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The effect of bran on rheological property of wheat flour was researched. The national trial strong gluten variety Jinmai 92 was used as raw material to grind flour.The bran addition were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% with pure flour as negative control group and pure bran as positive control group.The rheological properties were determined by electronic farinograph, electronic extensograph and automatic bubblerin accordance with GB/T 14614-2006, GB/T 14615-2006 and GB/T 14614.4-2005. The results showed thatalong with the bran addition changed from 30% to 5%, the sedimentation value, farinograph stabilizing time and extensograph energy increased gradually, the maximum bubble pressure and Dmax gradually decreased, and blowing curve length, bubble inflation index and bubble deformation energy decreased at first then upward, the ratio of stretch ratio and bubble curve increased first and then decreased. As the bran addition was 5%~25%, the dough strength hreached the level of medium or moderately strong which can be used to make noodles or steamed bread.

Time synchronization technology, as one of the core technologies for wireless microseismic sensor networks. is crucial for the coordinated operation of the network. This paper first studies the principles of time synchronization in wireless sensor networks and the factors affecting synchronization accuracy. Secondly. it explores the implementation methods of classic wireless time synchronization protocols. Next. it simulates and compares the synchronization accuracy of the Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks (TPSN) and the Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol(FTSP) . Then, addressing the shortcomings of the FTSP protocol, an improved G-FTSP protocol is proposed, which can effectively enhance the time synchronization accuracy of wireless sensor networks. Finally, the paper estimates the microseismic source localization errors caused by time synchronization errors, verifying that the G-FTSP protocol meets practical production requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microseismic monitoring technology is an important ground pressure monitoring method to ensure the safety, efficiency, and sustainable development of mines. The data obtained by microseismic sensors are easily affected by broadband non-stationary noises, resulting in a lack of available high-SNR data for microseismic analysis. This paper introduces a new spectral analysis method-synchrosqueezed wavelet transform, which provides a method for decomposing data into both time and frequency domains and has higher time-frequency resolution than wavelet transform. It can more clearly display the microseismic waveform in the time-frequency spectrum. Meanwhile, this paper compares the impact of the Morlet wavelet basis and Bump wavelet basis on microseismic waveforms and verified the relative reliability of the Morlet wavelet basis through on-site microseismic monitoring waveforms. The hard threshold filtering method based on noise level is used here to verify that the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform based on the Morlet wavelet basis has great practical value in extracting microseismic signals from raw data, and can effectively improve the SNR of the signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anthracite and Lewis acid catalyst CuCl2 were mixed evenly and placed under the alternating action of microwave field and solid state shear field for solid state reaction. The microwave field made the internal temperature of the coal reach the reaction temperature of the coal-based graphenization and the Lewis acid catalyst made the alkyl removal reaction of the coal molecules under high temperature environment. Direct graphenization of the Taixi anthracite was achieved by strong shear force field and repeated pulverizing and exfoliating provided by the solid state mechanochemical reactor, and then the nanocomposites of coal-based graphene (CB–GE) and natural rubber (NR) were realized in solid state shear milling, and the CB–GE/NR nanocomposites were successfully prepared. The structure and properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by proximate analysis, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results show that under the combined action of copper chloride catalysis, solid state shear milling and microwave irradiation, the grinding, stripping, deoxidation, dehydrocarb, dehydrogenation and aromatic condensed rings of the Taixi anthracite can be realized and then developed to the direction of graphenization. Finally, the "coal base graphene (CB–GE)" with 2D morphology of 3.5 nm thickness can be obtained. When the mass fraction of CB–GE is 20%, the tensile strength, elongation at break and electrical conductivity of the CB–GE/NR nanocomposites respectively reach 22.36 MPa, 278.8% and 9.8×10−4 S/cm. Compared with the natural rubber material, they are increased by 314.1%, 40.52% and 9 orders of magnitude, respectively. When the mass fraction of CB–GE is 4%, the antistatic requirements can be reached. The results show that the prepared CB–GE can enhance the natural rubber and carry out electrostatic functionalization. There is almost no waste generated in the process of graphenization of anthracite by copper chloride catalyzation-solid state shear force-microwave field, which can improve the economy of preparing coal-based graphene composites. At the same time, the solid-state mechanochemical compounding technology can realize nano dispersion and direct composite of graphenized anthracite in different polymer matrix materials, and can obtain oriented CB–GE/polymer nanocomposites.

SiO2/g-C3N4 composite aerogel material with high specific surface area and porous structure was prepared by direct ink writing 3D printing. The micro morphology and porous structure of the material were characterized，and its adsorption and catalytic degradation properties for high concentration Rhodamine B（RhB） in wastewater were tested. The research results showed that the 3D-printed SiO2 aerogel has a specific surface area of 482.1 m2/g，a nano porous structure with a pore volume of 1.195 cm3/g，and a good adsorption performance for RhB. The porous structure of SiO2/g-C3N4 composite aerogel prepared by modifying with g-C3N4 had little change and maintained high adsorption performance，and the removal rate of RhB（100 mg/L） by 3D-printed composite under UV could reach more than 99%. After five cycles of testing，the removal rate of RhB by SiO2/g-C3N4 composite aerogel was still 92.98%，compared with 55.75% for 3D-printed SiO2 aerogel. According to the mechanism analysis，g-C3N4 in the composite could absorb light energy and generate photogenerated electron-hole pairs ，the electron-hole pairs could react with H2O and O2 to produce oxidizing active substances superoxide radicals，and finally participated in the photocatalytic oxidation and reduction reaction to catalyze the degradation of RhB macromolecules. The high specific surface area of the 3D printing structure realized the large reaction contact area between the catalyst and RhB，and improved the photocatalytic degradation efficiency and cycle stability of the composite.

Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace—Part 1: Chemical hazardous agents (GBZ 2.1—2019) has been implemented since April 1, 2020. The document redefines the evaluation of occupational exposure by introducing a "reduction factor" to adjust the occupational exposure limits of chemical hazardous agents for long working hour systems to ensure a protection level reasonable for the workers and equivalent to conventional occupational exposure limits. This paper discussed common problems encountered in the context of using this adjustment strategy, such as the adjustment being unable to cover all working hours, and the adjustment of values of terms associated with occupational exposure limits. Corresponding solutions were proposed. Working cycle and average exposure time of each working cycle were introduced to evaluate the actual working hours of workers. Regarding involved terms, adjustments of their corresponding values were clarified according to their definitions and application scenarios. Examples were provided for occupational health service providers so that their occupational health practices could be carried out in a more scientific and reasonable manner.

Compared with full-bridge modular multilevel converter (MMC), the hybrid MMC composed of half bridge sub-module and full bridge sub-module has the low cost and high DC fault ride-through capability. The DC fault transient analysis is the basis of device selection and proportioning design of hybrid MMC. In order to analyze the transient characteristics of hybrid MMC after DC side fault, the equivalent fault models of DC pole-pole short circuit during the non-blocking DC fault ride-through in rated operation and step-down operation are established. The dynamic switching process of each bridge arm sub-module of hybrid MMC during DC fault ride-through is analyzed. The transient process before the switching of the non-blocking DC fault ride-through control strategy is equivalent to the uncontrollable sub-module capacitor discharge process, while the transient process after switching the control strategy is equivalent to the current limiting process with the initial energy storage of the inductor and the reverse voltage source. The analytical calculation method of the short-circuit current on the DC side of hybrid MMC is also given in this paper. Finally, the effectiveness of the model and calculation method proposed in this paper is verified by the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform, which can provide a reference for the optimal design of hybrid MMC.

BackgroundDuring the data acquisition of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopic diagnostic system in experimental advanced superconducting Tokamak (EAST), significant amounts of one-pixel noises are consistently observed. This is attributed to the influence of hard X-ray on the charge coupling device (CCD) detector.PurposeThis study aims to detect and denoise spectral images in the EUV spectral image processing system based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA).MethodsFirst of all, based on limiting filtering algorithm, spectral image processing was optimized by replacing fixed limiting thresholds and sample deviations using parameters such as standard deviation and deviation from the mean, and Andor Solis software to was applied to converting the SIF format spectra to BMP format spectral images. Then, data discrimination method was combined with limiting filtering algorithm to process spectral image data in stages according to the setting working area of the algorithm. Finally, a simulation test module was designed to process the video data converted from EUV spectral images in AX7Z100 ZYNQ FPGA platform, simulating the actual acquisition process for functional testing of the system. To assess the system's capacity to protect effective spectral data, the image data was transferred to one-dimensional spectral data for comparative analysis.ResultsBased on the experimental results, the EUV spectral image processing system of this study can effectively eliminate noise data points in the spectral image while essentially maintaining the integrity of the spectral data.ConclusionsThis study enhances the processing of the spectral data and provides a new technological path for EUV spectral image processing.

BackgroundStudying the transport behavior of impurities in plasma and developing effective impurity control methods are important for achieving high-performance plasma discharge and ensuring the safe operation of the device.PurposeThis study aims to design a control system for the experimental advanced superconducting Tokamak (EAST) laser blow-off (LBO) impurity system.MethodsA new automatic control process was adopted to enable to inject tracer particles of different elements into the EAST plasma repeatedly, quantitatively, and controllably. An accurate control of the focusing lens displacement and laser triggering time were achieved through the STM32 microcontroller system and its output PWM waves for stepper motor driving, hence the diameter of the laser spot was adjustable to change the amount of impurities injected. Finally, the designed control system for LBO was tested in staging environment to verify its practicability and accuracy.ResultsThe test results show that the system can rapidly detect the external trigger signal and achieve precise timing, with less than 0.4 mm position error for laser spot focusing.ConclusionsThe design of control system meets the requirements of the laser blowing impurity injection experiment. This study is of considerable significance for research on EAST plasma impurity transport.

Objective To study the efficacy of DZ1462, a novel sodium-phosphate transporter inhibitor, on rat hyperphosphatemia models established by 5/6 nephrectomy.Methods Totally 156 rats were randomly selected into four groups. Rats fed a normal diet were control group, named as group Ⅰ (n=6); rats fed a normal diet after 5/6 nephrectomy were named as group Ⅱ (n=60); rats fed a high phosphate diet after 5/6 nephrectomy were named as group Ⅲ (n=60); rats fed a high phosphate diet after sham surgery were named as group Ⅳ (n=30). The molding cycle was 10 weeks. Serum Pi was detected and the number of animal deaths was recorded every two weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the change in kidney pathology, and to screen animal models with high phosphorus blood syndrome. Totally 18 model rats that met the inclusion criteria (all of group Ⅲ) were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: the model control group recorded as the G2 group; the DZ1462 administration group (30 mg/kg, tid, 21 d) recorded as the G3 group; the Sevelamer administration group (250 mg/kg, tid, 21 d) recorded as the G4 group. In addition, the normal control group was set as the G1 group. Serum phosphate levels were measured using a kit.Results In the 8th and 10th weeks, compared to group Ⅰ, serum phosphorus in group Ⅲ showed a significant difference (P < 0.01). The kidneys in group Ⅲ had obvious glomerular sclerosis, renal tubular atrophy, degeneration, interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification. Similarly to chronic kidney disease accompanied by hyperphosphatemia, the animal model was established successfully. At each time point, the serum phosphorus inhibition rate of the G3 group was significantly higher than that of the G4 group (P < 0.05).Conclusion DZ1462, as a novel small-molecule inhibitor of intestinal sodium and phosphorus transporter, can effectively inhibit intestinal phosphorus ion absorption in rat hyperphosphatemia model, and is expected to become a potential drug for the clinical treatment of hyperphosphatemia.

We replaced wheat flour by superfine mulberry leaf powder at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20 % and 25% to make dough and steamed bread. The effect of superfine mulberry leaf powder on farinographical properties of dough and quality of steamed bread were studied. The results showed that partial substitution of wheat flour with superfine mulberry leaf powder could improve the water absorption of dough. The dough stability showed the transformation rule of first increasingand then decreasing with the mass increasing of mulberry leaf powder. When the substitution rate exceeds 15%, the dough stability time significantly reduced and the degree of softening significantly increased. Steamed bread quality research results showed that with the increase of mulberry leaf powder level, bread specific volume declined, the height-diameter ratio firstly increased and then decreased, and the bread hardness and adhesion increased. With the addition of 15% of superfine mulberry leaf powder, mulberry leaf steamed bread showed a green color and had a higher overall sensory quality. Staling results showed that the mulberry leaf powder reduced hardening rate of steamed bread and could effectively delay the staling rate of steamed bread during storage. The above experiment showed that steamed bread with 15% superfine mulberry leaf powder had a higher overall sensory acceptance with the best quality.

The abnormal expression of clock genes is closely related to the circadian rhythm of blood pressure and to the occurrence and development of hypertension. This article summarizes the relationship between the clock gene period (PER) and the circadian rhythm of blood pressure, the influence of abnormal expression of PER in peripheral tissues and organs related to blood pressure regulation on blood pressure, and the research progress in the field of hypertension chronotherapy. The author hopes to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hypertension.

AA7204-T4 aluminum alloy plates were welded by friction stir welding(FSW), and the effect of post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the FSW joints were studied. The results show that the average grain size(AGS) and recrystallization fraction of nugget zone(NZ) are 4.7 μm and 81.9% in as-welded(AW) treatment, 4.8 μm and 82.4% under the post-weld artificial aging(AA) treatment, 5.9 μm and 86.5% under the heat treatment of solid solution followed by artificial aging(SAA), respectively. The grain structure of NZ is not obviously affected by AA treatment, and the AGS and recrystallization fraction of NZ increase by 25.5% and 5.6% under SAA treatment. The ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of the FSW joints are 296.6, 318.2, 357.4 MPa under the heat treatments of AW, AA and SAA, respectively. The improvement of the mechanical properties of FSW joints is limited by AA treatment, while that can be effectively improved by SAA treatment which leads to the welding coefficient reaching 92.0%. Additionally, the microcracks tend to generate on the "S" line under the effect of water quenching after solid solution, which would lead to the fracture location at this zone and the serious decrease of the elongation.

Objective To analyze the factors affecting postoperative first serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level at 6 weeks in patients receiving radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer. Methods The clinicopathological data were collected retrospectively from 251 patients undergoing RP for prostate cancer in our department between January, 2014 and May, 2018. According to postoperative first serum PSA levels at 6-8 weeks for assessing biochemical recurrence (with 0.2 ng/mL as the cut-off PSA level), the patients were divided into PSA < 0.2 ng/mL group and PSA≥0.2 ng/mL group, and univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors affecting first serum PSA level after RP. Results The two groups of patients with prostate cancer showed significant differences in BMI, history of preoperative electric resection, preoperative PSA level, postoperative Gleason score, pathological T staging, lymph node dissection, and the number of dissected lymph nodes (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, preoperative PSA level, postoperative Gleason score and pathological T staging were all independent risk factors affecting postoperative first serum PSA level. In the 153 patients with lymph node dissection, BMI, preoperative PSA level, postoperative Gleason score, pathological T staging, lymph node positivity and the number of positive lymph nodes differed significantly between the patients with postoperative PSA level < 0.2 ng/mL at 6 weeks and those with higher PSA levels (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative PSA level and lymph node positivity were independent risk factors that affected the postoperative first serum PSA level. Conclusion BMI, preoperative PSA level, postoperative Gleason score and pathologic T staging are all independent risk factors affecting the postoperative first serum PSA level in prostate cancer patients; In patients with lymph node dissection, preoperative PSA level and lymph node positivity are independent risk factors affecting the postoperative first serum PSA level.

Objective To investigate the expression of KIF3A in different gastric mucosal lesions and corresponding metastatic lymph nodes, and to explore its relationship with the occurrence, clinicopathologic characteristics, metastasis and prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods The expression of KIF3A was detected immunohistochemically in different gastric mucosal lesions and corresponding metastatic lymph nodes. SPSS23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Results The expression of KIF3A was higher in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues than that in corresponding adjacent tissues(P < 0.01), and it was also higher in metastatic lymph nodes than that in corresponding primary lesions(P < 0.01). The expression of KIF3A both in low- and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were significantly higher than that in chronic gastritis(P < 0.01). In addition, KIF3A expression in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma was correlated with TNM grade, lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion(P < 0.05). Patients with high expression of KIF3A had shorter overall survival and disease-free survival than those with low expression of KIF3A(P < 0.01), and patients with both cytoplasm and nuclear expression of KIF3A had shorter overall survival than those with exclusively cytoplasmic distribution(P < 0.05). COX multivariate analysis showed that high expression of KIF3A was an independent risk factor for overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma(P < 0.05). Conclusion KIF3A may be correlated with intraepithelial neoplasia of gastric mucosa. Both the up-regulation of KIF3A and nuclear expression of KIF3A may be related to poor prognosis of advanced gastric adenocarcinoma patients. KIF3A may be an independent prognostic factor for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma.

BackgroundBy injecting gaseous neon (Ne) or argon (Ar) into the divertor region, the radiative divertor operation mode has been successfully realized on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST). During the radiative divertor operation phase, the damage to divertor plates is effectively mitigated by reducing heat load from high energy particles. However, the injected excess impurity gas may penetrate the last closed flux surface and transport to the core region, causing the degradation of core plasma confinement.PurposeThis study aims to develop an evaluation method to measure the core impurity concentration for assessment the effects of injected impurity on the confinement of core plasma.MethodsThe absolute intensity of impurity radiation characteristic line was measured and calculated in combination with collisional radiation model (CR model), and different evaluation methods of impurity concentration were developed for different impurity species. The concentration of impurity tungsten (W) was evaluated by combining the radiation intensity measurement from extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy and CR model whilst the concentration of impurity Ne was assessed on the basis of measurement of effective charge number (Zeff). The impurity level in the core region was analyzed in details.ResultsMeasurement and model calculation results show that the concentration of Ne and W impurities in the core increases significantly after Ne impurity injected.ConclusionsThe evaluation method in the study is important for evaluating confinement in the core region during radiative divertor and improving plasma performance.

In recent years, the search for anti-tumor drugs with high efficiency, low toxicity and little side effects in marine organisms has attracted the attention of scholars. C-phycocyanin (C-PC) has toxic and side effects on a variety of tumor cells, which can inhibit the growth of tumor cells and promote the apoptosis of tumor cells. Phycocyanin combined with other drugs can improve its anti-tumor activity. This review discusses the therapeutic use of phycocyanin and focuses on the latest advances of phycocyanin as a promising natural anti-cancer drug.

In the unbalanced or non-linear load conditions, the ordinary three-phase three-leg inverter can not produce three-phase symmetrical voltage, based on the Simulink simulation platform, this paper presents a new closed-loop control design scheme for three-phase four-leg inverter. In this scheme, the first three arms of the inverter adopt space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM), the fourth bridge uses the current hysteresis loop modulation(CHBM) to track three-phase current signal. Compared with the traditional four-leg integrated SVPWM modulation, the control system is simple and easy to analyze. The simulation results show that compared with the ordinary inverter, the waveform of the four-leg inverter with the control scheme is smoother, which not only enhances the ability of the system with unbalanced load, but also improves the inverter system efficiency and total harmonic distortion(THD).

In view of problems of complex structure and no remote monitoring of existing monitoring and control system of mine water level, a remote monitoring and control system of mine water level based on single-chip microcomputer and LabVIEW was designed, and hardware structure, communication between PC and lower machine, software design of the system were introduced. The system uses single-chip microcomputer to monitor water level and control water pump in field，uses LabVIEW to monitor water level and store the water level in database, and realizes remote monitoring of coal mine water level.

In order to summarize the current status and evolution of surimi research in China and globally, 944 and 1 082 research paper published in the period of 2009 to 2021 were retrieved using the keywords: yumi (in Chinee) and surimi from the China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases and were test mined for the number of research papers, authors, countries, institutions and journals using CiteSpace and the online bibliometric analysis platform. Moreover, data visual analysis was carried out by plotting keyword clustering, time line and burstness maps. It was found that there has been increasing interest in surimi research. The number of surimi research papers indexed in CNKI and WOS has shown an increasing trend in the period from 2009 to 2021, and most papers were published in the top journals in the food field. China has published 441 research papers in English, ranking first in the world, accounting for 37.99% of the world’s total, followed by Thailand, the United States and Japan. The close cooperation between authors and research institutions in different regions and countries has formed an international academic community. The research content has shifted from the macroscopic field to the microscopic field, and the research hotspots have changed from processing technology and surimi quality to preservation and antifreezers. At present, “protein” “myosin” and “secondary structure” have become new keywords and the research content has reached the molecular level. The time zone analysis showed that the keywords “sensory evaluation” and “quality” span the entire research period and have become the cornerstones of surimi research. In conclusion, surimi research is still in an active stage and will have a bright future.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of the production of ethephon in the freezing thawing and fresh keeping of fresh walnut, and to provide theoretical basis and technical support for fresh walnut freezing thawing and fresh keeping technology system. Methods: The late fruiting walnut variety 'Qingxiang' from Longnan county of Gansu province was used as the experimental material, and then the green walnut was picked by hand and then peeled by Ethephon. Meanwhile, the artificial peeling was used as the control （CK）. The fresh walnut was peeled and stored in a constant temperature freezer with temperature of -7~-5 ℃ and humidity of 85%~95%, the effects of ethephon on sensory quality （seed shell color, seed coat color, seed coat browning index, peeling difficulty and seed kernel flavor）, nutritional quality （water content, total fat content） and oil quality （acid value, iodine value, peroxide value and saponification value） of fresh walnut kernel after freezing thawing were studied. Results: Under the conditions of -7~-5 ℃ frozen storage, Ethrel accelerated the browning rate of peeled fresh kernels in the early stage of frozen storage to a certain extent. After 10 months of frozen storage, the scores of shell color, shell color and kernel flavor were 73.48, 74.56 and 77.26, respectively; The kernel water content, total fat content, acid value, iodine value, peroxide value and saponification value were 22.07%, 49.74%, 0.62 mg/g, 145.31 g/100 g, 3.62 meq/kg and 169.53 mg/g, respectively. There was no significant difference compared with the artificial peeled fresh walnut, which could maintain better flavor and nutritional quality. Conclusion: Ethephon accelerated ripening and peeling had no adverse effect on the quality of fresh walnut after freezing thawing. Ethephon could be used in the pretreatment process of fresh walnut frozen storage.

A new multifunction X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer is designed and produced, which is equipped with a new operation system based on the EPR control and readout system (CRS). The new continuous-wave (cw) dual-mode resonator and the dielectric resonators for respectively the pulsed EPR and transient EPR (trEPR) are designed purposely. The adoption of CRS system improves significantly the integration and expandability. The spectrometer is equipped with cryogen-free EPR variable temperature system with a range of 6~300 K. Thereafter, three typical samples are used to demonstrate the elegant design of the spectrometer by the cw dual-mode EPR, pulsed EPR and trEPR experiments. Perspectively, this design herein will be a criterion or option of the new generation of EPR spectrometer.

Objective: To investigate the effects of occupational exposure to formaldehyde on the micronuclei frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers., Methods: Two hundred thirty six plywood workers were divided into 3 exposure groups (low, middle and high) according to internal exposure biomarker (formaldehyde human serum albumin conjugate, FA-HSA), which was detected by ELISA. The concentrations of formaldehyde (FA) in air of two workshops were measure using the high performance liquid chromatography. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test was used to detect the micronuclei frequencies of peripheral blood lymphocyte in 236 workers., Results: The average concentrations of FA in the low and high exposure workshops were 0.58 +/- 0.20 and 1.48 +/- 0.61 mg/m3, respectively, there was significant difference (P < 0.01). The average concentrations of serum FA-HAS of workers in two workshops were 69.22 +/- 15.37 and 136.29 +/- 89.49 pg/ml, respectively, there was significant difference (P < 0.01). The results of CBMN test showed that the micronucleus frequencies in low, middle and high exposure groups were 1.94 +/- 1.72, 2.10 +/- 1.92 and 2.10 +/- 1.70 per thousand, respectively, there were no significant differences between groups. However, the micronucleus frequencies in accumulative low, middle and high exposure groups were 1.36 +/- 1.36, 2.31 +/- 1.81 and 2.49 +/- 1.92 per thousand, respectively, there were significant differences between different accumulative exposure groups (P < 0.01). The results of correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between accumulative exposure levels and micronucleus frequencies (r(s) = 0.321, P < 0.01). The accumulative exposure doses may be a risk factor for high micronucleus frequencies in workers exposed to FA (P(trend) = 0.002)., Conclusion: FA-HSA levels can serve as an internal exposure biomarker for assessing the exposure level of workers exposed to FA. Accumulative formaldehyde exposure resulted in an increase of micronuclei frequencies of peripheral blood lymphocyte in plywood workers.

Objective: To investigate the synergistic effect of salvianolic acids (Sals) and tanshinones (Tans), to compare the pharmacodynamic effect of Danshen co-microemulsion, salvianolic acids microemulsion, tanshinones microemulsion, tanshinones suspension and blank microemulsion on hemorheology in rats with hyperlipidemia., Methods: Fat milk was administered to SD rats in the morning for 23 days, and drugs were given in the afternoon since the 13th day. On the 14th day, the blood viscosity, haematocrit and platelet aggregation were determined., Results: Both Tans and Sals could inhibit the platelet aggregation, and decrease the blood viscosity. The effect of Sals on the decrease of blood viscosity was much more significant than that of other groups. And Tans could significantly inhibit the platelet aggregation than others. Compared to Tans or Sals used separately, co-administration of Tans and Sals at the same time could decrease the blood viscosity and inhibit the platelet aggregation significantly., Conclusion: As a new drug carrier, the microemulsion system can increase tanshinone solubility dramatically and improve its bioavailability. And co-mecroemulsion of Tans and Sals can produce the synergy of Tans and Sals preferably and are much more efficient than either Tans microemulsion or Sals microemulsion used alone.

The excitability of nociceptive neurons increases in the intact dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after a chronic compression, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the ionic mechanisms underlying the hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons in the compressed ganglion. Chronic compression of DRG (CCD) was produced in adult rats by inserting two rods through the intervertebral foramina to compress the L4 DRG and the ipsilateral L5 DRG. After 5-7 d, DRG somata were dissociated and placed in culture for 12-18 h. In sharp electrode recording model, the lower current threshold and the depolarized membrane potential in the acutely dissociated CCD neurons were detected, indicating that hyperexcitability is intrinsic to the soma. Since voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels in the primary sensory neurons are important for the regulation of excitability, we hypothesized that CCD would alter K(+) current properties in the primary sensory neurons. We examined the effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a specific antagonist of A-type potassium channel, on the excitability of the control DRG neurons. With 4-AP in the external solution, the control DRG neurons depolarized (with discharges in some cells) and their current threshold decreased as the CCD neurons demonstrated, indicating the involvement of decreased A-type potassium current in the hyperexcitability of the injured neurons. Furthermore, the alteration of A-type potassium current in nociceptive neurons in the compressed ganglion was investigated with the whole-cell patch-clamp recording model. CCD significantly decreased A-type potassium current density in nociceptive DRG neurons. These data suggest that a reduction in A-type potassium current contributes, at least in part, to the increase in neuron excitability that may lead to the development of pain and hyperalgesia associated with CCD.

Objective: Studying forensic medical problem related with RTA leading PTSD and supplying accumulating evidence for psychiatric compensation in court., Methods: One hundred and fifty six victims of RTA were recruited who applied to court for a costs order. The victims were examined for psychiatric diagnosis by psychiatrists and for rank of impairment by experts in forensic clinical medicine. The self-report psychopathological status and quality of life were also measured., Results: Eighty one victims of 156 (51.92%) fulfilled the criteria for PTSD (ICD-10). Morbidity difference in male and female were significant; The more serious extent of impairment is, the more PTSD'possibility is; The scores in World Health Organization Quality of Life were lower and in SAS and SDS were higher in PTSD group than in non-PTSD group. Acquirement of awarded costs could obviously prevent PTSD., Conclusion: The higher PTSD incidence existed in the RTA victims who applied to court for a costs order, and acquirement of awarded costs could obviously prevent PTSD.

Objective: To study the influence of occupational exposure and smoking on lung ventilation function of coke oven workers., Methods: Environmental monitoring was performed on the top, side and bottom of some coke ovens. Lung ventilation function test was performed in 234 coke oven workers., Results: The poison concentration in environment had such tendency as it was the highest on the top, then the side, and the lowest at the bottom. The standardized forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV(1), 90.8% +/- 8.6%) and forced expiratory rate (FEV(1)%, 95.4% +/- 12.4%) of those coke oven workers who smoked were significantly lower than those non-smoking workers (100.9% +/- 14.3%, 108.9% +/- 17.6%); among those smoking workers, the partial correlation coefficients between forced vital capacity (FVC) and benzene soluble, benzopyrene, and smoking index were -0.249, -0.187 and -0.368 respectively; and the coefficients between FEV(1) and the three aspects were -0.255, -0.191 and -0.388; and the coefficients between FEV(1)% and them were -0.131, -0.107 and -0.065. Among those non-smoking workers, the coefficients between benzene solubles and FVC, FEV(1) and FEV(1)% were -0.154, -0.052 and -0.176, and between benzopyrene and them were -0.121, -0.037 and -0.159., Conclusion: The lung ventilation function of coke oven workers has certain negative correlation with both occupational exposure and smoking.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of all trans retinoid acid (ATRA) inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells., Methods: Antiproliferating effects of ATRA on Y79 cells were studied by (3)H-thymidine incorporation. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry, apoptosis of the ATRA-treated cells was determined by DNA fragmentation analysis and JNK phosphorylation analyzed by Western blot., Results: After 36h treatment of 1 micro mol/L ATRA, (3)H-thymidine incorporation decreased to 40% with Y79 cells arrested in G(0)/G(1) and Sub-G(1) peak appeared. DNA ladder was observed in DNA fragmentation analysis after 36h treatment of ATRA. Curcumin, a JNK blocker, blocked the apoptosis and the growth inhibition induced by ATRA. JNK was phosphorylated in 10 to 20 min., Conclusion: ATRA can induce the apoptosis in Y79 cells by phosphorylation of JNK, which suggests that ATRA may have clinical application prospects for treatment of retinoblastoma.