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This study aimed to analyze the effect of Issatchenkia orientalis on the microbial community structure and volatile flavor substance synthesis in Nongxiangxing Baijiu Jiupei in order to explore its effect on the microbial interaction and metabolism in the Jiupei. Under laboratory conditions, the microbial system for Nongxiangxing Baijiu brewing consisting of the Jiupei and Huangshui, a by-product of Baijiu brewing, was fermented directly (control group) or after inoculation with a strain of I. orientalis isolated from the Jiupei (experimental group). The composition of microbial communities, microbial interactions, and volatile flavor substances in the 2 groups were analyzed. The results showed that the microbial abundance of Jiupei changed after inoculation with I. orientalis; the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Issatchenkia increased, and the relative abundance of Paenibacillus and Aspergillus decreased. Moreover, the microbial interaction was strengthened, making the microbial network structure more complex and compact. Compared with the control group, the volatile flavor substances in the experimental group increased significantly, 20 significantly differential volatile flavor substances were identified, and the contents of isopropanol, isoamylol and isobutanol increased significantly. The results of this study disclose the influences of inoculating I. orientalis on the microbial community structure and volatile flavor substances in Nongxiangxing Baijiu Jiupei and help to understand the impact of functional microorganisms on the microbial perturbation and metabolite synthesis in Jiupei.

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Background Maintaining brain health is an advanced goal of healthy ageing. Eating a diet with appropriate nutrients has been identified as a promising approach to reducing the risk of dementia, but community-dwelling residents have inadequate or no health guidance from medical workers since there is no detailed and comprehensive clinical dietary nutrients management program for brain health promotion for community-dwelling people . Objective To search, evaluate and summarize the evidence on dietary nutrients management for brain health promotion in community-dwelling people, providing an evidence-based basis for clinical implementation of such management for this group of population. Methods In March 2022, we searched UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, JBI Model of Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institute on Aging, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, Medlive and other databases to collect literature (involving clinical decisions, recommended practices, guidelines, evidence summaries, expert consensuses and systematic reviews) regarding dietary nutrients management for brain health promotion in community-dwelling people. The retrieval period was from January 1, 2017 to March 29, 2022. Two researchers systematically trained in evidence-based medicine independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included literature. Then evidence was extracted from the included literature, and its quality was graded, then the best evidence was summarized. Results A total of 28 studies with an overall high methodological quality were included, including three clinical guidelines, five expert consensuses, one clinical decision and 19 systematic reviews. Finally, 23 pieces of best evidence were summarized, involving seven aspects of intervention timing, dietary nutrients assessment and screening, dietary patterns and components, specific nutrients, coffee intake, body weight management, health education and guidance. Conclusion Eating a diet with appropriate nutrients can promote brain health of residents. Community medical workers should develop an individualized dietary nutrients management program for brain health for them in accordance with the practical clinical situation, residents' current dietary nutrients status and preferences, and insights from the best evidence.

Objective To explore the molecular genetics and clinical characteristics of two cases of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) type 2 caused by glucokinase (GCK) gene mutation. Methods Two patients who were admitted into Beijing Jishuitan Hospital with suspected diagnosis of MODY from April 2015 to December 2015 were collected and analyzed by their clinical data. GCK gene sequencing was carried out for the two patients and their family members to find the cause of their disease. Results A new GCK heterozygous mutation p.T82P (c.244 A ＞ C) and a reported GCK heterozygous mutation p.V412M (c.1234 G ＞ A) were found in the two families. In the aspect of clinical manifestations, in addition to stable hyperglycemia, the 3 GCK gene mutation carriers in the two families showed metabolic syndrome of varying degrees. Conclusions GCK gene mutation p.T82P may be the cause of MODY2. The clinical manifestations of GCK gene mutation carriers are complex, and they need to be individualized and managed in treatment and prognosis.

Pressure disturbance propagation was investigated using the steady state replacement method, the relationship between moving boundary and time was obtained. An unstable seepage model in shale gas reservoirs was established considering the effects of desorption, diffusion, slip and moving boundary. Using Laplace transform, the pressure characteristics equation was solved for the condition of internal boundary being constant production and outer boundary being the moving boundary. Subsequently, combining the parameters of shale gas in southern China, unstable seepage pressure characteristics and its influence factors of shale gas reservoir were analyzed using MATLAB software. The results indicate that the pressure propagation is characterized by moving boundary effect during shale gas exploitation, which means that moving boundary is propagated outwards with the propagation velocity decreasing gradually. Under the effect of moving boundary or shale gas desorption, the pressure propagation velocity decreases and the reservoir pressure drop slows down. With the increasing of the diffusion coefficient, the reservoir pressure drop slows down and the effect of diffusion coefficient decreases gradually. In the process of gas reservoir exploitation, diffusion and slip contribute more and more to gas production, acting as the dominant factors, while the contribution of flow and desorption level off after decreasing. Key words: shale gas, unstable seepage, pressure propagation law, mathematical model, moving boundary

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Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Concrete structure is usually affected by sulfate and magnesium salt in soil water environmental. In order to explore anti-erosion properties of cement concrete and high-performance concrete mixed with slag powder after immersed in solution with sulfate and magnesium salt, the study designed three water-binder ratio treatments and two slag powder content treatments. After mixing with water, 1050 specimens (10 mm×10 mm×60 mm) were prepared and incubated in conditions of 20°C and moisture≥9.5% for 28 d. Then, they were immersed in five different solutions with different sulfate and magnesium concentrations for determine anti-erosion coefficient and microstructure of the specimens during erosion. The results showed that: The cement had many pores with large pore size when water-binder ratio was 0.50, and the maximum diameter of pore reached 372.5 μm. The improvement of the pore structure was not obvious when the water-binder ratio decreased to 0.35. When the pure cement concrete specimens was immersed in solution with 2500 mg/L SO42- and 1400 mg/L magnesium2- for 4 months. The pores of specimens were full of hydration products such as CaSO4·2H2O, 3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O (AFt), and a small amount of Mg(OH)2 and MgO·SiO2·H2O, which could lead to cracks in concrete, peeling off the side parts, even being crisp and surface slurry loss seriously. After 2 months, the erosion coefficient showed a downward trend with erosion duration and was below 0.85, indicating a limited anti-erosion capacity of silicon concrete. When the concrete was added with slag powder, the pore numbers became small and pore size was small. The largest pore size of concrete with water-binder ratio of 0.35 and 0.30 was only 1/7 and 1/8 times as that of concrete with water-binder ratio of 0.50. Meanwhile, the content of Ca(OH)2 was reduced. The concrete structure became loose, which was more obvious for specimens with low water-binder ratio. After 12 months of erosion in solution of sulfate and magnesium salt (20250mg/L SO42- and 2800mg/L Mg2+), the edge of specimen did not have erosion products and crystals of MgSO4·7H2O, Na2SO4·10H2O, Mg2(OH)3Cl·H2O, and the corrosion resistance coefficient was still more than 0.85. It suggested that slag powder can significantly improve the anti-erosion properties of high performance concrete formulated by 32.5 silicate cement. Therefore, when cements were used for environment with solutions including 13000 mg/L SO42- and 1400 mg/L Mg2+, or 20250 mg/L SO42- and 2800 mg/L Mg2+, the water-binder ratio of concrete should not be greater than 0.35 and 0.30, respectively, while slag powder content was appropriate from 40% to 45%.The study could provide data support and theoretical basis for concrete preparation and application in irrigation engineering (dam foundation, gates infrastructure and channels etc.) and greenhouse concrete foundation engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]