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Intercity rail planning and construction generates improved regional accessibility and contributes to changes in the spatial organization of the region, incorporating more areas into the 'integrated corridor economy' through the increased attractiveness of new connection locations in a dynamic process involving multi-level impacts in social and economic domains. In addition, the development of areas outside the intercity rail corridor could also be altered by new intercity rail plans; these improvements, often referred to as efficiency impacts, are mainly related to accessibility benefits. Traditional assessment methods do not address the conflicts between efficiency and equity concerns. Achieving a single efficiency objective would bias intercity rail planning towards providing efficient connections between major centers of economic activity, negatively impacting spatial equity as it would lead to polarized spatial development patterns. Equity considerations are receiving increasing attention in current regional transport planning studies, in which intercity rail planning needs to maximize economic growth while maintaining an acceptable level of equity. We divided the scenarios based on different stages of intercity railway planning and construction, built the model of spatial equity and efficiency, adopted weighted average travel time, potential accessibility, and coefficient of variation as evaluation indexes, and conducted an empirical analysis of the changes in spatial equity and efficiency in the Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou region under the scenarios of no intercity railway, current intercity railway, and planned intercity railway, to discuss the development of an equitable and efficient regional spatial model through intercity railway planning and construction. The findings indicate that: Firstly, the planning of intercity railways in Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou region effectively promotes the overall improvement of accessibility, and the economic development potential of the areas along the routes is much higher than that of areas not located along the routes. Secondly, the core growth poles of Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou region continue to be reinforced, and the planning of intercity railways significantly increases the economic radiation capacity of Shenzhen; however, the imbalance of regional development increases concurrently. Thirdly, the spatial equity layout of the Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou region is characterized by a high level in the central and western areas and a low level in the two wings under the influence of the intercity railway plan, with the western coastal area of Dongguan and the northeastern part of Huizhou gaining inferior benefits. Lastly, the intercity railway plan has led to a more balanced pattern of economic linkages in the Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou region, with a greater enhancement of spatial equity in areas close to Shenzhen. In general, the difference in the accessibility of the intercity railways in the Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou region is significantly associated with factors related to the direct connection with the intercity railways and the location in contact with the core areas. The time-space compression effect produced by the construction of intercity railways has led to the expansion of the radiation range of the regional hinterland of the Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou region, thus achieving optimal regional spatial distribution. In addition to enhancing the economic benefits of the transport network, the Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou region should also take into account the equity of resource allocation and promote sustainable optimization as well as a balanced development of the spatial structure.

Gadolinium neutron capture therapy(GdNCT) is an innovative treatment that exert damage on tumor cells based on the capture reaction between thermal neutron and gadolinium. In comparison with other types of neutron capture therapy(NCT), gadolinium has the highest thermal capture cross section of any natural elements. Gadolinium-based agents are widely used in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) as contrast agents. The improvements of multiple gadolinium-based agents have been applied to enhance therapeutic efficacy of GdNCT. In this review, principles of gadolinium neutron capture therapy were studied and diverse strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy of gadolinium-based agents were summarized. Giving a perspective on GdNCT to prompt its clinical use.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor that threatens the health of women around the world, and bone is the site most prone to metastasis. The molecular mechanism concerned and targeted therapy against bone metastasis of breast cancer have become the current research hotspots. This article summarizes the key molecules involved in regulating bone metastasis of breast cancer. The important targeted therapy drugs are introduced and their efficacy is compared in two categories of those targeting at osteoclasts and those targeting at osteoblasts.

Objective To compare the electrophysiological results of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN⁃DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) under local or general anesthesia. Methods The data of 44 patients with PD who underwent STN⁃DBS surgery were retrospectively analyzed from January 2017 to October 2019. Among them, 22 cases were performed under general anesthesia with bispectral index (BIS), and the other 22 were implanted under local anesthesia. Microelectrode recording (MER) was used in 2 groups to locate the STN during operation and the electrophysiological signal length and the radial error of the electrode target after the MRI or CT reexaimined were analyzed and compared between 2 groups. Results Both general anesthesia group and local anesthesia group recorded typical discharges of the STN and located its sensorimotor function sub⁃regions. When the BIS value of patients in general anesthesia group was adjusted to 70 or above, their STN electrophysiological conditions were consistent with those under local anesthesia. There was no statistically significant difference in the electrophysiological length of bilateral STN between general anesthesia group and local anesthesia group [left (5.46 ± 0.98) mm vs. (5.30 ± 0.91) mm; t = 0.561, P = 0.578; right (5.21 ± 0.85) mm vs. (5.21 ± 1.21) mm; t = 0.000, P = 1.000]. There was no statistically significant difference in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale⁃Ⅲ (UPDRS⁃Ⅲ) score (16.37 ± 0.83 vs. 16.20 ± 0.98; t = 0.621, P = 0.538) and incidence of adverse reactions [68.18% (15/22) vs. 72.73% (16/22); χ2 = 0.109, P = 0.741] between 2 groups. After reexamination of MRI or CT and fusion with intraoperative MRI, there was no statistically significant difference in the radial error of the bilateral electrode targets between 2 groups [left (1.24 ± 0.56) mm vs. (1.18 ± 0.52) mm; t = 0.337, P = 0.738; right (1.10 ± 0.45) mm vs. (1.05 ± 0.53) mm, t = 0.368, P = 0.715]. Conclusions The typical discharge of STN could be recorded in both local and general anesthesia STN⁃DBS groups, and the sensory ⁃ motor area of STN could also be accurately indentified through its discharge. There is no significant difference in the length of STN electrophysiological signal and electrode error between 2 groups. The results showed that the precise implantation of intracranial electrodes in STN⁃DBS surgery could be performed under local or general anesthesia. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.12.005

(1) Background--The key state-owned forest areas are unique regions formed under the specific historical periods and special development strategies, and the reform of their governance system is crucial to ecological protection, sustainable development and social well-being in the new era. Although the reform of the state-owned forest areas has lasted for many years, there are still some problems such as dysfunctional institutional reform, stagnant industrial development and imperfect livelihood guarantee. (2) Methods--Taking Yichun Forest Industry Group in Heilongjiang Province as an example, this paper integrated resources, systems and social capitals into the analysis framework, and used the method of multiple case studies to compare and analyze the two reform modes of complete integration of the government and enterprises with the incomplete integration of the government and enterprises. The reform mechanisms and realistic dilemmas in the process of separating the government from enterprises were explored by setting SES (Social-ecological System) key variables in eight typical cases extracted from the four forestry bureaus. (3) Results--First, although the two reform modes of separating the government from enterprises had their own characteristics, in general, the reform of separating the government from enterprises led to the reshaping of the institutional environment and the changes in the authorities and responsibilities of the local governments and forest industry enterprises. However, the deep-rooted "system of units" and the deepening of path dependence limited the smooth implementation of the reform. Second, the reform process of separating the government from enterprises was externally influenced by the completeness of the supporting policies for reform, and internally constrained by the resources allocation rights, relative discourse rights and interdependence of the actors and governance systems, which affected the action stages by affecting the allocation mechanism of the reform costs. Third, the separation of the government from enterprises involved multiple stakeholders, including the government, enterprises, employees, etc., which would inevitably lead to the reconstruction of interest relations. In the post-reform period, it also faced the dilemmas such as unclear boundaries of the government and enterprises functions, insufficient support of the reform-related supporting policies, and difficult balance in the resettlement of the forest employees, which restricted the release of reform dividends. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, the local governments need to adjust their roles and responsibilities from those of administrators in the past to those of market regulators and service providers. At the same time, we should establish the value concept of overall co-governance and shape a mature cooperative governance structure. Second, since the reform of separating the government from enterprises affects the action stages of the local governments and forest industry enterprises, it is necessary to reasonably determine the sharing mechanism of reform costs and coordinate funding channels. For the public services undertaken by the enterprises in the transitional period, the government can share the relevant costs by purchasing socialized services. Third, after the separation of the government from enterprises, the forest workers have changed from the original "unit people" to enterprise employees. In the face of the rapidly changing development situation, the forest employees should continue to carry forward the forest industry spirit of hard work and daring to venture, actively face the market, go to the market and integrate into the market, constantly learn new vocational skills, and create "gold mountains and silver mountains" through diversified channels while managing and protecting the "clear waters and green mountains". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the outcome of the transoral reduction and fixation of basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation, to evaluate this novel technique involving a microscope⁃assisted anterior release and reduction and fixation through a transoral⁃transpharyngeal approach and describe the safety and efficacy of a new minimal invasive technique for the irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IADD). Methods A prospective clinical study was performed. Three consecutive irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation patients underwent a microscope ⁃ assisted anterior release and reduction and fixation through transoral⁃transpharyngeal approach. Transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate (TARP) for anterior fixation and autologous morselized bone grafting were used during the operation. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system was used to evaluate each patient's neurological status pre⁃ and post⁃operatively, and serial MRI and radiographs were used to evaluate the status of the reduction including the atlantoaxial interval and cervicomedullary angle were also measured. The clinical features, imaging data, special preoperative preparation, surgical approach, skills and postoperative complications of the 3 cases were analyzed. Results The average operation time was 130 min (110 min, 130 min, 150 min, respectively) and the mean estimated blood loss was 150 ml (100 ml, 200 ml, 150 ml, respectively). According to the postoperative CT all the 3 plates and 12 screws were appropriately placed and fixed. All cases of basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation were corrected differentially in terms of anatomic reduction and neurological disturbances were reversed remarkably. The improvement rate of spinal cord function was 75.00%, 40.00%, 56.25%, respectively according to JOA score, average improvement rate was 57.08%, and average recovery rating was "good". Postoperative nosocomial intracranial infection occurred in one case and was cured finally. Conclusion Microscope⁃assisted transoral⁃transpharyngeal reduction and fixation for the treatment of basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation is feasible and valuable. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.04.011

The focus of China's regional geological survey is being shifted to the largely overburden areas such as plains, basins, grasslands and deserts, and to the deep three-dimensional survey as well. The regional geological survey in Quaternary loose sediment covered area aims to reveal the surface process and the relationship between different spheres in late Cenozoic, and to explore the relationship between man and nature. However, a great difficulty in geological mapping in the covered area is that the lateral extension of Quaternary loose sediments is commonly unstable. Special attention should be paid to significant tectonic, sedimentary, paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental events, such as unconformities, erosion surfaces, volcanic rocks, lacustrine deposits, transgressive layers, paleoclimatic deposits (loess, latente, black soil, etc.) and paleocultural layers. They are often isochronous and can serve as important signs of lateral correlation of Quaternary loose sediments. The tectono-geomorphic evolution of East Asian continent are mainly controlled by two geodynamic systems: the Indian-Eurasian plate collision in the west, making rapid uplift and northeastward extension of the plateau, and the subduction of the eastern Pacific plate towards the Eurasian continent, forming a complex trench-arc-basin system on the eastern edge of the East Asian continent. The two tectonic systems have established the geological background of China since late Cenozoic, resulting in significant changes in the earth' s deep process and surface environment. The overall performance is the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the extension and thinning of eastern lithosphere, which finally shaped the current landform and water system pattern. According to these characteristics of Quaternary loose sediment cover, this paper analyzes the important tectono-sedimentary-paleoclimatic events since late Cenozoic in China, and summarizes the geological records of these events, especially the important sedimentary layer, erosion surface, unconformities, transgressive layers, etc., so as to make a regional comparison of Quaternary loose sediment in the regional geological survey of the covered area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To detect Alternaria longipes in tobacco fields rapidly, the monoclonal antibody against A. longipes was labelled with colloidal gold, and the rapid test strips for detecting A. longipes based on lateral flow immunoassay were developed for the first time. The results suggested that the test strips had a detection limit of 20 ng/mL and had no cross-reactivity with other tobacco-associated phytopathogens, which indicated its high sensitivity and specificity. Spiked fresh tobacco leaves were examined by using the test strips and the result could be obtained within 10 min. The colloidal gold strips are easy in operation and can be used for the rapid detection and early warning of occurrence of brown spot disease in tobacco fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel terpolymer (JAV) was prepared by free radical polymerization with acrylamide, vinyl neodecanoate and methylacryloxymethyl trimethoxysilane as monomers, and the properties of JAV for lithium-ion battery were characterized and analyzed. The results show that JAV has good thermal stability and the residual mass fraction remains above 85% at 360 . Compared with traditional polyvinylidene fluoride adhesives, the electrodes prepared by JAV have excellent mechanical properties, and can effectively maintain the electrode integrity in the battery cycle when used in silicon-based lithium-ion battery. Moreover, JAV has high bonding strength, the electrode can be stored in electrolyte for more than 15 days, and the assembled battery has a high initial specific capacity of 3 976. 23 mA-h/g with an initial Coulomb efficiency of 96. 24%. After 20 cycles of charge and discharge at current density of 0. 1 C, the battery still has a capacity of 517.86 mA'h/g, and a stable solid electrolyte interface film is formed, which can effectively improve the problem of rapid capacity decay of silicon-based lithium-ion battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the alkylphenol ethoxylate levels in water-based adhesives accurately, a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method combined with dispersive solid phase extraction to quantify octylphenol ethoxylate (OPnEO) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPnEO) in water-based adhesives was developed. Water-based adhesive samples were extracted with methanol, and then purified by Ci8 dispersive solid phase extraction. The extract solution was separated by gradient elution on an Inspire HILIC chromatographic column using 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. MS/MS analysis was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). The results showed that: 1) Baseline separation was realized for all OPnEO and NPnEO with different polymerization degrees within 25 minutes. 2) Under optimized conditions, the spiked recoveries for all the analytes were in the range of 79.8%-93.8% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 7.0% at the addition levels of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Good determination coefficients (R² ≥ 0.998 7) were achieved for all the analytes in the given concentration ranges. The LODs and LOQs were in the range of 6.64-7.42 and 22.6-24.9 µg/kg respectively. 3) Ten actual water-based adhesive samples were tested with the developed method. NPnEO was detected only in 2 samples and OPnEO was not detected in all the samples. This method is stable and accurate with strong specificity, and can be used to determine the OPnEO and NPnEO in water-based adhesives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the electrophysiological results of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) under local or general anesthesia. Methods The data of 44 patients with PD who underwent STN-DBS surgery were retrospectively analyzed from January 2017 to October 2019. Among them, 22 cases were performed under general anesthesia with bispectral index (BIS), and the other 22 were implanted under local anesthesia. Microelectrode recording (MER) was used in 2 groups to locate the STN during operation and the electrophysiological signal length and the radial error of the electrode target after the MRI or CT reexaimined were analyzed and compared between 2 groups. Results Both general anesthesia group and local anesthesia group recorded typical discharges of the STN and located its sensorimotor function sub-regions. When the BIS value of patients in general anesthesia group was adjusted to 70 or above, their STN electrophysiological conditions were consistent with those under local anesthesia. There was no statistically significant difference in the electrophysiological length of bilateral STN between general anesthesia group and local anesthesia group [left (5.46 ± 0.98) mm vs. (5.30 ± 0.91) mm; t = 0.561, P = 0.578; right (5.21 ± 0.85) mm vs. (5.21 ± 1.21) mm; t = 0.000, P = 1.000]. There was no statistically significant difference in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III) score (16.37 ± 0.83 vs. 16.20 ± 0.98; t = 0.621, P = 0.538) and incidence of adverse reactions [68.18% (15/22) vs. 72.73% (16/22); χ² = 0.109, P = 0.741] between 2 groups. After reexamination of MRI or CT and fusion with intraoperative MRI, there was no statistically significant difference in the radial error of the bilateral electrode targets between 2 groups [left (1.24 ± 0.56) mm vs. (1.18 ± 0.52) mm; t = 0.337, P = 0.738; right (1.10 ± 0.45) mm vs. (1.05 ± 0.53) mm, t = 0.368, P = 0.715]. Conclusions The typical discharge of STN could be recorded in both local and general anesthesia STN-DBS groups, and the sensory - motor area of STN could also be accurately indentified through its discharge. There is no significant difference in the length of STN electrophysiological signal and electrode error between 2 groups. The results showed that the precise implantation of intracranial electrodes in STN-DBS surgery could be performed under local or general anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With developments in humans' daily lives, and the increase in the plastic production, the waste plastic which is difficult to be degraded is ever increasing and has an influence on the stability of ecosystem. Recent studies have shown that yellow mealworms (the larvae of Tenebrio molitor) can feed on and degrade plastic. In this paper, the related researches on plastic-feeding mealworms were reviewed from the following three aspects: (1) screening of plastic-degrading microorganisms in the gut of yellow mealworms; (2) the gut microbial diversity of plastic-feeding yellow mealworms; (3) digestive capacity and growth performance of yellow mealworms, which might provide some references for reasonable and economical management of plastic pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloids play a key role in the transference process of phosphorus (P) in soil. Activation and transference of soil colloidal phosphorus have great effect on soil P pool and the surrounding water quality. This paper summarized the current studies on soil colloidal P, discussing the effects of the various factors (e.g., soil physical and chemical properties, fertilization, rainfall and soil amendments) on the transference of soil colloidal P. Some advanced analysis technologies (e.g., flow field-flow fractionation, transmission electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, X-ray absorption near-edge structure and nuclear magnetic resonance) and methods of reducing soil colloidal P were also involved. This review would provide important information on the mechanism of soil colloidal P transference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the real-time imaging sonar, the imaging data require to be compressed to transmit to the littoral combat ship (LCS) in some cases such as in the wireless communication between a LCS and a remote multi-mission vehicle ( RM-MV). In this paper, a discrete cosine transform ( DCT) and subsection quantization based imaging data compression method was proposed, which could apply to the real-time sonar imaging row data. The steps of the method were as follows. Firstly the row data were transformed by DCT. Secondly the DCT sequence was truncated for its strong "energy compaction" property. Finally the truncated data were divided into several subsections, each of which was quantized separately. In the display end, which usually located in a LCS, after an adverse processing, the decompressed imaging raw data would display on the screen in real time. The method was applied to the lake trial sonar data, indicating this effective solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidimensional data such as three-dimensional position information is one of the major data objects of current high performance computer systems. Its date compression Is an important technique to tackle the problem that lack of data storage space and I/O bandwidth cannot meet the demands of rapidly increasing massive muld-dimensional data. Existing algortthms are insufticient for multi-dimensional floating data compression. A curve fitting method for massive multi-dimensional data compression is proposed. Multi-dimensional floating-point data is projected onto a two-dimensional coordinates. By using polynomial curve fitting， the original data is compressed by storing the polynomial coefficients. Sorting is introduced in the design of the algortthm as the data preprocessing means； thereby a smaller compression error is obtained. The theoretical analysis and experimental resutts show that the compression ratio of our proposed algorithm outperforms the algorithms with the same error rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the structures of basal diameter, height and canopy width of Camellia azalea population in E'huangzhang Nature Reserve of Guangdong. The spatial distribution patterns and dynamics of the population were measured by applying aggregate indices including disperse coefficient, negative binomial distribution, Cassie index, clumping index, mean crowding, patch index and Green index. The results showed that in the natural distribution region, the population was mainly composed of adult trees, and was in declining due to seriously lack of seedlings. The structures of diameter, height and canopy width were not identical among different plots. In the plots, the spatial distribution pattern of C. azalea population showed clump or random, and changed from clump to random with the development of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the distribution properties of nanoparticles in the polymer electrolyte, micro-porous polymer electrolyte PVDF-HFP-SiO2 (OP-10) was prepared with phase inversion method by adopting nano-sized SiO2 as the inorganic filler and OP-10 as dispersant. The morphology, crystal structure and electrochemical properties of the electrolyte were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The results showed that the addition of nano-SiO2 suppressed the crystallinity of polymer electrolyte and enhanced the tensile intensity. The ionic conductivity was improved, the highest ionic conductivity (20 °C) of the PVDF-HFP-SiO2 (OP-10) polymer electrolyte was 4.90 x 10-3S ⋅ cm-1, with a high electrochemical stability window of 5.3 V, and the corresponding cation transference number was 0.83. The distribution of SiO2 and interracial compatibility of nanometer particles were improved by the addition of OP-10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social change in China recent years has shaken the the traditional patriarchal society, on which traditional Wushu is built to grow. Traditional Wushu thus experienced tortuous cultural selection processes. The journey start from fight against the imperial invasion of force and culture to conflict and awakening, with which traditional Wushu seek for the road of rejuve-nation and till at last to unrest and integration that traditional transformation Wushu went through in New china. Traditional Wushu's cultural choice is therefore highly connected with social, political and economic situation in each period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Based on Euler-Euler two-fluid model and the mechanism of air-fluid phase momentum transfer, numerical simulations of ventilated cavitating flow were carried out under various Froude number and ventilation rate. The variation law of cavity shape and cavitation number was obtained in regard to different working conditions. Compared with experimental results, the numerical model is capable of predicting the cavity shape accurately. By further analysis of the velocity field and interfacial shear stress, it is found that, at low ventilation rate, the interphase slip velocity and shear stress appear stronger, which results an easier air package leakage by re-entrained jet. While at high ventilation rate, the possibility of gas leakage from the interface in the form of small bubbles is enhanced due to a delayed breakup point by re-entrained jet. Above conclusions are coincidence with experimental results and hence the validity of numerical model is proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the sixth forest inventory data of Taihe County, Jiangxi Province, this paper analyzed the curve relations between the carbon densities and ages of major forest types by using Logistic equation, and estimated the total amounts and change trends of the biomass and carbon storage of forest vegetation from 1985 to 2003 by the method of biomass expansion factor. The carbon storage in 2020 and 2030 was estimated by setting 2003 as the baseline year and assuming that the area of forest vegetation remained stable and without consideration of forest rotation. In 2003, the total forest area of Taihe County was 15.74×104 hm2, the total biomass was 6.71 Tg, the vegetation carbon storagewas 4.14 Tg C, and the average carbon density was 26.31 t C·hm-2. In 1985, 1994, 2003, 2020, and 2030, the forest carbon storage was 1.06, 2.83, 4.14, 5.65, and 6.35 Tg C, respectively. The carbon density of the forest vegetation in Taihe County decreased from the eastern and western regions to the central. Artificial afforestation contributed significantly to the increase of forest stand area, and consequently, to the improvement of forest carbon sequestration capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual occurrence of forest fire in Jiangxi Province of China in 1950-2008 was averaged 762 times and covering 1.578×104 hm2. Based on the forest fire statistic data, meteorological data, forest inventory data, and other parameters, this paper analyzed the characters of forest fire in the province, and estimated its carbon release and transfer. In the province, the total forest biomass loss from forest fire in 1950-2008 was about 61.155 Tg, and the biomass carbon loss was about 30.993 Tg C, accounting for 15.92% of the vegetation carbon pool in the whole province. Before the 1970s, the biomass carbon loss occupied 74.3% of the total loss in 1950-2008, but after the 1990s, this loss decreased rapidly, with an annual average carbon loss less than 0.097 Tg C. The released CO2, CH4, and CO from the forest fire were about 5.408 Tg, 0.047 Tg, and 0.486 Tg, respectively, and led to 22.436 Tg of biomass carbon transferred into soil carbon. The snow and ice disaster in the beginning of 2008 resulted in high frequency forest fire, and led to a 0.463 Tg biomass carbon loss, which was 2.56 times of the average value (0.181 Tg) in 2003-2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the analysis of growth hormone gene (GH) polymorphism and body mass of mink in China. A statistical analysis model was established due to experimental community's character to analyze their relationship and single nucleotide polymorphisms of mink's GH gene were detected by the single chain conformation polymorphisms and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing analysis. Result shows that genotypic combination had an influence trend to the body weight of minks.

The gas pressure gradient variation law and the horizontal ground stress distribution law of the tectonic outburst seam would be the major factor affected to the coal and gas outburst. A quantitative calculation model of the seam gas pressure gradient and horizontal ground stress was established. Taking the regional tectonic outburst seam near No. 236-80 north cross-cut in Tanjiachong Mine as a study object, the FLAC simulation result showed that the seam failure was serious in the region with horizontal ground stress approached to zero. The calculation showed that when the ground stress was about 3 MPa, the gas pressure gradient in the tectonic seam would have a sudden change. When the horizontal ground stress was over 3 MPa, the gas pressure gradient would rapidly increase in the two regions of 0-5 m and 42-62 m along the strike direction of the seam physical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the problem that a large number of residual coal left in the goaf of the resources integration mine because of the early extensive mining, which was easy to cause spontaneous combustion of coal. Taking No. 4+9 coal seam of Beizu Coal Mine as a study subject, the combustion situation of fire area was researched through indicator gas experiment, and the high-temperature area of the roadway roof face was divided through infrared detection technique. The result showed that, CO C2H4 and C2H6 could be taken as the indicator gas for spontaneous combustion in No. 4+9 coal seam of Beizu Coal Mine, the temperature in fire area was 80~110 ⋅C, and there was a tendency that the fire area enlarged from north to south. The research result provided reference for drilling detection and plugging and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the traditional acrylic fiber dyeing process, the cationic dye has always been the exclusive dye for acrylic. However, the issue that it is not high of level dyeing, as well as the high cost have been difficult to solve. This paper focused on that direct dyes as raw materials, and discussed the effect of the liquor ratio, pH value, sodium chloride concentration, dye concentration and fixing agent on dyeing properties of acrylics. The experiments show that the apparent depth and washable color fastness of acrylic were enhanced which was fixed after stained by direct dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

air-fuel equivalence ratio and timescales of kinetic reaction and oxygen transport were used to analyze the combustion of underground coal fires at different temperature stages. At high temperature stage, due to the fast rate of kinetic reaction, oxygen concentration transported from galleries or cracks was lower than that required by theoretical kinetic reaction. Thus the oxygen consumption rate of coal combustion was controlled by oxygen transport rate and the coal fires were incomplete combustion because of lean oxygen concentration. According to the Single-Particle Reaction- Diffusion model proposed by Krishnaswamy, a formula to estimate oxygen consumption rate of underground coal fires with lean oxygen concentration and incomplete combustion at high temperature was developed. A numerical case study was conducted to analyze and examine the proposed formula. The investigated results show that the proposed formula can effectively estimate oxygen consumption rale controlled by oxygen transport at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A time-variant curve (TVC) model-based automatic equalization method is proposed for the intensity variation problem of synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) images. A theoretical expression of TVC is deduced based on sound transmission model, underwater backscattering strength model and SAS image model. A method to calculate the TVC observations is established based on the statistical model of SAS images. An estimation method based on non-linear least square fitting model (NL-LSFM) is used to acquire the optimized parameter of TVC. At last, the SAS images are automatically equalized and enhanced based on the optimized TVC. The method proposed has been validated by lake and sea trials. The test results show that the result calculated by the TVC expression is consistent with the experimental data, and the automatic equalization method can remove the intensity variation of SAS images properly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection probability is an important index of camouflage assessment. Based on statistical decision model, the relationship between single image feature and psychological perception quantity is set up by defining the similarity of four image features. Five psychological experiments were carried out, and the relation between perception quantity and detection probability was found. The verification of target interpretation shows that the target detection probability can be obtained by the model objectively. A new method is provided for camouflage assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It improves the discriminatory power of traditional DEA (data envelopment analysis) by Gini criteria approach to decrease the risk of influencing the results of performance evaluation, which is influenced by the number of evaluating indicator. Utilizing the data from the urban public transit enterprises of Nanjing in the first half of the year 2011 illustrates how to apply the DEA-Gini approach to evaluate the efficiency of urban public transit enterprises and give an objective performance evaluation result. After establishing a set of evaluating indicator system considering both commonweal and business for urban public transit enterprises, calculating the efficiencies of them under each possible variable subsets. Then obtaining the degrees of importance of all possible variable subsets based on Gini rule, and the comprehensive efficiency scores (CESs) can be gained at last, which can give a much more objective appraisal for urban public transit enterprises. Based on the results, doable suggestions are advanced to ensure that the giving priority to the development of public transportation can be put into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]