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The quality of postharvest fruit is susceptible to deteriorate, resulting in economic losses, and the disease caused by pathogen is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of postharvest fruit quality. At present, the research on postharvest disease loss of fruit is mainly focused on the pathogenic mechanism of pathogens, although few has been reported on the resistance response of fruits after infected by pathogens. In this paper, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of postharvest response to pathogen infection were reviewed, including the effects of pathogen infection on fruit cell structure, fruit defense enzyme system and the role of fruit metabolites in disease resistance. The research status of fruit disease resistance genes was also discussed. The response of harvested fruits that were infected by pathogens was deeply reviewed from the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms, which laid the foundation for the research and development of new techniques of fruit preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]