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Lymphomas are a highly heterogeneous group of tumors that are classified into several subtypes. The gold standard method for the molecular profiling of lymphoma is based on invasive lymph node or tissue biopsy. However, this method cannot accurately capture spatial tumor heterogeneity in each patient as well as systemic tumor invasion and tumor burden. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging and highly versatile biomarker that overcomes the basic limitations of imaging scanning and tissue biopsy; has the characteristics of being simple, rapid, and non-invasive; and has good specificity and high sensitivity. ctDNA testing has been applied to a variety of subtypes of lymphoma and has been used for somatic mutation genotyping, efficacy monitoring during treatment, detection of minimal residual disease, and the prediction of survival, which may help clinicians make better clinical decisions in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma patients. Furthermore, this study also aims to review the different methods of ctDNA analysis and describe the specific applications of ctDNA in different lymphoma subtypes.

Objective: To discuss the influence of artificial ankle elastic improved inserts (hereinafter referred to as "improved inserts") in reducing prosthesis micromotion and improving joint surface contact mechanics by finite element analysis., Methods: Based on the original insert of INBONE Ⅱ implant system (model A), four kinds of improved inserts were constructed by adding arc or platform type flexible layer with thickness of 1.3 or 2.6 mm, respectively. They were Flying goose type_1.3 elastic improved insert (model B), Flying goose type_2.6 elastic improved insert (model C), Platform type_1.3 elastic improved insert (model D), Platform type_2.6 elastic improved insert (model E). Then, the CT data of right ankle at neutral position of a healthy adult male volunteer was collected, and finite element models of total ankle replacement (TAR) was constructed based on model A-E prostheses by software of Mimics 19.0, Geomagic wrap 2017, Creo 6.0, Hypermesh 14.0, and Abaqus 6.14. Finally, the differences of bone-metal prosthesis interface micromotion and articular surface contact behavior between different models were investigated under ISO gait load., Results: The tibia/talus-metal prosthesis interfaces micromotion of the five TAR models gradually increased during the support phase, then gradually fell back after entering the swing phase. The improved models (models B-E) showed lower bone-metal prosthesis interface micromotion when compared with the original model (model A), but there was no significant difference among models A-E ( P >0.05). The maximum micromotion of tibia appeared at the dome of the tibial bone groove, and the ​​micromotion area was the largest in model A and the smallest in model E. The maximum micromotion of talus appeared at the posterior surface of the central bone groove, and there was no difference in the micromotion area among models A-E. The contact area of the articular surface of the insert/talus prosthesis in each group increased in the support phase and decreased in the swing phase during the gait cycle. Compared with model A, the articular surface contact area of models B-E increased, but there was no significant difference among models A-E ( P >0.05). The change trend of the maximum stress on the articular surface of the inserts/talus prosthesis was similar to that of the contact area. Only the maximum contact stress of the insert joint surface of models D and E was lower than that of model A, while the maximum contact stress of the talar prosthesis joint surface of models B-E was lower than that of model A, but there was no significant difference among models A-E ( P >0.05). The high stress area of the lateral articular surface of the improved inserts significantly reduced, and the articular surface stress distribution of the talus prosthesis was more uniform., Conclusion: Adding a flexible layer in the insert can improve the elasticity of the overall component, which is beneficial to absorb the impact force of the artificial ankle joint, thereby reducing interface micromotion and improving contact behavior. The mechanical properties of the inserts designed with the platform type and thicker flexible layer are better.

Objectives: To investigate the risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia., Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 613 cases of neonatal asphyxia treated in 20 cooperative hospitals in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from January to December 2019 as the asphyxia group, and 988 randomly selected non-asphyxia neonates born and admitted to the neonatology department of these hospitals during the same period as the control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for neonatal asphyxia. R software (4.2.2) was used to establish a nomogram model. Receiver operator characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, respectively., Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that minority (Tujia), male sex, premature birth, congenital malformations, abnormal fetal position, intrauterine distress, maternal occupation as a farmer, education level below high school, fewer than 9 prenatal check-ups, threatened abortion, abnormal umbilical cord, abnormal amniotic fluid, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, emergency caesarean section, and assisted delivery were independent risk factors for neonatal asphyxia ( P <0.05). The area under the curve of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia based on these risk factors was 0.748 (95% CI : 0.723-0.772). The calibration curve indicated high accuracy of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia. The decision curve analysis showed that the model could provide a higher net benefit for neonates at risk of asphyxia., Conclusions: The risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture are multifactorial, and the nomogram model based on these factors has good value in predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, which can help clinicians identify neonates at high risk of asphyxia early, and reduce the incidence of neonatal asphyxia.

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the major microvascular disease in diabetic patients,and it is also one of the main blinding eye diseases in the current population.The typical pathological change of DR in the eyes is vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-mediated neovascularization induced by retinal ischemic stimulation.Therefore,anti-VEGF drugs have gradually become one of the mainstream methods to treat DR and DR-induced diseases such as diabetic macular edema.Recent studies have proved that anti-VEGF drugs have certain effects on ocular blood vessels and blood flow in patients with DR,while the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated.This article summarizes the research progress on the effects of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs on the ocular blood vessels and blood flow in patients with DR.

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of sirolimus combined with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) in the treatment of glucocorticoid resistant/dependent extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) . Methods: A total of 27 patients with steroid-resistant/steroid-dependent extensive cGVHD from November 2015 to January 2019 were enrolled and given sirolimus capsules combined with cyclosporine or tacrolimus to observe the clinical efficacy and adverse events. Results: The median duration of medication was 14.2 months and the mean duration was 16.7 months. The median follow-up time was 20.1 months (12.9-46.1 months) . Following the 6-month follow-up, 3 cases achieved complete response (CR) and 12 cases partial response (PR) . The overall response rate (ORR) was 55.6% ; for progression-free survival (PFS) , PFS-6 reached 88.9% (24/27) , and for overall survival (OS) , OS-6 was 100% . At the 1-year follow-up, there were 5 cases of CR and 11 cases of PR, ORR was 59.3% , PFS-12 reached 62.9% (17/27) , and OS-12 was 100% . The subgroup analysis found that the program was more effective for cGVHD in male donors and the target organ analysis had an advantage in the treatment of oral cavity, skin, and liver rejection. Adverse events were observed: hyperlipidemia 11.1% , oral ulcer 7.4% , fungal infection 11.1% , liver injury 3.7% , renal insufficiency 0, and no new CMV and EB viremia. Conclusion: Sirolimus combined with calcineurin inhibitors is effective in treating steroid-resistant/steroid-dependent extensive cGVHD, especially because adverse reactions (renal toxicity, CMV, EBV infection) are low in number, which is suitable for long-term treatment of cGVHD.

Myasthenia gravis(MG)is a B cell-mediated,T cell-dependent,complements-involved autoimmune disease.Ocular myasthenia gravis(OMG)is a typical MG,with its symptoms limited to the extraocular muscles.The occurrence and development of a variety of autoimmune diseases including OMG are closely associated with the imbalanced expression of follicular regulatory T cells(Tfr cells).Therefore,Tfr cells may be a new research topic for OMG.

Objective: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major long-term complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . It is important to study the changes of serum biomarkers expression in patients for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The expression levels of five serum protein markers (IL-1b, IL-16, CXCL9, CCL19, CCL17) in patients with or without cGVHD after allo-HSCT were detected by liquid suspension microarray. Results: Compared with the control group without cGVHD, the expression levels of CXCL9 and CCL17 in serum of patients with cGVHD were significantly increased ( P <0.05) . CCL17 was correlated with the severity of cGVHD ( P <0.001) . CXCL9 was significantly increased in the serum of patients with skin lesion ( P <0.01) , and CCL17 was significantly expressed in cGVHD patients with liver as the target organ ( P <0.01) . Conclusion: The combination of CXCL9 and CCL17 can be used as serum biomarkers of cGVHD, which has certain reference value in assisting the diagnosis and evaluation of cGVHD severity.

Ocular myasthenia gravis(OMG)is an autoimmune disease caused by neuromuscular junction transmission disorders and manifested mainly as fluctuating blepharoptosis and diplopia,with the extraocular muscles as the main involveed sites.While the pathogenesis of OMG remains unclear,some antibodies,complements,and cytokines may be the contributing factors.The diagnosis and treatment of OMG have been defined in recent years.This article reviews the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of OMG.

Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a pathological neovascularization with fibrotic changes in the fundus of premature infants.It is a major cause of preventable blindness in children in both developing and developed countries.Treatment of ROP has long been a hot research topic in ophthalmology and pediatrics.With a clearer knowledge of the pathogenesis of ROP,more basic and clinical studies have been carried out.The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and surgical treatment have become mature strategies,and a variety of therapeutic drugs including insulin-like growth factor-1,transforming growth factor-β,polyunsaturated fatty acids,and β-adrenergic receptor blockers have been developed.This article reviews the recent advances in ROP.

Objective To analyze the levels of cytokines (IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-6,IL-10) associated with Th1 and Th2 cells in HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice model of ocular experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (oEAMG) induced by recombinant H-AChR γ subunit immunization.Methods DQ8 mice were immunized with 20 μg of AChR γ subunit,20 μg of crude E. coli extract (E. coli group),or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) only (CFA group). All mice were immunized on days 0,30,and 60. Mice were euthanized 28 days after the third immunization,and draining lymph node cells (LNC) and spleen lymphocytes were cultured in vitro. The supernatant was collected to observe the interleukin(IL)-2,interferon(IFN)-γ,IL-6,IL-10 production by ELISA.Results LNCs and spleen lymphocytes of H-AChR γ subunit-immunized mice exhibited significantly enhanced IFN-γ (F=76.332,P<0.001;F=34.865,P<0.001) and IL-2 (F=42.835,P<0.001;F=38.030,P<0.001),which associated with Th1 cells,as compared to E. coli group and CFA group. There were no significant differences in IL-6 (F=1.325,P=0.284;F=1.935,P=0.166) and IL-10 (F=0.908,P=0.417;F=1.189,P=0.322) levels,which secreted by Th2 cells,among these three groups.Conclusion Th1 cytokines play key roles in the pathogenesis of oEAMG,while the mechanism of Th2 cytokines for oEAMG remains unclear.

Objective: To analyze the correlation of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] with the clinical stability and severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)., Methods: A total of 531 patients undergoing coronary angiography in Nanfang Hospital between January, 2013 and December, 2016 were enrolled in this study. At the cutoff Lp(a) concentration of 300 mg/L, the patients were divided into high Lp(a) group ( n =191) and low Lp(a) group ( n =340). In each group, the patients with an established diagnosis of CAD based on coronary angiography findings were further divided into stable angina pectoris (SAP) group and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group. The correlation between the severity of coronary artery stenosis and Lp(a) was evaluated., Results: The patients in high and low Lp(a) groups showed no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, or diabetes ( P &gt;0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, gender, and serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Lp(a) were independent risk factors for CAD in these patients. A high Lp(a) level was associated with an increased risk of CAD (OR=2.443, 95%CI: 1.205-4.951, P =0.013). The patients with a high Lp(a) level were at a significantly higher risk of CAD than those with a low Lp(a) level irrespective of a low or high level of LDL-C ( P =0.006 and 0.020). In the patients with CAD, the ACS group had a significantly higher Lp(a) level than the SAP group ( P &lt; 0.001); the proportion of the patients with high Gensini scores was significantly greater in high Lp(a) group than in low Lp(a) group (17.3% vs 5.6%, P =0.026), and a linear relationship was found between Lp(a) level and Gensini score (R=0.130, P =0.006)., Conclusions: Serum level of Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for CAD, and an increased Lp(a) is the residual risk for CAD. In patients with CAD, a high Lp(a) level is associated with the clinical instability and severity of coronary artery stenosis.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of breast lymphoma in core needle biopsy. Methods: Seventy-two cases of breast lymphoma in core needle biopsy between 2011 and 2016 were extracted from the pathology database of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. The clinicopathologic features were analyzed. The histological diagnosis of the tumors was based on the WHO classifications of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Immunohistochemistry and molecular methods were performed to detect related antigens and genes. Results: Seventy-one patients were female and one was male. The median age was 54 years. The tumors were located in the right breast in 32 (44.4%) patients and in the left breast in 40 (55.6%) patients. Seven patients had a previous history of lymphoma. Most of the cases presented as a single and painless breast mass. Sixty-three patients received systemic treatment, and nine patients received systemic therapy after excision. The common morphological feature was that single tumor cells infiltrated the stroma, without cohesiveness between tumor cells, and lacking glandular or nested epithelioid structures. The normal ductal and lobular structures of the mammary gland were typically preserved. The tumor cells in some cases were distributed in single rows, and should be differentiated from invasive carcinoma. All cases were positive for LCA, negative for CK. Sixty-eight cases were classified as B-cell lymphoma, including 63 cases (87.5%) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; including 3 cases of EBV-positive DLBCL and 60 cases of DLBCL, NOS), two cases of Burkitt lymphoma, one case of mantle cell lymphoma, one case of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and one case of precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. The remaining cases included two peripheral T-cell lymphoma (NOS), one extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type and one myeloid sarcoma. In 63 cases of DLBCL, 22 cases (34.9%) expressed germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) phenotype and 41 cases (65.1%) showed non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) phenotype. Conclusions: Core needle biopsy could be the preferred method for diagnosis of breast lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common histologic type of breast lymphoma, and non-GCB subtype is more frequent than GCB subtype.

Objective To develop an optimal inflammatory cell model from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated phorbol ester (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 cells, and investigate its response to anti-inflammatory agent phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram. Methods THP-1 cells were differentiated by PMA and stimulated by LPS to release inflammatory factors in cell supernatants, like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which were detected by ELISA. The doses and durations of both PMA and LPS treatment were optimized to develop the inflammatory cell model. Rolipram was added along with LPS after PMA differentiation to assess the response of cells to the anti-inflammatory agent. Results THP-1 cells showed no significant differences in cell morphology between PMA treatment for 24 hours and for 48 hours, but significantly high levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were released under LPS treatment. TNF-α level increased significantly after the differentiation by PMA at 100 ng/mL in comparison with that at 50 ng/mL, and it increased in a LPS dose-depended manner untill a plateau at 0.2 μg/mL LPS; the secretion level of IL-6 increased remarkably when THP-1 cells were induced by PMA at 100 ng/mL and stimulated by LPS≥1 μg/mL. The inflammatory cell model made using PMA at 100 ng/mL and LPS at 0.5 μg/mL was more sensitive to the anti-inflammatory agent rolipram, compared with that by 0.1 μg/mL LPS. Conclusion PMA at 100 ng/mL was selected for the differentiation of THP-1 cells with the enhanced responsiveness to LPS stimulation; THP-1 cells by the induction of PMA at 100 ng/mL coupled with the stimulation of LPS at no less than 0.2 μg/mL was an optimal inflammatory cell model for significant secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, which was sensitive to the action of anti-inflammatory agents.

Objective: To investigate the effect of RbAp48 knockdown on the migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells and explore the mechanism., Methods: A small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down the expression of RbAp48 in MS751 cells. The changes in cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively, and the expressions of RbAp48, vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Snail, Twist, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were determined with Western blotting., Results: After siRNA-mediated RbAp48 knockdown, MS751 cells showed a significantly reduced expression of RbAp48 with significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion (P<0.01). RbAp48 knockdown induced obvious down-regulation of the expressions of interstitial cell phenotype proteins vimentin, N-cadherin, and MMP-2 and up-regulation of epithelial cell phenotype proteins E-cadherin and TIMP-2, suggesting the inhibition of epithelial- mesenchymal transition of the cells. The expressions of Snail and Twist were significantly down-regulated in the cells following RbAp48 knockdown., Conclusion: Knockdown of RbAp48 can significantly inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppress the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cell line MS751, the mechanism of which may involve the down-regulation of Snail and Twist expressions.

Objective: To explore the inhibitory effect of curcumin on proliferation of CD34(+) acute myeloid leukemia cells and its mechamism., Methods: KG1a and Kasumi-1cell lines were treated with curcumin of different concentrations (0, 40, 60, 80 µmol/L). The effect of curcumin on cell viability and proliferation was detected by trypan blue staining and cell count. The effect of curcumin on distribution of NF-κB P65 subunit was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot., Results: The curcumin inhibited proliferation of KG1a and Kasumi-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting showed that curcumin led to significant down-regulation of NF-κB P65 nuclear protein expression. Immunofluorescence assay showed that treatment with 40 µmol/L of curcumin for 48h suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in KG1a and Kasumi-1 cells., Conclusion: The curcumin suppresses cell growth of KG1a and Kasumi-1 cells, its mechanism may be related to inhibitory effect of curcumin on NF-κB p65 nucleus protein.

Objective: To analyze related behaviors of individual preparedness and influencing factors on violent terrorist attacks among undergraduates., Methods: A total of 1 800 undergraduates from 5 colleges or universities in Guangzhou were selected, using the stratified cluster method. A questionnaire involving the response to violent terrorist attack behavior was used to assess the individual preparedness behaviors among undergraduates. A self-made questionnaire was applied to collect information on demographic factors, cognitive and preparedness behaviors., Results: The mean score of individual preparedness behavior among undergraduates was 13.49 ± 5.02 while information on seeking behavior was 4.27 ± 1.64, avoidance behavior was 5.97 ± 2.16 and violent terrorist attack response behaviors was 23.73 ± 7.21, with 30.0 percent of undergraduates behaved properly. Significant differences were found in the scores of behaviors on the response to violent terrorist attack with different gender, major they pursue or religious belief (P < 0.05), among undergraduates involved in this study. Results from the logistic regression analysis revealed that persons being girls (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06-2.01), with bigger perceived probability (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12-2.30), with higher alertness (OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 2.15-6.61), with stronger coping confidence (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.24-0.48) and bigger affective response (OR1 = 3.42, 95% CI: 2.40-4.86; OR2 = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13-0.41), would present more prominent behavior responses when facing the violent terrorist attack., Conclusion: Individual response behaviors to violent terrorist attacks among undergraduates were relatively ideal. Perceived probability, alertness, coping confidence and affective response appeared to be independent influencing factors related to response behaviors against violent terrorist attack. In colleges and universities, awareness on violent terrorist attacks should be strengthened among undergraduates. Focus should target on psychological education dealing with disaster, knowledge and skills needed for emergency response, so as to respond to the emergency on campus.

Objective: To explore the correlation between serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level and hepatic tissue pathological staging in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)., Methods: Clinical data was collected from our hospital's records for 302 CHB patients with HBsAg-positive status for more than 6 months and who had undergone hepatic biopsy. The HBsAg level,HBV DNA level and other clinical data were measured using commercial diagnostic assays. Liver histology was scored using the GS staging system. Correlation between serum HBsAg quantity, HBV DNA quantity, stage of inflammation and degree of fibrosis was assessed statistically., Results: The correlation of serum HBsAg level and HBV DNA level was notable. The serum HBsAg level was a variable affecting hepatic tissue pathological stage significantly. Serum HBsAg level appeared to be a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic marker of hepatic fibrosis. As the severity of liver fibrosis increased, the quantitative levels of platelet (PLT), HBsAg and HBV DNA gradually decreased, and the APRI index gradually increased; there were significant differences between the groups (all P<0.001). Serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive (HBeAg(+)) status showed strong correlation (r=0.721, P<0.0001) by Spearman analysis. HBeAg(+) patients with moderate to severe fibrosis (S2-4) exhibited significantly lower serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels compared with patients with no or mild fibrosis (S0-1; t=5.475 and 4.826, P<0.001). ROC analysis suggested that a serum HBsAg cutoff of 4.46 log 10 IU/mL (28 800 IU/mL) would provide a theoretical sensitivity of 76.3%, with theoretical specificity of 70.5% in HBeAg(+) CHB patients. A serum HBV DNA cutoff of 7.13 log 10 IU/mL (1.35*10(7) copies/mL) would provide a theoretical sensitivity of 71.1%, with theoretical specificity of 73.4% in HBeAg(+) CHB patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of HBsAg was an independent prognostic factor of moderate to severe liver fibrosis, with alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, HBsAg, HBV DNA and PLT (P<0.001)., Conclusion: HBsAg and HBV DNA levels decrease gradually along with aggravation of liver fibrosis. The cutoff values of 28800 IU/mL for HBsAg and 1.35*10(7) copies/mL ofHBV DNA provide higher specificity and sensitivity for predicting the degree of liver fibrosis in HBeAg-positive CHB patients, and the former is an independent predictor of severe liver fibrosis.

Objective: To investigate the expression of EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT) associated markers (E-cadherin and fibronectin) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its clinical significance., Method: The expression of LMP2A, E-cad-herin and fibronectin proteins in 32 cases of chronic nasopharyngeal inflammation, 56 cases of NPC and 18 cases of NPC lymph node metastasis were examined byimmunohistochemical SP method., Result: (1)The positive rates of LMP2A in NPC and its lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those of chronic nasopharyngeal inflammation (89. 3%vs 37. 5%o and 77. 8% vs 37. 5%) respectively (both P<0. 01); The normal expression rates of E-cadherin in NPC and its lymph node metastasis were significantly lower than those of chronic nasopharyngeal inflammation (33. 9% vs 90. 6% and 5. 6% vs 90. 6%) respectively (both P<0. 01); The positive rates of fibronectin in NPC and its lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those of chronic nasopharyngeal inflammation (83. 9% vs 28. 1% and 72. 2% vs 28. 1%) respectively (both P<0. 01). (2) ZLMP2A expression were negatively correlated with normal expression of E-cadherin (r= -0. 387, P<0. 01), and were positively correlated with fibronectin (r= 0. 421, P<0. 01). (3)LMP2A, E-cadherin and fibronectin expression were significantly correlated with N stage and clinical stage (both P<0. 05), but the three proteins were not significantly correlated with M stage (both P> 0. 05). In addition, LMP2A and E-cadherin expression were significantly correlated with T stage (both P<0. 01)., Conclusion: LMP2A and fibronectin expressions were increased in NPC, but normal expression of E-cadherin were decreased. LMP2A may promote lymph node metastasis and malignant progression of NPC by induce EMT through downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of fibronectin.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical feasibility of uterine autologous transplantation in female cynomolgus monkeys and explore the effect of microsurgical technique., Methods: From May 2011 to March 2014, 6 female cynomolgus monkeys, aged 7 to 12 years, were randomly divided into 2 surgical groups. In group A, gross surgeries were performed with naked eyes. In group B, uterine re-transplantation was performed under 10-time-magnifying microscopy. Anatomical data and operative durations were recorded and analyzed. Viable uterine tissue and vascular patency were observed on trans-abdominal ultrasonography and second-look laparotomy after 3 months., Results: The average uterus retrieval time, average vascular anastomotic time, average perfusion time and average total operative time of group B were 88.7, 147.3 and 320.0 min versus 123.7, 180.7 and 393.7 min in group A. The average perfusion durations were 35.0 and 27.3 min. And there was no inter-group difference. A total of 12 successful vascular procedures (including 6 internal iliac arteries and 6 uterine-ovary veins) of vascular anastomosis were recorded in group B versus 4 cases (including 1 artery and 3 veins) in group A (vein, P > 0.05; artery, P < 0.05). In group A, there was only 1 successful operation but uterus turned necrotic after 4 weeks. In group B, the surgical success rate was 100%. However one animal died due to intestinal obstruction. And in another 2 animals, viable uterine tissue and vascular patency were observed on trans-abdominal ultrasonography and second-look laparotomy. Two survivors resumed cyclicity at days 17 and 50 respectively as a sign of re-established uterine function., Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the feasibility of uterus transplantation by vascular anastomosis in cynomolgus monkeys. And assistance of microsurgical technique can significantly improve the success rate of arterial anastomosis during uterus transplantation.

Objective: To investigate the mutation and background of SLC22A5 in 6 patients with primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) who only presented as cardiomyopathy., Method: Genomic DNA were abstracted from the blood of the patients and their parents. Using high-throughput sequencing to determine the mutation site.Using Sanger method to confirm the mutated alleles in PCD patients and detect the corresponding sequences in their patients. Using SIFT and PolyPhen to predict the function of protein for detected missense mutations., Result: Three different mutations were identified, including 2 nonsense mutations (R254X and R289X), 1 missense mutation (C113Y), R254X was the most frequently seen mutation. Four patients had compound heterozygous mutations and 2 patients had homozygous mutations. Their parents were found to have heterozygous mutations in corresponding alleles., Conclusion: R254X, R289X and C113Y might be associated with primary carnitine deficiency.

Objective: To compare clinicopathological characteristics of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with or without sudden coronary death (SCD) ., Methods: A total of 145 autopsy cases with CAD were divided into SCD group (38 cases) and non-SCD group (107 cases). The difference on age, number of diseased coronary vessel, coronary atherosclerotic stage (fatty streak stage, fibrous plaque stage and atheromatous plaque stage), composite lesions of coronary artery, grade of stenosis severity, acute myocardial infarction, old myocardial infarction, hypertensive cardiomyopathy, myocardial fatty infiltration and arteriosclerosis of the arteries on the base of the brain were compared between SCD group and non-SCD group., Results: (1) Patients were older in SCD group than in non-SCD group [ (55.3 ± 14.5) years vs. (48.5 ± 13.3) years, P < 0.01]. (2) There was a significant positive correlation between coronary atherosclerotic stage and grade of coronary stenosis severity (rs = 0.79, P < 0.01) . (3) The rate of multiple vessel disease, coronary atherosclerotic stage, composite lesions of coronary artery, grade III-IV coronary artery stenosis, old myocardial infarction and arteriosclerosis of the arteries on the base of the brain were 60.5% (23/38) , 84.2% (32/38), 63.2% (24/38), 86.8% (33/38), 36.8% (14/38) and 34.2% (13/38), respectively in SCD group, which were significantly higher than those in non-SCD group [25.2% (27/107), 29.0% (31/107) , 18.7% (20/107), 19.6% (21/107), 3.7% (4/107) and 6.5% (7/107), respectively, all P < 0.01]., Conclusion: Coronary artery atherosclerotic lesion is severer and patients are older in SCD patients than in non-SCD patients in this coronary artery disease patient cohort.

Objective: To investigate the effect of silencing Bmi-1 expression in reversing cisplatin resistance in human lung cancer cells and explore the possible mechanisms., Methods: Cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP cells with small interference RNA (siRNA)-mediated Bmi-1 expression silencing were examined for cisplatin sensitivity using MTT assay and alterations in cell cycle distribution and apoptosis with flow cytometry, and the changes in cell senescence was assessed using β-galactosidase staining. The protein expressions of Bmi-1, P14(ARF), P16(INK4a), P53, P21, Rb and ubi-H2AK119 in the cells were determined with Western blotting., Results: A549/DDP cells showed significantly higher Bmi-1 expression than A549 cells. After siRNA-mediated Bmi-1 silencing, A549/DDP cells showed significantly enhanced cisplatin sensitivity with an increased IC50 from 40.3±4.1 µmol/L to 18.3±2.8 µmol/L (P<0.01) and increased cell percentage in G0/G1 phase from (48.9±2.3)% to (78.7±7.6)% (P<0.01). Silencing Bmi-1 did not cause significant changes in the cell apoptosis rate but induced obvious senescence phenotype in A549/DDP cells with down-regulated expression of ubi-H2AK119 and up-regulated expressions of P14(ARF), P16(INK4a), P53, P21 and Rb., Conclusion: Silencing Bmi-1 by RNA interference can induce cell senescence and resensitize A549/DDP cells to cisplatin possibly by regulating INK4a/ARF/Rb senescence pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of salivary and plasma miR-21 in patients with esophageal cancer (EC)., Methods: Total RNA was extracted from saliva and plasma samples from 50 stage I and 50 stage II patients with EC and 50 healthy controls for measurement of miR-21 levels using qPCR. The diagnostic values of salivary and plasma miR-21 levels were assessed for stage I, stage II, and stage I+II EC., Results: Salivary and plasma miR-21 were significantly higher in the EC patients than in the control group. The diagnostic sensitivities of plasma miR-21 for stage I, stage II, and stage I+II EC were 96%, 64% and 97%, with specificities of 44%, 84%, and 56%, respectively; the sensitivities of salivary miR-21 were 90%, 88%, and 89%, respectively, with the same specificities of 64%. Regardless of EC staging, the expression of plasma miR-21 showed a significant positive correlation with that of salivary miR-21, and their diagnostic values were comparable., Conclusion: Both salivary and plasmatic miR-21 can be sensitive biomarkers for EC, and salivary miR-21 detection has the potential to replace plasma detection for EC diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the association of Ile462Val polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene with small cell lung cancer susceptibility., Methods: A case-control study was done in 275 patients with small cell lung cancer and 406 control subjects. Genotypes of CYP1A1 Ile462Val were determined by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) associated with genetic variants of CYP1A1., Results: A case-control analysis showed ORs of 0.65 (95% CI 0.48 - 0.91) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.32 - 0.97) for small cell lung cancer in the CYP1A1 462 Ile/Val and 462 Val/Val genotype carriers respectively, compared with 462 Ile/Ile carriers. When stratified by smoking status, the ORs of 462 Ile/Val or Val/Val genotype for nonsmokers and smokers were 0.99 (95% CI 0.62 - 1.51) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.26 - 0.65), respectively. Furthermore, for light and heavy smokers, the ORs of 462 Ile/ Val or Val/Val genotype were 0.42 (95% CI 0.21 - 0.85) and 0.44 (95% CI 0.24 - 0.82), respectively., Conclusion: CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphisms may contribute to the decreased susceptibility of small cell lung cancer.

Based on LCD Module and Visual C++ development environment, this paper proposes a new method which can quickly develop the human-machine interface .We define a LCD module programming interface by designing Serial Communication Class(SCS). On this basis,we achieve the transplantation on an Embedded ARM Platform to fulfil the requirements of Medical Diagnostic Instruments (MDI). Experimental results show that this method has advantages of short development cycle and high level transplantation which has broad application prospects in the field of Medical Diagnosis Instrument.

Objective: To explore the differences of three-dimensional porous blended silk scaffolds with different sericin ratios in terms of molecular structure, mechanical properties, and biological characteristics., Methods: Fibroin/sericin blended aqueous solution [concentration 8% (W/V)] with various sericin ratios 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and NaCl as a porogen with different particle sizes (125-200, 200-300, 300-450, 450-600, 600-900, 900-1100 microm) were used to fabricate the three-dimensional porous blended silk scaffolds. Gross observation of the formation of three-dimensional porous blended silk scaffolds of different sericin ratios and pore sizes was performed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to detect the distribution and diameter of the pore sizes. Its porosity was calculated by liquids replacement method. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to detect its internal molecular structure. Its mechanical properties, enzyme degration rate in vitro and experiment on SD rats in vivo, and histology observation after coculturing homogeneous scaffold (sericin ratio 0-12%, NaCl particle size 600-900 microm) with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were detected., Results: Gross observation showed that the higher of the ratio of sericin protein, the greater of the porogen sizes scope which used to form homogeneous silk scaffolds. The result of SEM showed that the pores of the three-dimensional porous blended silk scaffolds had uniform distribution and was connected with each other. Its pore sizes was in the scope of the porogen sizes, and its porosity all above 90%. The angel corresponding to the characteristic peak of the sericin/fibroin blended scaffolds were 20.6 degrees and 24.6 degrees (XRD), and the wavelength corresponding to the characteristic peak of the sericin/fibroin blended scaffolds were 3 296, 2 933 and 1629 cm(-1) (FTIR) which was the same as the angel and wavelength corresponding to the characteristic peak of the natural silk. The mechanical properties of the sericin/fibroin blended scaffolds was improved with the increase of sericin ratios, and the compressional resilience reached 100% when the ratio > or = 6%. The different ratios of sericin and the different particle size of porogen had no significant effect on the enzyme degradation rate in vitro. The histological observation 14 days after ADSCs-scaffold co-culture indicated that the scaffolds had slow degradation rate, and slight inflammatory response in vivo. ADSCs were well attached to the sericin/fibroin blended scaffolds of different sericin ratios, with varied morphology, rich cytoplasm, and nuclear enrichment, the light staining ECM was observed surrounding the cells., Conclusion: The mechanical property of the three-dimensional porous blended silk scaffolds is improved by silk sericins with ratio > or = 6% obviously, which will lay the groudwork for further research and making of strengthen silk scaffolds.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features, renal damage and prognosis of primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in children, hoping to give more attention to early recognition and treatment of the disease., Methods: Between June 1995 and December 2006, 974 patient were admitted in our hospital because of urinary tract infection (UTI), 139 primary VUR children were enrolled in the retrospective study. VUR grades, renal scar development, renal ultrasound and urinalysis were evaluated., Results: The incidence of VUR in UTI children was 14.3% (139/974), however, the incidence in infants and toddlers (younger than two years of age) was 17.2% (79/458), which was greatly higher than that in school children. Of the 139 children, 79(56.8%) were younger than two years and the number of boys was much larger than that of girls (P = 0.001). Bilateral reflux was found in 69 cases, unilateral in 70 cases; the percentages of mild reflux (grade I-II) was 19.7% (41/208), moderate reflux (grade III) was 35.6% (74/208), severe reflux (grade IV-V) was 44.7% (93/208). Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scanning was performed for 135 patients, and renal scar was found in 37% (50/135), and the rate of scar in infants was the highest (42.4%), and 30 (60%) patients with renal scar were younger than two years of age. Among them five patients were found to have renal scar during the follow up period, four of them were younger than two years. The rate of renal scar in moderate and severe reflux was much higher than that in mild reflux cases, the risk of occurring renal scar would increase with its severity of reflux (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of renal ultrasound in suggesting VUR were 24.8% and 94.3%, respectively. The positive outcome of urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was a bit high, but there were no associations between renal scar and urinary microprotein (P > 0.05). Thirty-one cases were followed up for long time (> 1 year); and 90% of urinary infection was controlled and in 44.4% of patients VUR disappeared with medical treatment. No child had decreasing renal function in follow-up period., Conclusion: Children with primary VUR need early diagnosis and treatment. Insisting on normal therapy and long-term follow-up will protect renal function effectively.

To investigate the combined effect of human recombinant soluble TNF-related apoptosis induced ligand (hrsTRAIL) with Ara-C or alone on HL-60 leukemia cell lines and its mechanism, human leukemia cell lines HL-60 were cultured in vitro. HL-60 cells were divided into 5 groups: control group, Ara-C group, rsTRAIL group, Ara-C + rsTRAIL simultaneously given group, Ara-C + rsTRAIL tandem given group (Ara-C followed by rsTRAIL group). The cytotoxic effect was measured by MTT assay; cell apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry after Annexin V/PI staining; the expression level of DR5 on surface of HL-60 cells treated with Ara-C at different concentrations for 24 hours was determined by flow cytometry. The expression level of DR5 on surface of HL-60 cells and caspase-8 activity in HL-60 cells of rsTRAIL group and Ara-C + rsTRAIL tandem group was determined by flow cytometry. The result showed that rsTRAIL could inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells and induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The apoptosis rate of HL-60 cells in Ara-C + rsTRAIL tandem given group was higher than that in Ara-C + rsTRAIL simultaneously given group, the expression level of DR5 on surface of HL-60 cells and intracellular activity of caspase-8 in Ara-C + rsTRAIL tandem given group were higher than those in rsTRAIL group. When HL-60 cells treated with 5 and 10 mg/L of Ara-C for 24 hours, the expression level of DR5 on surface of HL-60 cells was higher than that in control group. It is concluded that rsTRAIL can inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells, and induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Ara-C can upregulate DR5 expression on the surface of HL-60 cells and enhance the effect of rsTRAIL-inducing apoptosis. Tandem treatment of HL-60 cells with Ara-C followed by rsTRAIL induce more apoptosis than that of co-treatment with rsTRAIL and Ara-C. Ara-C and rsTRAIL has a synergistic inhibitory effect on growth of HL-60 cells. The mechanism may correlate with up-regulation of the expression level of DR5 and/or caspase-8 in HL-60 cells by Ara-C.

Objective: To compare the therapeutic outcome of cyclophosphamide(CTX) and cyclosporine A (CsA) in the treatment of steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in children., Methods: Thirty-seven children with SRNS were analysed in a retrospective study from Jan 2001 to Dec. 2006. There was initial renal histology of minimal change (MCD) in 28 children, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 7 and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) in the other 2. These patients were divided into 2 groups: one group received the induction therapy consisting of intravenous CTX and prednisolone, and the another group were treated with CsA [initial dose 3-5mg/(kg d)] and prednisolone., Results: (1) Thirty children received CTX, while 21 received CsA, and the total efficacy was 40.0% and 85.7% respectively after the 12 month follow-up. Children with MCD receiving CsA had a better response than those treated with CTX (93.8% vs 36.3%, P<0.05). Children with FSGS receiving CsA did not show a significant difference compared with those treated with CTX (75.0% vs 50.0%, P>0.05). (2) There were no significant associations between age, pathology, clinic type and therapeutic outcome in the 2 groups(P>0.05). (3)The rate of liver functional impairment, leukocytopenia, vomiting and nausea was 10%, 16.7% and 33.3%, respectively in children receiving CTX. The rate of hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia and hypertension was 71.4%, 23.8% and 9.5% respectively in children receiving CsA. Two children had central adverse effect. Two patients with FSGS progressed into end-stage renal failure., Conclusion: For children with MCD, CsA combining prednisolone could result in a higher remission rate than intravenous CTX combining prednisolone.

The interaction of neutral red and heparin was studied by UV-Vis spectrophotometry in pH 3.0 Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution. Neutral red has a strong absorbance at 523 nm and the addition of heparin into neutral red solution resulted in the decrease in the absorbance value at 523 nm without the appearance of new absorbance peak. The decrease in absorbance value was linear with the concentration of heparin. The conditions for the interaction were optimized and the interferences of coexistent substances were investigated. Under the optimal conditions a linear regression equation was obtained as deltaA = 0.044 + 0.076c (mg x L(-1)) (n = 12, r = 0.997) in the range of 0.10-15.0 mg x L(-1) with the detection limit of 0.073 mg x L(-1). The molar absorptivity of the method was calculated to be 2.037 x 10(6) L x mol(-1) x cm(-1). The method was applied to determine the heparin sodium injection solution with satisfactory results. The stoichiometry of heparin with neutral red was calculated as 1 : 3.

This paper introduces a new method for color blood cell image segmentation based on FCM algorithm. By transforming the original blood microscopic image to indexed image, and by doing the colormap, a fuzzy apparoach to obviating the direct clustering of image pixel values, the quantity of data processing and analysis is enormously compressed. In accordance to the inherent features of color blood cell image, the segmentation process is divided into two stages. (1)confirming the number of clusters and initial cluster centers; (2) altering the distance measuring method by the distance weighting matrix in order to improve the clustering veracity. In this way, the problem of difficult convergence of FCM algorithm is solved, the iteration time of iterative convergence is reduced, the execution time of algarithm is decreased, and the correct segmentation of the components of color blood cell image is implemented.

Good anticoagulant biomaterials need good surface chemical properties, good mechanics performances and particularly good characteristics of biocompatibility, including tissue compatibility and hemocompatibility. In order to understand with greater clearness the anticoagulant biomaterial, we have to characterize them by different methods. In this paper, the approaches to assessing and displaying the characteristics of anticoagulant biomaterial are reviewed in three aspects, namely the surface chemical properties and structure, the mechanics performances the and the biocompatibility of anticoagulant biomaterial.