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[Objective] The study aims to explore the growth and physiological response of Canavalia maritima seedlings to water stress, and provide a reference for water management during the seedling stage and for the cultivation of high-quality plants in coastal sandy lands. [Methods] One-year-old C. maritima seedlings were subjected to simulated drought stress (soil relative water content at 20%, 40%, and 60%), suitable water condition (80%, control), and waterlogging (100%) with water control experiment in pots. Their growth and physiological indices were analyzed. [Results] Under both drought and waterlogging stress, leaf dry weight was decreased, while leaf relative water content was increased. Seedling height and leaf area were increased under waterlogging but decreased under severe drought stress. Total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, and mean root diameter were increased under drought stress and decreased under waterlogging. The content of malondialdehyde and the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were increased, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was relatively stable. Soluble protein content was decreased, whereas soluble sugar and proline contents were increased under water stress. The chlorophyll content was decreased under severe drought stress. Initial fluorescence was increased, while maximum fluorescence, maximum photochemical efficiency, and maximum quantum yield were decreased under water stress. [Conclusion] C. maritima seedlings demonstrate strong tolerance to drought and waterlogging stress by altering water accumulation and distribution patterns, increasing the activities of CAT and POD, and enhancing soluble sugar and proline contents.

Objective: Comprehensive utilization of Dianhong rose resources to improve the added value of products. Methods: The single-factor experiment and response surface experiment were used to optimize the extraction process of supercritical CO2 with essential oil yield as the measurement index. The composition and relative content of different rose oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The components and relative contents of different rose oils were analyzed by GC-MS, and the antioxidant activities of different rose oils were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the optimal extraction parameters were as followed: particle size of 40 mesh, extraction pressure of 25.5 MPa, extraction temperature of 45.5 ℃, extraction time of 123 min, CO2 flow rate of 20 L/h. Under these conditions, the essential oil yield of rose was 1.185%. A total of 74 compounds were identified from different Dianhong rose oil, and the total volatile substances of Anning Dianhong rose essential oil were the highest. The essential oil of Yunnan Dianhong rose had good ability to scavenge free radicals. The antioxidant activities of essential oil from different producing areas were obviously different. Conclusion: The essential oil extracted by supercritical CO2 has good quality and can be used as a natural antioxidant.

The laser quenching treatment of 42CrMo steel surface was carried out with a RFL - C3300 fiber laser, and the relations between the microstructure, hardness, depth, wear resistance of the hardened layer and the laser process parameters were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, stereomicroscope, vickers hardness tester and vertical universal friction and wear tester. Results showed that after laser quenching, the surface microstructure of the sample was refined, and the surface hardness and wear resistance were improved. When the laser power was 2 200 W, the scanning speed was 20 mm/s and the spot size was 12 mm × 2 mm, the surface microstructure of the sample was composed of fine martensites, a small amount of retained austenites and dispersed fine carbides. The average surface hardness reached 660 HV2 N, which was about 2.6 times that of the matrix. The friction coefficient stabilized at 0.4～0.6, which was about 25% lower than that of the matrix. The wear amount was 0.5 mg, which was 23.8% of that of the matrix.

Objective To investigate the species distribution of Malassezia in infants and young children with pityriasis versicolor and analyze the pathogenic factors, aiming to provide a basis for the diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor in this population. Methods A total of 83 infants and young children aged ≤ 2 years diagnosed with pityriasis versicolor who presented at our outpatient clinic, along with some of their mothers, were recruited for this study. Skin scales from the lesions of the affected children and sebum scales from the chest region of some of their mothers were collected and inoculated onto Leeming and Notman media for cultivation. Identification of Malassezia species was performed using PCR technology and gene sequencing methods,and analyzed the pathogenic factors. Results Nine species of Malassezia were isolated. The main pathogen of pityriasis versicolor in infants was Malassezia furfur (79.59%), followed by Malassezia obtuse and Malassezia japonica. The consistency rate of the isolated species between infants and their mothers was 81.25 %, among which Malassezia fufur was the main fungal colonization and the consistency was 88.89%. Conclusion The Malassezia furfur is main pathogen in infantile pityriasis versicolor, and the source of the pathogen may be associated with the fungal colonization of mother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Emerging evidence suggests that fat cell-derived cytokine leptin, which is closely related to obesity, plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. In this study, the effect of leptin on the invasion and migration abilities of GBC-SD and OCUG cells were observed in vitro, and its possible related mechanisms were explored. Methods: GBC-SD and OCUG cells were divided into control group and experimental group. In the experimental group, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target and silence the expression of leptin in GBC-SD and OCUG cells. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) was used to detect the transfection efficiency. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the migration and invasion abilities of GBC-SD and OCUG cells. The immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry experiments were used to detect the expression of leptin protein in GBC-SD and OCUG cells after siRNA interference. The protein expressions of leptin and p-AKT in GBC-SD and OCUG cells after interference were detected by Western blot. Results: The results of wound healing assay showed that the migration abilities of GBC-SD and OCUG cells decreased after silencing leptin with siRNA interference (t=26.614, P ＜ 0.01; t=19.338, P ＜ 0.01). The results of transwell migration assay also showed that the migration abilities of GBC-SD and OCUG cells decreased after silencing leptin with siRNA interference (t=7.185, P=0.002; t=8.889, P=0.003). Transwell invasion assay results showed that the invasion abilities of GBC-SD and OCUG cells decreased after interference (t=10.183, P=0.001; t=9.697, P=0.001). Immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry experiments showed decreased leptin protein expression in GBC-SD and OCUG cells after interference. Western blot showed that leptin and p-AKT protein expressions were down-regulated after targeted silencing in GBC-SD cells (t=26.463, P ＜ 0.01; t=13.904, P ＜ 0.01). Western blot showed that leptin and p-AKT protein expressions were also down-regulated after targeted silencing in OCUG cells (t=21.335, P ＜ 0.01; t=17.914, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: Down-regulation of leptin expression in GBC-SD and OCUG cells can inhibit cell invasion and metastasis, and may regulate gallbladder cancer invasion and migration through AKT signaling pathway. Leptin are expected to become an important target for gallbladder cancer treatment.

Objective: Collagen was extracted from the skin of Micropterus salmoides and used to explore the effect of enzyme types on the antioxidant activity of collagen peptides. Methods: Four kinds of enzymes were used, namely alkaline protease, neutral protease, papain and trypsin. The enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen Alkaline protease enzymatically hydrolyze collagen peptide （APP）, Neutral protease enzymatically hydrolyze collagen peptide （NPP）, Papain enzymatically hydrolyze collagen peptide（PP）, Trypsin hydrolysis of collagen peptide（TP）, were obtained and compared their total antioxidant activity, including reducing activity, DPPH, ·OH and O-2·free radical scavenging ability, ferrous ion chelating ability and lipid Oxidation inhibitory activity. Results: Four kinds of proteases enzymatically hydrolyze collagen peptides all have antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the concentration of collagen peptides. Among them, APP has the best antioxidant activity. The total antioxidant activity and reducing activity respectively were 1.725 and 0.958, and the scavenging rates for DPPH and O-2·radical respectively were 56.35% and 38.41%, respectively. Conclusion: The collagen peptides hydrolyzed by alkaline protease have better antioxidant activity.

The basic structure, working principle, and the development process and research status of resistive random access memory (RRAM) were outlined. Material systems, including dielectric materials, electrode materials, and substrate materials, as well as broad trends and recent researches of flexible RRAM were summarized; the performance characteristics of flexible RRAM, including storage performance and mechanics performance, were analyzed. The significance and challenge of developing flexible RRAM were explicated. Problems existing in this area and possible approaches to the problems were also put forward. It was concluded that the highly conductive stretchable electrode and the steadily stored stretchable dielectric are primary direction in the future.

Objective To derive the general equation of the probability distribution of identity by state （IBS） score among biological full sibling pairs by calculating STR allele frequency. Methods Based on the Mendelian genetics law and the hypothesis that parents of biological full siblings （FS） were unrelated individuals, the IBS score and corresponding probability of different genotype combinations in the offspring when unrelated individuals of different genotype combinations give birth to two offsprings were derived. Results Given fi （i=1, 2, …, m） as the frequency of the ith allele of a STR locus, the probability of sharing 2 alleles （p2FS）, 1 allele （p1FS） or 0 allele （p0FS） with biological full sibling pairs on the locus can be respectively expressed as follows： p2FS=, p1FS= and p0FS=-. The sum of p2FS, p1FS and p0FS must be 1. As for the multiple genotyping system that contained n STR loci, IBS scores between biological full sibling pairs conform to binomial distribution： IBS~B（2n, π1）. The population rate π1, can be given by the formula： π1=. Conclusion The alternative hypothesis in biological full sibling testing is that two appraised individuals are biological full siblings. The probability of the corresponding alternative hypothesis of any STR locus combination or IBS score can be directly calculated by the equations presented in this study, and the calculation results are the basis for explanations of the evidence.

The GC-MS was used to qualitatively analyze the aroma components of red koji wine with low glucose fermented by biological hypoglycemic fermentation, and the OAV was further used to evaluate the changes of the characteristic aroma components and alcohol-ester ratios, so as to characterize the characteristic aroma components of red koji wine with low glucose fermented by biological hypoglycemic fermentation. The results showed that: (1) The red koji wine with low glucose fermented by biological hypoglycemic fermentation was salmon pink, with the elegant and mellow aroma, delicious and round taste, and harmonized wine body. And its sensory score was 96 points, which was better than that of the traditional sweet rice wine (the sensory score being 94 points). (2) The total sugar content of red koji wine with low glucose fermented by biological hypoglycemic fermentation was only 26 g ⋅ L-1, which was 79. 2% lower than that of the traditional sweet red koji wine. (3) A total of 32 kinds of volatile substances were identified in the red koji wine fermented by biological hypoglycemic fermentation and the control samples, including alcohols (7 kinds), esters (18 kinds), and the others (7 kinds). The highest proportion of volatile compounds was esters, followed by alcohols. Among them, the OAV values of 14 flavor substances such as ethanol, β-phenylethanol, 2,3-butanediol, ethyl acetate, ethyl caproate, isoamyl acetate and so on were all >1, which were important aroma components of the characteristic aroma of red koji wine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the specific storage mode of GPS data,a novel algorithm using 2-bit to quantitate the GPS data and the local carrier signal was proposed,and the baseband-mixing operation was transformed into bit-wise calculation,then the result was set as the input data of PFA algorithm.Part of the twiddle factors were pre-stored as 16-bit complement integer,and the whole factors were generated by mapping strategy when used.So all the floating-point calculations were transformed into integer operations.Experimental results show that this method has improved the efficiency of the PFA algorithm significantly,and the acquisition time were reduced effectively.

Objective. To evaluate the feasibility and safety of image-guided surgical navigation, a real-time stereotactic guidance technique, in sclerotherapy of low-flow vascular malformations in the risky regions of head and neck. Methods. The patients with low-flow vascular malformations in the heads or necks who underwent surgical navigation-assisted sclerotherapy in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were retrospectively included. The preoperative CT images and magnetic resonance images were fused to design the puncture trajectory. During the operation, the navigation system was used to puncture according to the designed path, and the results were verified by digital subtraction angiography. The technical success rate of intralesional needle placement and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results. A total of 19 procedures for 30 lesions performed on 10 patients with low-flow vascular malformations (6 cases with intraorbital lesions, and 4 cases with pharyngeal lesions) were included. The average age of initial procedure was 20.9 years. The technical success rate was 80.0% (24/30). No other complications were observed except a case of pneumonia caused by sclerosing agent-induced glottic ulcer after one procedure. Conclusion. Image-guided surgical navigation is a feasible and safe auxiliary technique for the lesions in the risky regions of head and neck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reality technology is a comprehensive technology involving computer graphics, multimedia technology, human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence. It has a wide range of applications in education, medical entertainment, military and many other fields. Al of these technologies are ultimately implemented by computer software. This makes the software of the virtual reality system very large and complex. The programming techniques of traditional software development methods focus on processing text data, which obviously cannot meet the needs of developing virtual reality software. Based on the successful PAR method and PAR platform of the author's R&D team, according to the characteristics of the virtual reality system, this paper explores a new virtual reality software system development method, and further expands and improves the existing multimedia processing technology in the PAR platform, the formal modeling technology and the automatic generation system of C # and other high-level language programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate respiration from density fractions of cultivated soils and its temperature sensitivity, laboratory incubations of upland and paddy soils were carried out for a period of 63 days at four temperature levels of 5, 15, 25 and 35 °C. The upland and paddy soil samples were taken from Pingyi of Shandong Province and Taojiang of Hunan Province, respectively. CO2 efflux from light fraction (LF) , heavy fraction (HF) and bulk soil (BS) was measured during the incubation. The results indicated that bulk soil respiration was significantly higher than either light or heavy fraction respiration regardless of soil type. Respiration from HF was higher than that from LF in the upland soil. In the temperature range from 5 to 25 °C, light and heavy fraction respiration in the paddy soil did not show significant difference, while the HF exhibited higher respiration than the LF at 35 °C. Over the 63-day incubation with various temperatures, cumulative respiration from the LF, the HF and the BS accounted for 0.3%–2.8%, 0.4%–3.7% and 0.6%–7.0% of the original LF, HF and BS carbon in the upland soil, and 0.4%–3.0%, 0.3%–3.8% and 0.7%–5.3% of their original carbon in the paddy soil. The temperature sensitivity of the CO2 efflux from the LF, HF and BS, which was expressed as Q10 value, declined as the incubation proceeded. The Q10 values for the HF were generally higher than the values for the LF in the paddy soil, while the difference of Q10 values between the HF and the LF was divergent in the upland soil. In the temperature range from 5 to 25 °C, the $10 values for BS respiration were higher in the upland soil than in the paddy soil, but it was opposite in the temperature range from 25 to 35 °C. Our results using the site-specific soils suggested that the decomposition of organic carbon in the upland soil was faster and could be more sensitive to temperature change than in the paddy soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of the establishment of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) detection method according to the Mycoplasma bovis P81 gene sequence and compared its sensitivity with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

With the development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the positioning technology using satellite has developed towards the direction of diversification instead of using single GPS satellite. In order to cultivate innovative spirit and improve comprehensive application abilities of students, and update and perfect the knowledge system of GNSS laboratory personnel, we put forward construction and development directions of GNSS laboratory in the new period, and designed the project construction and reform content in detail. The project emphasesed on the experiments of multi-satenite compatible integrated positioning navigation and COMPASS which is a global sateHite positioning and communication system and was independently researched, developed and operated by China. The paper discussed how to improve the technical level and professional quality of GNSS laboratory personnel in several ways, which will be of great importance for the development GNSS laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microvascular invasion (MVI) is considered an important influential factor for postoperative recurrence and prognosis of hepato-cellular carcinoma ( HCC). Little attention has been given to the treatment targeting MVI, and the preoperative identification of MVI remains an unsolved challenge. This paper reviews the research progress in related clinical factors and molecular biomarkers for MVI in HCC and summarizes the confirmed factors closely associated with MVI, such as tumor size, tumor number, tumor differentiation, des - γ - carboxy prothrombin, and alpha - fetal protein. Seeking a new specific serum marker for MVI is stiil the research orientation in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the application of microsatellites detection technique to analyze the distribution of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in black swine and the genetic effects of polymorphisms on the quality of its meat in China. The result of the study shows that six genotypes were detected in black swine. The analysis found that the individual of AA genotypes had better meat quality and allele A had positive additive effects on the quality of the meat.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of the obstetric forceps in the assisted deliver of fetal head during repeat cesarean section, by our clinical practice. Methods: 244 puerpera cases who have difficulties to deliver fetal head during the repeat cesarean section were retrospectively analyzed, in our hospital from January 2006 to December 2012. Those 122 cases who treated with the obstetric forceps to assist during delivering fetal head were appointed as the observation group, while other 122 cases who treated without the obstetric forceps were appointed as the control group. The U-DI, case of neonatal asphyxia, neonatal scalp trauma and uterine incision tear, and the volume of postpartum hemorrhage were analyzed. Results :U-DI in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P <0.05). The case of neonatal asphyxia, neonatal scalp trauma and the mean volume of postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (P<0.05). The case of uterine incision tear in the observation group was less than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The application of obstetric forceps in the assisted deliver of fetal head during the repeat cesarean section can effectively shorten the U-DI, reduce the incidence of neonatal asphyxia, and reduce the damage to maternal and child. It is a safety, effective and practicable method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The virtual fire extinguishing model is one of the basic computer simulating processes related to the disaster control commanding simulation training environment. Based on operational command simulation method, the conception of the potential is introduced into the interactive relationship between the disaster and disaster control measures. The interactive confrontation between the disaster and the control measures can be seened as the potential interactions. For the parameter selection and quantization, the disaster potential and disaster control measures potential are given, and the quantizing potential scale and the calculating process are proposed. A dynamic relationship model is established. Combined with the classic fire extinguishing states, an analytical form model for confrontation relationship is proposed. According to the statistics of training results of the actual disaster control crew, the model parameters are determined. The simulation result is compared with the experiment data. The result shows that the model can be used to simulate the fire extinguishing process of virtual compartment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have reported that the hemostatic effect of Sanguisorbae Radix(SR) is significantly enhanced after processing with charcoal. However, the standard components(tannins and gallic acid) specified in the Chinese Pharmacopeia decrease in charcoal-fried Sanguisorbae Radix(CSR), which is contrast to the enhancement of the hemostatic effect. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the charcoal-frying process of SR based on its hemostatic efficacy and comprehensively analyze the components of SR and its processed products, thus exploring the material basis for the hemostatic effect. The results indicated that SR processed at 250 ℃ for 14 min(14-min CSR) not only complied with the description in the Chinese Pharmacopeia but also demonstrated improved blood-coagulating and blood-adsorbing effects compared with raw SR(P&lt;0.05). Moroever, 14-min CSR reduced the bleeding time in the rat models of tail snipping, liver bleeding, and muscle injury, surpassing both raw and excessively fried SR(16 min processed) as well as tranexamic acid(P&lt;0.05). Ellagitannin, ellagic acid, methyl gallate, pyrogallic acid, protocatechuic acid, Mg, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn contributed to the hemostatic effect of CSR over SR. Among these substances, ellagitannin, ellagic acid, Mg, and Ca had high content in the 14 min CSR, reaching(106.73±14.87),(34.86±4.43),(2.81±0.23), and(1.21±0.23) mg·g~(-1), respectively. Additionally, the color difference value(ΔE~*ab) of SR processed to different extents was correlated with the content of the aforementioned hemostatic substances. In summary, this study optimized the charcoal-frying process as 250 ℃ for 14 min for SR based on its hemostatic effect. Furthermore, ellagic acid and/or the powder chromaticity are proposed as indicators for the processing and quality control of CSR.

Objectives: To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in the treatment of children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)., Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Weipu Data, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were searched for studies on eltrombopag used for the treatment of children with ITP. RevMan 5.3 and R version 3.6 were used to perform a Meta analysis of included studies., Results: A total of 11 studies were included, with 2 randomized controlled trials and 9 cohort studies. The Meta analysis of the 9 cohort studies showed that eltrombopag had a response rate of about 70% (95% CI : 65%-76%) in the treatment of children with ITP, with no serious adverse events. The Meta analysis of the randomized controlled trials showed that the eltrombopag group had a higher response rate than the placebo group ( RR =2.64, 95% CI : 1.58-4.44, P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in the incidence rates of adverse events and serious adverse events between the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: Eltrombopag has good efficacy and safety as a second-line treatment regimen for children with ITP.

Objective: To observe the effect of tiaoren tongdu acupuncture method (for regulating the function of the Conception Vessel and promoting the circulation of the Governor Vessel) on fractional anisotropy (FA) and upper-extremity motor function after cerebral infarction by diffusion densor imaging (DTI) technology., Methods: The patients with cerebral infarction were divided into an acupuncture group and a control group according to the random number table method, 27 cases in each group. In the control group, the basic treatment with conventional medication was used. In the acupuncture group, on the basic treatment as the control group, the tiaoren tongdu acupuncture method was provided. Main acupoints included Baihui (GV20), Shuigou(GV26), Chengjiang(CV24), Guanyuan(CV4), Qihai (CV6), Zhongwan (CV12), Shenting(GV24) and Mingmen(GV4). Supplementary points included Jianyu(LI15), Chize(LU5), Houxi (SI3), Weizhong (BL40), Zusanli (ST36) and Taichong (LR3) on the affected side. The needles were retained for 30 min. Acupuncture was given once a day, at the interval of 1 days every week, consecutively for 4 weeks. The upper extremity Fugl-Meyer assessment (UE-FMA) was used to evaluate the motor function of upper extremity before and after treatment. DTI was adopted to observe the FA values of infarct focus, posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) and cerebral peduncle on the affected side, as well as FA values at the corresponding parts on the healthy side in the patients of two groups. The relative differences (rFA) were calculated., Results: Compared with their own pretreatment, the UE-FMA value was significantly higher after treatment in either of two groups separately ( P <0.05 in the control group, P <0.01 in the acupuncture group). The difference of UE-FMA before and after treatment in the acupuncture group was larger than that in the control group ( P <0.05). The FA and rFA values in infarct focus were higher than those before treatment in the two groups ( P <0.05). The FA and rFA differences before and after treatment in the infarct focus and PLIC on the affected side were higher in the acupuncture group as compared with the control group ( P <0.05). The UE-FMA difference was positively correlated with the rFA difference of each part in either group ( P <0.05), and the correlation was the strongest in PLIC on the affected side in either group ( P <0.01)., Conclusion: Tiaoren tongdu acupuncture significantly improves the upper limb movement function after cerebral infarction. The rFA value of PLIC combined with UE-FMA can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on the upper extremity movement after cerebral infarction.

Cortical GABAergic inhibitory neurons are composed of three major classes, each expressing parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SOM) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (Htr3a), respectively. Htr3a + inhibitory neurons are mainly derived from the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE). This highly heterogeneous group of inhibitory neurons are comprised of many different subtypes with distinct molecular signatures, morphological and electrophysiological properties and connectivity patterns. In this review, we summarized recent research progress regarding cortical Htr3a + inhibitory neurons, focusing on their molecular, morphological and electrophysiological diversity, and introduced some genetic mouse tools that were used to study Htr3a + inhibitory neurons.

This article reports a patient who suffered from Wolffian adnexal tumor.We also briefly elucidate the pathogenesis,clinicopathological features,diagnosis,differentiation,and treatment of Wolffian adnexal tumor,with an attempt to increase the awareness of the disease and reduce misdiagnosis.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant hematological disease in childhood. Glucocorticoids are frequently used in the chemoradiotherapy regimen for ALL and can induce the apoptosis of ALL cells through several signaling pathways, but about 10% of ALL children have poor response to glucocorticoids. Studies have revealed that glucocorticoids induce the apoptosis of ALL cells by upregulating the expression of BIM gene, and BIM gene is associated with glucocorticoid resistance in childhood ALL. This article reviews the recent studies on glucocorticoid resistance in childhood ALL, especially the role of BIM and its expression products in this process.

Fungal diseases are the main threat to crop yield and quality, often leading to huge economic losses. Chemical fungicides are almost useless to soil-borne and vascular fungal pathogens. The most effective way is crop resistance breeding by using resistance genes. Yet, for plants lacking resistance resources, new approaches are urgently needed for crop protection. Recently, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is developed based on the well-known RNA interference, and already effective against viruses and pests. However, it is challenging to validate HIGS in soil-borne fungal pathogens due to uncharacterized and complicated infection processes. Recently, we have made great progresses in revealing the infection structure of Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne and vascular fungal pathogen that leads to verticillium wilt disease to many crops, including cotton plants. Moreover, we demonstrate that cotton exports endogenous microRNAs to inhibit virulence gene expression in V. dahliae. The most exciting achievement is the successful application of HIGS in cotton plants that confer resistance to V. dahliae. All these results reveal a promising potential for applying HIGS against a wide range of soil-borne fungi.

Objective: To clone a gametocyte specific protein Pfgdv1 of Plasmodium falciparum, express and identify recombinant Pfgdvl protein in vitro., Methods: PCR was performed to amplify Pfgdv1 from P. falciparum DNA which was got from the patient who was infected with P. falciparum, and the PCR product was inserted into pET28a (+) vector. pET28a-Pfgdv1 recombinant plasmid was constructed and transformed into E. coli host BL21 (DE3+). IPTG was used to induce the recombinant Pfgdv1 protein fused with His tag, and the protein was purified by His-NTA affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting., Results: The PCR product of Pfgdv1 gene was about 1.65 kb, meeting the expectation of predicted fragment size. The recombinant protein was about 67 kDa, which could be recognized by His-Tag monoclonal antibody., Conclusion: The Pfgdv1 gene of P. falciparum is successfully cloned, and the recombinant Pfgdv1 protein is expressed, thereby providing an opportunity for further study on transmission blocking vaccine.

To investigate respiration from density fractions of cultivated soils and its temperature sensitivity, laboratory incubations of upland and paddy soils were carried out for a period of 63 days at four temperature levels of 5, 15, 25 and 35 °C. The upland and paddy soil samples were taken from Pingyi of Shandong Province and Taojiang of Hunan Province, respectively. CO2 efflux from light fraction (LF), heavy fraction (HF) and bulk soil (BS) was measured during the incubation. The results indicated that bulk soil respiration was significantly higher than either light or heavy fraction respiration regardless of soil type. Respiration from HF was higher than that from LF in the upland soil. In the temperature range from 5 to 25 °C, light and heavy fraction respiration in the paddy soil did not show significant difference, while the HF exhibited higher respiration than the LF at 35 °C. Over the 63-day incubation with various temperatures, cumulative respiration from the LF, the HF and the BS accounted for 0.3%-2.8%, 0.4%-3.7% and 0.6%-7.0% of the original LF, HF and BS carbon in the upland soil, and 0.4%-3.0%, 0.3%-3.8% and 0.7%-5.3% of their original carbon in the paddy soil. The temperature sensitivity of the CO2 efflux from the LF, HF and BS, which was expressed as Q10 value, declined as the incubation proceeded. The Q10 values for the HF were generally higher than the values for the LF in the paddy soil, while the difference of Q10 values between the HF and the LF was divergent in the upland soil. In the temperature range from 5 to 25 °C, the Q10 values for BS respiration were higher in the upland soil than in the paddy soil, but it was opposite in the temperature range from 25 to 35 °C. Our results using the site-specific soils suggested that the decomposition of organic carbon in the upland soil was faster and could be more sensitive to temperature change than in the paddy soil.

Chinese patent medicine with double identity was a special phenomenon, and many preparations not only were prescription drugs but also over the counter ( OTC) drugs, which brought a lot of trouble. Based on statistics of list of OTC medicines of CFDA, related varieties, route of administration and functions of these drugs were searched. The causes of insufficient were analyzed and the potential risk was investigated. To ensure the safety of drug usage for the patient, risk management system should be set up by improving the technical requirements for registration, improving the drug labels and manuals, playing the role of pharmacists in pharmacy services and raising awareness of doctor and patient for these drugs.

Objective: To investigate the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor on peritoneal lymphangiogenesis and peritoneum function in uremic rat., Methods: Uremic rats treated by peritoneal dialysis were intragastric administration celecoxib.Structures of peritoneum, peritoneal function, peritoneal lymphatic vessel density (LVD) were detected in every group. The mRNA of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1(LYVE-1) and COX-2 were tested by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of LYVE-1,VEGF-C, COX-2 were tested by western blot., Results: With the extension of the duration of dialysis, the peritoneum thickness was increasing, inflammatory cell infiltrated obviously, ultrafiltration volume decreased significantly. But the celecoxib could increase ultrafiltration volume and reduce the glucose transport rate (P < 0.05) . Compared with the normal group, the levels of LVD, COX-2,VEGF-C, and LYVE-1 mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated in uremic and dialysis groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the uremic dialysis group, the levels of LVD, COX-2,VEGF-C and LYVE-1 mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated in the celecoxib group. There was a positive correlation between COX-2 and VEGF-C, LVD in protein levels, as well as VEGF-C and LVD(all P values<0.05)., Conclusions: Hyper glucose dialysis solution and uremic condition could up-regulate the expression of COX-2,VEGF-C, LYVE-1 in gene and protein level and stimulate lymphangiogenesis. COX-2 inhibitor could delay the change of peritoneal structures and function. COX-2 inhibitor could prevent the lymphangiogenesis in uremic rat treated by peritoneal dialysis, which might down-regulate the expression of VEGF-C by COX-2 depended manner.

Objective: To systematically review the role of two common prostheses(metal on metal and metal on polythene)in total hip replacement., Methods: Studies on two prostheses(metal on metal and metal on polythene)in total hip replacement were searched in databases including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, CNKI database, WANFANG database, and VIP database using key words including"metal on metal", "metal on polythene", and "total hip replacement". Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software., Results: Metal on metal group was superior to metal on polythene group in terms of Harris function evaluation(WMD＝4.40, 95%CI: 3.50-5.31, P<0.01), operation time(WMD＝6.82, 95%CI: 4.50-9.13, P<0.01), whereas other indicators showed no significant difference between these two groups., Conclusions: Compared with the prosthesis, metal on metal is better than metal on polythene in improving the Harris function when applied for total hip replacement. However, more high-quality large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to further verify it.

By using annual agricultural non-point source model (AnnAGNPS), this study simulated the export loading of nitrogen and phosphorus in Siling Reservoir watershed in Tiaoxi Basin, and integrated with the simulation results, the spatial distribution characteristics of non-point source pollution in the watershed was analyzed. The result showed that the export loading of nitrogen and phosphorus had similar characteristics: in the study area, the export loading of nutrients were higher in southern and western regions and lower in northern and eastern regions. Forest land mainly made up of bamboo was the main export source of nitrogen and phosphorus loading with the contribution above 90% of nutrient load of whole watershed. Three fertilization practices such as no fertilizer (CK), site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) and farmers' fertilizaction practice (FFP) were used in the scenario analysis. The scenario analysis showed that to a certain degree, SSNM could reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus loss. Comparing with FFP, the reduction of SSNM in dissolved nitrogen (DN), particle nitrogen (PN), dissolved phosphorus (DP) and particle phosphorus (PP) was 8.17%, 4.33%, 9.08% and 1.02%, respectively.

Objective: To explore the association between parental genetic polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C/T and occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in offspring in Shandong Province., Methods: MTHFR genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Parents of 89 NSCL/P patients treated at Qilu Hospital from August, 2006 to August, 2008 and those of 64 healthy children were recruited in this case-control study., Results: Frequencies of T and C alleles in mothers of patients and healthy children were 65.73% and 46.09%, and 34.27% and 53.91%, respectively (Chi-square=13.663, P<0.01). Offspring whose mothers had T alleles were 2.243 times more likely to develop NSCL/P (95%CI: 1.408-3.572). Frequencies of T and C alleles in fathers of patients and healthy children were 62.92% and 55.47%, and 37.08% and 44.53%, respectively (Chi-square=2.222, P>0.05). The chance for parents of the patient and control groups to bear an affected fetus carrying homozygous mutations were 43% and 29%, respectively (P>0.05)., Conclusion: In Shandong Province, maternal genotype for the MTHFR 677C/T polymorphism has a significant impact on the occurrence of NSCL/P in their offspring, whilst paternal genotype for this polymorphism may not be a risk factor for NSCL/P in their offspring.

Objective: To investigate the sonographic features of the cervical lymph nodes in rabbit VX2 tongue carcinoma model and hyperplasia cervical lymph nodes model using gray scale contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) after intravenous administration of SonoVue (a sonographic contrast agent) and to evaluate the potential utility of CEUS in detecting early metastatic cervical lymph nodes in the rabbit VX2 tongue carcinoma model., Methods: Twenty New Zealand rabbits were placed into 2 groups, 12 for node metastasis and 18 for node hyperplasia. Cervical CEUS was performed in the rabbits of both groups before and after intravenous administration of SonoVue(0.6 ml). The phase, pattern, beginning area and echogenicity of enhancement of the lymph nodes on the right neck were observed and recorded. Dissection of the lymph nodes were guided by the marks made during CEUS and examined histopathologically., Results: On the right side of each rabbit only one lymph node were detected in both groups. All 8 cases in the hyperplasia group showed homogeneous enhancement starting from central, while in the metastasis group one case showed homogeneous enhancement starting from the central, 3 cases showed inhomogeneous enhancement starting from periphery, and 8 cases showed inhomogeneous enhancement starting both from central and periphery. One lymph node was dissected on the right side of the neck in each rabbit in both groups. Pathological examination showed all 12 lymph nodes in the metastatic group were metastatic lymph nodes, and all 8 lymph nodes in the hyperplasia group were hyperplastic lymph nodes., Conclusions: After intravenous CEUS, metastatic lymph nodes show inhomogeneous enhancement starting from periphery/central or periphery area, while hyperplastic lymph nodes show homogeneous enhancement starting from central area. Metastatic lymph nodes can be characterized as being neoplastic or benign on the basis of the enhancement patterns evaluated by CEUS.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and side effect of topical beta-blocker (Timolol Maleate) in the treatment of periocular hemangioma in a prospective study., Methods: 432 outpatients with infantile hemangioma visited our special clinic service in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from July 2010 to December 2011. Among them, 12 superficial periocular lesions were selected in the study. Timolol was used topically on the lesion in every 12 hours. Two independent special doctors evaluated the results according to the pictures before and after four-week application of timolol., Results: Were categorized into four levels: continuous growth (the lesion continues to grow), stable (no visible change), moderate (0-50% of regression) , perfect (more than 50% of improvement). Result of the 12 outpatients, 4 showed perfect result, 2 moderate, 4 stable and 2 continuous growth. No side effect was observed., Conclusions: Topical timolol is effective and safe in the treatment of superficial periocular infantile hemangioma. It could be considered as the first line treatment of proliferative superficial hemangioma.

Objective: To investigate the surgical managements for residual or recurrent diseases in the neck after radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma., Methods: Seventy-eight cases of neck masses (39 cases for unilateral residual diseases, 9 for bilateral residual diseases and 30 for recurrent diseases) after radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were treated surgically between January 1990 and December 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 56 males and 22 females. Their ages ranged from 28 to 65 years (median 41 years). There were 27 patients with skin involvement. After preoperative imaging assessment, 17 patients whose common carotid arteries or internal carotid arteries were difficult to separate routinely attained the carotid balloon occlusion test which confirmed that 15 cases of cerebral arterial circle open to compensation, however, two cases of poor compensation. Surgical procedures included expanded neck mass resection (21 cases), unilateral radical neck dissection (49 cases) and bilateral radical neck dissection (8 cases). Of them 5 patients were with unilateral internal carotid artery resection. Neck defects were repaired with pectoralis major muscle flaps (15 cases), free anterolateral femoral skin flaps (9 cases) and trapezius muscle flaps (3 cases). Of the 78 patients, 13 with microscopic positive diseases and 2 with residual diseases in internal carotid artery walls underwent postoperative radiotherapy, with the doses of 45 to 50 Gy., Results: All patients were closely followed-up more than 5 years. Three- and five-year survival rates were 46.2% and 28.3% respectively. Neck defects were successfully repaired with skin flaps immediately after resecting diseases in 27 cases, only one patient with delayed healing. Of 51 patients without skin flap repair, neck wounds healed successfully in 45 patients and with delayed healing in 6 patients. Pathological positive rates of lymph nodes located in the level I, II, III, IV and V were 10.5%, 61.4%, 10.5%, 1.8% and 28.1% respectively., Conclusions: Preoperative balloon occlusion test is required to assess the function of Willis' ring before determining ligation or resection of internal carotid artery. Residual or recurrent diseases commonly exist in level II, VA and III, which should be included in neck dissection. Pectoralis major muscle flap and free anterolateral femoral skin flap are recommended for the repair of neck defect.

Objective: To explore the clinical application of imiquimod for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IH)., Methods: 320 children with IH, including 250 superficial cases, 20 deep cases, and 50 mixed cases, were treated with 5% imiquimod cream every other day for 16 weeks. The clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated at one year of age., Results: The total effective rates of the superficial, deep, and mixed IH were 61.2% (153/250), 10.0% (2/20) and 60.0% (30/50) respectively, showing no statistical difference between superficial and deep type (P = 0.874), but significant difference between superficial and mixed (P < 0.01), deep and mixed type (P < 0.01). 56.0% (28/50) of mixed IH showed proliferation of its deep lesions. Slight skin erythema and crusting were the most common side effects., Conclusions: 5% imiquimod cream is effective and safe in superficial IH and superficial lesions of mixed IH with minimal skin reactions. The dysplasia of local tissue and systemic growth retardation are not found. It should be avoided to apply the cream to IH located around the cavities and skin fold. Imiquimod cream is a simple and convenient home-nursing medication. It can reduce care burden of family. Thus topical use of imiquimod can be considered as a good clinical indication for the treatment of superficial lesions of IH.