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This study aimed to analyze the effect of Issatchenkia orientalis on the microbial community structure and volatile flavor substance synthesis in Nongxiangxing Baijiu Jiupei in order to explore its effect on the microbial interaction and metabolism in the Jiupei. Under laboratory conditions, the microbial system for Nongxiangxing Baijiu brewing consisting of the Jiupei and Huangshui, a by-product of Baijiu brewing, was fermented directly (control group) or after inoculation with a strain of I. orientalis isolated from the Jiupei (experimental group). The composition of microbial communities, microbial interactions, and volatile flavor substances in the 2 groups were analyzed. The results showed that the microbial abundance of Jiupei changed after inoculation with I. orientalis; the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Issatchenkia increased, and the relative abundance of Paenibacillus and Aspergillus decreased. Moreover, the microbial interaction was strengthened, making the microbial network structure more complex and compact. Compared with the control group, the volatile flavor substances in the experimental group increased significantly, 20 significantly differential volatile flavor substances were identified, and the contents of isopropanol, isoamylol and isobutanol increased significantly. The results of this study disclose the influences of inoculating I. orientalis on the microbial community structure and volatile flavor substances in Nongxiangxing Baijiu Jiupei and help to understand the impact of functional microorganisms on the microbial perturbation and metabolite synthesis in Jiupei.

Background Maintaining brain health is an advanced goal of healthy ageing. Eating a diet with appropriate nutrients has been identified as a promising approach to reducing the risk of dementia, but community-dwelling residents have inadequate or no health guidance from medical workers since there is no detailed and comprehensive clinical dietary nutrients management program for brain health promotion for community-dwelling people . Objective To search, evaluate and summarize the evidence on dietary nutrients management for brain health promotion in community-dwelling people, providing an evidence-based basis for clinical implementation of such management for this group of population. Methods In March 2022, we searched UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, JBI Model of Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institute on Aging, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, Medlive and other databases to collect literature (involving clinical decisions, recommended practices, guidelines, evidence summaries, expert consensuses and systematic reviews) regarding dietary nutrients management for brain health promotion in community-dwelling people. The retrieval period was from January 1, 2017 to March 29, 2022. Two researchers systematically trained in evidence-based medicine independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included literature. Then evidence was extracted from the included literature, and its quality was graded, then the best evidence was summarized. Results A total of 28 studies with an overall high methodological quality were included, including three clinical guidelines, five expert consensuses, one clinical decision and 19 systematic reviews. Finally, 23 pieces of best evidence were summarized, involving seven aspects of intervention timing, dietary nutrients assessment and screening, dietary patterns and components, specific nutrients, coffee intake, body weight management, health education and guidance. Conclusion Eating a diet with appropriate nutrients can promote brain health of residents. Community medical workers should develop an individualized dietary nutrients management program for brain health for them in accordance with the practical clinical situation, residents' current dietary nutrients status and preferences, and insights from the best evidence.

Objective To explore the molecular genetics and clinical characteristics of two cases of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) type 2 caused by glucokinase (GCK) gene mutation. Methods Two patients who were admitted into Beijing Jishuitan Hospital with suspected diagnosis of MODY from April 2015 to December 2015 were collected and analyzed by their clinical data. GCK gene sequencing was carried out for the two patients and their family members to find the cause of their disease. Results A new GCK heterozygous mutation p.T82P (c.244 A ＞ C) and a reported GCK heterozygous mutation p.V412M (c.1234 G ＞ A) were found in the two families. In the aspect of clinical manifestations, in addition to stable hyperglycemia, the 3 GCK gene mutation carriers in the two families showed metabolic syndrome of varying degrees. Conclusions GCK gene mutation p.T82P may be the cause of MODY2. The clinical manifestations of GCK gene mutation carriers are complex, and they need to be individualized and managed in treatment and prognosis.

Pressure disturbance propagation was investigated using the steady state replacement method, the relationship between moving boundary and time was obtained. An unstable seepage model in shale gas reservoirs was established considering the effects of desorption, diffusion, slip and moving boundary. Using Laplace transform, the pressure characteristics equation was solved for the condition of internal boundary being constant production and outer boundary being the moving boundary. Subsequently, combining the parameters of shale gas in southern China, unstable seepage pressure characteristics and its influence factors of shale gas reservoir were analyzed using MATLAB software. The results indicate that the pressure propagation is characterized by moving boundary effect during shale gas exploitation, which means that moving boundary is propagated outwards with the propagation velocity decreasing gradually. Under the effect of moving boundary or shale gas desorption, the pressure propagation velocity decreases and the reservoir pressure drop slows down. With the increasing of the diffusion coefficient, the reservoir pressure drop slows down and the effect of diffusion coefficient decreases gradually. In the process of gas reservoir exploitation, diffusion and slip contribute more and more to gas production, acting as the dominant factors, while the contribution of flow and desorption level off after decreasing. Key words: shale gas, unstable seepage, pressure propagation law, mathematical model, moving boundary