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Superpixel can capture redundancy of the image and reduce the complexity of subsequent processing tasks. These advantages make it receive more and more attentions from researchers at home and abroad. This paper first analyzed the development of the superpixel segmentation, and summarized the state-of-the-art superpixel segmentation algorithms in the view of graph-based and gradient-ascent-based methods. Then, it compared several superpixel segmentation algorithms by experiments, and illustrated their strengths and weaknesses respectively. At last, it introduced the latest applications of superpixel segmentation techniques with prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mountain is an important geomorphic type on the earth, which covers 20% of the total terrestrial areas. Mountain is the major part of Chinese land, which is nearly 2/3 of terrestrial area. Mountain is not only the beginning of global cycling of materials and energy, but also the most sensitive area to global climate changes. Mountain supergene geochemistry consists of mountain biogeochemistry, mountain environmental geochemistry and mountain ecological geochemistry (eco-geochemistry), which are the important contents of mountain science. According to current research hotpots, mountain supergene geochemistry is focusing on the responses and adaptions of mountain ecosystems to the global changes, and the impacts of the material cycling on the ecology and environment in the mountain areas. In future, it is necessary to synthetically study the mountain supergene geochemistry in combination with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, pedosphere and biosphere. The first work should measure the basic data for single object, and then integrate the multiple data. Based on the long-term field monitoring and the lab analysis, the suitable geochemical cyclical models of the materials are ultimately established for the mountain ecosystems, and thus the impacts of the global climate changes and human activities on the development of mountain ecological environment as well as the potential eco-risk would be predicted, which is appreciably important for the safety of mountain ecosystems and for the sustainable development of society, economy and culture in the mountain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]