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The morphological characteristics, ecological habits, and physiological structures of fish vary rapidly in the early growth and development stage. Understanding the changes in the postembryonic early development morphology of organs or tissues could provide basic information for the classification or identification of fish and the investigation or utilization of early resources. Morphological characteristic observation is one of the most commonly used methods. The existing studies on the early development of a certain trait in the late larval and juvenile stage are unclear. Most of the digital images are side views, resulting in a lack of dorsal views, ventral views, or local images, which is not conducive to the understanding of larval and juvenile. In this study, the variations in observable, measurable, and countable traits in postembryonic early development of Thamnaconus septentrionalis were explored using optical microscopy and stereomicroscopy. The observable traits included the developmental changes of yolk sac, scales, and notochord curvature. The measurable traits included the growth changes of total length, body length, body height, and oral fissure. The countable characters included the number of fins in the second dorsal fin, anal fin, caudal fin, and the number of pterygiophore. The results showed that at (23.0±1.0) ℃, the newly hatched larvae moved up and down in the water, with a phenomenon of convergent clustering under light irradiation; the pectoral fin appeared at 1 d, and the heart rate was approximately 50 beats/min; the optic capsule was completely black, the maxillar appeared, the oral fissure extended below the eyes, the yolk sac disappeared, and the first dorsal fin base appeared at 4 d; the girdle was single and colorless and began from the front edge of the belly, the oil globule disappeared, and the pelvic fin base appeared at 7 d; the first dorsal fin base and pelvic fin base broke membrane at 8 d; the first dorsal fin and pelvic fin were significantly longer than before, transparent rounded scales were observed at 9 d; swimming ability was improved, indicated by hovering back and forth gnawing pool wall, transversally conical barbs appeared at the base of the first dorsal fin at 11 d; the swim bladder and postcleithrum on both sides of the belly were clearly visible at 12 d; the second dorsal fin and anal fin pterygiophore appeared at 14 d, the second dorsal fin pterygiophore spans seven sarcomeres and the anal fin pterygiophore spans six sarcomeres. There are 10~12 melanin masses in the second dorsal fin and 5~6 in the anal fin, the conical teeth appeared on the upper and lower jaws at 16 d; the second dorsal fin and anal fin were differentiated at 19 d; the swim bladder fills about 25% of the abdominal cavity; notochord curves upward clearly and the stalk of caudal fin came out at 20 d; the fin strips of the second dorsal fin, anal fin, and caudal fin were well-developed at 24 d; the open mouth was round and changed from swallowing to sucking at 30 d, and the rainbow cells were colorful and the body surface near the gill was the most dense; the abdominal cavity has a strong metallic texture, the hard spine of the pelvic fin was degraded, close to the girdle at 39 d; 4~5 black bands were arranged regularly on the body, and the lateral line was consistent with the vertebral column at 50 d. The R2 values of the curve equations of measurable traits were all greater than 0.90. The height of the first dorsal fin increased exponentially 4~30 d. The visual sac increased linearly from 0~11 d to 11~20 d, and the increment of 0~11 d was less than that of 11~20 d, while the increment of 21~30 d was exponential. The oral fissure in 4~13 d and 22~30 d increased linearly, while that in 13~22 d decreased linearly. The total length, body length, and body height increased linearly before the inflection point and exponentially after the inflection point, which was concentrated in 19~23 d. The number of fin pterygiophore of the second dorsal fin was 31~36, while that in the anal fin was 33~35. The number of pectoral fins and caudal fins were 15~18 and 12, respectively. In conclusion, metamorphosis occurs in the postembryonic early development of T. septentrionalis, showing an allometric growth pattern, with a slow linear growth in the rotifer-feeding stage and a fast exponential growth in the artemia-feeding stage. The changes in the first dorsal fin and pelvic fin were correlated with age in days. The changes in the second dorsal and anal fins were correlated with the total length. This study enriches the early biological theory of T. septentrionalis and provides basic data for the investigation or utilization of its seedling breeding and resources. The partial enlarged detail is helpful for scholars to further understand the larval or juvenile fish and perform deep research.

In order to explore the flavor mechanism of selective ingestion by captive juvenile giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), a special flavor agent was independently studied and developed for captive juvenile giant pandas, according to the ingestive behavior characteristics, familiar food aroma and favorite food taste of captive juvenile giant pandas. Through the olfactory and gustatory evaluations by professionals, the flavor agent could improve the main odors and tastes of bamboo leaves. From June 2022 to March 2023, the bamboo leaves of Chimonobambusa purpurea, Pleioblastus maculatus, Chimonobambusa utilis and Ch. szechuanensis were fed to seven about 1. 5-year-old captive giant panda cubs (three males and four females), six about 2. 5-year-old (two males and four females) and six about 4. 0-year-old subadult captive giant pandas (three males and three females). Only the test group’s bamboo leaves were sprayed with the flavor agent, but not the control group. During each morning and mid-day feeding time, the feeding test was carried out for 30 minutes, and the placement of two different groups of bamboo leaves were swoppted. The sequences ingested the test group’s bamboo leaves and control group’s bamboo leaves, maximum continuous ingesting time, total ingesting time, the number of ingested bamboo branches and bamboo leaf intakes were quantified through free choice ingestion tests of the captive juvenile giant pandas and video replays of their ingestion processes. The results showed that: (1)The flavor agent could significantly increase the proportion of first ingestion times of the 1. 5-year-old giant panda cubs. (2)The flavor agent could significantly increase the maximum of continuous ingesting time of the 1. 5-year-old and 2. 5-year-old juvenile giant pandas, and the averaged increase rate was 339. 32% and 102. 59%, respectively. (3) The flavor agent could significantly increase total ingesting time of bamboo leaves by 1. 5-year-old and 2. 5-year-old tested juvenile giant pandas, and the averaged increase rate was 310. 45% and 129. 91%, respectively. (4)The flavor agent significantly increased the bamboo branch number ingested by 1. 5-year-old, 2. 5-year-old and 4. 0-year-old tested juvenile giant pandas, and the averaged increase rate was 186. 20%, 80. 87% and 103. 12%, respectively. (5)The flavor agent also significantly increased the bamboo leaf intake by 1. 5-year-old, 2. 5-year-old and 4. 0-year-old tested juvenile giant pandas, and the averaged increase intake rate was 154. 21%, 118. 02% and 109. 77%, respectively. Therefore, the special flavor agent could strengthen bamboo leaf ingestion inductivity by captive juvenile giant pandas and had significant effects on increasing bamboo leaf intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To conduct the genetic analysis of a family with one patient suffering from juvenile Parkinson’s disease (JP) and discuss the clinical manifestations, genetic mutation characteristics, and treatment plans prompted by PRKN gene compound heterozygous mutations and to enhance the clinicians’ awareness of this disease. Methods The clinical data of one patient with JP caused by PRKN gene mutations was analyzed, the clinical manifestations and genetic mutation features of the patient were summarized, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results The patient, a 16-year-old male, was admitted to the hospital due to unstable gait, trembling limbs with rigidity in both lower limbs for three years. The examination results revealed a panic gait, clear consciousness, fluent speech, normal muscle strength in limbs, increased “gear-like” muscle tone in both upper limbs, and “lead-pipe” rigidity in both lower limbs；the sensory functions and tendon reflexes were normal. The head, neck, and thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results showed no abnormalities. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) results showed that the head size and shape were normal, the glucose metabolism in the left cerebellum and middle temporal gyrus was slightly decreased, and the glucose metabolism in bilateral thalami, right frontal lobe, parietotemporal lobe, and left medial frontal lobe was increased. The dopamine transporter (DAT) PET/CT results showed that there was no radioactive distribution in the brain cortex and the DAT distribution in the posterior part of both striate was decreased. The whole-exome sequencing results showed the patient had two PRKN gene mutations such as codons c. 8T>A and c. 850G>C compound heterozygous mutations and each mutation was from one parent the patient’s father carried the c. 8T>A mutation, the patient’s mother carried the c. 850G>C mutation, and the patient’s sister had the same genetic mutation site as the patient’s father. Conclusion：PRKN gene compound heterozygous mutations may be the basis of the disease in this family. Identification of the mutation c. 8T>A expands the mutation spectrum of the PRKN gene, and provides the valuable information for the research on the pathogenic genetic mutations of the JP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brachymystax tsinlingensis is a unique cold water fish locally distributed in China, belonging to Salmoniformes, Salmonidae and Brachymystax. It is mainly distributed in the mountain streams of the Qinling mountain range, including the Shitouhe River in the northern foothills, the Heihe River in the eastern foothills and the Taibaihe and Xushuihe rivers in the southern foothills. B. tsinlingensis has high sensitivity owing to demanding natural habitat conditions and special biological properties. In the past few decades, environmental pollution, a variety of human-caused threats, and reduced resources has caused drastic declines in the wild populations of B. tsinlingensis. In 1998, the species was listed as a second-class state-protected wild animal in the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals. Due to environmental disruption and human impacts, wild numbers of this species have declined quickly. In China, researchers have focused on B. tsinlingensis conservation. Artificial propagation is one of the most effective methods to restore the natural populations of B. tsinlingensis. In recent years, initial breakthroughs in artificial propagation techniques have aided this species, but the fry survival rate remains relatively low. During artificial breeding experiments, we identified the light environment and substrate conditions that are important factors affecting the survival rate of fry. Fry behavioral selection of light and substrate characteristics was highly significant. The aim of this study was to identify the habitat preferences and associated behavior of B. tsinlingensis. Behavioral experiments were conducted on the progeny of B. tsinlingensis in response to the light environment and substrate color. In this study, we randomly selected healthy juveniles from the same offspring batch obtained through artificial propagation as the experimental fish. The fry total length ranged from 2.23–4.57 cm, with an average of (3.31±0.67) cm. Fry weight ranged from 0.21–0.77 g, with an average weight of (0.42±0.18) g. The experimental fish were not fed 2 h before initiating the experiment. We undertook a combination of individual tests and population tests to investigate three different behavioral selection experiments on juveniles: substrate color preference with the substrate colors of black, white, and blue; light intensity preference with the light intensity of dark (from 1 lx to 5 lx), transition area (from 5 lx to 10 lx), and illuminated area (from 10 lx to 25 lx); light color preference with the light colors of yellow, red, green, or blue. The statistical analysis of the percentage of residence time and the distribution number of experimental fish in each area, enabled analysis using a selective index for the different light intensities, different light colors, and different substrate colors. All analyses used Excel 2016 and SPSS (V 25.0) software, and the statistical values were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The results showed that the percentage of time the individuals resided in the black substrate area was significantly higher than that in the white or blue area (P < 0.05). The percentage of the population distributed in the black substrate area was also significantly higher than that in the white or blue area (P < 0.05). Therefore, the majority of the fish preferred the black substrate. The fish swam slowly through the black substrate area in the substrate color experiments. Secondly, in the phototropism experiment, there was no significant variation in the duration of each individual in the three light intensity areas (P > 0.05), and the percentage of the population in the illuminated area was significantly lower than that in the dark area and the transition area (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the dark area and the transition area. The population had a negative tendency to the illuminated area, and fish were observed clustering in the dark area and the transition area. Moreover, individuals did not differ significantly in the percent of time they resided in the four light color areas (P > 0.05). However, the percentage of individuals in the green light area was significantly lower than that in other areas (P < 0.05). The population had a negative tendency towards the green light, and fish displayed sudden acceleration when swimming through the green area in the light color selection experiment. Consequently, the population had a more pronounced avoidance than the individual experiments, this might be related to the mutual transmission of information when residing in clusters, and the speed of information transmission in groups encouraging individuals to avoid the adverse environment. Juvenile B. tsinlingensis preferred a black substrate, avoided green light, and their optimum illumination range was 1–10 lx. The results provide scientific guidance for environmental fry rearing and releasing of B. tsinlingensis.

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveTo compare the characteristics of adult and juvenile callers at high risk of suicide from psychological assistance hotline， to screen factors influencing the crisis intervention effect， so as to develop specific intervention programs for different age groups on psychological assistance hotline.MethodsFrom January 2021 to June 2021， a total of 2 229 callers at high risk for suicide were recruited from Beijing psychological assistance hotline. The selected individuals were divided into adult group （n=1 344） and juvenile group （n=885）. Callers were interviewed by the hotline operators. Their general information， suicidal ideation， socio-psychological characteristics and chief complaints were recorded and compared between two groups. Before and after hotline crisis interventions， psychological distress， suicidal ideation intensity and hope level of the callers were assessed， and the improvements in the three assessed dimensions were compared between two groups. Then Logistic regression was adopted to compare the crisis intervention effects on three dimensions and their associated factors.ResultsCompared with adult group， juvenile group reported higher rates of family relationship problems， learning problems， history of suicide attempts and fear of assault， with statistically significant differences （χ2=55.604， 24.706， 41.944， 106.527， P

Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is a member of the family Sebastidae—an ovoviviparous marine fish widely distributed in the coastal waters of China. This species has important commercial value and is also a delicious table fish. It often inhabits areas at the bottom of the sediment in rocky reefs with clear water quality. The species does not exhibit a long-distance migration habit or remarkable clustering. In recent years, sea ranching has developed rapidly in China. Black rockfish is a good candidate to promote sea ranching, because it does not exhibit a long migratory habit and is called a housekeeping fish. In recent decades, owing to the overfishing of wild resources and deterioration of the environment, the natural pools of black rockfish have decreased sharply. Thus, the national black rockfish release and breeding plan was implemented in 2006. Currently, millions of young black rockfish are released into the sea every year in China, which has played a positive role in promoting the conservation and restoration of natural resources. However, the release activity of marine organisms is random and under lax supervision. In recent years, various tagging technologies, including external markers, such as T-bar markers, and internal markers, such as otolith markers, have been developed to support the evaluation of the enhancement effect of released species. At present, otolith fluorescent labeling is the only reported marker technology that can be used for the proliferation and release of black rockfish. However, otolith staining has some problems, such as difficulty in detection and rapid fading, and it is not effective as an internal marker. Currently, there has been no efficient internal marker for black rockfish juveniles; thus, an effective marking technology must be established for evaluating the enhancement effect of black rockfish to support scientific release and natural resource maintenance. The coded wire tag (CWT) is a magnetized stainless-steel wire segment with a diameter of 0.25 mm. Several rows of numbers are engraved on the marking line to represent a specified batch or a single code. CWTs are widely used internal tags with many advantages, including small size, easy management, accuracy, and high retention. CWTs have been effectively used in over 30 fish genera worldwide because of their high retention rates and minimal biological impact on living fish, although serious effects on growth and survival have been reported among different species and tag placements. In the present study, we investigated the marking effects of CWTs on released juveniles of black rockfish. According to different sizes and marking placements, the experimental juveniles of black rockfish were divided into four groups: small fish [average total length = (8.25±0.84) cm, average body weight = (9.99±2.75) g ] with gill levator arcus palatine muscle tagging group (SLM group); small fish with dorsal muscle tagging group (SDM group), large fish [average total length = (11.13±0.67) cm, average body weight = (20.95±2.99) g ] with gill levator arcus palatine muscle tagging group (SDM group); and large fish with dorsal muscle tagging group (LDM group). The survival rate, tag retention, antioxidant enzyme activity, and expression of genes related to growth or stress were measured to evaluate the effects of CWTs on black rockfish juveniles. The survival rate was 100% in all study groups. The tag retention rates in the SLM and LLM groups were 87% and 97%, respectively. The tag retention rate in the SDM and LDM was 100%. The specific growth rate of all tagged fish was lower than that of the control fish. After 30 days of culture post-tagging, the liver catalase enzyme activity in the SLM and LDM groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the liver superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in all experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. The liver IGF-I mRNA levels were significantly higher in the SLM, LLM, and LDM groups than in the control group. There were no significant differences in HSP70 mRNA levels between the small fish groups, while in the large fish groups, HSP70 mRNA level in the LDM group was lower than that in the LLM and control groups. Therefore, CWT is suitable for marking black rockfish juveniles based on survival and tag retention data; however, the specific growth rate of tagged fish was lower than that of the control fish, and the antioxidant enzyme activities and expression of genes related to growth and stress showed significantly different expression responses to CWT marking, indicating that tagging caused physiological stress in released black rockfish juveniles. Therefore, indoor temporary breeding or wild domestication time should be relatively long for the seedlings marked with CWTs, which is conducive to improving the survival rate of the marked released seedlings and their growth after release. Overall, CWTs may be useful to evaluate the enhancement effects of released species and support accurate assessments of the proliferation and release effect of black rockfish.

The incidence of hyperuricemia （HUA） has been increased year by year， showing a trend of younger onset. Juvenile HUA patients are potentially susceptible to gout and renal damage in the future， which pose significant hidden threat to the society， family and juvenile health. At present， juvenile HUA has been rarely studied at home and abroad， and unified diagnostic and treatment criteria and guidelines are still lacking. In this article， the epidemiology， diagnostic criteria， etiological factor， relationship with related diseases and treatment of juvenile HUA were summarized and reviewed， aiming to better understand and grasp the characteristics， and guide clinical diagnosis and treatment of juvenile HUA.

【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the annual growth characteristics of pond-cultured rich the basic data of culture biology so as to provide references for the artificial pond culture and breeding of Bahaba taipingensis, and further protect and use the germplasm resources of B. taipingensis.【Method】Taking the B. taipingensis juveniles artificially cultured for less than one year as research materials, the growth parameters such as body length and body mass of pond-cultured B. taipingensis juveniles were measured regularly within one year, and the annual growth characteristics of B. taipingensis juveniles were analyzed.【Result】The initial average body length and average body mass of juveniles of B. taipingensis were increased from 4.56 (±0.54) cm to 30.22 (±4.32) cm and 10.63 (±0.91) g to 1 085.73 (±328.55) g after 365 days of growth. The body length was increased by 562.16%, with an average daily growth of 0.07 cm. The specific growth rate of body length ranged from 0.08%/d to1.08%/d, and the variation coefficient of body length ranged from 7.83% to 14.31%. The body mass was increased by 10 117.06 %, with an average daily growth of 2.95g. The specific growth rate of body mass ranged from 0.68%/d to 2.77%/d and the variation coefficient of body mass ranged from 8.53% to 33.37%. The specific growth rate and variation coefficient of body mass were greater than those of body length, and the annual change of fatness ranged from 2.21% to 11.18%. The body length of B. taipingensis juvenile was shown to be correlated with body mass in a power function: m=0.3783L2.2363, (R2=0.9705, b= 2.2363 < 3), with a negative allometric growth stage. There was linear relationship between the total length (LT) and body length (L): LT =1.1918L+0.2809 (R2=0.9986). There was quadratic function between the total length (LT) and age (t): LT=-0.0002t2+0.159t+4.6652 (R2=0.9791), quadratic function between body length (L) and age (t): L=-0.0002t2+0.1294t+3.7988 (R2=0.9865), and quadratic function between body mass (m) and age (t): m=0.0076t2+0.0618t+28.915 (R2=0.9956).【Conclusion】The B. taipingensis juvenile under artificial pond-cultureconditions grow well within one year, being at negative allometric growth stage.

The incidence of hyperuricemia （HUA） has been increased year by year, showing a trend of younger onset. Juvenile HUA patients are potentially susceptible to gout and renal damage in the future, which pose significant hidden threat to the society, family and juvenile health. At present, juvenile HUA has been rarely studied at home and abroad, and unified diagnostic and treatment criteria and guidelines are still lacking. In this article, the epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, etiological factor, relationship with related diseases and treatment of juvenile HUA were summarized and reviewed, aiming to better understand and grasp the characteristics, and guide clinical diagnosis and treatment of juvenile HUA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the characteristics of adult and juvenile callers at high risk of suicide from psychological assistance hotline， to screen factors influencing the crisis intervention effect， so as to develop specific intervention programs for different age groups on psychological assistance hotline.Methods From January 2021 to June 2021， a total of 2 229 callers at high risk for suicide were recruited from Beijing psychological assistance hotline. The selected individuals were divided into adult group （n=1 344） and juvenile group （n=885）. Callers were interviewed by the hotline operators. Their general information， suicidal ideation， socio-psychological characteristics and chief complaints were recorded and compared between two groups. Before and after hotline crisis interventions， psychological distress， suicidal ideation intensity and hope level of the callers were assessed， and the improvements in the three assessed dimensions were compared between two groups. Then Logistic regression was adopted to compare the crisis intervention effects on three dimensions and their associated factors.Results Compared with adult group， juvenile group reported higher rates of family relationship problems， learning problems， history of suicide attempts and fear of assault， with statistically significant differences （χ2=55.604， 24.706， 41.944， 106.527， P<0.01）. After hotline crisis intervention， the proportion of callers with increased level of hope was larger in juvenile group than that in adult group （42.74% vs. 30.97%， χ2=26.042， P<0.01）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the chances of improvement in psychological distress for major depressive disorder （OR=0.650， 95% CI： 0.510~0.827）， the chances of improvement in the level of hope for those with substance dependents （OR=0.550， 95% CI： 0.327~0.926）， and the chances of improvement in the intensity of suicidal ideation for those with stressful life events （OR=0.565， 95% CI： 0.328~0.973） were all higher in juvenile group than those in adult group after crisis intervention. Conclusion Among the callers at high risk for suicide from psychological assistance hotline， adult callers are more concerned about extra-familial relationships， work and economic problems， while juvenile callers are more concerned about family relationship and learning problems. Furthermore， the effect of crisis intervention in juvenile callers is less affected by major depressive disorder， substance use problems and stressful life events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the annual growth characteristics of pond-cultured rich the basic data of culture biology so as to provide references for the artificial pond culture and breeding of Bahaba taipingensis, and further protect and use the germplasm resources of B. taipingensis.【Method】Taking the B. taipingensis juveniles artificially cultured for less than one year as research materials, the growth parameters such as body length and body mass of pond-cultured B. taipingensis juveniles were measured regularly within one year, and the annual growth characteristics of B. taipingensis juveniles were analyzed.【Result】The initial average body length and average body mass of juveniles of B. taipingensis were increased from 4.56 (±0.54) cm to 30.22 (±4.32) cm and 10.63 (±0.91) g to 1 085.73 (±328.55) g after 365 days of growth. The body length was increased by 562.16%, with an average daily growth of 0.07 cm. The specific growth rate of body length ranged from 0.08%/d to1.08%/d, and the variation coefficient of body length ranged from 7.83% to 14.31%. The body mass was increased by 10 117.06 %, with an average daily growth of 2.95g. The specific growth rate of body mass ranged from 0.68%/d to 2.77%/d and the variation coefficient of body mass ranged from 8.53% to 33.37%. The specific growth rate and variation coefficient of body mass were greater than those of body length, and the annual change of fatness ranged from 2.21% to 11.18%. The body length of B. taipingensis juvenile was shown to be correlated with body mass in a power function: m=0.3783L2.2363, (R² =0.9705, b= 2.2363 ＜ 3), with a negative allometric growth stage. There was linear relationship between the total length (LT ) and body length (L): LT =1.1918L+0.2809 (R² =0.9986). There was quadratic function between the total length (LT ) and age (t): LT =-0.0002t 2 +0.159t+4.6652 (R² =0.9791), quadratic function between body length (L) and age (t): L=-0.0002t 2 +0.1294t+3.7988 (R² =0.9865), and quadratic function between body mass (m) and age (t): m=0.0076t 2 +0.0618t+28.915 (R² =0.9956).【Conclusion】The B. taipingensis juvenile under artificial pond-cultureconditions grow well within one year, being at negative allometric growth stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper aimed to study the effect of f3-glucan on the growth, intestinal digestive enzyme activity and liver antioxidant capacity of juvenile Salmnn trutta. [Method] 1050 juveniles with an average body weight of ( 1. 07 ±0. 3) g were fed with different contents of f3-glucan 0,0. 1 %,0. 2 %,0. 5%,1. 0%,1. 5 % and 2. 0 % basic feeds respectively, with a test period of60 days. [Result] With the increase of f3 -glucan content, the SGR increased first and then decreased, and the SGR of 0. 5 % test group was the largest, significantly higher than that of other groups ( P < 0. 05 ) . Different f3-glucan content had a certain effect on intestinal digestive enzyme activity ;The trypsin activity of 0 test group was not s ignificantly different from 1. 5 % and 2. 0 %, which was significantly lower than that of other groups (P <0. 05) ;The Lipase activity of 0 group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P < 0. 05 ) ;The 0. 5 % amylase test group was significantly higher than the other groups ( P < 0. 05) ; f3 -glucan from 0 to 0. 5 %, GSH content, GSH-Px, SOD activity increased in order, indicating that the appropriate amount of f3 -glucan could enhance the antioxidant capacity of juvenile Salmnn trutta. [ Conclusion] In summary, the proper addition of f3-glucan to the basic feed can promote the growth of juveniles of Salmnn trutta, and improve the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestine and the antioxidant capacity of the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】 Root-knot nematodes are important pathogens causing serious yield losses in tobacco. The early stage after transplantation is especially sensitive for infection with Meloidogyne species. In order to control effectively the nematode disease, it is necessary to determine the population structure and dynamic as well as to calculate the titer of second stage juveniles(J2) over time. 【Method】 After harvest of the tobacco leaves in autumn 2013 infected plants and their rhizospere soil were sampled. The percentage of the three Meloidogyne species M. arenaria, M. javanica and M. incognita was determined by observing the perineal pattern of the female tail. Soil from the provocation field was used for lab-cultivation of young tobacco seedlings. Infection dynamic was followed from 6 thto 21 stday after transplantation of tobacco seedlings and the results were compared with the infection dynamic of the root-knot nematodes in 2014 in the original tobacco field.【Result】 Three populations of root-knot nematode species were detected in the plant root galls: M. arenaria(52.6 %), M. javanica(31.6%) and M. incognita(15.8 %). J2 in tobacco root tissue was counted from 6 thto 21 stday after transplantation in lab and field. The infected crest-time in lab test was shorter and the infection rate was higher than in the field trial.【Conclusion】 Three different Meloidogyne species were found in a nematode provocation tobacco field. The average of 8.4 J2/50 m L soil was still detected in the soil before transplanting tobacco seedlings. The infection of J2 larvae into tobacco root tissue happened very early in field trial and lab test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An industrial aquaculture experiment of Siniperca scherzeri juveniles was carried out from July to December of 2016. The results showed that, at the temperature from 16.3°C to 25.0°C, the body length of the 1000 juveniles increased to (9.50±0.43) cm from (5.44±0.97) cm, the body weight increased to (10.05± 0.95) g from (1.75±1.29) g. The survival rate was 61.3%, the discoloration rate was 51.5% and the feed coefficient was 6.3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology / Shehui is the property of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of functional treatment for disk displacement with reduction (DDWR) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). METHODS: Fifty-seven juvenile patients (78 joints) diagnosed as DDWR underwent functional treatment. MRIs were used before and after functional treatment. The disk position was judged according to the success criteria which included all sagittal planes after treatment. Those patients, whose disk of TMJ was in normal position with remarkable condylar remolding, were evaluated to be excellent. If normal disk-condyle relationship with no remarkable condylar remolding or mild disk displacement with disk-like structure of the bilaminar zone were found, the outcome was evaluated to be good. Compared with pre-treatment, if the disk position was the same or became worse, the outcome was evaluated to be poor. Cases evaluated as "excellent" and "good", were considered as successful. RESULTS: MRI for all joints confirmed that 73.08% (57/78) were excellent; 14.10% (11/78) were good, and only 12.82% (10/78) were poor. The total effective rate was 87.18% (68/78). The effective rate for anterior repositioning splint therapy was 84.09%, 87.50% for twin-block appliance, and up to 94.44% for the Herbst functional appliance. Arthroscopic surgery or open surgery was carried out for the joints which were evaluated as poor. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that functional appliance is effective in repositioning the DDWR confirmed by MRI examination, but long-time follow-up is necessary for the evaluation of its stability. Supported by Research Fund for Young College and University Teachers from Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (jdy11027). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the relationship between juvenile body mass index(BMI)/waist circumference(WC) and adult blood pressure(BP), and to further explore the mediating role of adult BMI/WC in this association., Methods: Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) from 1993 to 2015, 1313 subjects were selected, who participated in the survey both in juvenile(6-17 years old) and adult(18-35 years old). The mediating effect model was used to analyze the effect of adult BMI/WC in the association between juvenile BMI/WC and adult BP., Results: There was a positive correlation between juvenile BMI/WC and adult systolic blood pressure [β(SE)&#95;(adjusted)=0.10(0.03)/0.08(0.03)] and diastolic blood pressure [β(SE)&#95;(adjusted)=0.13(0.03)/0.08(0.03)] with P &lt;0.01. Adult BMI/WC played partial mediating effect in the association between juvenile BMI/WC and adult systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure: the percentage of mediating effect of BMI were 70.00%(95%CI 42.68%-73.33%)for SBP and 23.08%(95%CI 14.29%-26.32%) for DBP, the percentage of mediating effect of WC were 37.50%(95%CI 20.00%-41.67%)for SBP and 25.00%(95%CI 20.00%-35.71%) for DBP, respectively., Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between juvenile BMI/WC and adult BP, and adult BMI/WC might mediate the effect of juvenile BMI and WC on adult BP.

By adopting two-factor central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM), this paper studied the synergistic effects of water temperature (16-37 °C) and salinity (0-18) on the specific growth rate (SGR) and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of juvenile GIFT Oreochromis niloticus. Water temperature and salinity had significant linear and quadratic effects on the SGR (P<0. 05), respectively. With increasing water temperature or salinity, the SGR decreased after an initial increase. There existed significant synergistic effects between water temperature and salinity (P<0. 05). The SGR was higher at 16-20°Cand salinity 9-10, at 27-32 °Cand salinity 3-5, and at 35-37 °C and in freshwater. The SOD and CAT activities were higher at 28-30 °C and salinity 6-8. The linear of temperature and quadratic of salinity had significant effects on the two enzymes (P<0. 05), and there was a significant synergis-tic effect on CAT activity. High temperature and high salinity were not favorable to the expression of SOD and CAT activities. The coefficients of determination of quadratic regression equations for SGR, SOD and CAT activities reached to 0. 954, 0. 831, and 0. 942 (P<0. 05), respectively, and could be used for prediction. The growth and antioxidant enzyme activities were more affected by water temperature than by water salinity. In the culture practice of O. niloticus, it would be necessary to optimize culture environment and reduce oxidative stress to promote the growth and diseaseresistance of the tilapia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 6x3 factorial laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effects of acid and alkaline stress (pH 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0) on the oxygen consumption rate (OR), ammonia excretion rate (NR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Na+-K+ adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+ ATPase) activities of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles with body mass 1.02, 5.13, and 10.31 g. With increasing pH, the juveniles OR and NR increased first, peaked at pH 7.0- 8.0, and decreased then. The OR and NR increased with increasing body mass, and their relationships fitted power equations. The linear effects of pH and body mass and the quadratic effect of pH on the OR and NR were highly significant (P<0.01), but the pH and body mass had less synergistic effect on the OR and NR (P>0.05). Regressive equations of pH and body mass with the OR and NR were established, the R2 being 0.942 and 0.936, respectively (P<0.01). Body mass had significant effects on the O:N ratio (P<0.01), whereas acid and alkaline stress could alter the energy source utilization patterns of the juveniles. High pH was not favorable to the LDH activity, but favorable to the Na+-K+ ATPase activity. The pH had linear and quadratic effects on the LDH and Na+-K+ ATPase activities (P<0. 01), body mass had no significant effect on the Na+-K+ATPase activity, and the pH and body mass had no synergistic effect on the two enzyme activities (P>0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A laboratory test was conducted to study the effects of different sea water temperature (17 grads) and salinity (19 grads) on the growth and survival of juvenile Meretrix meretrix. The suitable and optimum sea water salinities for the survival of juvenile M. meretrix were 6.5-39.5 and 9.0-31.0, and those for the juvenile growth were 7.3-38.7 and 15.0-23.0, respectively. The suitable sea water temperature for the survival of the juveniles was 4.0° C-36.1° C; the suitable temperature for the growth was 7.0° C-35.4° C, more suitable temperature was 17° C-33.5° C, and the optimum growth temperature was 24° C-27° C. Juvenile M. meretrix had stronger adaptability to high sea water temperature and low sea water salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of local combined with systemic glucocorticoid injection on young and middle-aged patients with severe and profound hearing loss. Method: Ninety-three cases of young and middle-aged patients with severe and profound hearing loss admitted to our hospital from May 2013 to May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the different treatment. Forty-six cases in control group were treated with systemic injection of glucocorticoids.Forty-seven cases in observation group were treated with local administration combined with systemic glucocorticoid therapy. The efficacy, changes of average hearing threshold and the incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated. Result: The total effective rate in the observation group was 68.09%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (45.65%, P <0.05).After treatment, the average hearing thresholds in the observation groups of 0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0kHz were(35.77±13.28)dB HL,(39.71±14.09)dB HL, (32.99±10.73)dB HL and (30.17±9.29)dB HL respectively,which were significantly higher than that in the control group(26.30±14.03)dB HL,(25.14±13.28)dB HL,(20.54±9.27)dB HL,and (20.98±8.71)dB HL( P <0.05).Among all the patients received systemic injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection,there was no other complications were found except for one patient whose blood pressure instability was relieved after treatment stopping. In the observation group, intratympanic methylprednisolone sodium succinate did not cause serious complications such as tympanic cavity infection and perforation of the tympanic membrane on the basis of systemic injection.While in the observation group,one case complained of earache and one case complained of a slight burning sensation in the ear, and both of them eased after rest. Conclusion: Local combined with systemic glucocorticoid treatment of young and middle-aged patients with severe and profound hearing loss can significantly improve the efficiency and increase the average hearing threshold changes at 0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 kHz,and there was no serious adverse reactions., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)