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The amygdala is an important brain region, where inhibitory neurons play key roles in the modulation of anxiety. The major subregions of the amygdala, including the basolateral amygdala （BLA） and the central amygdala （CeA）, have different subtypes of inhibitory neurons that are categorized by specific protein expressions. Understanding how these inhibitory neuron subtypes regulate anxiety is important for identifying the neurological basis of anxiety disorders. However, little progress has been made in this regard due to the limitations of experimental techniques. The development and application of genetic engineering and optogenetics in the field of neuroscience enables precise manipulation of the activity and investigation of the function of a locally dense group of neurons expressing the same biomarker. Moreover, they provide effective methods for the functional study of different subtypes of inhibitory neurons in the amygdala. This study presents a literature review on inhibitory neurons in the amygdala in anxiety and, in particular, the neuronal activity and molecular mechanisms that modulate anxiety, to promote a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying anxiety and provide new strategies for the treatment of associated disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]