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This study aimed to establish a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay method for the simultaneous quantitative detection of fumonisin B1, B2 and B3 in corn. The EDC/NHS active ester method was used to prepare time-resolved fluorescent microspheres and fumonisin antibody conjugates. Fumonisin antigen was immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane as the test line. By optimizing the number of test line, a competitive immunoassay method for detecting fumonisin was eventually established. Subsequently, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, and correlation with the national standard method were evaluated for the established method. The detection limits of the established method by using two test line pattern were 107.68~168.28 μg/kg, and the quantification limits were 283.46~444.63 μg/kg. The cross-reactivity with fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2 and fumonisin B3 were 100%, 85.59% and 72.72%, respectively, and no significant cross-reactivity was observed with five other common mycotoxins. The recovery rates ranged from 88.37% to 117.42%, and the coefficients of variation were lower than 10%. The conformity of the results obtained by the established method, as compared to the immunoaffinity column purification-high performance liquid chromatography (IAC-HPLC) method specified in the national standard GB 5009.240-2016, fell within the range of 92.17% to 107.21%. The established time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay method meets the requirements for rapid on-site quantitative detection of fumonisin B1, B2 and B3 in corn.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction-induced vitiligo based on bioinformatics. Methods The vitiligo target genes were obtained from CTD/Gene Cards/OMIM/NCBI Gene databases, while mitochondrial dysfunction target genes were downloaded from the MITOMAP database, followed by intersection analysis to identify the common genes. The latter were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The core genes were screened by analysis of protein-protein interaction. The NetworkAnalyst and Toppgene databases were used to predict the core gene-related transcription factors, miRNAs and the treatments. Results There were 90 common genes in vitiligo and mitochondrial dysfunction, and 13 core genes were screened by analysis of protein-protein interaction. The biological processes of the common genes were mainly enriched in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly, while the cellular components were mainly enriched in mitochondria. The molecular functions were mainly enriched in the activities of redox-driven transmembrane transporter and oxidoreductase, and KEGG was mainly enriched in respiratory electron transport. The transcription factors with high degree of interactions with the core genes included ATF1, KDM5A, KDM5B and PHF8, and the miRNAs with high interaction with core genes included hsa-mir-1-3p and hsa-mir-16-5p. The predicted effective drugs were lipoic acid and ubiquinols. Conclusions Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to pathogenesis of vitiligo by affecting biological processes, such as complex assembly and electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Transcription factors, such as ATF1 and KDM5, and miRNAs, including miR-1 and miR-493, may play an important pathogenic role in vitiligo by interaction with key genes, such as NDUFA9, SURF1, NDUFS1, NDUFS4 and LRPPRC.

The applications of adjuvant chemotherapy and targeted drugs have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with advanced cancer, however the rapid emergence of drug resistance and the subsequent rapid progress of the disease have always been the unmet challenges in the field of cancer treatment. Adaptive therapy (AT) combined with Darwinian evolutionary dynamics is a new treatment concept different from the traditional maximum tolerated dose (MTD), which is expected to overturn the treatment paradigm of advanced cancer and achieve long-term low load tumor bearing survival. This paper reviewed the theory of AT and the important role of mathematical models in optimizing adaptive treatment strategies, then briefly described other tumor treatment strategies based on Darwinian dynamics, in order to provide new ideas for clinicians in the game with advanced cancer.