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The phenotypic characteristics (including single fruit mass, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and fruit shape index) of 59 varieties of Chinese olive fruit were assessed and categorized based on probability. 15 Chinese olive varieties with varying fruit shape indexes and genetic backgrounds were selected for analysis of volatile compounds using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated a wide range of variation in four phenotypic traits, with coefficients of variation (CV) between 10.70% and 26.67%. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test showed that the data of fruit shape index, longitudinal diameter, and transverse diameter followed a normal distribution, allowing for their categorization based on probability. A total of 886 volatile compounds were identified including 186 terpenoids, 157 heterocyclic compounds, 146 esters, 73 ketones, 64 hydrocarbons, 64 alcohols, 53 aldehydes, 51 aromatic hydrocarbons, 21 acids, 21 amines, 20 phenols, and 30 other compounds at concentration levels ranging from 1 881.70 to 6 727.40 μg/g of fresh mass. Terpenes were the dominant volatile compounds in Chinese olive fruit, accounting on average for 52.49% of the total volatile compounds. The most abundant terpene was α-pinene, with a relative content of 7.13% (309.66 μg/g of fresh mass). A total of 181 characteristic aroma components were identified using odor activity value (OAV) analysis, contributing to the overall aroma profile of Chinese olive fruit. Among these components, the heterocyclic compound 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone was the biggest contributor with the highest OAV of 2 468 148.28, being responsible for sweet aroma. Utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis, 6 differential characteristic aroma components were identified among different varieties of Chinese olive fruit. Notably, α-farnesene had the highest variable importance in the projection (VIP) value with an OAV of 19.71, being responsible for floral and fruity aromas. These findings serve as a valuable reference for the quality grading of Chinese olive fruit, as well as for future investigations into its aroma formation mechanism and quality improvement.

Objective·To explore the value of miR-499 expression levels in the serum of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in predicting the severity of coronary artery disease.Methods·Seventy-four patients with ACS admitted to Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were included and divided into a mild group of 30 cases, a moderate group of 21 cases, and a severe group of 23 cases according to the Gensini score. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technology was used to detect the expression level of serum miR-499, while troponin (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), myoglobin (Mb), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and other laboratory indicators were measured. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the expression level of miR-499 and Gensini score, as well as the number of vessel branches in coronary artery disease. The evaluation value of miR-499 in assessing the severity of coronary artery disease was analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results·The expression level of miR-499 increased with the severity of coronary artery disease (P=0.000). The expression level of miR-499 was positively correlated with Gensini score and cTnI (r=0.331, r=0.143, P0.05), while Gensini score was not correlated with cTnI and LVEF (P>0.05). ROC analysis showed that the AUC of miR-499 for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease was 0.802 (95% CI 0.698‒0.906), with sensitivity of 65.2% and specificity of 80.4%. The expression level of miR-499 increased with the increase of the number of coronary artery lesions, and was positively correlated with the number of coronary artery lesions (r=0.368, P

Human genetic resources include specimen samples and related information. The application and regulation of human genetic resources in China started at the end of the 20th century and have progressed rapidly. However， many challenges remain. In this paper， we reviewed the current status of sample conservation and management and provided recommendations for further development of human genetic resources in China. The aim is to effectively protect and rationally utilize China's human genetic resources， safeguard national security and people's health， and promote the building of a community of common health for mankind.

Muscle relaxation induced by muscle relaxants is one of the important conditions for endotracheal intubation and fixation, but sometimes muscle functions recover incompletely after operations, which is called postoperative residual neuromuscular block (PRNB). It can cause a series of serious postoperative complications and even death. Hence, it is essential to prevent and treat PRNB in the early stage during anesthesia implementation. With the rapid development of surgical technology and the gradual extension of the life span of the population, the number of operations for elderly patients is gradually increasing. Meanwhile, due to the physiological and pathological changes of the elderly and the combined underlying diseases, the elderly are more likely to suffer from PRNB in different degrees after surgery, which seriously damages the prognosis of elderly patients and increases the loss of medical resources. In these years, the successful application of short-acting muscle relaxants, new antagonists (such as sugammadex), and multi-mode neuromuscular monitoring devices in clinical practice have greatly reduced the incidence of PRNB in elderly patients. Furthermore, the basic researches which mainly based on the neuromuscular junction structure and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of the elderly provide a new theoretical basis for reducing the harm of PRNB to elderly patients. This paper reviews the research progress of the mechanism, adverse events and clinical interventions of PRNB in elderly patients after general anesthesia surgeries to provide reference for muscle relaxation management and postoperative antagonism in these people.

Objective: To explore clinical effects of repairing skin and soft tissue defect of finger with free posterior interosseous artery perforator flap., Methods: Totally 8 patients with finger skin and soft tissue defect repaired with free posterior interosseous artery perforator flap were treated from May 2021 to November 2022, including 7 males and 1 female aged from 24 to 54 years old, and soft tissue defect area ranged from 3.0 cm×1.5 cm to 5.0 cm×3.0 cm. The time from injury to flap repair ranged from 3 to 83 h. The free posterior interosseous artery perforator flap was applied to repair finger defect, the area of the flap ranged from 3.5 cm×2.0 cm to 5.2 cm×3.5 cm, the donor area of flap was sutured directly. The survival, appearance, texture and donor complications of the flap were observed after operation, and Dargan functional standard was used to evaluate clinical effect of finger function., Results: All flap of 8 patients were survived, and followed up from 3 to 12 months. There was no obvious swelling, soft texture, obvious pigmentation, linear intaglio in donor area only, and without obvious complications were found. Among them, 3 patients'skin flaps were repaired for the defect of palm of the fingers, and sensory recovery was good, two-point discrimination ranged from 5 to 9 mm. According to Dargan functional evaluation, 3 patients excellent, and 5 good., Conclusion: Free posterior interosseous artery perforation branch flap could be used to repair the defect of finger. The thickness of flap is moderate, operation is convenient, appearance and texture of the operative flap are good, and the donor site is small without obvious complications, and obtain satisfactory clinical effect.

A field experiment was conducted in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China in the farm of Southwest University in Chongqing. Static opaque chamber and gas chromatography methods were used to study the effect of plastic film mulching on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions characteristics from a rice-rapeseed crop rotation in situ for one year. The results showed that CH 4 and N 2 O emissions are mainly concentrated in the early stages of the growth of each crop and there is a clear seasonal variation of CH 4 emissions during the rice growing period and N 2 O in the rapeseed growing period. The CH 4 flux changed from -0.45 to 1.90 mg·(m 2 ·h) -1 and the N 2 O flux varied between -46.1 and 2040.7 μg·(m 2 ·h) -1 over the entire year. Plastic film mulching was found to increase the total emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O, with the total CH 4 emission of(27.22±4.48) kg·hm -2 over the entire year, which is 26.22% higher than that of the non-mulching treatment(19.93±0.56) kg·hm -2 . The total amount of N 2 O emissions under film mulching treatment increased 16.6% from (11.27±2.77) kg·hm -2 under no mulching treatment to (13.14±0.82) kg·hm -2 . The results analyzed for soil moisture and soil temperature showed that mulching significantly increased the soil moisture during the rapeseed season, while there was no obvious correlation with soil temperature (at depths of 5 cm and for the surface temperature) for each crop season. During the rapeseed growing season, CH 4 and N 2 O emissions negatively correlated with soil moisture and has a significant negative correlation during the seedling period with film mulching treatment. Moreover, under the two treatments, the correlation between CH 4 and N 2 O emissions and soil temperature was negligible. This study indicates that plastic film mulching impacts CH 4 and N 2 O emissions at different growth stages of the crops, which changes the proportion of the emission of the two gases over the whole growth period, and promotes the emission of CH 4 and N 2 O in the rice-rapeseed system. In the time scale of 100 years, the integrated global warming potentials (GWP) of CH 4 and N 2 O emission under plastic film was a CO 2 equivalent of 4213.00 kg·hm -2 compared with that under conventional treatment of 3454.17 kg·hm -2 . Conventional emits 22.0% less CO 2 , indicating that plastic film mulching is not an effective measure for carbon sequestration.

Considering the common cropping system (chili-radish rotation) in Southwest China, the objective of this study is to explore the effect of plastic film mulching on N 2 O flux, N 2 O concentrations in the soil profile, soil temperature, and humidity from a vegetable field. The method of the static opaque chamber was used and the experimental period lasted for one year. The results showed that the average flux of N 2 O was 1000.0 μg·(m 2 ·h) -1 in the conventional treatment and 400.6 μg·(m 2 ·h) -1 in the film mulching treatment during the chili growing period. The N 2 O flux of the film mulching treatment was significantly lower than that of conventional treatment ( P <0.05). However, in the radish growing season, the N 2 O flux of the film mulching treatment was higher than that of conventional treatment, but the difference between the two treatments was not significant ( P >0.05). N 2 O concentrations in the soil profile of the two treatments both increased with the increase in soil depth. The N 2 O concentrations showed significant correlations among the different soil profiles of each treatment; meanwhile, there was also a significant correlation between soil N 2 O concentrations at the same soil depth in different treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between the N 2 O concentration in different profiles and N 2 O fluxes in surface soils in the conventional treatment, but the N 2 O flux under the plastic mulching film treatment was only positively correlated with the N 2 O concentrations of 30 cm deep soil. The soil moisture and temperature observations showed that the effect of plastic film mulching on soil temperature was more significant in summer and the soil moisture was more prominent in autumn and winter. However, the results of the correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that N 2 O emissions were mainly determined by the distribution of nitrogen in the soil and were affected by the change in soil total nitrogen content in the conventional treatment but N 2 O emissions were more sensitive to the variation in soil inorganic nitrogen in the film mulching treatment.

Using the static opaque chamber method and choosing a chili-radish cropping system, a field experiment, located in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China in the farm of Southwest University in Chongqing, was conducted in situ for one year. Mulching and non-mulching treatments were set in the field, and the seasonal variation of CH 4 flux and CH 4 concentrations in the soil profile and the seasonal changes in soil moisture and temperature were observed for different treatments to explore the effect of plastic film mulching on soil moisture and temperature. The results showed that plastic film mulching can significantly improve the surface soil temperature during the pepper growing season in spring and summer ( P <0.01), but no significant difference was seen during the radish growing season in autumn and winter ( P >0.05). The soil moisture of the plastic film mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of no mulching in the radish growing season ( P <0.05), but no significant difference was observed for the pepper growing season ( P >0.05). During the whole observation period and under the condition of plastic film mulching and conventional planting, the CH 4 flux from soil had no significant seasonal variation under all treatments, and the mean CH 4 fluxes were -7.64 μg·(m 2 ·h) -1 and -9.00 μg·(m 2 ·h) -1 , respectively. The cumulative CH 4 emissions for plastic film mulching and conventional planting were -0.54 kg·hm -2 and -0.64 kg·hm -2 , respectively, in the whole observation period, and all the treatments showed a net absorption of CH 4 for the whole observation period. The results showed that the plastic film mulching could weaken the ability of CH 4 as a sink of the CH 4 for the whole observation period. The CH 4 concentrations in different soil profiles were in the order 10 cm>20 cm>30 cm, and the concentrations of CH 4 change patterns in different soil layers were almost identical during the whole observation period. The CH 4 concentrations at the depths of 20 cm and 30 cm under the plastic film mulching soil were significantly lower than those under no mulching soil ( P <0.05), but no significant difference was observed for the depth of 10 cm ( P >0.05). Correlation analysis showed that, under the plastic film mulching conditions, CH 4 flux and the 5 cm geothermal showed significant positive correlation ( P <0.05), but CH 4 flux and soil moisture showed significant negative correlation ( P <0.05). However, under the conventional cultivation conditions, there were no correlations between CH 4 flux and the 5 cm geothermal or soil moisture. There was also significant positive correlation between CH 4 concentration in the 10 cm and 20 cm depth soil layers with the CH 4 concentration in surface soil ( P <0.01), and the CH 4 concentration in the 30 cm depth soil layer had significant positive correlation with the surface soil temperatures and the 5 cm geothermal. There was no significant correlation between soil CH 4 concentration and soil water content.

In the present paper, aiming at the problem of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) applyication in ocean detection, the effects of laser wavelength on the detection of Ca in water solution were investigated. The evolvement characteriza tion of electron density was studied by analyzing the time resolved spectra of the plasma. The experimental results show that the lifetime of plasma is about 1 200 and 600 ns respectively induced by 1 064 and 532 nm laser. Based on the optical transmission characteristic and the LIBS experimental results, the dependence of needed laser energy before incidence into water E(iopt)(r) for optimal detection effect on the detection distance in water was found, and the dependence was simulated by applying to the in situ detection in water solution. The simulated results suggest that the needed laser energy of 1 064 nm laser before incidence into water is about 100 mJ when the detection distance is no larger than 5 cm. When the detection distance increases to 10 cm, the needed laser energy of 532 nm before incidence into water is only about 30 mJ. So it should be considered to choose 532 nm laser as the ablation source with the increase in the in situ detection distance.

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been shown to be a promising technique for element analysis with many advantages including on-line, real time, standing off and multi-element detection capability. In the present paper, the LIBS experiments for Pb in slurry samples were carried out with the motivation of developing an in-situ sensor for monitoring heavy metal. A Q-switched Nd : YAG laser operating at 532 nm with repetition frequency of 10 Hz was utilized to generate plasma on the prepared slurry samples, which were doped with same weight manganese as reference and varied concentration of lead. The induced plasma emission was recorded by CCD. The LIBS signals at PbI 405.78 nm and MnI 403.07 nm from the slurry samples were investigated. It was found that the intensity ratio of I(Pb)/ I(Mn) increased as a linear function of the concentration of Pb with correlation coefficient R2 of 0.994 9. The obtained results show that LIBS with conjunction of referent element could be developed as a potential technique for contamination analysis of soil slurries. The main influence factors in LIBS signal detection were also discussed.

Environmental concerns about the hazardous heavy metals in seawaters have been greatly increased in these years. To evaluate the potential application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to on-line toxic metals pollution monitoring in ocean, some experimental investigations with LIBS technique to detect metal ions in CuSO4 and Pb(NO3)2 water solutions have been carried out in our laboratory. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm with pulse width of 10 ns and repetition frequency of 10 Hz was utilized to generate plasma on a flowing liquid surface. The ensuing plasma emission was coupled by a quartz lens to a double grating monochromator and recorded with a PMT in conjunction with a computer controlled boxcar integrator. The temporal characteristic of the laser induced plasma and the power dependence of LIBS signal were investigated. The operation condition was improved with the optimal ablation pulse energy and the delay time for LIBS signal detection. The ablation location was varied to achieve better LIBS signal. The optimized ablation location for lead was found to be different from that for copper due to the breakdown of the ambient air. The detection limit of metal ion in water solution under the optimized operation conditions was found to be 31 ppm for copper and 50 ppm for lead. The experimental results proved that the flexibility of LIBS has the potential to be applied to the detection of toxic metals in seawaters, but the limits of detection for each element should be improved further to make a practical application of LIBS in this field.