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With the trend towards the precise and digital planting management of orchards, apple cultivation relies more heavily on the planting management supporting technologies of orchards. In recent years, continuous breakthroughs made in spatial resolution and revisiting frequency have made remote sensing technology a major supporting technology for the precise planting management of apple orchards. However, there is an absence of reviews of the application status and prospect of this technology in the planting management of orchards. Based on the analysis of primary applications of remote sensing technology in the precise planting management of apple orchards, this study classified the applications into three major categories, namely the surveys of basic orchard information, inversions of orchard parameters, and the planting management support of orchards. Furthermore, this study reviewed the methods and performance of the applications of remote sensing technology in various fields and explored the application potential. Finally, it identified three types of problems with current research and application of remote sensing technology, namely insufficient studies on mechanisms and in some application fields, low - degree integration of multiple technologies, and the lack of large - scale application models. In addition, this study proposed four hot research and application topics in the future, namely models used to simulate the growth mechanisms of apple trees, the integrated support system for the planting management of apple trees, the single - tree monitoring based on satellite data, and the diversified services of remote sensing - based monitoring products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To carry out prenatal diagnosis for a fetus with Pallister-killian syndrome (PKS)., Methods: The fetus was found to have limb malformations at 23rd gestational week. With informed consent from its parents, amniotic fluid sample was taken from the fetus and subjected to chromosomal karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay., Results: G-banding analysis suggested the fetus has a mos47,XY,+mar[55]/46,XY[10] karyotype. CMA analysis of the cultured amniocytes with CytoScan 750K microarray revealed a segmental tetrasomy duplication of 12p13.33p11.1. FISH confirmed a 70% mosaicism of tetrasomy 12p in the metaphase amniocytes with 12pter/12qter probes., Conclusion: Combined use of G-banding karyotyping, CMA and FISH analysis has enabled diagnosis of PKS in the fetus. Although short limb is a common feature of PKS, unequal femur length has not been reported previously, which has expanded the spectrum of PKS-associated limb abnormalities.