(1) Background--In the critical period of ecological civilization construction, the forest resources governance system with Chinese characteristics should not only meet the new requirements of promoting harmonious coexistence between man and nature, but also ensure that the governance results effectively and fairly benefit a wider range of people. From a global perspective, government regulation, market readjustment and community participation are the three major paths of forest resources governance. For China, forest resources governance is often faced with the double failure of government and market mechanism. The Chinese government has gradually realized the importance of multiple-subjects participation in forest resources governance, and especially emphasized the unique role of communities in local forest resources governance. (2) Methods--In this paper, X Village in a city in Northeast China was selected as the research object, and the research data was collected from X Village, relevant government departments, enterprises and social organizations obtained by the research group through participant observation, semi-structured interviews and collection of secondhand data from 2018 to 2022. Based on the selective control theory, Elinor Ostrom's multi-level analysis framework and Institutional Analysis and Development framework (IAD), this paper adopted the single case study method to encode and analyze the field data from three aspects: institutional arrangements at the community level, institutional arrangements at the government level and natural resource conditions, and integrated them in the IAD framework to reveal the formal and informal interaction between grassroots governments and communities and its impact on forest resources governance. (3) Results--Under the double pressure of politics and economy, the grass-roots governments formulated differentiated policies and norms, property rights arrangements and supervision systems for different forest resources. Specifically, due to the differences in the perception of the value and function of forest resources, the grass-roots governments developed differentiated policies and management strategies. The government regulations on the exclusivity and use of different forest resources led to the selective property rights arrangements. In addition, the differences in the degree of information acquisition and the assessment of punishment for management failures constituted a selective supervision mechanism. Finally, under the joint action of these factors, the community forest resources governance presented a state of classified management. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--In order to understand and promote the formation of a new forest resources governance system, it is necessary to recognize the principal status of the community in forest resources governance. Therefore, the grass-roots governments need to change their roles. While maintaining the leading position in forest resources governance, they also need to assume the role of service provider responsible for the community, guide the community to achieve eco-friendly and sustainable development, and solve the problems in information acquisition, property rights arrangement and system management in forest resources governance. At the same time, the grass-roots governments should also actively guide governance subjects such as research institutions, enterprises, and non-governmental organizations to participate in the community forest resources governance, centering on the core relationship of "government-community", and give play to the complementary advan-tages of multiple subjects in technology, capital, information and other aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]