was less than the initial amount of TBHQ added. The same chromatographic peaks except for TBHQ and TBBQ were found in the gas chromatograms of the methanol extracts from different oil samples. The unknown chromatographic peaks were isolated and purified by preparative liquid chromatography (Prep-LC), and their structures were identified and characterized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. These results showed that the conversion products of added TBHQ were the same in different oils and fats, including TBBQ and 2-methylallyl-hydroquinone (MAHQ).

Background and purpose: Inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPi) has been shown in multiple clinical trials to benefit survival in patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutations in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Fluzoparib has been approved for the treatment of ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancers, but no data have been reported for prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluzoparib in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer. Methods: The clinical data of 13 mCRPC patients treated with fluzoparib alone or fluzoparib combined with abiraterone or SHR3680 (androgen receptor antagonist) in 9 hospitals nationwide including Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 1, 2020 to February 1, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Genetic mutation data, survival data, adverse reactions and other data were obtained through outpatient cases or telephone follow-up. Results: Among the 13 patients, 3 patients were treated with fluzoparib alone, 8 patients were treated with fluzoparib combined with abiraterone, and 2 patients were treated with fluzoparib combined with SHR3680. All the 3 patients treated with monotherapy carried HRR gene mutations, and all had prostate-specific antigen (PSA); among those, 2 patients (66.7%) had PSA decrease of more than 50%. All the 8 patients treated with fluzoparib combined with abiraterone had been resistant to abiraterone at the earlier stage, and the genetic testing results showed that 2 patients did not carry HRR pathogenic mutation, and 1 patient did not receive genetic testing. Among the 8 patients, only 1 patient without HRR pathogenic mutation had an increase in PSA after receiving the combined treatment, while the remaining 7 patients (87.5%) had a decrease in PSA. PSA decreased by more than 50% in 3 patients (37.5%) and 90% in 2 patients (25.0%). The 2 patients treated with fluzoparib combined with SHR3680 had been resistant to abiraterone and docetaxel at the earlier stage, one patient had no genetic test and no PSA response, and the other patient had no DNA damage repair (DDR) gene mutation, however, decreased by more than 50%. At the same time, 61.5% (8/13) of the patients showed different degrees of adverse reactions, the main adverse reactions were anemia, joint pain, loss of appetite and fatigue; 23.1% (3/13) of the patients developed grade 3 anemia, of whom 1 patient terminated the treatment. Conclusion: Fluzoparib shows promising clinical prospects, and is well tolerated in both monotherapy and combination therapy. However, this conclusion needs to be further confirmed in prospective clinical studies with larger sample size.

Objective: To construct the Oncomelania hupensis snail monitoring system based on the Baidu Map., Methods: The environmental basic information about historical snail environment and existing snail environment, etc. was collected with the monitoring data about different kinds of O. hupensis snails, and then the O. hupensis snail monitoring system was built. Geographic Information System (GIS) and the electronic fence technology and Application Program Interface (API) were applied to set up the electronic fence of the snail surveillance environments, and the electronic fence was connected to the database of the snail surveillance., Results: The O. hupensis snail monitoring system based on the Baidu Map were built up, including three modules of O. hupensis Snail Monitoring Environmental Database, Dynamic Monitoring Platform and Electronic Map. The information about monitoring O. hupensis snails could be obtained through the computer and smartphone simultaneously., Conclusions: The O. hupensis snail monitoring system, which is based on Baidu Map, is a visible platform to follow the process of snailsearching and molluscaciding.

Objective: To study the application of Geographic Information System (GIS) electronic fence technique in Oncomelania hupensis snail monitoring., Methods: The electronic fence was set around the history and existing snail environments in the electronic map, the information about snail monitoring and controlling was linked to the electronic fence, and the snail monitoring information system was established on these bases. The monitoring information was input through the computer and smart phone., Results: The electronic fence around the history and existing snail environments was set in the electronic map (Baidu map), and the snail monitoring information system and smart phone APP were established. The monitoring information was input and upload real-time, and the snail monitoring information was demonstrated in real time on Baidu map., Conclusions: By using the electronic fence technology based on GIS, the unique "environment electronic archives" for each snail monitoring environment can be established in the electronic map, and real-time, dynamic monitoring and visual management can be realized.