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In order to explored the effects of different vegetation coverage on soil humus in Chagan Lake wetland, taking Chagan Lake wetland as the research object, from the perspective of the response relationship between soil environment and plants, the changes of soil humus carbon content and its infrared spectral structure characteristics of different profiles and five different vegetation types (reed + cattail, reed + moss, calymphus, paspalum, reed) were analyzed. The results show that the contents of humus carbon, humic acid carbon and fulvic acid carbon in the deep layer are larger than those in the shallow layer, and the contents of humin carbon are much smaller than those in the humic acid carbon and fulvic acid carbon. The soil depth has significant effect on the humus components, and the humus carbon content in the soil of different vegetation shows a trend of reed > paspalum > calcareous grass > reed cattail > reed moss. Humic acid and fulvic acid have similar chemical structure and same functional groups in different vegetation soils. The results of the study have certain theoretical and practical significance to reveal the formation and transformation of soil humus in saline-alkali wetland, and provide basic data and scientific guidance for soil environment restoration and screening of dominant vegetation in Chagan Lake saline-alkali wetland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]