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Inflammation can occur at any time in many diseases, and affect the activity of metabolism enzymes and transporters, so change the blood concentration and therapeutic effect of therapeutic drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to study the metabolic changes during the acute-phase response (APR) of inflammation. In this study, urine metabolomics was performed to investigate the possible differential metabolic pathways in New Zealand white rabbit APR inflammation model. An APR rabbit model with normal hepatic and renal function was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in low-dose escalation, at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2 μg/kg from 1 to 7 days. The urine samples were collected at prior of dosing, 2-day and 7-day after the first dose of LPS, and detected using ultra-high liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). The samples were separated by a Kinetex F5 column (150 mm×2.1 mm×2.6 μm) with the mobile phase of water containing 0.05% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.05% formic acid. ZenoTOFTM 7600 HRMS was operated under positive and negative ion modes to collect data, and the high-resolution mass spectral data was acquired by utilizing information dependent acquisition (IDA) and dynamic background subtraction (DBS). Non-targeted metabolomics analysis was completed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to search for differential metabolites. Then the differential metabolic pathway analysis was carried out using the metaboAnalyst 5.0 website and KEGG database. The analysis results indicated that the method has high stability and reproducibility with quality control samples clustered together in PCA. The quality control and APR model groups can be separated well by OPLS-DA, which showed that the metabolism in rabbits is significantly disturbed during APR period. Clustering heatmap analysis was performed on the screened differential metabolites which were judged by variable importance projection (VIP>1), significance (p<0.05), and folds of change (FC>2). The results showed differential metabolites in urine at 2-day and 7-day after LPS administration are significantly different from those before administration, 41 and 161 differential metabolites are identified in the two groups of samples, respectively. Furtherly, the differential metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the differential metabolites are significantly correlated with the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway (p<0.01). Pregnenolone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 17α,21-dihydroxypregnenolone, 11-deoxycortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, 19-oxosteroids, cortisol, 16α-hydroxyandrost-4- ene-3,17-dione, epinephrine, 19-oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, cortisone, 11β-hydroxyprogesterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, estrone glucosinolate, and corticosterone are in an up-regulated trend on steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. The study provides the important information for target verification and disease treatment during the APR of inflammation, and facilitates further understanding of inflammatory response mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the preventive effects of different doses of esketamine on remifentanilinduced hyperalgesia (RIH) in the patients underwent thoracoscopic pnlmonary lobectomy, and to provide the basis for the multimodal analgesia and rapid postoperative recovery. Methods: The prospective, doubleblind, parallel-designed randomized controlled trial (RCT) were conducted, and 107 patients who underwent visual-assisted thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy were included. The patients were randomly divided into normal control group, low dose of esketamine group, and high dose of esketamine group using random number methods. Except the patients who were eliminated and those who dropped out of the study, there were 31 patients in normal control group, 33 patients in low dose of esketamine group, and 33 patients in high dose of esketamine group. The patients in low dose of esketamine group were given the intravenous injection of 0. 25 mg·kg-1 esketamine (diluted to 5 mL) during anesthesia induction; the patients in high dose of esketamine group were given the intravenous injection of 0. 50 mg·kg-1 esketamine (diluted to 5 mL), and the patients in normal control group were given 5 mL intravenous injection of saline. The mechanical pain thresholds of the non-dominant forearm skin and skin around the surgical incision at different time points, numeric rating scale (NRS) scores, Ramsay sedation scores, perioperative analgesic drug dosages, and the incidences of adverse reactions such as postoperative delirium, nausea, and vomiting of the patients in various groups were recorded. Results: Compared with normal control group, the mechanical pain thresholds around the surgical incision skin of the patients in low and high doses of esketamine groups were increased (P<0. 05); compared with low dose of esketamine group, the extubation time of the patients in high dose of esketamine group was increased (P<0. 05). Two minutes after anesthesia induction administration, compared with normal control group, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of the patients in low and high doses of esketamine groups were increased (P< 0. 05), but there were no significant differences in the MAP and HR of the patients between low dose of esketamine and high dose of esketamine group (P>0. 05); compared with normal control group, the incidences of hallucinations and delirium among the patients in high dose of esketamine group were increased (P<0. 05), while there were no significant differences in the incidences of above adverse reactions in low dose of esketamine group (P>0. 05); compared with low dose of esketamine group, the incidences of hallucinations and delirium among the patients in high dose of esketamine group were increased (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Intravenous administration of esketamine with a dosage of 0. 25 mg·kg-1 during anesthesia induction improves the postoperative mechanical pain threshold of the patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy, which exhibits effective prevention of RIH without an increase in incidences of adverse reactions during the perioperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the application effect of different doses of remifentanil combined with remifentanil in painless gastroscopy in children. Methods: 165 pediatric patients who underwent painless gastroscopy from May 2023 to November 2023 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into four groups using a random number table method, namely R1 (n=40), R2 (n=40), R3 group (n=40), and Matched group (n=45). Patients in the Matched group were intravenously injected with 2 mg/kg propofol and 7% fentany l μg/kg, R1, R2, R3 groups intravenous injection of fentanyl 7 μg/kg and Remazolam, R1 group Remazolam is 0.2 mg/kg. The R2 group is 0.3 mg/kg, and the R3 group is 0.4 mg/kg. Gastroscopy should be performed when all patients have improved alertness/calmness (MOAA/S) scores ≤ 1. Compare the success rate of sedation, onset time of sedation, awakening time, gastroscopy examination time, and number of times of remedial sedation among four groups of children. Evaluate the degree of sedation using MOAA/S scores before administration, after initial administration, before endoscopy, and immediately after examination. Record the changes in heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, heart rate (HR), and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the four groups of children before anesthesia induction (T0), at entry (T1), and after anesthesia induction (T2), Finally, compare the incidence of adverse reactions among the four groups of children. Results: There was no difference in the recovery time and gastroscopy examination time among the four groups of patients(P>0.05). The success rate of sedation in the R3 group was higher than that in the R1 group, R2 group, and Matched group. The onset time of sedation and the number of times of remedial sedation were lower than those in the R1 group, R2 group, and Matched group (P<0.05); There was no difference in MOAA/S scores among the four groups of patients before administration and immediately after examination(P>0.05). After the first administration and before endoscopy, the MOAA/S scores of R3 group patients were lower than those of R1 group, R2 group, and Matched group (P<0.05); There was no change in blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels and heart rate (HR) levels at T0, T1, and T2 time in the four groups of patients, and there was no difference between the four groups(P>0.05). The HR levels of patients in the T2 and R3 groups were stable, but there were fluctuations between the R1 and R2 groups and the Matched group. The T1 and R3 group was lower than the R1 and R2 groups and the Matched group (P<0.05); The incidence of adverse reactions such as injection pain, laryngeal spasm, hypoxemia, hypotension, and bradycardia in patients in R1, R2, and R3 groups was lower than that in the Matched group (P<0.05), but there was no difference in the comparison of R1, R2, and R3 groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: The combination of Remazolam and Alfentanil can improve the sedative effect during gastroscopy in children, and Remazolam at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg is more effective. It can further improve the success rate of sedation, reduce the number of times of remedial sedation, and do not increase the awakening time. The sedative effect is better, and it can stabilize the heart rate level during the examination of children, with higher safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: As nanomaterials and medical devices containing nanomaterials have unique characteristics such as small size and large specific surface area, which may lead to special biological effects, their biological safety has become the focus of attention. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biosafety of poly(lactic acid)/nano-hydroxyapatite composite microspheres. METHODS: Poly(lactic acid)/nano-hydroxyapatite composite microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation. (1) Cytotoxicity test: Mouse fibroblasts were co-cultured with poly(lactic acid)/nano-hydroxyapatite composite microspheres extract. Blank control (complete medium), negative control (high-density polyethylene resin extract) and positive control (zinc diethyldithiocarbamate extract) were set. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. (2) Sensitization reaction: Polar and non-polar extraction of the sample, intradermal induction and excitation test were conducted, and the results were recorded. (3) Intradermal reaction: Polar extraction and non-polar extraction of composite microspheres were performed. Immediately, 24, 48 and 72 hours after intradermal injection, the status of each injection site was observed. (4) Acute systemic toxicity: The composite microspheres were extracted by polar extraction and non-polar extraction. After intravenous and intraperitoneal injection into the body of KM mice, the changes in body weight of mice were observed. (5) Pyrogen reaction: After polar extraction, the composite microspheres were injected through the ear vein into the rabbit to record changes in body temperature. (6) Bone implantation test: Cylindrical composite microspheres with high-density polyethylene rods were implanted into the tibial defects of rabbits for gross observation and local histopathological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The poly(lactic acid)/nano-hydroxyapatite composite microspheres had no cytotoxicity, sensitization, intradermal irritation, or acute systemic toxicity. The pyrogen reaction was in line with the test regulations. After the composite microspheres were implanted into the tibial defect of rabbits, no lesions such as hematoma, edema or inflammation were observed at the implantation site, and the histological observation showed that the composite microspheres had a certain ability of bone tissue repair. (2) Bone results show that poly(lactic acid)/nano-hydroxyapatite composite microspheres had good biosafety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of low-dose mifepristone combined with goserelin injection in the treatment of uterine leiomyoma and its influence on the level of sex hormones. Methods: 90 patients with hysteromyoma admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the research objects. All patients were divided into control group, observation group A, and observation group B, with 30 cases in each group, using random number table. The patients in the control group were treated by intravenous injection of goserelin. Observe that group A was treated with conventional dose of mifepristone combined with goserelin, and group B was treated with low-dose of mifepristone combined with goserelin. Compare the clinical treatment effects of the three groups of patients, serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2) related hormones, procalcitonin (PCT) C-reactive protein (CRP) inflammatory factor level and adverse reactions. Results: The total effective rate of the three groups was different, observation group A and observation group B were higher than the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between observation group A and observation group B (P>0.05); There was no difference in the levels of serum FSH, P, E2 related hormones among the three groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the levels in the three groups decreased, and the levels of observation group A and observation group B were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between observation group A and observation group B (P>0.05); After treatment, the levels of CRP and PCT related inflammatory factors in the three groups decreased, and the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05), and the observation group A and observation group B were lower than the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the observation group A and observation group B (P>0.05); The incidence of adverse reactions in the three groups was different, and the observation group B and the control group were significantly lower than the observation group A (P>0.05). Conclusion: Mifepristone combined with Goserellin injection has a significant effect in the treatment of uterine leiomyoma, both of which can improve the inflammatory reaction and sex hormone level of patients. However, low-dose Mifepristone combined with Goserellin has a lower adverse reaction and a significant effect, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical efficacy and safety of compound Kushen injection combined with anlotinib hydrochloride in the treatment of advanced lung cancer in elderly patients. METHODS: A total of 98 elderly patients with advanced lung cancer admitted into the hospital from Mar. 2018 to Sept. 2022 were selected to be divided into 51 cases in the treatment group (given Anlotinib hydrochloride capsules orally + compound Kushen injection for intravenous drip) and 47 cases in the control group (only given Anlotinib hydrochloride capsules orally). The clinical efficacy, Karnofsky performance scores (KPS) and incidences of adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups. RESULTS: One patient withdrew and 46 patients completed observation in the control group; three patients interrupted or withdrew for other reasons and 48 patients completed observation in the treatment group. After treatment, the effective remission rate was 19. 6% (9/46) and the disease control rate was 60. 9% (28/46) in the control group; the effective remission rate was 41. 7% (20/48) and the disease control rate was 83. 3% (40/48) in the treatment group, the differences between two groups were statistically significant (P<0. 05). According to the KPS score, compared with the same group before treatment, 11 cases had improved physical strength in the treatment group after treatment, 3 cases had improved physical strength in the control group, the differences between two groups were statistically significant (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse drug reaction was 52. 1% (25/48) in the treatment group, lower than that of 71. 7% (33/46) in the control group, while the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of compound Kushen injection combined with Anrotinib hydrochloride capsules on elderly patients with advanced lung cancer can improve clinical efficacy, reduce adverse drug reactions and improve patients’ quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the postoperative analgesia effect of combination of esketamine and patient-controlled analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer, and to explore its effect on the early rehabilitation of patients.Methods: 100 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups: no pretreatment group (group C, n=50）and pre application of esketamine supra analgesia group (group S, n=50). Patients in group S received a single intravenous injection of 0.3 mg/kg esketamine 20 min before anesthesia induction, and the injection was completed within 0 ～3min. After operation, the patients were treated with 300 μg/ (kg·h) esketamine until 15 min before the end of the operation. Group C was replaced with the same amount of normal saline, and the other anesthesia induction and maintenance protocols were the same. The same patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) was performed after the patients were awake after operation, and the dosage of sufentanil in the analgesia pump at each time point after operation was recorded. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain of the two groups at various time points after operation, and the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (MOAA/S) was used to evaluate the sedation of the two groups at various time points after operation. The patients’ emotional state, recovery time, first exhaust time, first ambulation time and adverse reactions were observed and recorded. Results: At 1,3 and 6 h after operation, the dosage of sufentanil in analgesic pump in the group S was significantly less than that in the group C (P＜0.05). At rest, the VAS score in the group S was lower than that in the group C at 1h after operation (P＜0.05). The VAS scores in the group S at 1 h and 3 h after operation were lower than those in the group C (P＜0.05). The score of MOAA/S scale in the group S was significantly lower than that in the group C at 15 min after operation (P＜0.05). The emotional state of patients in the group S was better than that the in group C (P＜0.05). The first exhaust time and the first ambulation time in the group S were significantly shorter than those the in group C (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in the recovery time between the two groups (P＞0.05). The incidence of postoperative shivering in the group S was significantly lower than that in the group C (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The combination of esketamine pre-analgesia and patient-controlled analgesia in laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer can provide better analgesic and sedative effects in the early postoperative period,improve the postoperative emotional state of patients,reduce the incidence of postoperative shivering,promote the exhaust as soon as possible, and contribute to the early recovery of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To observe the effects of etomidate target controlled infusion combined with dexmedetomidine anesthesia on cellular immune function,inflammatory factors and stress response in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods:100 patients with gastric cancer who were selected for radical gastrectomy in our hospital from April 2021 to June 2022 were selected,and they were divided into control group (n=50） and observation group（n=50） according to the form of envelope lottery.Patients in control group were anesthetically treated with etomidate injection target controlled infusion.The observation group was combined with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection intravenous infusion on the basis of the control group.The occurrence of adverse reactions in patients,hemodynamic indexes[heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ],stress response indexes[cortisol (Cor), epinephrine (E), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ],inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6（IL-6), high sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP) ],cellular immune function indexes of the two groups were observed.Results SBP,HR and DBP in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at the time of medication and at the time of extubation (P＜0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05). 1 d after operation,E IL-6,Cor,TNF-α,ACTH,hs-CRP and CD8+in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The CD4+CD3+and CD4+/CD8+in the observation group at 1 d after operation were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion For patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer with etomidate target controlled infusion combined with dexmedetomidine anesthesia,the hemodynamics and stress response can be effectively controlled,and the influence of inflammatory factors and immune function can be greatly reduced,which is conducive to the smooth operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty is an effective treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis, but some patients will experience severe knee pain in early postoperative period. How to reduce postoperative knee pain is an important issue for clinicians. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of adjuvant dexamethasone combined with furosemide on early pain and swelling after unilateral total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Ninety-two patients who underwent primary unilateral knee arthroplasty due to knee osteoarthritis in the Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital from June to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients in the treatment group (n=46) were given intravenous infusion of dexamethasone 10 mg + 100 mL normal saline on the first day of surgery and after surgery, and intravenous injection of furosemide 20 mg on the second to fourth days after surgery. The patients in the control group (n=46) were given intraoperative intravenous infusion of dexamethasone 10 mg + 100 mL normal saline, and intravenous injection of the same amount of normal saline on the second to fourth days after surgery. Postoperative knee visual analogue scale score, knee range of motion, knee HSS score, and the affected limb circumference were assessed. The incidence of postoperative adverse reactions was recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The visual analogue scale scores at 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after surgery in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group in resting state (P < 0.05), and the visual analogue scale scores at 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after surgery in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group in the moving state (P < 0.05). (2) The range of motion of knee joint in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group at 2, 3 and 5 days after operation (P < 0.05). The knee HSS score at 2, 3 and 5 days after operation was higher in the treatment group than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The lower limb circumference of the treatment group at 2, 3 and 5 days after surgery was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions such as hypokalemia, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, constipation, delirium, and lower limb venous thrombosis between the two groups after surgery (P > 0.05). (4) Adjuvant application of dexamethasone combined with postoperative use of furosemide can effectively reduce postoperative swelling and early pain of the affected limb, improve postoperative joint activity of the knee joint, and effectively promote the early rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The representative modeling methods were evaluated by establishing the sepsis models of Escherichia coli infection type, lipopolysaccharide induced type and host barrier destruction (cecal ligation). Methods: SD rats were gathered and set up as: Escherichia coli group, lipopolysaccharide group, cecal ligation group, control group 1, control group 2, control group 3, with 10 rats in each group. Inflammatory indexes: interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), coagulation function indexes: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), organ dysfunction indexes: creatinine (Cre), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), myocardial calcium t (cTnT) and arterial blood gas analysis indexes: arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) level changes were detected within 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h after modeling. Results: Compared with control group 1, control group 2, and control group 3, within 12 h-48 h, the IL-6, PCT, PT, APTT, Cre, ALT, cTnT and PaCO2 increased in Escherichia coli group, lipopolysaccharide group and cecal ligation group (P<0.05), the PaO2 level decreased (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-6, PCT, PT, APTT, Cre, ALT, and cTnT in the lipopolysaccharide group and the cecal ligation group were higher than those in the Escherichia coli group (P<0.05), the PaO2level was lower than that in the Escherichia coli group (P<0.05). Conclusion: All the Escherichia coli modeling, lipopolysaccharide intravenous injection modeling and cecal ligation modeling can replicate the sepsis model,and the severity of the disease in rats established by lipopolysaccharide intravenous injection and cecal ligation is higher than that in rats established by Escherichia coli modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the curative effect of intravenous injection of human immunoglobulin combined with vancomycin in the treatment of children with sepsis, and changes in peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Procalcitonin (PCT). Methods: Eighty children with sepsis admitted to the hospital from January 2011 to January 2020 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. Children in control group were treated with vancomycin, and those in observation group were treated with intravenous injection of human immunoglobulin based on the treatment of control group. Clinical efficacy, symptom improvement time, length of hospital stay, NLR, PCT, Procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), White blood cell count (WBC), immune function and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The treatment response rate in observation group was higher than that in control group (87.50% vs. 65.00%)(P<0.05). The improvement time of nervous system symptoms, body temperature and milk refusal, and the length of hospital stay in observation group [(6.22± 1.05) d, (3.88± 0.25) d, (5.10± 0.86) d and (8.71± 2.05) d] were shorter than those in control group [(8.76± 1.53) d, (6.22± 0.64) d, (7.53± 1.46) d and (11.24± 3.36) d] (P<0.05). After treatment, peripheral blood NLR, serum PCT, hs-CRP and WBC levels in observation group [(1.35± 0.20), (0.80± 0.34) mg/mL, (3.56± 0.62) g/L and (9.12± 1.80)× 109 /L] were significantly lower than those in control group [(1.83± 0.32), (2.19± 0.73) mg/mL, ( 9. 78 ± 2. 64 ) g/L and ( 12. 26 ± 2. 59 ) × 109 /L ] (P<0. 05 ). After treatment, CD4+, CD3+ and CD4/CD8 in observation group [(42.77± 11.36)%, (41.27± 11.26)% and (1.70± 0.33)] were significantly higher than those in control group [(35.80± 9.32)%, (35.66± 9.40)% and (1.29± 0.25)](P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (10.00% vs. 7.50%) (P>0.05). Conclusion: Intravenous injection of human immunoglobulin combined with vancomycin is effective in the treatment of children with sepsis, which Can reduce inflammatory factors, and improve immune function, with high safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Studies have confirmed that enalapril can alleviate myocardial injury caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion, but the mechanism of its action has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect mechanism of enalapril reduction of myocardial injury by ischemia-reperfusion in the rat limb. METHODS: Forty-eight healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, enalapril group and inhibitor group. Except for the normal control group, rats were bundled around the ligation of the posterior limbs with a rubber band for 3 hours, followed by 3-hour reperfusion to establish the model of limb ischemia-reperfusion. Intravenous injection of 0.3 mg/kg LY294002 was given in the inhibitor group 30 minutes before reperfusion. Enalapril group and inhibitor group were given intravenous infusion of enalapril 13 μg/kg/h immediately after reperfusion until the end of reperfusion. An equal amount of normal saline solution was given in the other two groups immediately after reperfusion. After 3 hours of reperfusion, the rats were killed and the myocardial tissue was taken. Myocardial histopathological changes, apoptotic index, apoptosis gene expression and cell conduction pathway protein expression were detected. The study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethical Committee of Shenyang Medical College in October 2019 with an approval No. (2019)85. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, myocardial histopathological injury was reduced in the enalapril group. Compared with the enalapril group, myocardial histopathological injury was aggravated in the inhibitor group. Compared with the model group, myocardial apoptosis index (AI) was decreased, Bax expression was downregulated, PI3K, p-Akt and Bcl-2 expression was up-regulated in the enalapril group (P < 0.05). Compared with the enalapril group, myocardial apoptosis index was increased, Bax expression was up-regulated, PI3K, p-Akt and Bcl-2 expression was downregulated in the inhibitor group (P < 0.05). The mechanism by which enalapril reduces limb ischemia-reperfusion caused myocardial injury is related to activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting cell apoptosis in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of using fluorescein sodium injection to guide surgical resection of glioma. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, CNKI, VIP, CBM and Wanfang Data were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trials(RCT) of efficacy of fluorescein sodium injection-guided surgical resection of glioma. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to Apr. 2021. Meta-analysis was performed on RCT that met the quality standards, and RevMan 5. 2 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 6 RCT with 333 patients were included. During the routine microsurgical resection of glioma in the observation group, the tumor tissue was stained by intravenous injection of sodium fluorescein injection, and the tumor boundary was judged according to the intensity of the fluorescent staining to perform tumor resection; the control group was resected by conventional microsurgery glioma. Meta-analysis showed that the total resection rate of glioma in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( OR = 5. 51, 95% CI = 3. 28-9. 24, P<0. 000 01), the recurrence rate of glioma in the observation group after surgery was significantly lower than that in the control group (OR = 0. 30,95%CI = 0. 15-0. 60,P = 0. 000 6), with statistically significant differences. There were no significant differences in the average duration of surgery and average length of stay between two groups (P>0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional microsurgery, fluorescein sodium injection-guided surgical resection of glioma has a higher total tumor resection rate and a lower postoperative tumor recurrence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke and to compare the clinical efficacy of different mesenchymal stem cells transplantation pathways. METHODS: PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, Web of Science, and SinoMed were searched, and randomized controlled trials of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke published from January 2005 to March 2021 were collected. The control group received conventional treatment. The stem cell group received mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. The literature quality was assessed using the bias assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. The included primary outcome measures National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score, secondary outcome index modified Rankin Scale score, function independent measure score, Fugl-Meyer assessment score, Barthel index score, and post-treatment adverse outcome were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 16.0 software. The network meta-analysis was performed for the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score of neurological impairment. RESULTS: Seventeen randomized controlled trials were included, and the quality of the included articles was generally average. A total of 936 ischemic stroke cases were included. (1) Results of meta-analysis showed that mesenchymal stem cells were superior to conventional treatment group in reducing National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score and modified Rankin Scale score of neurological impairment, improving Fugl-Meyer assessment motor function score, Barthel index score of daily living ability, and functional independence Function independent measure score (P < 0.05). (2) The results of network meta-analysis showed that compared with the conventional treatment group, subarachnoid injection combined with intravenous injection could significantly reduce the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score (P < 0.05) and promote the recovery of neurological function. SUCRA cumulative probability: Subarachnoid injection combined with intravenous injection (79.0%) > stereotactic implantation (71.3%) > subarachnoid injection (55.8%) > intravenous injection (43.0%) > carotid injection (36.5%) > routine treatment (14.4%). The effect of subarachnoid injection combined with intravenous injection was better than other transplantation methods. CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells can effectively improve neurological function, improve motor function, daily living ability and functional independence in patients with ischemic stroke, and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is relatively safe. The combination of subarachnoid injection and intravenous injection may be an optimal path to improve the neural function of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation after ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The paper aimed to study the evaluation of immune oprotective effective of microneme protein 3(EaMIC3)and microneme adhesive region protein of Eimeria acervulina. [Methods]Recombinant proteins of EaMIC3, EaMAR3 and EaMAR6 were obtained by prokaryotic expression and purification, antiserum of these three proteins was prepared, and the serum titer was measured; at the same time, the oocysts of E.acervulina were isolated and purified. By grouping, intramuscular injection of recombinant protein and wing intravenous injection of polyclonal antibody were performed to evaluate the immune protection of the three proteins against E.acervulina infection. [Results]Immunization with EaMIC3, EaMAR3 and EaMAR6 could all increase the level of antigen-specific IgY; in the recombinant protein immunization group and polyclonal antibody immunization group, the anticoccidial indexes of EaMIC3 and EaMAR3 were 178, 165 and 180, 166, respectively, while the anticoccidial index of EaMAR6 was 130, 159, respectively. Compared with the control group, EaMIC3 and EaMAR3 had obvious immune protection effects, and the immune protection effect of EaMIC3 worked best, while EaMAR6 didn't have immunity protection effect. [Conclusions]The immunoprotective effect of MAR is consistent with its ability to bind intestinal epithelial cells, which further proves the key role of these MARs in the process of coccidian invasion, and also provides a basis for subunit vaccine antigen screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Preschool children encounter treatment using an intravenous injection. However, the inadequacy of nursing programs before conducting medical treatment of intravenous injection results in children's fear and resistant behaviors in tube removal. This study demonstrated that up to 97.2% of children are afraid of receiving an intravenous injection. However, the rate of a thorough nursing program, conducted by nurses before executing intravenous injection, was 58%. The analyzed consequence was attributed to children's fear in the process of receiving an intravenous injection and may foster children to remove the tube as a behavioral response to fear. In addition, no individuality on the injection fixed strap was noted. However, the behavioral response of children was reduced to 55% through applying an openable fixed strap and well-decorated wards with cartoon wallpaper, simultaneously operating a therapeutic game-based program, and improving the nursing program before conducting intravenous injection. Consequently, the rate of the thorough nursing program went up to 92% while conducting intravenous injection, showing that such improvements lowered the children's behavioral response to fear and enabled good quality of nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A microplate reader method was established to study the pharmacokinetic parameters and compartment model analysis of aminophylline in New Zealand rabbits. Methods: After intravenous injection of aminophylline at a dose of 15 mg/kg in New Zealand rabbits, the absorbance at 274 nm was measured by microplate reader method. The pharmacokinetic parameters, recovery experiment and compartment model analysis of aminophylline in vivo were analyzed by linear correlation and regression analysis. Results: The linear relationship of serum theophylline was good in the range of 5 ～30 μg/mL. The regression equation is A=0. 0013C+0.0074, r²=0.991. The recovery rate of aminophylline for each concentration is more than 90%, the average recovery rate is 95.83 ±3.83, RSD is less than 15% and the recovery effect is good. The two-compartment model fitting showed that the linear regression equation of extrapolation concentration is obtained by eliminating the phase: lgC=-0.1271t+1.0562. From the distribution phase, the linear regression equation of residual concentration is lgCr =-0.5829t+1.030, and the pharmacokinetic equation of two-compartment model is C=22.000e-1.342t +11.381e-0.292t, T1/2 (α)=0.516 h, T1/2 β=2.369 h. The fitting of compartment model in aminophylline showed that the pharmacokinetic equation of one-compartment model is: lgC=-0.2131t+1.315, and the drug-time equation is C= 20.649e-0.491t, T1/2 =1.412 h. Conclusions: The pharmacokinetic parameters of aminophylline in vivo can be determined by microplate reader method. The recovery rate is good. Its metabolism in body matches the double compartment model, and the elimination half-life is longer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To establish a LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of the concentrations of salidroside and its metabolite/rtyrosol in Beagle dog plasma and also to study their pharmacokinetics. Methods: The plasma samples were extracted by a mixed solution of chloroform, phenol and isoamyl alcohol. Then, they were separated on Shimadzu Shim-pack Velox PFPP column (100 mm X2.1 mm ,1.8). Water (phase A) and methanol containing 20% acetonitrile (phase B) was used as mobile phase, the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min with a gradient elution (0-1 min,12% B; 1-2.5 min,12%-85% B;2.5-3.5 min, 85% B; 3.5~3.6 min ,85% -12% B ;3 .6-5 min ,12% B), and the column temperature was 40 °C. Detections were made by using an electro spray ionization (ESI) source and negative ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of m!z 299 .1今118. 9 (salidroside), m/z 137 .0-105 .9 (p-tyrosol) and m/z 285 .1-122 .9 (internal standard gastrodin). Main pharmacokinetic parameters of salidroside and p-tyrosol were calculated after oral and intravenous injection of salidroside. Results: The calibration curves of salidroside and/rtyrosol showed good linearity within the ranges of 1C-1O 000 ng/ml and 1-1000 ng/ml. The intra-day and inte厂day RSD were all less than 12 .9%. After oral administration, the AUCo-r of salidroside and p-tyrosol were respectively (19 600 士 4 870) and (946 士 188) ng • h • ml--1, AUCo-were respectively (19 700 士 4 880) and (2 280士 1 780) ng • h • ml 1, Ck were (8 890士2 650) and (132 .0士44 .3) ng/ml, &/2 were (1 .85士0 .69) and (40 .3士45 .1) h. After intravenous injection, AUCo-r of salidroside and p-tyrosol were respectively (5 960士882) and (127 .0士32 .4) ng • h • ml 1, AUCo-co were respectively (6 000士887) and (157 .0士31 .6) ng • h • ml--1, ＜-脯 were (9 210士 1 900) and (42 .0士 12 .3) ng/ml, &/2 were (0 .976士0 .156) and (4 .46士2 .42) h, respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple, sensitive and efficient with high specificity and could be used for pharmacokinetics study of salidroside and its metabolite/rtyrosol in Beagle dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the clinical efficacy of ondansetron combined with pantoprazole on nausea and vomiting caused by concurrent chemoradiotherapy of cervical cancer. Methods: 79 cases if patients with cervical cancer who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected for concurrent chemotherapy, and they were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was given intravenous injection of ondansetron, 8 mg each time, once per day at 30 minutes before chemotherapy and the following 6 days. At the same time, dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection 10 mg was given once daily. In the observation group, intravenous pantoprazole was given on the basis of ondansetron, 40 mg each time, once per day, and the administration time was the same as ondansetron. The complete remission rate of nausea and vomiting, cancer-related fatigue score and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the complete remission rate of nausea and vomiting between the two groups on the first, second day of chemotherapy (P>0.05). The complete remission rate of nausea and vomiting on the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th day of chemotherapy in the observation group were 76.92 %,79.49 %, 87.18 %, 87.18 %, respectively, all significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The score of cancer-related fatigue in the observation group was (45.39± 7.29), which was significantly lower than that in the control group (67.24± 8.36, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of asthenia, sleepiness, constipation, extravertebral reaction, insomnia / restlessness, diarrhea and mild headache between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Ondansetron combined with pantoprazole not only had a significant effect on nausea and vomiting caused by concurrent chemoradiotherapy of cervical cancer, but also could significantly reduce cancer-related fatigue with high safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of immunoglobulin combined with sodium creatine phosphate on myocardial remodeling and myocardial injury in children with viral myocarditis. Methods: Selected 143 cases of children with viral myocarditis who were treated in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019, divided into two groups randomly. In the control group, sodium creatine phosphate was infused intravenously, 0.5~1.0 g each time, once a day for 14 days. The observation group combined with intravenous injection of human immunoglobulin at a dose of 1 g/(kg·d), once a day for 2 days. The changes of myocardial remodeling index and myocardial injury index were detected before and after treatment. Results: The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the levels of TGF β1, PINP, MMP2, ICTP and MMP9 between the two groups (P>0.05), after treatment, the levels of TGF β1, PINP, MMP2, ICTP and MMP9 in the two groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the levels of TGF β1, PINP, MMP2, ICTP and MMP9 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the levels of MDA, CK-MB, BNP and cTnI between the two groups (P>0.05), after treatment, the levels of MDA, CK-MB, BNP and cTnI in the two groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the levels of MDA, CK-MB, BNP and cTnI in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Immunoglobulin combined with sodium creatine phosphate has a significant effect on children with viral myocarditis. It can effectively inhibit myocardial remodeling and reduce myocardial damage, which is worthy of promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In the elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures, a large amount of hidden bleeding appears after surgery, so reducing hidden bleeding has become an important problem to be solved urgently. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of preoperative intravenous injection of tranexamic acid on the hidden blood loss after proximal femoral nail annotation implantation. METHODS: Eighty-two cases of senile intertrochanteric fractures at Department of Traumatic Orthopedics of Guang'an People's Hospital from July 2018 to July 2019 were selected, and all the patients underwent internal fixation with proximal femoral nail antirotation. The patients were allocated into two groups based on usage of tranexamic acid (n=41/group). In trial group, intravenous injection of tranexamic acid (10 mg/kg) was conducted during anesthesia, and control group was given the same volume of normal saline via vein. Blood routine examination was conducted at baseline and 1, 3 and 5 days postoperatively to count the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit. The total blood loss was calculated by Gross equation. The transfusion rate and postoperative incidence of thrombosis were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no significant difference in the dominant blood loss between two groups (P > 0.05). (2) The perioperative actual total blood loss and postoperative hidden blood loss in the trial group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) Three cases of blood transfusion (7%) in the trial group, and eight cases (24%) in the control group (P < 0.05). (4) No thrombosis occurred in both groups. (5) These findings suggest that preoperative intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid can effectively reduce the hidden blood loss after proximal femoral nail antirotation implantation, and does not increase the risk of postoperative thrombosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To characterize the efficiency of administrating different doses of sodium iodate by intravenous injection in imitating retinitis pigmentosa. Thirty 6-8 weeks old C57BL/6J mice was randomly divided into five groups: control group, 10 mg/kg NaIO3 group, 20 mg/kg NaIO3 group, 35 mg/kg NaIO3 group, 50 mg/kg NaIO3 group. Then different levels of sodium iodate were administered by intravenous injection into corresponding group of mice. Control group mice were given equivalent dose of PBS by intravenous injection. Functional changes of the retina were assessed at 1 week after injection by electroretinogram (ERG); morphological changes of the retina were assessed at 1,2 weeks following injection by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Eyeballs from all mice were removed 2 weeks after injection for frozen section and RPE flat mount, then HE is staining and immunostaining. At 1 week after injection the amplitude of b wave from ectopic ERG in the 10 mg/kg group indicated a mild damage to function of cones, but morphologically the structure of ONL was normal; the amplitudes of b waves from no matter ectopic or scotopic ERG all underwent a drastic decline in the 20 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg group, which showing a damage both of cones but also of rods. Moreover, outer nuclear layer (ONL) of OCT results exerted higher reflection image than control, lacking distinctly stratified structure. At 2 weeks after injection, flat mounts of RPE from 10 mg/kg group exerted multinuclear cell which is a marker of RPE damage. In the 20 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg group, at 2 weeks after injection, the whole thickness of retina was decreased compared to control in a dose-dependent manner, which indicating a degeneration change to the retinas; moreover, H-E staining and immunostaining of RPE flat mount showed ONL in 20 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg groups were wave-like and continuity of monolayer RPE was interrupted, black round deposits and multinuclear RPE appearing. Immunostaining results of RPE specific marker RPE65 were declined both in 20 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg. The intravenous injection of sodium iodate can simulate the pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa in 20 mg/kg group, which can provide an animal model for retinitis pigmentosa [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid has been shown to effectively reduce dominant and hidden blood loss in patients undergoing proximal femoral nail antirotation fixation, and it is safe and effective. At present, the use of tranexamic acid in this operation is mainly divided into intravenous infusion and local intramedullary perfusion; intravenous infusion can be divided into single use or multiple uses, and most of the local use is single use. For the combined local use with intravenous infusion is rarely reported. However, the combined use of tranexamic acid in hip and knee arthroplasties has been proven to be safe and effective. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness and safety of intravenous combined with local application oftranexamic acid on the perioperative blood loss in proximal femoral nail antirotation. METHODS: Ninety patients with intertrochanteric fracture who underwent proximal femoral nail antirotation in Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled, and randomly divided into combined, intravenous and local groups (n=30/group ). All patients signed the informed consents and the study was approved by the hospital ethical committee. In the combined group, tranexamic acid (20 mg/kg dissolved in 20 mL normal saline) was injected intravenously at 30 minutes before surgery, followed by femoral intracavitary injection of tranexamic acid (1 g, dissolved in 20 mL normal saline) after proximal femoral nail antirotation. Intravenous group only underwent intravenous injection oftranexamic acid. Local group only received femoral intracavitary injection oftranexamic acid. The total blood loss, dominant blood loss, hidden blood loss, International Normalized Ratio, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, blood transfusion rate and the incidence of deep venous thrombosis were counted and compared in the three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The total blood loss in the combined group was significantly less than that in the intravenous and local groups (P 0.05). (2) The hidden blood loss in the combined group was significantly less than that in the intravenous and local groups (P 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in the dominant blood loss among groups (P > 0.05). (4) The International Normalized Ratio, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time before and after surgery showed no significant difference among groups (P > 0.05). (5) The blood transfusion rate showed no significant difference among groups (P > 0.05). (6) None presented with deep venous thrombosis. (7) These results suggest that compared with single intravenous and intracavitary injection of tranexamic acid, their combination can obviously reduce total and hidden blood loss of proximal femoral nail anti rotation without increasing the risk of deep venous thrombosis. In addition, single intravenous and intramedullary injection of tranexamic acid has no significant difference in total or hidden blood loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established for the detection of methcathinone and its metabolite cathinone. Methcathinone was administered to rabbits by intravenous injection and gavage respectively. The blood of poisoned rabbits was collected at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after the administration. Then, the blood samples were extracted by internal standard proadifen hydrochloride (SKF525A) acetonitrile solution, and the extract was filtered with 0.22 μm organic filter membrane and detected by HPLC-MS/MS. The Column Eclipse Plus C18 chromatographic column (100 mm×3 mm×1.8 μm) was adopted and the column temperature was 45 °C, mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile. The results of the rabbit experiment showed that after intravenous injection and gavage of methcathinone, the blood levels of methcathinone and its metabolite cathinone reached the peak within 1 h, and then gradually decreased. The peak value of methcathinone in the blood of intravenous administration was much higher than that of intragastric administration, while the peak value of metabolite cathinone was not significantly affected by the administration method. In addition, the elimination rate of methcathinone and its metabolite in blood of intravenous administration was significantly higher than that of gavage administration, and the content of methcathinone in blood 8 h after intravenous administration was lower than the detection limit. The linear relationship of methcathinone was good in the range of 0.2-2 000 μg/L, and the linear equation was y=0.014 1x+0.140 6 (r=0.999). The detection limit was 0.1 μg/L, the average recovery was 90.5%-98.5% in the concentration range of 0.5-500 μg/L. The intra-day RSD was 5.9%-7.9% and the inter-day RSD was 6.6%-8.8%. The linear relationship of cathinone was good in the range of 0.5-2 000 μg/L, and the linear equation was y=0.007 1x-0.023 1 (r=0.999), the detection limit was 0.2 μg/L, the average recovery was 90.2%-97.6% in the concentration range of 0.5-500 μg/L. The intra-day RSD was 5.7%-8.2% and the inter day RSD was 6.5%-9.1%. The method is simple and sensitive, and can be used to detect methoxyketone and its metabolite in blood samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate whether modulating NRG1 could attenuate diabetic neuropathic pain and analyze the underlying mechanism. Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(group C), diabetic group(group D), NRG1 intervention group(group N). 2 weeks after STZ-induced, group N were received 10 μg·kg-1·d-1 rhNRG1 intravenous injection for 7 consecutive days, while group C and D were received vehicle(saline). 4 weeks after NRG1 intervention, the MWT and the morphological changes of the dorsal root ganglion and sural nerve were observed. Meanwhile, western blotting was used to detect the expression of NGF, IL-1β,TNF-α in spinal cord. Results: Compared with group D, administration of NRG1 significantly attenuated the development of mechanical allodynia in diabetic rats(P<0.05), and the pathological changes of dorsal root ganglion and sural nerve were alleviated. The expression of NRG1, NGF, IL-1β and TNF-α in group D were(0.337 ±0.092),(0.371 ±0.060),(0.619 ±0.089),(0.752 ±0.071)respectively, and compared with group C, there were statistical differences(P<0.05); The expression of NGF, IL-1β and TNF-α in group N were(0.576±0.061),(0.375±0.029),(0.524±0.056)respectively, and compared with group D, there were statistical differences(P<0.05). Conclusion: NRG1 exerted positive effects on the behavioral and pathological changes of STZ-induced diabetic rats, the underlying mechanism might be related to the promotion of NGF excretion and the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines excretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects ofDanhong injection (DHI) on cardiomyocyte apoptosisand related molecular mechanismsin rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: 40 male Sprague-Dawleyrats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham-operated group; MI+ saline group; MI+ DHI 0.5 mL/kg group; MI+ DHI 1mL/kg group; MI+ DHI 2mL/kg group, and acuteMIwere induced by ligation of left anteriordescending coronary artery. After intravenous injection for 7 days, the cardiac function of ratswasassessed by echocardiography. Then the cardiomyocyte apoptosis index was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technology, and the expression of B-cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), Cleaved cysteine aspartate protease-3 (Caspase-3), and phosphorylation levels of Januskinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducerand activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)inmyocardiumwere determined by western blot analysis. Results: DHI restored cardiac function evidenced by increases of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS)in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis induced by ischemia injury. Furthermore, DHI increased Bcl-2 expression, while decreased Bax and active caspase-3 expression. The phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3was also upregulated by DHI.Conclusion: DHI couldsignificantly improve left ventricular function of MI rats, and inhibit ischemia-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. These beneficial effects may be associated with the regulation of apoptosis related gene and JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the efficacy of reteplase combined with butylphthalide in treatment of acute cerebral infarction in the elderly and its effect on inflammatory factors. METHODS: 150 elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted into the No.2 Hospital of Baoding from Jan. 2017 to Jun. 2018 were selected and divided into reteplase group and combination group via random number table, with 75 cases in each group. Both groups were given conventional therapy, on that basis, reteplase group was given reteplase for intravenous injection, while the combination group was given reteplase combined with butylphthalide. The volumes of cerebral infarction, scores of neurologic function, scores of self-care ability, malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide chymase(SOD), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8), C-reactive protein(CPR), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), protein kinase(MAPK), protein kinase A(PKA)/arachidonic acid(AA) levels and incidences of adverse drug reactions of two groups were observed. RESULTS: After treatment, the volume of cerebral infarction and score of neurologic function of combination group were significantly lower than those of reteplase group, while the score of self-care ability was significantly higher than the reteplase group; the SOD level of combination group was significantly higher than that of the reteplase group, while the MDA level was significantly lower than the reteplase group; the IL-6, IL-8 and CRP levels of combination group were significantly lower than those of the reteplase group; the VEGF, MAPK and PKA/AA levels of combination group were significantly lower than those of the reteplase group, all with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The incidences of adverse drug reactions of combination group and reteplase group were respectively 5.33%(4/75) and 6.67%(5/75), the difference had no statistical significance(P>0.05). The total effective rate of combination group was 93.33%(70/75), which was significantly higher than that of the reteplase group(82.67%, 62/75), with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of reteplase and butylphthalide can reduce the volume of cerebral infarction for elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction, improve inflammatory factor levels and protect brain tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the preventive effect of Carboprost Tromethamine Injection combined with oxytocin on the postpartum hemorrhage of cesarean section and its effects on the fibrinogen(FIB) and D-dimer(D-D). Methods: 92 cases of patients with cesarean section who were treated from January 2014 to October 2016 in our hospital were selected. According to random number table,those patients were divided into the observation group(n=46) and the control group(n=46). The control group was given oxytocin after delivery of fetus intrauterine injection and intravenous drip, the observation group was firstly given oxytocin intrauterine injection, and then the injection of Carboprost Tromethamine into the uterine wall after delivery of fetus. The postpartum hemorrhage, contraction duration, descending rate of uterine fundus, the duration of lochia, FIB, D-D levels and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the bleeding volume at 2 h and 24 h after delivery and the postpartum hemorrhage rate in the observation group were significantly lower(P<0.05), the contraction duration was longer(P<0.05), the descending rate of uterine fundus was faster(P<0.05), the duration of lochia was significantly shorter(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the FIB and D-D before treatment between the two groups(P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of FIB and D-D in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05), and the levels of FIB and D-D in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting, facial flushing, chest tightness and headache(P>0.05). Conclusion: Carboprost Tromethamine Injection combined with oxytocin could effectively reduce the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage with high safety, which might be related to the decrease of FIB, D-D levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of Shenmai injection combined with batroxobin in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: 98 cases of patients with acute myocardial infarction who were treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was given intravenous alteplase 100 mg, 90 min infusion is completed, the first intravenous injection of 15 mg, and 50 mg intravenous infusion of alteplase in 30 min, finally intravenous infusion of35 mg in 60 min, once a day. The observation group was treated with intravenous injection of Shenmai injection, 100 mL each time, once a day. The clinical effects, changes of the left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end diastolic diameter, left ventricular posterior wall thickness and other cardiac functions, serum TnI, CK-MB, SOD, ET-1 levels were detected and compared before and after half a year follow-up between two groups, the prognosis of two groups were observed and compared. Results: After treatment, the effective rate of observation group was 91.83%(45/49), which was significantly higher than that of the control group[71.43%(35/49)](P<0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end diastolic diameter, and left posterior wall thickness of both groups were significantly improved after treatment(P<0.05), which improved better than those of the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of Tn I, CK-MB and ET-1 of both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05), and the serum levels of SOD were significantly increased(P<0.05), which improved more obviously in the observation group than those of control group(P<0.05). The incidence of reinfarction, post infarction angina pectoris and coronary thrombosis of observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05), and the incidence of recanalization was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions:The clinical effect and safety of Shenmai injection combined with batroxobin in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction weer better than batroxobin alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of ulinastatin in the treatment of severe stroke associated pneumonia and its effect on serum inflammatory factors. Methods: 96 cases of patients with severe stroke associated pneumonia in our hospital from January 2015 to June 2017 were selected and randomlydivided into three groups. The control group was treated with mechanical ventilation,anti infection, expectorant, nutritional support, fluid replacement and other conventional treatment. The observation group A(low-dose group) was given intravenous injection of ulinastatin(0.3 million U/Kg, 8 h) on the basis of routine treatment. The observation group B(high-dose group) was given intravenous injection of ulinastatin(1.2 million U/Kg, 8 h) on the basis of routine treatment. Both groups were treated continuously for 7 days after admission. The hospitalization time, relief time of cough, recovery time of body temperature,rales disappearance time, changes of the serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and high mobility group box-1(HMGB1) levels before and after treatment were compared among three groups. Results: After treatment, the effective rate of observation group A and B were 91.67 % and 95.84%, which were significantly higher than that of the control group 70.83 %(P<0.05). The hospitalization time, relief time of cough, recovery time of body temperature, rales disappearance time of observation group A and B were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05). The levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-23 in the observation A and B groups were significantly lower than those in the control group after the treatment(P<0.05). The levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-23 in the observation group B were significantly lower than those in the observation A after the treatment(P<0.05). Conclusions: Ulinastatin can accelerate the recovery of patients with stroke-associated pneumonia, which may be related to the decrease of serum inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and HMGB-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate protective effect of leosimendan on the myocardial injury in patients with septic shock.Methods: 149 cases with septic shock from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2017 in our hospital were chosen, who were divided into the observation group(73 cases) and control group(76 cases), the control group were given routine treatment and intravenous administration of dobutamine for 48 h, the observation group were given routine treatment, intravenous injection of dobutamine for 24 h and intravenous injection of leosimendan for 24 h. The cardiac function parameters, hemodynamic index, troponin, lactate, norepinephrine, mechanical ventilation and ICU mortality of two groups were compared. Results: Before treatment, the left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular diastolic final volume index and left ventricular systolic final volume index of two groups had no significant different(P>0.05). After treatment, the cardiac function parameters were got improved in the observation group(P<0.05), while there was no defference in the control group(P>0.05). The cardiac output, each stroke index, left ventricle per beat index in observation group were all higher than control group, while the central venous pressure were lower than control group(P<0.05). The troponin and lactate levels after treatment were all lower than before treatment, while the observation group was obvious lower than control group(P<0.05), the total amount of norepinephrine, mechanical ventilation and ICU mortality between groups had no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion: Leosimendan had myocardial protective effect on patients with septic shock, which could improve the heart function, optimize hemodynamics, while have could not decrease the ICU mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a common hepatic infectious disease. Early, sufficient intravenous injection of sensitive antibiotics combined with percutaneous drainage has led to a decrease in the mortality of PLA in recent years. And clinicians can diagnose and locate the disease quickly with the help of imaging modalities. The changes in pathogens and their drug resistance have gradually become a new focus of research. This article analyzes the literature on PLA in recent years and, with reference to the authors′ experience in clinical practice, reviews the diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of PLA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aging of the tissue and organisms is generally regarded as an irreversible process． However，recent studies have found that after intravenous injection and parabiosis，the young blood has the effect on anti-aging． Now，related researches have made a lot of progress in the aspect of immunity，neurology，endocrine，etc． As a powerful pattern to establish the systemic circulation between two individual，parabiosis has broad application foreground． This article was carried out on the history， mechanism，application，development，and foreground of the"parabiosis model"． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE :To probe into the rules and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR) reported by Zhaoqing the First People’s Hospital (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”), so as to promote the rational drug use in clinic.METHODS: 536 cases of ADR reports reported by our hospital from Jan.2015 to Sept.2016 were extracted to be statistically analyzed in terms of patients’ age and gender, department distribution, types distribution, ADR-inducing route of administration, drug categories and types of antibiotics, ADR involved organs and (or) systems and clinical manifestations.RESULTS: Of the 536 ADR cases, there were more females than males, patients aged 0-10 years and over 60 yearn old had significantly higher rates of ADR than those of other ages.The number of cases in inpatient department was significantly larger than that in outpatient department.Of the inpatient department, the number of cases in non-operation department was larger than that of operation department.The general ADR was 305 cases (56.90%), and the new general ADR was 208 cases (38.81%).The main route of administration was intravenous drip (425 cases, 79.29%), followed by intravenous injections (58 cases, 10.28%) and oral administration (31 cases, 5.78%).Of the 536 ADR cases, 15 categories and 124 spices were involved.ADR induced by antibiotics took the lead, followed by traditional Chinese preparation.Of the 33 kinds of antibiotics, ADR induced by cephalosporins, penicillins and fluoroquinolones were relatively common.ADR mainly involved skin and its accessories (239 cases, 44.59%).followed by general damage (91 cases, 16.98%) and digestive system (59 cases, 1 1.01%).CONCLUSIONS: ADR can be induced by various factors, the clinic should pay much attention to improve the ADR monitoring, so as to promote the rational drug use in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effect of dexamethasone in preventing adverse transfusion reactions. METHODS: 325 patients undergoing transfusion treatment admitted into Yidu the First People's Hospital from Oct. 2014 to May 2016 were selected to be divided into observation group(168 cases)and control group(157 cases) via the random number table. The control group received no treatment before transfusion, while the observation group was given 5-10 mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection intravenously. The incidence of adverse drug reactions of two groups were observed, the differences of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), platelet count (PLT), contents of serum K+ concentration and serum Ca+ concentration between two groups before and alter treatment were compared. RESULTS; During transfusion and alter transfusion, the incidence of adverse chug reactions of observation group was lower than that of the control group, without statistically significant difference(P >0. 05). After treatment, the PT, TT and APTT of both group were significantly higher than those of before treatment, the FIB, PLT and content of Ca+ were significantly lower than those of before treatment, with statistically significant difference (P < 0. 05). After treatment, the FIB and contents of Ca+ of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P <0.05); there was no statistical significance in the differences of other indices(P >0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of glucocorticoid like dexamethasone before transfusion can reduce the occurrence of fever and allergy in a certain degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: Peripheral intravenous catheter insertion is a significant source of stress for preschoolers during hospitalization. An average of about 85% of pediatric patients at our general pediatric unit are preschoolers. An average 71% of these exhibit severe pain-related behavior during intravenous insertions. The factors influencing this pain experience may include inappropriate administration of analgesics by nurses, non-pharmacologic pain management, and inappropriate clinical settings. Purpose: This project worked to develop a strategy to reduce the incidence of severe injection pain in preschool children from 71.0% to 36.0% and to achieve a capacity improvement target of 50%. Resolutions: We implemented the following: 1) arranged a relevant training program for pediatric nurses; 2) revised hospital standards for pediatric intravenous insertions; and 3) enhanced analgesic administration and non-pharmacologic pain management through creating child-friendly clinical settings and providing interactive toys. Results: After implementing the abovementioned interventions, the incidence of severe pain-related behavior in pediatric patients decreased from 71.0% to 19.7%, a result that greatly exceeded expectations. Conclusions: This project demonstrated an effective approach to reducing severe intravenous-insertion pain in pre-schoolers and increasing pediatric care quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of rapamycin (RAPA) on liver function in rat liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Rat liver ischemia-reperfusion model was established. Sham group only underwent abdomen opening and dissection of the hepatic portal after anesthesia while operation group had blood supply blocked. RAPA group had intravenousinjection of 5 mg/kg slowly 5 min before liver ischemia and reperfusion. Rats in sham group and operation group were given normal saline of the same volume. At 2, 6 and 24 h after reperfusion, each group had peripheral serum tested for liver function and liver specimen pathology detected. Results ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-ɑ and IL-1 at different times were significantly higher in operation group and RAPA group than in sham group (P<0.05). ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-ɑ and IL-1 at different times were lower in RAPA group than in operation group (P<0.05). In operation group, ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-ɑ and IL-1 at 24 h were higher than those at 2 h and 6 h (P<0.05) . ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-ɑ and IL-1 at 6h were higher than those at 2 h (P<0.05). In RAPA group, ALT, AST, TNF-ɑ and IL-1 at 6 h and 24 h were higher than those at 2 h (P<0. 05). SOD activity was lower in operation group and RAPA group than in sham group. SOD at 6 h and 24 h was (51.42±5.19) IU/L and (49. 11±5. 07)IU/L in operation group and (59. 17±5. 62)IU/L and (58. 34 ±5. 20)IU/L in RAPA group, respectively, which were higher than those at 2 h (P<0.05). Conclusion RAPA can effectively improve hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and thus has a significanlly protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of iodinated radiographic contrast media (RCM) has increased recently because of the number of computed tomography examinations using RCM is increasing rapidly. The awareness regarding potential adverse reactions due to contrast media and the necessary precautions to be taken is of utmost importance both for radiologists and referring physicians since the adverse reactions including hypersensitivity reactions to RCM are still unpredictable and reported in significantly increasing number among exposed patients year by year. In 2011, Korean guideline for the safe use of RCM was published by the Korean Society of Radiology and Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology. On behalf of these organizations a committee named Korean Network of Allergists & Radiologists for Research of Radio-contrast Media-associated Adverse Reactions (KOAR3A) was formed and collaborated to develop guidelines. Its major purpose is to provide a clinically practical and evidence-based manual full of useful information regarding patient screening, premedication, recognition of adverse reactions, and emergency treatment of such reactions in daily practice as well as other problems, especially kidney toxicity and endocrine problems in consultation with the corresponding medical specialists [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]