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Objective: To investigate the utility of texture data based on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining intervertebral disc degeneration in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Materials and Methods：From October 2016 and March 2020, 122 patients with AIS and 40 volunteers who underwent 3.0T MRI were prospectively included. The following MRI texture data were generated: (1) mean, (2) standard deviation, (3) max, (4) min, (5) the fifth, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles; (6) skewness; (7) kurtosis; and (8) entropy. The Pfirrmann system was used to evaluate the intervertebral discs of all participants. Patients with Pm I were divided into groups 1 and 2. Volunteers were classified into 0. Differences and correlations between the groups were analyzed. Results: The mean, standard deviation, max, entropy and the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles in group 2 were significantly lower than those in group 1 and group 0; the min in group 2 was significantly lower than in group 0; the skewness in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1 and group 0; the kurtosis in group 2 was significantly lower than in group 1; the skewness in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 0 and the standard deviation, min, kurtosis and 5th, 10th, 25th, and 50th percentiles in group 1 were significantly lower than those in group 0. Conclusion: Texture analysis can be used to assess early degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs of patients with AIS.

Pre-training refers to the process of training deep neural network parameters on a large corpus before a specific task model performs a particular task. This approach enables downstream tasks to fine-tune the pre-trained model parameters based on a small amount of labeled data, eliminating the need to train a new model from scratch. Currently, research on named entity recognition (NER) using pre-trained language model (PLM) only uses the last layer of the PLM to express output when facing challenges such as complex entity naming methods and fuzzy entity boundaries in the agricultural field. This approach ignores the rich information contained in the internal layers of the model themselves. To address these issues, a named entity recognition method based on progressive convolutional networks has been proposed. This method stores natural sentences and outputs representations of each layer obtained through PLM. The intermediate outputs of the pre-trained model are sequentially convolved to extract shallow feature information that may have been overlooked previously. Using the progressive convolutional network module proposed in this research, the adjacent two-layer representations are convolved from the first layer, and the fusion result continues to be convolved with the next layer, resulting in enhanced sentence embedding that includes the entire information dimension of the model layer. The method does not require the introduction of external information, which makes the sentence representation contain richer information. Research has shown that the sentence embedding output of the model layer near the input contains more fine-grained information, such as phrases and phrases, which can assist with NER problems in the agricultural field. Fully utilizing the computational power already used, the results obtained can enhance the representation embedding of sentences. Finally, the conditional random field (CRF) model was used to generate the global optimal sequence. On a constructed agricultural dataset containing four types of agricultural entities, the proposed method's comprehensive indicator F1 value increased by 3.61% points compared to the basic BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers) model. On the open dataset MSRA, the F1 value also increased to 94.96%, indicating that the progressive convolutional network can enhance the model's ability to represent natural language and has advantages in NER tasks.

Water and fertilizer integration technology can effectively improve nutrient utilization efficiency. However, the existing water and fertilizer machines have some shortcomings, such as huge cost, single fertilizer injection, need for cleaning water and so on, which hinder the development of water and fertilizer integration technology. Aiming at the problems of precise and low-cost compounding of compound fertilizer at the local farm, the water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation and fertilization system were taken as the research object. In this research, new concept of an intelligent sensing system was proposed， and accurate proportioning system of water and fertilizer concentration was constructed and implemented. Firstly, a fast on-line method of intelligent sensing model of water and fertilizer was established based on a series of concentration gradient compound fertilizer solutions. The conductivity values of these formulated solutions were tested by contactless conductivity detection electrodes. Subsequently, the data analysis algorithms were discussed and compared to fit regression model. Based on the intelligent sensing model of water and fertilizer , the framework structure of in-situ intelligent sensing and accurate proportioning system of water and fertilizer concentration was designed, and the working principle of the system was also explained. The system proposed includs a first-level water and fertilizer concentration intelligent perception model building subsystem and a second-level water and fertilizer accurate proportioning subsystem. The first-level subsystem was designed as a portable device, which mainly included a precise pump for quantitative dosing, a large-range online conductivity sensor, a plastic bucket and supporting control and model building software. The second-level subsystem was designed as a dynamic and precise fertilizer distribution device. The effectiveness of the system was verified by three types of water intelligent fertilizer application so as to guide the in-situ water and fertilizer concentration ratio. The testing results showed that the second-order polynomial fitting curve under regularization conditions was the best model to express the relationship between the conductivity and the concentration of water and fertilizer, and the correlation coefficients R2 was higher than 0.999. Combined with the proportion of each index of compound fertilizer, the concentration of each index of compound fertilizer that the user cares about can be obtained according to this model. The results of three types of water intelligent fertilizer application showed that the conductivity of natural water had an effect on the water and fertilizer system, and the relative deviation was more than 0.1. The online water and fertilizer perception and ratio system proposed in this research realized the elimination of the interference of the local water conductivity on the accuracy of the ratio of water and fertilizer, and the accurate calculation of compound fertilizer was achieved through model calculation. This system has a simple structure and accurate ratio, low cost， and can be easily combined with the existing water and fertilizer integrated machine or artificial fertilizer system. The system could be widely used in facility agriculture, orchard cultivation and field cash crop cultivation, et al.

Background and objective Lung adenocarcinomas are proposed to originate from the malignant transformation of bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASC). This hypothesis, however, has not been confirmed in humans yet.In the present study, we determined to analyze the BASC properties in human lung adenocarcinoma stem cells. MethodsThe human lung adenocarcinoma stem cells were obtained by flow cytometry (FCM) and induced with the sphereforming assay. The markers associated with BASC were measured by immunofluorescent staining, and their metastatic capacity was evaluated by injecting into NOD/SCID mice via tail vein. Results The majority of A549 and SPC-A1 humanlung adenocarcinoma cells expressed the type Ⅱ alveolar cell-specific marker SP-C. However, a minority of cells also expressed the bronchiolar Clara cell-specific marker CCSP and the embryonic stem cell marker OCT4, suggesting that these cells may belong to cancer stem cells with BASC properties. The CD24＋CD221＋ human lung adenocarcinoma stem cells were purified by FCM and then subjected to the immunofluorescent staining. The results documented that thesecells had the phenotype of CCSP＋SP-C＋OCT4＋, with the same phenotype as mouse BASC. Furthermore, the floatgrowing spheres (named pulmospheres) were developed after 2-week incubation of cancer cells in the serum-free medium containing EGF, IGF-1, and FGF-10. Again, the resultant pulmosphere cells had the phenotype of BASC. These cellswere able to differentiate when incubated for two weeks in serum-containing conditions, exhibiting the loss of CCSP and OCT4 markers. Animal studies indicated that the pulmosphere cells had the highly metastatic capacity. Conclusion The human lung adenocarcinoma stem cells may originate from the transformation of BASC, as their mouse counterparts. These primitive cancer cells are characterized to express the BASC markers as well as the embryonic stem cell gene OCT4 .

Gut microbiome is the most direct external environment of human body, which plays a vital role in maintaining human health. Gut microbiome maintains the homeostasis of the human immune system, which can coexist with the host and affect the nutrition, metabolism and immune function. Gut microbiome makes a mutual connection with the nervous system through the immune and endocrine systems, namely the "microbe - gut - brain" axis. Gut microbiome disorders can cause abnormal immune responses in the nervous system and the periphery, participating in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the research progress of gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs), autoimmune encephalitis (AE), myasthenia gravis (MG), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and other classic autoimmune diseases of the nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To explore independent risk factors of rebleeding and construct a prediction model and risk scoring system of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB). Methods·A total of 686 patients with ANVUGIB admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019 were collected. The general conditions, clinical characteristics, laboratory results, endoscopic findings and prognosis were recorded. The Baylor score, Rockall score, Glasgow Blatchford Score (GBS), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Predictive Index (CSMCPI), AIMS65 and MAP (ASH) for each patient were calculated. The collected data were randomly divided into a training set (n=481) and a validation set (n=205). A new prediction model for rebleeding was established by binary Logistic regression based on the training set data. The discrimination and calibration of the training and validation set were evaluated respectively, and then the model was transformed into a risk scoring system. The comparisons between the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were based on the Delong test. Results·Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that low systolic blood pressure, low hemoglobin level, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade>3, and endoscopic findings of clots, visible vessels and active bleeding were independent risk factors for rebleeding. The area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model was 0.892 (95% CI 0.838 - 0.946, P=0.001), Hosmer-Lemeshow test P=0.934. The validation set AUC=0.915 (95% CI 0.851 - 0.980, P=0.001), Hosmer- Lemeshow test P=0.871. The scoring system (AUC=0.882, 95% CI 0.823 - 0.942) was better at predicting rebleeding than all other scores mentioned except MAP (ASH) score (P<0.05). Conclusion·The scoring system could predict rebleeding after ANVUGIB, which could be an option in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in ten districts of Shenzhen from 2012 to 2018 were analyzed to reveal the epidemic trend of foodborne diseases in Shenzhen, and we provide basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of foodborne diseases reported by the foodborne disease surveillance system of 627 community health service centers in Shenzhen from 2012 to 2018, including age, gender, region, types of foodborne diseases and initial diagnosis. Results A total of 254 223 case-times were reported from 2012 to 2018, with the lowest incidence of 7.26 per 10 000 in 2012 and the highest incidence of 61.86 per 10 000 in 2017, and the incidence fell to the level of 2014 in 2018. The ratio of male to female incidence was 1.20:1. The total number of male patients was more than female patients, and the difference was statistically significant. From 2015 to 2018, the incidence rate of males in 2016 and 2017 was significantly higher than that of females. The number of cases in August was the most, accounting for 9.77%, and the number of cases in April was the least, accounting for 6.58%. The highest average incidence was found in Nanshan District (36.70/10 000), and the lowest was found in Yantian District (3.30/10 000). Among all age groups, the number of cases between 31 and 40 years old was the largest, accounting for 29.01%, and the number of cases over 71 years old was the least, accounting for 1.40%. Among the main types of foodborne diseases, bacterial foodborne diseases accounted for the highest (88.66%), while toxic animal foodborne diseases accounted for the lowest (0.03%). The incidence of various types of foodborne diseases in different administrative units was the same, and the incidence of bacterial foodborne diseases was the highest. Conclusion The cases of foodborne diseases in Shenzhen have the characteristics of time, region and population epidemic. It is necessary to strengthen the targeted health education, supervision and management, and improve the monitoring ability of foodborne diseases to control the occurrence of foodborne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) is the prodromal syndrome of vascular dementia (VaD) and key target for drug treatment. There is controversy over the diagnostic criteria and screening tools of VaMCI, which affects its clinical diagnosis. This paper aims to explore the clinical features, diagnostic criteria and screening technique of VaMCI. Methods Taking "vascular mild cognitive impairment OR vascular cognitive impairment no dementia" as retrieval terms, search in PubMed database from January 1997 to March 2015 and screen relevant literatures concerning VaMCI. According to Guidance for the Preparation of Neurological Management Guidelines revised by European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) in 2004, evidence grading was performed on literatures. Results A total of 32 literatures in English were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 3 guidelines and consensus and 29 clinical studies. Seven literatures (2 on Level I, 5 on Level II) studied on neuropsychological features in VaMCI patients and found reduced processing speed and executive function impairment were main features. Two literatures reported the diagnostic criteria of VaMCI, including VaMCI criteria published by American Heart Association (AHA)/American Stroke Association (ASA) in 2011 and "Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Disorders" published by International Society for Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders (VASCOG) in 2014. Fifteen literatures (4 on Level I, II on Level II) described the diagnostic criteria of VaMCI used in clinical research, from which 6 operational diagnostic items were extracted. Fourteen literatures (4 on Level I, 10 on Level II) described neuropsychological assessment tools for VaMCI screening, and found the 5-minute protocol recommended by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - Canadian Stroke Network (NINDS- CSN) was being good consistency with other neuropsychological assessment tools. Conclusions The neuropsychological features of VaMCI have guiding significance for diagnosis. VASCOG diagnostic criteria for VaMCI is practical in clinical practice, and 5-minute protocol is suitable for clinical rapid screening of VaMCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the process management, instrumentation management, process setting, catalysts configuration and other aspects, the existing problems of sulfur dioxide emissions of sulfur recovery unit are analyzed. Then the countermeasures are put forward to ensure that the emission concentration of sulfur dioxide from sulfur recovery unit can meet the new requirements of the national standard Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants that will soon be issued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of the CT series catalysts in two sets of sulfur recovery units which processed S Zorb flue gas n Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company are introduced in terms of catalyst activity, service life, the conversion of sulfur and he SO2 emission consistence of sulfur recovery unit. The operation for two years shows that operation parameters of the unit is regular, the catalyst maintains a high activity, the anti -sulfation and anti "oxygen leakage" property is good, the SO2 emision consistence of sulfur recycle unit which has treated S Zorb flue gas to meet the requirements of GB 16297-1996 Integrated emission standard of air pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marxism humanistic basis of harmonious society theory is not dialectical materialism or materialistic dialectics; instead, it is historical science of Marxism, which is humanities. Critical perspective of the essence of human life, the uplift of man's free subjectivity and the historical establishment of man's full scale development are the innermost spiritual association between harmonious society theory and Marxism, and the basis for the newest achievement allowing us to understand harmonious society theory as sinicization of Marxism. In this article, it is pointed out that the objectification of people's essential strength is the material precondition of harmonious society theory, the generation of people's social essence is the core of harmonious society theory, and people's overall development is the very value of harmonious society theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wreck salvage scheme is designed for the integral salvage of “Yangtze River Estuary II” ancient ship, using the curved beam system to implement salvage. Before formally threading the curved beam, the end plate longitudinal beam assembly (salvage frame) should be hoisted and lowered to the sea bottom along the positioning pile. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the beam threading process, the hoisting scheme should be considered in the design of the hoisting scheme to control the deformation of the fishing frame during the hoisting process, and a set of multi-point hoisting scheme is designed. In addition, the ring sling with certain elasticity is used as the connecting rigging to connect the hanger and the fishing frame, which can effectively control the overall deformation of the fishing frame and have a certain buffering effect on the overall force of the fishing frame. This study verifies the feasibility of this lifting and lowering scheme, which can improve the technical support for lifting and lowering of the salvage frame for the overall salvage of large-tonnage shipwrecks in the future, providing a certain reference for the subsequent offshore lifting and lowering of similar large-scale steel structures with high deformation requirements.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep-related disease. Evidence has shown that OSAS may increase the risk of developing arterial stiffness (AS) , but the mechanism of action still needs to be further explored. Objective To explore the mediating effect of waist circumference (WC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) on the association between OSAS and AS. Methods A total of 1 053 health examinees were selected from Physical Examination Center, the First People's Hospital of Fuquan City from March 23 to November 30, 2022. General demographic data were collected. The risk of OSAS was assessed using the STOP-Bang Questionnaire (high or low risk of OSAS was diagnosed by STOP-Bang score ≥4 points or

The aroma components of two grades of Huangjincha tea 2 were investigated by using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to establish their aroma fingerprints. The results were analyzed using chemometrics. Totally 81 aroma components were identified, 41 of which were common to both. Based on these common aroma components, the two grades could be discriminated by orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA), and nine differential aroma components between them were identified including heptanal, limonene, trans-β-ocimene, 1-octanol, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, trans-nerolidol, 1,10-diepicubenol, epicubenol, and methyl hexadecanoate. A linear discriminant model to distinguish the two grades was established using the differential aroma components as independent variables. The self-validation and cross-validation accuracy of this model were 100%. These results may provide an objective and quantitative reference for the classification of Huangjincha 2.

Landslide is one of the most common geological hazards,it causes significant damage to people’s life and property everyyear.In order to prevent and control landslides,it is necessary to monitor the land surface extensively.However,insurmountable difficulties such as severe climate and high monitoring cost impede the collection of land surface data,resulting in incomplete local data,unbalanced data sampling and dynamic changes of monitoring points,which hinder the prevention and control research of landslide and put forward new demand to the data collection and analysis.Existing methods try to handle incomplete data from spatial perspective,which,however,ignore temporal dependencies that are important for data interpolation.To solve the above problems,the incomplete INSAR data filling is studied,the spatio-temporal dependence is modeled by using the spatio-temporal mask matrix,the multi-level spatial relationship is comprehensively studied by using multi-head attention,and a novel Kriging interpolation method using spatio-temporal attention is proposed on the basis of Kriging.It realizes the deep understanding of complex temporal and spatial features.Interpolation experiments on real-world INSAR datasets show that the proposed model is capable to learn sophisticated spatial and temporal features effectively,and achieves better performance than the state-of-the-art methods in three different data interpolation scenarios.

More and more electronic devices are integrated into the modern vehicles with the development of intelligent vehicles. There are various design flaws and vulnerabilities hidden in a large number of hardware, firmware and software. Therefore, the vulnerabilities of intelligent vehicles have become the most important factor affecting the vehicle safety. The safety of vehicles is seriously affected by the disclosure of a large number of vulnerabilities, and the wide application of smart cars is also restricted. Vulnerability management is an effective method to reduce the risk of vulnerabilities and improve vehicle security. And vulnerability scoring is one the important step in vulnerability management procedure. However, current method have no capability assessing automotive vulnerabilities reasonably. In order to handle this problem, a vulnerability scoring model for intelligent vehicles was proposed, which was based on CVSS. The attack vector and attack complexity were optimized, and property security, privacy security, functional safety and life safety were added to characterize the possible impact of the vulnerabilities according to the characteristics of intelligent vehicles. With the machine learning method, the parameters in CVSS scoring formula were optimized to describe the characteristics of intelligent vehicle vulnerabilities and adapt to the adjusted and new added weights. It is found in case study and statistics that the diversity and distribution of the model are better than CVSS, which means the model can better score different vulnerabilities. And then AHP is used to evaluate the vulnerability of the whole vehicle based on the vulnerability score of the model, a score is given representing the risk level of whole vehicle. The proposed model can be used to evaluate the severity of information security vulnerabilities in intelligent vehicles and assess the security risks of the entire vehicle or part of the system reasonably, which can provide an evidence for fixing the vulnerabilities or reinforcing the entire vehicle.

The secret key generation method based on channel characteristic provides a new way for communication security.But under the conditions of multiuser and slow fading,because of the slow channel parameter changing rate,using the secret key generation method above can result in a low secret key rate.To solve this problem,a multiuser secret key generation method based on the received signal was proposed.By distributing the random signals to different users using block diagonalization precoding,base station and user can extract the secret key from the received signal.The novel method could significantly increase the secret key rate of multiuser under the quasi-static channel and slow-fading channel,which is verified by simulations.

Background Vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) is the prodromal syndrome of vascular dementia (VaD) and key target for drug treatment. There is controversy over the diagnostic criteria and screening tools of VaMCI, which affects its clinical diagnosis. This paper aims to explore the clinical features, diagnostic criteria and screening technique of VaMCI. Methods Taking "vascular mild cognitive impairment OR vascular cognitive impairment no dementia" as retrieval terms, search in PubMed database from January 1997 to March 2015 and screen relevant literatures concerning VaMCI. According to Guidance for the Preparation of Neurological Management Guidelines revised by European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) in 2004, evidence grading was performed on literatures. Results A total of 32 literatures in English were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 3 guidelines and consensus and 29 clinical studies. Seven literatures (2 on Level Ⅰ, 5 on Level Ⅱ) studied on neuropsychological features in VaMCI patients and found reduced processing speed and executive function impairment were main features. Two literatures reported the diagnostic criteria of VaMCI, including VaMCI criteria published by American Heart Association (AHA)/American Stroke Association (ASA) in 2011 and "Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Disorders" published by International Society for Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders (VASCOG) in 2014. Fifteen literatures (4 on LevelⅠ, 11 on Level Ⅱ) described the diagnostic criteria of VaMCI used in clinical research, from which 6 operational diagnostic items were extracted. Fourteen literatures (4 on Level Ⅰ, 10 on Level Ⅱ) described neuropsychological assessment tools for VaMCI screening, and found the 5-minute protocol recommended by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network (NINDS-CSN) was being good consistency with other neuropsychological assessment tools. Conclusions The neuropsychological features of VaMCI have guiding significance for diagnosis. VASCOG diagnostic criteria for VaMCI is practical in clinical practice, and 5-minute protocol is suitable for clinical rapid screening of VaMCI. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.07.007

Objective: To investigate the offline clinical effect of external diaphragm pacemaker (EDP) combination with High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in postoperative severe cerebral hemorrhage patients. Methods: A total of 123 severe postoperative severe cerebral hemorrhage patients with tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation (MV) were selected, who were admitted in NICU of PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center from October 2016 to December 2019. These patients were randomly divided into the High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) group ( n= 63) and HFNC+EDP group ( n= 60). In the HFNC group, the HFNC was given to the patients who were off ventilator. The HFNC+EDP group was added on the basis of treatment in the HFNC group, once a day and 30 minutes each time. Results: Compared to the HFNC group, the oxygenation index (OI) of the HFNC+EDP group was higher in the next 1, 12, 24 and 48 hour [(209±15) mmHg vs (218±18) mmHg, (215±14) mmHg vs (222±17) mmHg, (223±13) mmHg vs (235±15) mmHg, (236±7) mmHg vs (257±12) mmHg, P< 0.05]. The offline time was shorter [(13±3) d vs (12±3) d, P< 0.05]. The excursion of diaphragm was higher [(1.94±0.08) cm vs (2.91±0.11) cm, P< 0.05]. The length of stay in NICU was shorter [(33±14) d vs (28±9) d, P< 0.05]. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was higher when being discharged from the NICU (5.9±2.1 vs 7.8±0.4, P< 0.05) and the hospital (9.9±2.1 vs 11.0±2.0, P< 0.05). Conclusions: EDP combination with HFNC can increase the excursion of diaphragm, shorten the offline time and length of stay in the NICU, thereby enhancing the early recovery and improving the prognosis.

Pyroelectric X-ray generator is implemented, and an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer is accomplished by combining the pyroelectric X-ray generator with a high energy resolution silicon drift detector. Firstly, the parameters of the X-ray generator are decided by analyzing and calculating the influence of the thickness of the pyroelectriccrystal and the thickness of the target on emitted X-ray. Secondly, the emitted X-ray is measured. The energy of emitted X-ray is from 1 to 27 keV, containing the characteristic X-ray of Cu and Ta, and the max counting rate is more than 3 000 per second. The measurement also proves that the detector of the spectrometer has a high energy resolution which the FWMH is 210 eV at 8. 05 keV. Lastly, samples of Fe, Ti, Cr and high-Ti basalt are analyzed using the spectrometer, and the results are agreed with the elements of the samples. It shows that the spectrometer consisting of a pyroelectric X-ray generator and a silicon drift detector is effective for element analysis. Additionally, because each part of the spectrometer has a small volume, it can be easily modified to a portable one which is suitable for non-destructive, on-site and quick element analysis.

Objective: Chinese herbal medicine has been extensively used in the treatment of vascular dementia (VaD), but lacked systematic review on its efficacy and safety. So we conducted a systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine in treating VaD., Methods: CNKI, CBM, PubMed, and Wiley Online Library were retrieved for randomized trials (RCTs) on Chinese herbal medicine treating VaD patients. Randomized parallel control trials by taking Chinese herbal medicine as one treatment method and placebos/cholinesterase inhibitors/Memantine hydrochloride as the control were included. Quality rating and data extraction were performed. RevMan5.2.0 Software was used for meta-analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) at 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to indicate effect indicators of results., Results: Seven RCTs met the inclusive criteria. Totally 677 VaD patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group. Descriptive analyses were performed in inclusive trials. The cognitive function was assessed in all trials. Results showed Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE) score was better in the Chinese herbal medicine group than in the placebo group, but with no significant difference when compared with the donepezil group (P > 0.05). Adverse reactions were mainly manifested as gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain in the Chinese herbal medicine group. But they occurred more in the donepezil group than in the Chinese herbal medicine group., Conclusions: The methodological quality of included trials was poor with less samples. Results of different trials were lack of consistency. Present evidence is not sufficient to prove or disapprove the role of Chinese herbal medicine in improving clinical symptoms and outcome indicators of VaD patients. Their clinical efficacy and safety need to be supported by more higher quality RCTs.

The biogeochemical behavior of arsenic in the aquatic environment has already captured the attentions of scientists due to its complex forms and toxicity. Four cruises were carried out in April, August, October 2011 and January 2012 in the Sanggou Bay. The concentrations of total dissolved inorganic arsenic (TDIAs, TDIAs = [ As(5+] + [As(3+)]) and arsenite (As(3+)) were measured by Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS). The concentrations of TDIAs ranged from 3.4-12.4 nmol x L(-1) in April, 8.9-16.9 nmol x L(-1) in August, 14.7-21.3 nmol x L(-1) in October and 13.8-21.9 nmol x L(-1) in January. The concentrations of arsenite ranged from 0.3-2.1 nmol x L(-1), 0.4-3.8 nmol x L(-1), 1.8-4.0 nmol x L(-1) and 0.3-2.9 nmol x L(-1) during four cruises, respectively. The concentrations of TDIAs in spring and summer were lower than those in autumn and winter, and high values of TDIAs appeared in the bay-mouth and the coastal estuary. The concentrations of arsenite in spring and winter were lower than those in summer and autumn. The maximum As(3+)/TDIAs ratios appeared in summer. The mean value of TDIAs in the Sanggou Bay was (13.9 +/- 4.7) nmol x L(-1), which was lower than the national primary drinking in water Standards from USEPA and met the first grade water quality based on the environmental quality standards for surface water of China. It indicates that there is no obvious anthropogenic pollution. The concentrations of TDIAs in the Sanggou Bay were lower than those in the Ailian Bay and the Lidao Bay in spring and summer due to the different hydrological environments and terrestrial inputs. Riverine input, incursion of Yellow Sea and biological activities were the three main factors impacting the distribution of TDIAs in the Sanggou Bay, and the influence of aquaculture activities was particularly significant. The enrichment of arsenic by aquaculture may lead to potential ecological crisis and food safety problems, and need to be paid more attentions to ensure the sustainable development of aquaculture in the Sanggou Bay.

Objective: To obtain the baseline data and decision of quantitative analysis for the allocation of scarce health care resources,and for the health policymaking about easing the disease burden, to provide estimation of the economic costs and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) loss of the coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) and to explore the influencing factors of the disease burden., Methods: The CWP inpatients from the Institute of Occupational Diseases Prevention and Control of a Coal Mining Group for 2011 were recruited in the study. Multiple dimensions of the disease burden were measured in the inception cohort of the 194 CWP inpatients: the direct economic burden, the indirect economic burden and the DALYs loss. The direct economic burden of the inpatients included hospitalization expenses and food allowances and nutritional supplements. The indirect economic burden was estimated using the DALYs and human capital approach,and the influencing factors of hospitalization expenses were analyzed in this study., Results: The estimated direct economic burden for the 194 CWP inpatients for 2011 was approximately 4.68 million yuan and direct burden per capita was 24 108.05 yuan, and their indirect burden about 6.98 million yuan and indirect burden per capita 35 977.36 yuan. The study discovered that 1 681.53 health years were lost for the CWP inpaitents and per capita health years loss (8.67±3.65) years., Conclusion: The medical cost, the indirect cost and the DALYs loss of CWP are all sizable. Age and length of stay in the hospital are the major influencing factors for high hospitalization expenses. The hospitalization expenses of the CWP inpatients increase with their age and length of stay in the hospital. Taking effective measures to reduce the morbility is the key point to reduce the CWP burden.

Objective: To explore the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the function of alveolar polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats complicated with lung injury (LI)., Methods: Forty-eight adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., the sham-operation group, the SAP group, and the GBE treatment group, 16 in each group. The SAP model was successfully induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate solution into the biliopancreatic duct. Rats in the sham-operation group only received flipping of the duodenum. Those in the GBE treatment group received GBE intervention based on SAP model. Equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in the sham-operation group and the SAP group. Rats were sacrificed at 6 and 12 h after operation respectively. The lung tissue was sampled to evaluate the LI score. The wet/dry ratio (W/D) of lung tissues was detected. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured. Alveolar PMN was harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage. The content of neutrophil elastase (NE) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). The percentage of CD11b/CD18 double positive PMN was detected using flow cytometry. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and NE protein in the lung tissue was detected by Western blot., Results: Compared with the sham-operation group, significant pathologic lesion occurred in the lung tissue of rats in the SAP group; the pathologic LI score, lung tissue W/D ratio, MPO, and NE content in BALF significantly increased, the expression of ICAM-1 and NE in the lung tissue was obviously up-regulated, and the percentage of CD11b/CD18 double positive PMN significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the SAP group, pathological lesion of the lung tissue was obviously attenuated, and the above indices were all significantly declined in the GBE treatment group (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Expression of ICAM-1 in the lung tissue and the percentage of D11b/ CD18 double positive PMN were up-regulated in SAP rats complicated with LI, resulting in the adherence of PMN to pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and then activating PMN to release NE and aggravate LI. GBE could alleviate LI through down-regulating the expression ICAM-1 and CD11b/CD18, and hindering the adherence and activation of PMN to pulmonary vascular endothelial cells.

Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) is one of the payloads of Chang'E-3 lunar rover, the scientific objective of which is in-situ observation and off-line analysis of lunar regolith and rock. Distance measurement is one of the important functions for APXS to perform effective detection on the moon. The present paper will first give a brief introduction to APXS, and then analyze the specific requirements and constraints to realize distance measurement, at last present a new near infrared distance sensing algorithm by using the inflection point of response curve. The theoretical analysis and the experiment results verify the feasibility of this algorithm. Although the theoretical analysis shows that this method is not sensitive to the operating temperature and reflectance of the lunar surface, the solar infrared radiant intensity may make photosensor saturation. The solutions are reducing the gain of device and avoiding direct exposure to sun light.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of jieyu granule (JG) combined Paroxetine in treating refractory depression (RD) patients of yin deficiency inner heat syndrome (YDIHS)., Methods: Seventy RD patients of YDIHS were randomly assigned to the experimental group (JG combined Paroxetine) and the control group (Chinese medical placebo combined Paroxetine), 35 cases in each group. Hamilt Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale were used before treatment, and at the weekend of the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week, respectively., Results: In the experimental group, 32 patients completed the trial and 3 patients dropped out. In the control group, 33 patients completed the trial and 2 patients dropped out. At the end of the 8th week of the treatment, the total score of Hamilt Depression Rating Scale was (14.75 +/- 7.85) in the experimental group, lower than that of the control group (19. 06 +/- 8. 31, P <0.05). At the end of the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week of the treatment, the score of Hamilton Anxiety Scale was 17.03 +/- 4.25, 14.50 +/- 5. 13, and 11.03 +/- 4.88, respectively in the experimental group, lower than that of the control group at each corresponding time point (19. 60 +/-3. 96, 17. 12 +/- 4.14, 14.64 +/- 4.47, P <0.05, P <0.01)., Conclusion: The efficacy of JG combined Paroxetine for treating RD patients of YDIHS was superior to that of using Paroxetine alone.

Chinese medical syndrome efficacy, as a second efficacy indicator, has been widely used in clinical trials of treating dementia by Chinese herbal medicine. The syndrome assessment tool is a key point in assessing the efficacy of Chinese medical syndrome. The syndrome assessment tool for dementia used nowadays needs to be optimized in content, reliability, and validity. In this paper, the authors reviewed some problems correlated with the design of Chinese medical assessment questionnaire on the basis of Chinese medical theories by combining the common requirements for questionnaire development.

Objective: To acquire the case constitution of bipolar disordered (BPD) in mood disordered (MD) outpatients at two local Beijing hospitals to understand the case constitution and medication intention of clinical psychiatrists in terms of differentiation and treatment of BPD., Methods: All psychiatrists at Anding Hospital and neurological physicians at Xuanwu Hospital were surveyed by self-rated questionnaires and the analysis focused on the composition of proportions of BPD cases out of MD patients. The items included estimated ratio of BPD cases, doctors' intention of drug prescription and clinical therapeutic regimen for treatment of BPD., Results: (1) BPD ratio in MD outpatients of two hospitals were 41.79% and 12.24% respectively; (2) Doctor's ratio who estimated BPD ratio in MD cases < 40% were 60% and 100% respectively; (3) 100% psychiatrists at Beijing Anding Hospital and 72.22% neurological physicians at Beijing Xuanwu Hospital prescribed antidepressant to BPD cases; (4) Doctor's ratio who adopted therapeutic schedule of 'antidepressant + mood stabilizer' or 'antidepressant + mood stabilizer + antipsychotic' agents for BPD were 100% and 66.67% respectively., Conclusion: Regardless of mental specialized hospital or general hospital, the physicians should pay great attention to the differentiation of BPD and the rationality of drug prescription.

Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) is one of the payloads of Chang'E-3 lunar rover of China's Lunar Exploration Project. The present paper introduces briefly the components of APXS, how it works and its working environment on the lunar surface. The environmental temperature effect has been studied with simulations and experiments, and the results show that the temperature of the APXS sensor will be varying during the measuring on the lunar surface. And another experiment reveals that the energy resolution becomes worse if the sensor's temperature is varying. In this paper, a correction method based on Pearson's chi-squared test is presented. The method can improve the energy resolution when the sensor's temperature is varying. We have tested the method with the spectra acquired by APXS in the temperature varying period of Temperature Cycling Test, and the results show that the method is efficient and reliable.

Objective: To evaluate the overall diet quality and diet model of labor workers in Shenzhen using Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI)., Methods: In May 2009, 14 canteens from Baoan, Longgang and Nanshan districts were selected by stratified random sampling and 60 workers were randomly selected from each canteen by using random number method. Diet measurements were carried out among the 840 labor workers. Diet quality was evaluated by using DBI scoring and evaluating system., Results: The median values of labor workers' food intakes of cereal and meat & poultry were 483.8 and 121.7 g/d, which were more than the recommended amounts of their intakes of Chinese residents (cereal: 250 - 400 g/d, meat & poultry: 50 -70 g/d). The median values of the labor workers' intakes of fruit, dairy and eggs were 37.3, 20.6 and 23.5 g/d,which were less than recommended amounts in fruits (200 - 400 g/d), dairy (300 g/d) and eggs (25 - 50 g/d). The DBI-HBS scores of males and females in Shenzhen migrant workers were 24.4 +/- 6.1 and 22.6 +/- 6.3, respectively with a statistically significant difference (t = 4.21, P < 0.01). DBI-HBS scores of < 20 age group, 20 - 29 age group, 30 - 39 age group and > or = 40 age group in labor workers were 12.7 +/- 5.9, 11.3 +/- 6.3, 12.8 +/- 6.4 and 11.2 +/- 5.6 respectively (F = 3.67, P = 0.01). There were 7 dietary patterns among labor workers in this survey. Nearly 8.2% (68/830) of them belonged to Pattern A. Pattern B and E were the main dietary patterns, which accounted for 37.3% (310/830) and 31.0% (257/830) of the total population., Conclusion: DBI can describe and evaluate the overall dietary quality and the major problem of the dietary patterns in labor workers. It is necessary to strength nutritional education to increase the intake of fruits, milk and eggs to improve nutritional status in labor workers in Shenzhen.

The concentrations of total dissolved inorganic arsenic (TDIAs) were measured by Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS). Two cruises were carried out in the river, estuary, coastal area and groundwater of eastern Hainan in December 2006 and August 2007. The concentrations of TDIAs in the Wanquan and Wenchang/Wenjiao rivers and their estuaries, coastal area in December 2006 were 4.0-9.4, 1.3-13.3, 13.3-17.3 nmol x L(-1), respectively. The concentrations of TDIAs in the Wanquan and Wenchang/Wenjiao rivers and their estuaries, coastal area in August 2007 were 1.6-15.5, 2.4-15.9, 10.8-17.6 nmol x L(-1), respectively. There was no significantly seasonal variation of TDIAs in the rivers and estuaries during the dry and wet seasons. Compared with other areas in the world, the concentration of TDIAs in the Eastern Hainan remained at pristine levels. TDIAs showed conservatively mixing in the both estuaries. The concentration of TDIAs of groundwater was below detection limit (BDL)-41.7 nmol x L(-1). The submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to the coastal area was estimated in the drainage basin of Wenchang/Wenjiao river based on the average concentration of TDIAs in the groundwater and SGD water discharge, with the value of 1 153 mol x a(-1). Budget estimation indicated that the SGD discharge is one of the important sources of arsenic in the coastal area.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between cognitive function and the Chinese medicine syndrome characteristics of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)., Methods: A total of 774 subjects (age from 41 to 87 years old) from Beijing of China accepted neuropsychological assessments and differentiation of Chinese medicine syndromes. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and clinic dementia rating (CDR) were used to access the global cognitive function; the Hachinski ischemia scale (HIS) and the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were used for differential diagnosis; the ability of daily living (ADL) scale was used to assess the ability of daily living; the clock drawing test was used to access the executive function; the investigation of syndrome manifestations and the syndrome differentiation scale of vascular dementia (SDSVD) were used for diagnosis of syndrome manifestations. According to the diagnostic criteria of vascular cognitive impairment, subjects were subgrouped as normal cognition (NC) group and VCI group, and then the correlation between the cognitive functions and Chinese medicine syndromes was analyzed., Results: The correlation between cognitive scales and Chinese medical syndrome: in the VCI group, the syndrome of phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices showed negative correlation with the scores of MMSE and CDT (r=-0.525, r=-0.321, P=0.000, P=0.001), and the ADL demonstrated positive correlation to the syndrome (r=0.424, P=0.000). The correlation between cognitive function and Chinese medical syndrome: the phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices was closely correlated with the total orientation, time orientation and place orientation (r=-0.451, r=-0.448, r=-0.392, P=0.001, P=0.000, P=0.004); instant word recall and delayed word recall were closely correlated with the syndrome of phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices (r=-0.355, r=-0.225, P=0.000, P=0.021); calculation/attention, language function and executive function had negative correlation to the syndrome of phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices (r=-0.379, r=-0.448, r=-0.321, P=0.000, P=0.000, P=0.013). The scores of orientation, calculation/attention, delayed word recall and language function in the patients with phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices were significantly lower than the patients with non-phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The syndrome of phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices is significantly correlated to the scores of MMSE and ADL, indicating that the phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices is related to the cognitive function and ability of daily living in the VCI patients. Treatment of the phlegm is important in the cognitive impairment in VCI patients.

Objective: To compare the difference of therapeutic effect between acupuncture combined with Tuina and Nobex for treatment of birth brachial plexus injury., Methods: Forty cases with birth brachial plexus injury were randomly divided into a acupuncture combined with Tuina group (group A) and a Nobex group (group B), 20 cases in each group. The group A was treated with acupuncture at 3 points, i. e. Jianyu (LI 15), Jianliao (TE 14), Jianzhen (SI 9) on shoulder, Binao (LI 14), Shouwuli (LI 13), Quchi (LI 11), etc. combined with Tuina using a single thumb and rolling method, and the group B was treated with intramuscular injection of Nobex. The clinical effects and the changes of the symptom, scores and the electromyogram were observed before and after treatment., Results: The total effective rate of 90.0% (18/20) in the group A was better than that of 55.0% (11/20) in the group B, with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The effective rate of the electromyogram improvement in the group A was 90.0% (18/20), which was better than 45.0% (9/20) in the group B (P < 0. 05), and the symptom scores in the group A were lower than those in the group B (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with Tuina can improve the recovery of nerve and upper extremity function and its therapeutic effect is superior to that of intramuscular injection with Nobex.

In the present research, patch-clamp whole-cell recording was used to study the developmental changes of the internal horizontal synaptic plasticity in layer II/III of rats' primary visual cortices. Pairing stimulation was used to induce long term potentiation (LTP) of neurons in layer II/III from layer II/III and layer IV. The data indicate that: (1) Responses of layer II/III neurons can be evoked independently at II/III-II/III and IV-II/III synapses by horizontal and vertical stimulations; (2) LTP can be induced from neurons in the layer II/III by horizontal tetanic stimulation at II/III-II/III synapses till postnatal day12 (P12, before eyes open); (3) Meanwhile, only short term potentiation (STP) at IV-II/III synapses can be induced by horizontal tetanic stimulation before eyes open; (4) After P12, a robust LTP at IV-II/III synapses can be induced by horizontal tetanic stimulation; (5) At P14, when vertical and horizontal tetanic stimulations were given to the same neuron, the LTP at IV-II/III synapses was weaker than that induced by vertical stimulation alone, suggesting that vertical synaptic modification was negatively regulated by horizontal inputs when two-direction synaptic inputs were presented at the same time; (6) Spontaneous responses of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in the layer II/III neuron of rats' primary visual cortices are regulated by the development. The frequency of AMPARs-mediated postsynaptic currents was at a low level before eyes open, increased sharply at P12-P14, and slightly decreased after P18. And the amplitude of spontaneous AMPARs currents slowly decreased after P12. The results demonstrated that both the strength of horizontal synaptic modification and the effects of horizontal inputs on the vertical synaptic connection are regulated by the development. II/III-II/III synaptic communication has dual effects on the IV-II/III synapses, which may be involved in a competitive machinery of neural circuitry maturation and the formation of visual function columns.

An X-ray fluorescence imaging spectrometer based on silicon PIN photodiodes was designed and constructed for the Chang'E mission, the first lunar spacecraft, and will be in operation at a 200 km circular lunar orbit with one year lifetime. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometer consists of two silicon PIN photodiodes modules, each holds two low energy detector units to analyze the distribution of useful elements and to estimate the abundance on the moon, which is one of the objectives of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer experiment. The low energy detector unit is 25 mm2, 500 microm thick, with the energy band of 1-10 keV, and energy resolution of: approximately 5% at 5.9 keV. The ground verification tests of the X-ray spectrometer for Chang' E mission were introduced in the present paper. Taking the energy response matrix of the spectrometer as the foundation and using the direct demodulation technique and fundamental parameter method, the authors performed some quantitative and qualitative analysis of these scientific data which came from the ground verification tests, especially for Mg, Al and Si elements.