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To suppress the effects such as occlusions and posture variations on facial expression recognition in natural scenes, expression recognition network fusing global enhancement and local attention features (GE-LA) is proposed. Firstly, to acquire the enhanced global context information, an enhancement structure of channel-spatial global features is constructed, which uses channel flow module (CFM) and spatial flow module (SFM) to obtain symmetric multi-scale channel semantics and pixel-level spatial semantics, respectively, and combines these two types of semantics to generate global enhanced features. Secondly, to extract local detail features, an efficient channel attention (ECA) mechanism is improved to channel-spatial attention (CSA) mechanism, and a local attention module (LAM) is constructed based on this to obtain channel and spatial high-level semantics. Finally, to enhance the anti-interference ability of the proposed network against factors such as occlusions and posture variations, an adaptive strategy is designed to obtain the weighted fusion of global enhancement features and local attention features, and to achieve expression classification based on the adaptive fusion features. Experimental results on facial expression datasets RAF-DB and FERPlus in natural scenes show that the expression recognition rates of the proposed network are 89.82% and 89.93%, respectively, which are 13.39 percentage points and 10.62 percentage points higher than the baseline network ResNet50. Compared with the related methods, the proposed method, which reduces the influence of occlusions and posture variations, has a better expression recognition performance in natural scenes.

In this study, the nutrient, amino acid and anthocyanin composition of three varieties (Rose Honey, Cloud Dance, and French Wild) of wine grape pomace from Yunnan were investigated. Subsequently, the in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of the free, esterified and bound phenols extracted from each variety of wine grape pomace were evaluated in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing power, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Meanwhile, qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds was conducted using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the three varieties of grape pomace had similar nutrient composition, characterized by high dietary fiber content, low fat content, and abundant content and reasonable composition of essential amino acids. Overall, Rose Honey had the highest nutritional value. Furthermore, two types of anthocyanidins and 34 types of anthocyanins, primarily in the form of 3-O-glucoside, were identified in all the samples. Notably, Cloud Dance showed the highest number and amount of anthocyanidins, followed by Rose Honey. Additionally, among the three varieties of grape pomace, Rose Honey exhibited the highest total phenol content and the strongest antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, but its α-amylase inhibitory activity was similar to that of French Wild. Regarding the different forms of phenols, the total content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of bound phenols were higher than those of free and esterified phenols, whereas the esterified phenols demonstrated higher α-amylase inhibitory activity. A total of 18 phenolic compounds were detected in the three varieties of grape pomace, with Rose Honey being found to contain a larger number of phenolic compounds (16) than the other two varieties. Moreover, the content of bound phenols was higher than those of free and esterified phenols. In conclusion, these three varieties of grape pomace possess good nutritional value and functional activities, which are suitable to be developed as functional food ingredients due to their high dietary fiber content and low fat content as well as antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. Among these three varieties, Rose Honey has the greatest development potential. The findings of this study provide important reference for the high-value comprehensive utilization of Yunnan wine grape pomace and even for the development of the highland grape wine industry in Yunnan.

The water extract contents, polyphenol compositions, total free amino acid contents, caffeine (CAF) contents, amino acid compositions and catechin compositions of spring and summer tea made from six varieties planted in Motuo, namely Tezao 213, Zhuyeqi, Zhongcha 302, Tieguanyin, Yinghong 9 and Fenghuang Dancong were determined and compared. The results indicated significant differences between spring and summer tea in all quality components except tea polyphenols. The average phenol/ammonia ratio of spring and summer tea was 4.60 and 7.99, respectively, indicating summer tea to be suitable for processing into green and black tea. Altogether 18 amino acids were detected in the six cultivars, and the contents of different groups of amino acid were in the decreasing order of umami amino acids > sweet amino acids > bitter amino acids > aromatic amino acids. The contents of umami and sweet amino acids in spring tea were significantly higher than those in summer tea. Correlation analysis revealed that the synthesis of various metabolites were highly correlated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that season had a more significant effect on tea metabolites than variety. A total of 16 compounds were identified as differential metabolites between spring and summer tea, including 7 amino acids, 8 catechins and CAF, which could be used as potential markers to distinguish spring and summer tea. This study provides a valuable reference for tea processing.

BackgroundStudies on the relationships of environmental noise exposure with negative emotions and sleep quality have long been reported. Self-perceived noise intensity is not only related to environmental noise exposure, but also reflects an individual's susceptibility to noise; however, few studies on self-perceived noise intensity, negative emotions, and sleep quality have been reported, and it is not clear whether negative emotions play a mediating role in the relationship between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality. ObjectiveTo analyze the mediating role of negative emotions (anxiety, depression, and stress) in the relationship between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality in noise-exposed workers, and to provide a scientific basis for addressing psychological problems and sleep quality induced by noise exposure. MethodsStratified cluster sampling was used to select noise-exposed workers from a large equipment manufacturing plant in Chengdu from May to June 2023, and demographic characteristics were investigated using a self-designed general information questionnaire; self-perceived noise intensity was reported by the study subjects as the noise intensity of their workplaces; sleep quality was synthesized from three indicators: night sleep duration, self-perceived sleep quality, and sleep-related symptoms; the Anxiety-Depression-Stress Scale (DASS-21 scale) was used to evaluate anxiety, depression, and stress of a worker. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the pathways of negative emotions (anxiety, depression, and stress) between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality. ResultsThe positive rates of negative emotions were 33.1% (anxiety symptoms, 215/649), 26.0% (depression symptoms, 169/649), and 14.0% (stress symptoms, 91/649), respectively in a total of 649 noise-exposed workers. Self-perceived noise intensity was positively correlated with sleep quality score (r=0.218, P

Objective To investigate the impacts of wogonin (WG) on Th17/Treg cell balance in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) rats. Methods A total of 10 rats were randomly selected as the control group. The remaining rats were injected with concanavalin A (ConA, 12.5 mg/kg) solution via tail vein to construct AIH model rat, which were randomly divided into AIH group, L-WG group (10 mg/kg), M-WG group (20 mg/kg), H-WG group (30 mg/kg), H-WG+VPA group (30 mg/kg WG+300 mg/kg Notch signal pathway activator VPA), 10 rats in each group and administered once a day for 10 days. Serum inflammatory factors and liver function indexes were detected by ELISA; HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of liver tissue; the level of spleen Th17/Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry; Western blot was used to detect the expression of spleen retinoid acid related orphan receptor γ t (RORγt), fork head box protein P3 (Foxp3) and liver Notch signal pathway proteins. Results The liver tissue structure of control group was normal and the staining was clear; In AIH group, the cells of liver tissue showed edema, the increase of cell volume led to the compression and narrowing of liver sinuses, and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration and a small amount of necrosis occurred. The contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23, level of Th17 cells, Th17/Treg, the expression of RORγt, Notch, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 gene (HES1) and hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1 (HEY1) protein in AIH group were greatly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05), the contents of IL-10 and TNF-β, level of Treg cells, and level of Foxp3 protein were greatly lower(P＜0.05); Compared with AIH group, the liver injury in L-WG group, M-WG group and H-WG group was improved, the contents of ALT, AST, IL-17 and IL-23, level of Th17 cells, Th17/Treg, the expression of RORγt, Notch, HES1 and HEY1 protein were greatly lower (P＜0.05), the contents of IL-10 and TNF-β, level of Treg cells, and level of Foxp3 protein were greatly higher (P＜0.05); VPA reversed the improvement effect of H-WG on AIH rats. Conclusions WG could promote Th17/Treg cell balance in AIH rats by down-regulating Notch signal pathway.

Background Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a common post-stroke cognitive impairment that severely affects the functional recovery and quality of life of patients. Therefore, objective assessment of USN is essential to facilitate patients' functional recovery. Objective To investigate the feasibility of using adynamic eye-tracking task to assess USN in sub acute stroke patients. Methods Thirty inpatients in the sub acute phase after stroke in Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital were recruited from September 2021 to July 2022. USN was assessed using the Behavioral Inattention Test-Conventional (BIT-C), Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS), and a two-minute dynamic eye-tracking task within one week of admission by two professional rehabilitation therapists, and adverse effects during the assessment were recorded. USN was diagnosed by a CBS score >0, a total BIT-C score

An analytical method was established for the simultaneous detection of five saccharides in tea by multi-plug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) combined with high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD). An m-PFC cartridge with polyamide powder as sorbent was developed for sample pretreatment. Tea samples were extracted with water while shaking, and then back-extracted with dichloromethane for the removal of impurities. The upper phase was purified using the m-PFC column and detected by HPLC. Quantification was performed by the external standard method. The results showed that the logarithm of the peak areas was linearly related to the logarithm of the concentrations of rhamnose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose within the linear ranges tested, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) were in the range of 0.04–0.1 g/100 g, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.10–0.20 g/100 g. The average recoveries at three spiked levels were in the range of 91.0%–103%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.0%–4.6%. This method has the advantages of simple operation and good purification effect, and is suitable for the quantitation of these five saccharides in tea.

Objective: To evaluate the imaging features of the Segond fracture and explore its clinical value in lateral instability of the knee joint. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 45 cases of the Segond fracture. This involved the analysis of the characteristics of the fracture, including the relationship between the fracture and the ligaments around the knee joint, meniscus injury, and the size and location of the fracture block. Moreover, the significance of the Segond fracture in clinical treatment was discussed. Results: Among 45 cases of the Segond fracture, 41 (91.11%) had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, 31 (68.89%) had anterolateral ligament (ALL) injury, and 12 (26.67%) had iliotibial bundle (ITB) injury. The ALL were all attached to the fracture block, and 25 cases (55.55%) were attached to the ITB. The larger the size of the fracture block and the smaller the distance from the center of Gerdy's nodule, the more likely that the fracture block was attached to the ITB. Conclusion: The Segond fracture is often associated with ACL injury, involving the ALL and ITB. The larger the fracture block and the closer to the center of Gerdy's nodule, the greater the possibility of ITB involvement. Therefore, patients with Segond fractures should be alert to lateral instability of the knee joint.

Objective: To investigate the optimal process for preparing peppermint essential oil/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex using high-speed shearing combined with freeze-drying. Methods: The effects of freeze-drying and vacuum drying, high-speed shearing, and stirring on the encapsulation process were compared. Based on single-factor experiments, the ratio of β-CD to essential oil, encapsulation temperature, and mass fraction of β-CD were considered as influencing factors. The comprehensive score of oil content and encapsulation efficiency was used as an evaluation index to investigate the Box-Behnken response surface method for optimizing the encapsulation process. The content of pulegone in the inclusion complex was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the inclusion complex. Results: The yield of inclusion complex prepared by freeze-drying was higher, with an average yield of 97.6%. The oil content and encapsulation efficiency by the high-speed shearing method were relatively high, being about 3% and 19% higher than those by the stirring method, respectively. The optimized conditions were as follows: The weight ratio of β-CD to volatile oil was 9:1 (g/mL), the encapsulation temperature was 55 ℃, and the mass fraction of β-CD was 17%. Under these conditions, the essential oil content was 10.9%, the encapsulation efficiency was 97.6%, the comprehensive score was 99.7, the RSD value was 1.59%, and the optimized process was stable and feasible. The content of pulegone in the inclusion complex was found to be 2.465 mg/g by HPLC. The formation of the peppermint oil/β-CD inclusion complex was confirmed by analysis using FTIR. Conclusion: The combination of high-speed shearing and freeze-drying for the preparation of peppermint essential oil inclusion complex had the advantages of high efficiency, simple process, and it improved theyield, would provide guidance for the production process.

A self-designed full-diameter core experimental facility was used to evaluate the flow heterogeneity of bedding fractures at four radial directions under different closure pressures and injection rates, using full-diameter cores retaining original natural bedding fractures. The distribution morphology of bedding surface affects the conductivity of bedding fractures, and the flow capacity of bedding fractures in four radial directions varies greatly with the closure pressure and injection rate. The rougher the fracture surface, the greater the flow capacity varies with the closure pressure. For unsupported bedding fractures, the mean percentage error (MPE) of the conductivity in four radial directions increase gradually with the increase of the closure pressure. This phenomenon is especially prominent in deep rock samples. It is indicated that the flow heterogeneity of bedding fractures tends to increase with the closure pressure. When proppant is placed in the fracture, at a low closure pressure, due to the combined effects of self-support of rough fracture surface, proppant instability and uneven proppant placement, the flow heterogeneity is greater than that when proppant is not placed at the same closure pressure; however, with the increase of the closure pressure, the proppant becomes compact and stable, and the flow heterogeneity is mitigated gradually.

The market and demanding of lactic acid bacteria and their products keep increasingly in recent years. However, it is difficult to maintain the activity of lactic acid bacteria during the processing and storage periods due to the stress caused by heating and oxygen exposure conditions for these anaerobic and heat-sensitive bacteria. This also causes a significant reduction in the quantity of live lactic acid bacteria in the end products. The activity of lactic acid bacteria will further decrease under the high acid condition in stomach and the high bile content in gut tract, which greatly reduce the end probiotic efficacy of this kind of probiotic products. Until now, numerous efforts have been made to enhance the tolerance of lactic and bacteria against heat, oxygen and gastrointestinal conditions, resulting in the emergence of several novel technologies. However, it is still challenging to select the most suitable technologies for practical application, as the results from various studies have not been thoroughly summarized and compared. In this study, the currently developed techniques for improving the activity of lactic acid bacteria during processing, under gastrointestinal condition, and in intestinal delivery are comprehensively summarized. The results from different studies are well compared. The application of electrostatic spinning, electrostatic spray, emulsion droplet technology, polyphenol nano armor, and heat induction pretreatment in the process of live lactic acid bacteria is also introduced. The information presented in this study can provide useful guidance for further research and the application of the currently developed techniques.

In this paper, sensory evaluation, electronic nose and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the main aromatic components and differences of sun-dried green tea in different townships of Menghai County. Sensory evaluation showed that the main aroma types of sun-dried green tea in townships were different, with fruit aroma in the Bulang Mountain, green aroma in Xiding, woody aroma in Meng'a and Mengzhe, floral aroma in Mengman, Gelang and Mengsong. The results of electronic nose showed that the aroma of sun-dried green tea in different townships was significantly different, and W1S, W1W, W2S and W2W sensors played a major role in distinguishing. In PCA analysis, the Bulang Mountain and Meng'a Mingxian were different from other townships. A total of 77 volatile substances were detected in sun-dried green tea from 7 townships by GC-MS, mainly including olefins, alkanes and alcohols, the most abundant being linalool, d-limonene, cedrol, limonene, α-cedrene. The result of Clustering thermogram showed that the general similarity of volatile substances in Gelanghe, the Bulang Mountain, Mengsong, Mengman and Xiding was the highest, and the difference between Meng'a, Mengzhe and other towns was the largest. There were 38 components with aroma description could be divided into three types: fruit aroma, flower aroma and woody aroma(green). The total relative content of volatile matter of each aroma type varied greatly in different townships. The highest total relative content of volatile matter of fruit aroma, flower aroma and woody aroma (green) types were the Bulang Mountain, Mengman and Mengzhe respectively. 2~3 kinds of special aromatic components could be found in the sun-dried green tea in other townships except Mengsong. Among them, the Bulang Mountain had safranal and naphthalene, Mengman had benzaldehyded and 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene, Meng'a had p-cymene and (-)-α-pinene, Gelanghe had 4-carene, cyclohexanol and α-pinene, Mengzhe had (S)-(-)-α-terpineol, (R)-camphor, and cedrene, Xiding had α-ocimene. The comprehensive analysis showed that there were great differences in sensory evaluation and volatile aroma types, types and relative content of the aroma of sun-dried green tea in different townships of Menghai, showed distinctive aroma quality characteristics.

BackgroundThe correlation between noise exposure and negative emotions of noise-exposed workers has received increasing attention and related studies have been reported. However, there is a lack of research on the path and effect analysis of the relationship between noise exposure and negative emotions, which will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the health damage characteristics of noise in addition to hearing loss.ObjectiveTo explore the path and effects of cumulative noise exposure, tested hearing thresholds, and conscious hearing level of noise-exposed workers on negative emotions.MethodsUsing stratified random sampling, 312 noise-exposed workers from a machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprise were selected. Occupational history, negative emotions (including the feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression), and conscious hearing level of the workers were investigated using the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) and a self-made questionnaire. The hearing threshold of the workers was measured by pure tone air conduction audiometry. Sound level meter was used to measure noise equivalent sound level at selected work sites. Individual cumulative noise exposure was estimated based on work site noise level and personal noise exposure history. Path analysis was used to analyze potential mediating effects of workers' hearing thresholds and conscious hearing levels on the relationship between noise exposure and negative emotions (including stress, anxiety, and depression).ResultsThe positive rates of negative emotions among the 312 noise-exposed workers were 18.27% (57/312) for stress, 46.79% (146/312) for anxiety, and 28.53% (89/312) for depression; the cumulative noise exposure ranged from 101.0 to 136.1 dB(A)·d, with an average of 125.69 dB(A)·d. The distributions of tested hearing thresholds and conscious hearing levels among the workers exposed to noise were significantly inconsistent (P

In order to explore the influence of different grading treatments of machine collected and sun-dried green tea on the aroma quality of subsequent Pu'erh ripe tea, the raw materials were classified as No.1, No.2 and No.3, and the refined materials were classified as No.4, No.5 and No.6. Finally, different grades of Pu'erh ripe tea were used as experimental materials, which were detected by tea sensory evaluation, electronic nose technology and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that 50 volatile substances were identified in different grades of Pu'erh ripe tea, mainly Methoxybenzene, followed by alcohols and alkenes. The results were basically consistent with that of C6 (be sensitive to methyl) sensor in the second main component, followed by C8 (be sensitive to alcohols, aldehydes and ketones) sensor. The results of LDA analysis of electronic nose were similar to those of GC-MS data tree analysis. The results also showed that methoxybenzene was the main substance determining the aging aroma in Pu'erh ripe tea. The relative content of trans linalool oxide (furan) was positively correlated with the grade of Pu'erh ripe tea, and the relative content of naphthalene was negatively correlated with the grade of Pu'erh ripe tea. In short, there were several differences in the volatile substances of Pu'erh ripe tea after different classification treatment. The research results could provide a scientific method for the quality improvement of machine picked and sun-dried green tea in the subsequent processing of Pu'erh ripe tea.

In order to determine the suitable cooking time of Morchella soup, the sensory indexes, volatile flavor substances and amino acids of Morchella soup boiled for 20, 40, 60 and 120 min were quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the color, smell and taste of Morchella soup were the best and the score was the highest when boiled for 40 min, and the score was significantly higher than that of other cooking time (P

There are a large number of pipelines/equipment and facilities need to be thermally insulated in the petroleum and petrochemical industry. However, in the practical operation, many problems may appear in the thermal insulation structures, such as thermal insulation structure failure and corrosion under the thermal insulation which could bring safety risks to the production. In this work, the causes and evaluation methods of thermal insulation structure failure as well as the life evaluation mehtods of thermal insulation structure in the above - mentioned industry were summarized. Meanwhile, the detection method of corrosion under the thermal insulation layer in such industry as well as some corresponding anticorrosion methods were reviewed, with the expectation of providing certain guidance for solving the corrosion problem under the thermal insulation layer in the petroleum and petrochemical industry.

Using quinoa and black medlar as compound additives, the adhesion and sensory scores were used as indicators to investigate the effects of quinoa slurry, black medlar powder, xylitol and lactic acid bacteria inoculation on quinoa black medlar sugar free yogurt. For the influence of quality, orthogonal experiment was carried out on the basis of single factor experiments to optimize the yogurt craft formula, and conduct research on physiochemical indexes, microbiological indexes, lactic acid bacteria counts and antioxidant activities. Results showed that the optimal processing parameters were as follows: Guinoa slurry 25%, black medlar powder 1.0%, xylitol 8%, lactic acid bacteria inoculation 1.0%. The yogurt made under this process had rich aroma of quinoa and black medlar, a sensory score of 93.2 and an adhesion of −2.35 N. At the same time, the physiochemical and microbiological indexes, lactic acid bacteria counts met the corresponding national food safety standard for yogurt. The IC50 of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in quinoa black medlar yogurt were 6.1 and 8.9 mg/mL, respectively, and the scavenging abilities were higher than those of the control group (35.9 and 40.5 mg/mL). The scavenging ability of DPPH and hydroxyl radical increased in different degrees during storage.

Objective To provide reference for formulating relatively unified quality control strategies and meeting the requirements of homogenization construction of blood banks across Chongqing area by retrospectively analyzing sampling results of different blood components during the past two years in all levels of blood banks in Chongqing area. Methods The key quality data of blood components prepared by 6 blood banks in Chongqing were analyzed retrospectively. According to the issuing units to the clinical during the past two years, the research objects were selected as leukocyte-depleted suspended RBCs, cryoprecipitate, pathogen inactivated fresh frozen plasma(FFP) and apheresis platelets. The quality data of the above-mentioned blood components from January 2019 to June 2021 were collected and analyzed. Results For leukocyte-depleted suspended RBCs(1U)prepared by 5 blood banks, statistically significant differences in Hb, residual white blood cells and hemolysis rate at the end of storage, except for Hct, were noticed(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of pitavastatin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and cholesterol efflux and antioxidative properties of HDL in patients with dyslipidemia and stable coronary disease. Methods The study population included 60 patients with stable coronary disease and dyslipidemia. They were randomly allocated to treatment by pitavastatin 2-4 mg per day or atorvastatin 10-20 mg per day and followed up for six months. The cholesterol efflux and activities of antioxidative enzymes paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) were evaluated before and after statins treatment. Results The effect of the 6-month treatment with pitavastatin on serum HDL-C level was significantly greater than that of atorvastatin (% change: pitavastatin 9.0% vs atorvastatin 1.8%, P＜0.01). HDL induced cholesterol efflux increased significantly after the 6- month treatment with pitavastatin while it not was affected by atorvastatin treatment. However, HDL-associated PON-1 in both pitavastatin group and atovastatin group all increased. The activity of PON-1 increased by 21% with pitavastatin and 24% with atorvastatin, while the activity of arylesterase increased by 18% with pitavastatin and 17% with atorvastatin (P＜0.001). Conclusions Pitavastatin elevates the HDL-C level, enhances the cholesterol efflux and antioxidative effect of HDL. Therefore, pitavastatin increases the amount of functional HDL without attenuating HDL quality.

Starch, a natural polymer compound, is formed by glucose molecules. The structure of starch from different sources is not same. Spectral technology has been widely used in the researches of starch structure because of its high sensitivity and accuracy, strong characteristic and non-destructive properties. Currently, the reviews on structure and properties of resistant starch (RS) by spectrum analysis are rarely reported. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the applications of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, infrared absorption spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction in banana resistant starch (BRS). Firstly, the principles and characteristics of each spectrum analysis technique are outlined. Then, their applications in the researches of amylose content, molecular structure, crystal type and crystallinity of banana starch and resistant starch are described. It is hoped that this review will provide a reference for the applications of spectrum analysis in the investigations of starch and resistant starch.

A case of Scalp Eccrine Nevus with Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum is reported. A 78 years old man had a soybean-sized tumor on his scalp at birth. Dermatological examination showed a patch in skin color and rose red color on the crown. Histopathological examination showed verrucous epidermal hyperplasia, and a large number of eccrine glands and ducts with normal structure in the lower dermis. The other changes in the epidermis included cystic invaginations from the epidermis into the dermis, and papillae lined by a double cell layer, and many plasma cells in the connective tissue. According to the patient' s medical history, clinical manifestations and histology, the final diagnosis was scalp eccrine nevus with syringocystadenoma papilliferum. Surgical excision of skin lesion and skin flap repair were given. There was no recurrence 18 months after operation upon telephone follow-up.

Effective association and rapid and accurate location of seismic phase in global network is one of the core problems of seismic monitoring and nuclear test ban verification. IDC has been devoted to improving the efficiency of automatic association of seismic phases and the quality of automatic processing of bulletins to reduce the workload of analysts. As the next generation of global network processing software in IDC，NET-VISA uses probability model and Bayesian method to find the most probable set of seismic events which can explain a series of arrivals detected by a seismic network and work out seismic bulletin. IDC’s test results show that NET-VISA produces a bulletin that is more complete and accurate than the SEL3 bulletin generated by GA which is currently used by IDC. This paper introduces the basic principle of the NET-VISA method and the test progress in CTBTO International data Center. Finally，the NET-VISA association results of the six North Korea nuclear tests are analyzed and compared.

In order to solve the problems of porosity,slag inclusion,shrinkage porosity,etc.,the influence of low pressure casting process parameters on filling and solidification of the AlSi9Mg gearbox shell was studied.Two different gating systems of the three-dimensional solid model were drawn with Pro/Engineer software,and the influence of pouring temperature,mold temperature and filling pressure on the alloy filling and solidification process during low pressure casting of the AlSi9Mg gearbox shell were studied through the method of numerical simulation using ProCAST software.Based on the experimental results,effective analysis was conducted with orthogonal test table.The result shows that the reasonable process parameters are as follows:Pouring temperature 700 ℃,mold temperature 350 ℃ and filling pressure 45 kPa,and under these process parameters,the defect volume of shrinkage pore of the casting is reduced from 1[KG-*4]537 cm3 to 1[KG-*4]425 cm3.The research on simulation and optimization of low-pressure casting process of AlSi9Mg gearbox lower shell can provide reference for optimization of low-pressure casting process of gearbox lower shell,and has practical application value.

The data access from the International Data Center under Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization via AutoDRM is described and the method of requesting and acquiring the IDC’s segment data of waveform in the NDC’s processing is introduced in the paper. The data request broker mail program to obtain data from International Data Center is designed，which can parse email and store the logical relationship between data requester and the requested data. Under the condition that total daily data requests are limited，the share of data is achieved and the needs of domestic authorized users are satisfied through the program. The program is proven to be stable and reliable and meets the design goals.

Objective: To investigate the effect of tubeimoside-1 on the phenotype of skin squamous cell carcinoma SCL-1 cells and possible mechanism of action. Methods: SCL-1 cells were divided into the control group and the treatment groups, including different doses (5, 10, 20 μg/mL) of tubeimoside-1 groups, si-NC group, si-circ_0000376 group, tubeimoside-1+ pcDNA group, and tubeimoside-1+pcDNA-circ_0000376 group. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation inhibition rate.Transwell was used to detect cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Ki-67, MMP-2, MMP-9, Bcl-2 and Bax. RT-qPCR method was used to detect the expression of circ_0000376 and miR-203. The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify the regulatory relationship between circ_0000376 and miR-203. Results: Compared with the control group, the proliferation inhibition rate, apoptosis rate and the Bax protein expression of cells in the tubeimoside-1 group were significantly increased (F=772.61, 352.20, 277.56, all P

Objective To evaluate the value of next⁃generation sequencing (NGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnosis of human herpesvirus encephalitis/meningitis. Methods The clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings of 5 patients with highly suspected human herpesvirus encephalitis/ meningitis from January to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and then the etiological sources were comprehensively analyzed combined with the results of NGS. Results All of the 5 patients had an acute onset, fever, headache and neck ankylosis. The CSF tests revealed a slight increased level of white blood cell count (74-260)×106/L. Among them, a total of 4-5406 nucleic acid sequences of human herpesvirus, including human herpesvirus typeⅠ(n=1), human herpesvirus typeⅢ(n=3) and human herpesvirus typeⅣ(n = 1) were detected by NGS, with the coverage varing from 0.08% to 81.01%. Conclusions NGS of CSF can assist the diagnosis of human herpesvirus encephalitis/meningitis, as well as viruses accurate classification, which is worth popularizing and applying in clinic. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.07.014

In order to find a more suitable wear-resistant material forming method for current industrial applications, WCp/Fe composites were prepared by the lost foam casting process, and the effects of the pouring method on the hardness and wear resistance of composites were studied. The results show that the hardness and wear resistance of the composite samples prepared by top pouring, gap pouring and bottom pouring are improved significantly after adding WC particles of different sizes. Compared with the filling process of top pouring and bottom pouring, the filling process of gap pouring is more stable, the hardness and wear resistance of the samples are higher, and the hardness and wear resistance of the samples increase with the decrease of WC particle size. When the WC particle size is 5.5 μm(2 500 mesh), the hardness reaches HRC 50, and the wear resistance increases by 2.21 times. The changes of hardness and wear resistance of the composite samples prepared by different pouring methods can provide a reference for the industrial production and application of WCp/Fe composites in lost foam casting.

Objective To analyze the risk and key prevention and control points of Staphylococcus aureus in a large broiler slaughterhouse and to provide guidance for the scientific prevention and control of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in broiler slaughter. Methods Combining the monitoring data and investigation data of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in a large broiler chicken slaughterhouse, a quantitative assessment model was constructed using @ RISK 7 software, and a quantitative assessment was conducted on the four stages of chicken slaughter (depilation, cleaning chamber, pre-cooling and segmentation). Results Our research determined the predictive growth and decline pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in slaughtering process. It showed that the pre-cooling and segmentation and transmission links were the main risk contributor links of Staphylococcus aureus contamination. The critical risk control points of Staphylococcus aureus in broiler slaughtering were the concentration of Staphylococcus aureus in precooled pool water and hand-borne Staphylococcus aureus in workers with the correlation coefficient of 0.62 and 0.50, respectively. Conclusion The identification of key control points and precise control measures of Staphylococcus aureus in broiler slaughtering can effectively guarantee the health and safety of terminal chicken products.

Objective To investigate the function of general chaperones in the secretion of two-partner-secretion (TPS) protein across the inner membrane to the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria. Methods The general chaperones were knocked-out and the strains were used to prepare spheroplast to see the effects on the secretion of FhaB*, which is a substrate of the representative model TPS substrates FhaB/FhaC system. Results Single knock-out of chaperones Skp,DegP,PpiD,YfgM and double knock-out of PpiD/YfgM has no or little effect on the secretion of FhaB* into the periplasm, while single knock-out of SurA or double knock-out of Skp/DegP severely affect the secretion of FhaB*. Conclusions There may be two molecular chaperone pathways mediated by SurA or by both SKP and DegP in Gram-negative bacteria, which can mediate the substrate protein of the two-partner-secretion system secretes into the peripheral space.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) inducing apoptosis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), especially focus on the role of NLRP3(NLR family pyrin domain protein 3) inflammasome. Methods After transfection with NLRP3 siRNA and NC siRNA, HPAECs from experimental group and control group were stimulated by 10% CSE for 12 h, annexin V/PI flow method was used to detect the apoptosis of the two groups of cells before and after CSE stimulation. Cultured HPAECs were further divided into four groups:control group, CSE group (10% CSE solution was added), NAC+CSE group (10 mmol/L NAC pretreatment for 1 h and then 10% CSE culture solution) and NAC group (10 mmol/L NAC treatment for 1 h). After 12 h culture, intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) were detected by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. The expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 was determined by Western blot. Results After CSE stimulation, the survival rate of HPAECs in siNC group decreased, and the apoptosis was significantly increased as compared with that before CSE stimulation (P＜0.05). After CSE stimulation, the apoptosis rate of siNLRP3 group decreased compared with that after the same CSE stimulation in siNC group (P＜0.05).The intracellular ROS level in the CSE group was significantly increased as compared with that in the control group, which in the NAC+CSE group was decreased compared with that in the CSE group (P＜0.05). In the CSE group, NLRP3 and caspase-1 were significantly increased compared with the control group, while the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in NAC+CSE group was lower than that in CSE group (P＜0.05). Conclusions CSE could induce apoptosis of HPAECs accompanied by increased NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle expression. Silencing of NLRP3 protein expression can inhibit the apoptotic effect of CSE on HPAEC.

Using the data collected from Doppler weather radar, FY satellite, automatic weather stations and NCEP reanalysis, we have conducted a comparative analysis of the three successive heavy rainfall events occurred in Guilin from June 6 to 12 in 2019 in terms of their circulation background, influence system and cause. The main results are as follow. (1) According to influence system the three events are warm-sector rainstorm, low-vortex rainstorm and frontal rainstorm, respectively, all of which occurred in the superimposed area of the divergence on the right side of upper-level jet and the convergence on the left side of low-level jet. (2) All three events are affected by short-wave troughs at 500 hPa and surface mesoscale convergence lines. In additon, the southwesterly low-level jet and terrain in the first event, the shear line with low vortex in the second event, and the cold front in the third event played an important role, respectively. (3) The trigger systems of the three events are different. The first warm-sector rainstorm event is triggered by windward slope terrain, and the southwest low-level jet maintains the convective clouds which is characterized by backward propagating. The second low-vortex rainstorm event is triggered by the southwest vortex in the low-level in Guizhou area, and in the event the intrusion of western cold air and the reinforcement of southwest low-level jets made the convective cloud with vortex last for a long time. The third frontal rainstorm event is triggered by cold front, which combined with warm and wet airflow in front of the front to strengthen the convective clouds. (4) The patterns of MCS that caused the first warm-sector rainstorm event are mainly the linear backward extension type, and the extremely precipitation occurred in the center and rear part of linear convection echoes. The pattern of MCS that induced the second vortex rainstorm event is the vorticity-stratiform type, and the extremely precipitation occurred near the center of vortex. The pattern of MCS that resulted in the third vortex rainstorm event is the convection system surrounded by stratiform cloud which is changed from linear convection in the rear of stratiform cloud area earlier stage, and the heavy rainfall occurred in the bend of linear convection or the center of strong echo.

Objective To discuss the related factors influencing the initiation time of forensic psychiatric assessment by analysis of the initiation time of forensic psychiatric assessment of criminal cases in Hunan Province. Methods Related data in assessment files of criminal cases accepted by 8 forensic psychiatric assessment institutions in Hunan Province from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2016 were extracted. The Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the initiation time of forensic psychiatric assessment. After using property score matching （PSM） to control the influence of confounding factors, the efficiency of public security organs to initiate assessments of suspects with （without） mental disorders and with （without） responsibilities were compared. Results A total of 4 346 cases were included. The Logistic regression analysis suggested that the factors independently related to the initiation time of assessment include： cause of assessment, nationality of the assessed, history of diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses, history of crimes, history of drug abuse, and status of alcohol consumption before the crime （all P

The rapid development of network and information technology have profoundly changed the way of human life,work and thinking.However,in sharp contrast to technological development and subscriber growth,the global cyberspace security situation is becoming increasingly complex.Therefore,the importance of cyberspace security should be emphasized,and building safe and stable cyberspace is of great significance in the Internet plus era.The fact that the scale of the network continues to expand,the application model becomes more and more innovative,and the application environment becomes more and more complex brings a lot of new security issues.Based on this consideration,the influence of Internet plus on cyberspace security and the technology development trend was analyzed,and the countermeasures and suggestions were given.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disease and is mainly caused by dopamine neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the human brain. It has become "the third killer" after tumor and cardio-cerebrovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly people at present. In recent years, the development of multimodal MRI [including structural MRI (sMRI), functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tension imaging (DTI), etc.] and the introduction of complex network analysis based on graph theory provide a new and effective method for researchers to explore the changes of brain structure and function in PD patients. The article mainly reviews the research progress of structural and functional brain networks in PD patients that are established based on multimodal MRI and complex network analysis based on graph theory, so as to provide new imaging markers for the early diagnosis of PD. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.01.004

Objective To summarize the clinical features, serologic, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests in patients with neurosyphilis at different stages. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical features, imaging, serologic and CSF tests, treatment and prognosis of 12 cases diagnosed as neurosyphilis. In those cases, 5 cases were early-stage neurosyphilis, including 4 syphilitic meningitis (meningomyelitis) and one meningovascular syphilis; 7 cases were late-stage neurosyphilis, all of whom were general paresis. Results The serum Treponema pallidum antibody (TP-Ab) and rapid plasma regain (RPR) tests were positive in all 12 cases. The CSF TP-Ab tests of 12 cases were all positive and CSF RPR tests were positive in 9 cases. In 5 cases of early-stage neurosyphilis, one case had elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), 3 cases presented with elevated white blood cell (WBC), 4 cases had elevated protein concentration. In 7 cases of late-stage neurosyphilis, one case had elevated ICP, 7 cases presented with elevated WBC and protein concentration. CSF cytology showed lymphocyte reaction, mainly small lymphocytes. All cases were treated with different doses of intravenous penicillin or ceftriaxone sodium by intramuscular injection, among whom 8 cases presented improved neuropsychiatric symptoms, while 4 cases had no significant improvement. Conclusions Neurosyphilis is easy to be misdiagnosed because of various styles of onset and nontypical clinical manifestations. A definite diagnosis depends on clinical manifestations and serologic and CSF examinations. Early diagnosis and standard treatment is essential for improving prognosis and reducing complications. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.07.005

Background Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is a rare kind of central nervous system tumor typically occurring in children or adolescents under the age of 20. The tumor commonly arises in the region of the foramen of Monro. Most SEGA patients present distinctive histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Methods The clinical features, histopathological findings and immunohistochemical staining in one case of SEGA were analyzed, and the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this disease with literature review were studied. Results A 13-year-old female patient presented dizziness, headache and vomiting. Cranial MRI examination showed abnormal signals in the left lateral ventricle near the foramen of Monro, and exhibited heterogeneous enhancement after contrast. Histologically, the tumor was composed of clustering of fibrillated spindle cells and giant cells with abundant cytoplasm, and they were mixed. Glassy hyaline cytoplasm and eccentric vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli were frequently seen in the giant tumor cells. Some of the giant cells appeared to resemble gemistocytic astrocytes or ganglion cells. Considerable nuclear pleomorphism and multinuclear cells were frequently seen. There was no significant microvascular proliferation or necrosis. Immunohistochemical findings showed diffuse and strong positivity in tumor cells for vimentin (Vim), and partial positivity for S-100 protein (S-100), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). A few giant tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin (Syn), but negative for neurofilament protein (NF), neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and cytokeratin (CK). Ki-67 labeling index was very low (< 1%). Conclusions SEGA is a benign central nervous system tumor (WHOⅠ). It has distinctive clinical and histopathological features, and should be differentiated from gemistocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, gangliocytoma and giant cell glioblastoma. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.11.014

Objective To explore the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of intracranial malignant melanoma metastasis. Methods Analysed the clinical features, histopathologic findings and immunohistochemical staining in 2 lesions of one case with multiple intracranial malignant melanoma metastasis, and studied the diagnosis and differentiation of this disease with literature review. Results The pathologic findings of the 2 lesions located in the right frontal lobe and right temporal lobe were dissimilar to each other. The previous lesion presented as old hematoma was composed of a few papilliform structures within sheet of bleeding with capillaries and fibrous tissue surrounded by epithelioid cells. The following lesion in the right temporal lobe was predominantly composed of spindle cells with rich cytoplasm, marked nuclear atypia and eosinophile nucleoli that arranged in cell nests and fascicles. Brisk mitotic activity and necrosis could also be seen in the tumor. Left inguinal lymph nodes metastasis notable with thick melan in granule inside and outside the tumor cells was found, and the tumor cells were similar to those of the lesion in the right temporal lobe. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies for S-100 protein (S-100), HMB45, Melan-A, vimentin (Vim), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin (CK), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), synaptophysin (Syn) and neurofilament protein (NF) was performed. A diffuse reactivity of the neoplastic cells for S-100 protein, HMB45, Melan-A, vimentin was observed. EMA presented partially positive. All other markers were negative. Conclusion The histopathologic findings of intracranial malignant melanoma metastasis are quite complicated. Although the clinical case history and neuroimaging are important, the diagnosis of the disease is dependent on immunohistochemical staining method. It must be differentiated from metastatic carcinomas, meningeal tumors, malignant lymphomas and other melanocytic neoplasms. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2011.04.018

To optimize well spacing and injection rate in horizontal well flood pattern, formulae of the reasonable injection rate and well spacing are derived under fraction and no-fraction conditions respectively using filtration theory. The formulae take into account the fluid flow in low-permeability and thin reservoirs, and assume that horizontal well injection is rigid water driving. According to these formulae, the influencing factors of pressure loss on the horizontal section are diameter of casing pipe, production rate, and length of horizontal section. For a well with fixed casing diameter and horizontal section length, the influencing factors of pressure loss on horizontal section is only production or injection rate; for a reservoir, the influencing factors of maximal well space are length of horizontal section, oil production rate and water injection rate. The research results are applied in the Hade 4 thin layer sandstone reservoir of Tarim Oilfield. The designed flood pattern decreases injection pressure, augments injection, and keeps field pressure. Key words: horizontal well, horizontal well injection, well spacing optimization, low-permeability reservoir, thin layer reservoir