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Objective: To understand the situation and epidemic characteristics of injury deaths among children aged 5 to 24 years in Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2021 and the trend of annual changes. Methods: The main injury mortality data of children and adolescents was collected, and the crude and standardized mortality rates of road traffic accidents, drowning, suicide, and accidental falls among children and adolescents over a decade and the annual average percentage of change (AAPC) were calculated. The main injury mortality characteristics and trends of children and adolescents of different age groups and genders were analyzed. Results: The total number of injury deaths among 5 to 24 adolescents in Jiangsu Province was 16 052, with a standardized mortality rate of 9.58/100 000. There was no significant trend in the overall standardized mortality rate of injuries (AAPC=-3.450%, P =0.055). The standardized mortality rate of road traffic injuries among children and adolescents showed a decreasing trend over the past decade, with statistical significance (AAPC=-9.406%, P <0.001). The standardized suicide mortality rate showed an upward trend over the past decade, with statistical significance (AAPC=9.000%, P =0.001). The overall injury mortality rate showed an upward trend with age. Suicide rates in males and females were on the rise and both have statistical significance (AAPC=9.420% and AAPC=9.607%, both P <0.05). The standardized mortality rates of female traffic accidents, drowning, and male traffic accidents showed a decreasing trend and were statistically significant (AAPC for female traffic accidents=-7.364%, AAPC for female drowning=-5.352%, and AAPC for male traffic accidents=-10.242%, all P <0.05). The standardized mortality rate of urban and rural traffic accidents showed a decreasing trend and was statistically significant(AAPC=-7.899% and AAPC=-9.421%, both P <0.001). The standardized suicide mortality rate showed an upward trend and statistical significance (AAPC=11.009% and AAPC=7.528%, both P <0.05). Conclusions: The overall injury situation of children and adolescents in Jiangsu Province improved in the past decade from 2012 to 2021, but the suicide mortality rate was on the rise. It is necessary to focus on the mental health issues of this age group and to strengthen the prevention and control of suicide among children and adolescents, in Jiangsu.

In light of the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), the future of the nursing profession is expected to be closely intertwined with AI applications. In response to this challenge, nursing educators must cultivate AI literacy in students to ensure their ability to communicate and collaborate effectively with their interdisciplinary peers. Nursing educators should comprehend the essence of AI literacy, integrate AI literacy into their curriculum designs, and regularly assess the effectiveness of AI literacy cultivation efforts among their students to ensure nursing graduates are able to effectively fulfill their roles in nursing and healthcare. The purpose of this paper is to explain the essence of AI literacy, approaches for cultivating AI literacy in students, and methods for assessing AI literacy with the aim of educating nursing students to become competent nurses for tomorrow.

Background: Outpatient clinics in medical centers are the most common location where people seek medical treatment. Because they must provide patients with treatment information in a timely manner, good communication skills are a key competency for outpatient nurses. However, the tools available for communication behavior assessment are general and rarely tailored for outpatient settings., Purpose: The purpose was to develop a communication behavior inventory for outpatient nurses and to examine its reliability and validity., Methods: During phase one, the authors conducted a literature search and synthesis, using the findings to develop the Outpatient Nurses Communication Behavior Inventory. During phase two, two expert validation rounds were conducted to confirm content validity. During phase three, 220 licensed outpatient nurses were recruited from a medical center in northern Taiwan to complete the instrument (December 2018 - January 2019.) The construct validity and internal consistency of the inventory were evaluated., Results: The literature search and synthesis identified six domains of communication, including connect, introduce, communicate, ask, respond, and exit. A total of 25 items were generated. Following the two expert panel validation rounds, the six domains remained but the inventory items were reduced to 21. Both item-content validity index and scale-level content validity index were 1.0. In phase three, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis retained six factors with a total of 16 items. Model three showed that the inventory demonstrated goodness of fit (Χ ² = 155.75, p < .001, RMSEA = .06, GFI = .92, AGFI = .87, NNFI = .97, NFI = .95, Model AIC = 253.75). Internal consistency was demonstrated with a Cronbach's α of .89., Conclusions / Implications for Practice: The Outpatient Nurses Communication Behavior Inventory exhibits good reliability and validity and may be used to assess outpatient nurses' communication behaviors and as a basis for education. The six CICARE (connect, introduce, communicate, ask, respond and exit) domains may be utilized to remind outpatient nurses to demonstrate effective communication consistently, promote outpatient nurses' communication with patients, and improve quality of care.

Objective: To investigate the correlation of iron metabolic parameters with platelet counts in blood donors., Methods: A total of 400 blood donors who met requirements of apheresis platelet donation were collected, and their hematological parameters were analyzed. The donors were divided into low ferritin group and normal group, the differences of hematological parameters between the two groups were compared, and the correlation of iron metabolic parameters and routine hematology parameters with platelet counts were analyzed., Results: Whether male or female, low ferritin group had higher platelet counts than normal group ( P < 0.01). Among the iron metabolic parameters, the platelet counts was negatively correlated with serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI), and transferrin saturation (TSAT) ( r =-0.162, r =-0.153, r =-0.256), and positively correlated with total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) ( r =0.219, r =0.294) in female blood donors. Platelet counts was also negatively correlated with SF, SI and TSAT ( r =-0.188, r =-0.148, r =-0.224) and positively correlated with UIBC ( r =0.220) in male blood donors. Among the routine hematology parameters, platelet counts was negatively correlated with mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) in female blood donors ( r =-0.236, r =-0.267, r =-0.213, r =-0.284). Platelet counts was also negatively correlated with MCH, MCHC and Ret-He in male blood donors ( r =-0.184, r =-0.221, r =-0.209)., Conclusion: In blood donors with low C-reactive protein level, the lower the iron store capacity, the lower the iron utilization, and the platelet counts tends to rise.

Objective: To investigate the familial heritability of endometriosis and to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with or without a family history of endometriosis. Methods: From January 2020 to June 2022, 850 patients with endometriosis confirmed by laparotomy or laparoscopy in Peking University Third Hospital were included in this study. Clinical data were collected, family history was followed up, and the differences of clinical indicators between patients with and without family history of endometriosis were compared. Results: A total of 850 patients were enrolled, with an average age of (33.8±7.0) years old, 315 (37.1%, 315/850) patients in stage Ⅲ and 496 (58.4%, 496/850) patients in stage Ⅳ. There were 100 patients with family history of endometriosis, accounting for 11.8% (100/850). Most of the 113 relatives involved were mothers, daughters and sisters (76.1%, 86/113), 81.5% (22/27) of the second and third degree relatives were maternal relatives. The median ages of patients with and without family history of endometriosis were 30 and 33 years old respectively at the time of diagnosis. The unmarried rate of patients with family history was higher [42.0% (42/100) vs 26.3% (197/750)]. The percentage of dysmenorrhea patients with family history was higher [89.0% (89/100) vs 55.5% (416/750)]. The medians of dysmenorrhea score in patients with and without family history were 6 and 2, and the median durations of dysmenorrhea were 10 and 1 years. There were significant differences in age, marital status, percentage of dysmenorrhea, dysmenorrhea score and duration (all P <0.001). The median levels of serum cancer antigen (CA) 125 in patients with family history and patients without family history at the time of diagnosis were 57.5 and 46.9 kU/L respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( P <0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in nationality, bady mass index, menarche age, menstrual cycle, menstrual period, menstrual volume, serum CA 19-9 level, cyst location and size, stage, history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth, infertility, adenomyosis and deep infiltrating endometriosis (all P >0.05). By comparing the specific conditions of dysmenorrhea patients with and without family history of endometriosis, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the age of onset of dysmenorrhea, duration of dysmenorrhea, primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, and progressive aggravation of dysmenorrhea (all P >0.05). The difference in the degree of dysmenorrhea in dysmenorrhea patients with family history of endometriosis was significant ( P <0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of endometriosis has a familial tendency, and most of the involved relatives are the first degree relatives. Compared with patients without family history of endometriosis, endometriosis patients with family history are diagnosed at an earlier age, with higher percentage of dysmenorrhea, had more severe dysmenorrhea and higher serum CA 125 level.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of antiretrovirals on cardiovascular function and some biochemical indexes in gestational female rats. Methods: Nineteen 9-week-old female and six 10-week-old male SD rats were divided into normal control group (CON) and highly active antiretroviral therapy group (HARRT), 9/10 female rats and 3 male rats were combined into one cage, totally 2 cages. Female rats in CON group were intragastrically given with normal saline (NS, 10 ml/kg) every morning and evening, while female rats in HARRT group were treated with equal volume antiretrovirals (AZT 31.25 mg/kg + 3TC 15.63 mg/kg + LPV/r (41.67/10.42) mg/kg) for 3 months. The body weight and survival rate of female rats were recorded. Echocardiography and multichannel physiological recorder were used to detect arterial blood pressure and cardiac hemodynamic parameters. The levels of blood glucose, blood lipids, myocardial enzymes and liver enzymes were detected by corresponding kits. Myocardial collagen fibers were observed by Masson staining and the ultrastructure of myocardial cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: All female rats in CON group survived (9/9), while only 6 rats in HARRT group survived (6/10). Compared with CON group, the body weight of female rats in HAART group was decreased significantly( P ＜0.01); the levels of left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDd), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), thickness of left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWT) , left atrial diameter (LAD) and arterial diastolic pressure were increased significantly ( P ＜0.05); the level of LVP+dP/dtmax was decreased ( P ＜0.01). The levels of triglyceride, creatine kinase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were decreased ( P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01), while the level of glucose was increased ( P ＜0.05). The collagen fibers were increased in myocardial tissue, and ultrastructure of myocardial cells was abnormal. Conclusion: Antiretrovirals during gestation can cause cardiovascular diseases in female rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in amygdala on depression-like behaviors in rats using chronic restraint stress (CRS) as a model of depression., Methods: Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups ( n =10 per group): control group (Control), chronic restraint stress group (CRS), CRS + fluoxetine-treated group (CRS + FLU), CRS + saline-treated group (CRS + NaCl), CRS + SIRT1-overexpression group (CRS + AAV-SIRT1), and CRS + empty vector group (CRS + AAV-EGFP). Except for the control group, rats from the other groups were exposed to chronic restraint stress for 21 days. After the modeling, rats in fluoxetine-treated group and saline-treated group were, respectively, treated with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) or saline (10 mg/kg) by gavage every day for 3 weeks; AAV-SIRT1 or AAV-EGFP was, respectively, stereotaxically injected into the amygdala of rats in SIRT1-overexpression group and empty vector group, and the virus was expressed for 3 weeks. Rats in normal control group and CRS model group were not given any drug treatment. The depression-like behaviors of rats in each group were evaluated by sugar preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST). SIRT1 expression in amygdala of rats was assessed by using immunoblot blotting. The number of SIRT1-positive cells in amygdala of rats was detected by immunofluorescence technique., Results: Compared with the normal control group, the level of SIRT1 protein and the number of SIRT1 + cells in amygdala of the CRS-exposed rats were decreased significantly ( P ＜0.01), and CRS-exposed rats showed a significant decrease in sucrose preference ( P ＜0.01), less total horizontal distance ( P ＜0.01) and less time entered the center field ( P ＜0.01) in the OFT, a significant increase in the immobility time of the FST ( P ＜0.01). Fluoxetine treatment ( P ＜0.05, P ＜0.01) or SIRT1 overexpression ( P ＜0.01) partially reversed the down-regulation of SIRT1 protein and SIRT1 + cells in amygdala of CRS-exposed rats and significantly improved the depression-like behaviors of CRS rats., Conclusion: Fluoxetine treatment partially reversed the down-regulation of SIRT1 level and the number of SIRT1 + in CRS rats, and significantly improved the depression-like behaviors. The antidepressant effect of fluoxetine treatment may be related to the up-regulation of SIRT1 in the amygdala of CRS-exposed rats.

Cancer, the primary cause of death in Taiwan for 40 years, remains a disease that cannot be completely controlled by modern medicine. Although medical techniques are improving, involving family caregivers in the treatment of patients with cancer is very important to improving treatment outcomes. Family caregivers participate in the treatment process and help ensure treatment compliance and care continuity for patients. Cancer represents a major crisis not only for patients but also for their primary family caregivers. Family members often serve as informal caregivers to patients with cancer while also dealing with the related medical costs and physical and psychological burdens (Seo & Park, 2019). Providing care and support for family members is an extraordinary challenge during the treatment journey. Many family caregivers ignore their own needs and emotions, and focus their full attention on their beloved family members with cancer. However, this situation may impact their health-related quality of life (Abbasi et al., 2020). Cancer patients and family caregivers often have unmet needs related to cancer care, psychosocial health, daily activities, social life, and cancer-treatment knowledge (Tang, 2019; Wang et al., 2018). The important role shouldered by family caregivers is significantly related to their unmet needs and loadings, which may negatively impact their quality of life and care-delivery ability (Abbasi et al., 2020; Mirsoleymani et al., 2017). Therefore, healthcare providers should intervene to reduce both the burden on family caregivers and the indirect, negative impact on the health-related quality of life of care recipients. In light of the above, we have invited four experts in cancer nursing to share articles in this issue on patients and their family caregivers dealing with pancreatic, pediatric, and gynecological cancers as well as on the topic of cancer immunotherapy. We hope professional nurses and medical health caregivers obtain new and useful information from these articles and apply it in clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of one patient with abnormal serological phenotype in RhD and discuss the transfusion strategy., Methods: The RhD variant sample was screened from a patient with IgM type anti-D antibody and further determined by three different sources of anti-D antibodies. Ten exons and the adjacent introns of the RHD gene were amplified, purified and sequenced. RhCE phenotypes and RHCE genotypes were detected., Results: The patient with Rh variant showed abnormal results of serological tests. The RHD gene sequence analysis showed that the RHD*01W.01 with a variation (c.809T>G, p.Val270Gly) in exon 6 of the RHD gene was found in the patient. The RhCE phenotype was CcEe. The genotyping results of RHCE were consistent with the serological typing results., Conclusion: The Rh variant of the patient is RHD*01W.01, these findings indicate that RhD variants should be analyzed by molecular assays for the sake of safe transfusion.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of the bipolar tweezers-clamp for the hepatic parenchymal transection in the resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: From January 2020 to January 2021,63 patients with the hepatocellular carcinoma for hepatectomy at Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery,Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different instruments used in the hepatic parenchymal transection,the patients were divided into bipolar tweezers-clamp group and ultrasonic scalpel group.There were 32 patients in bipolar tweezers-clamp group,with age of (55.5±10.5)years(range:37 to 78 years),including 22 males and 10 females,tumor size was (6.0±3.4)cm(range:2.4 to 13.4 cm). There were 6 patients with portal vein tumor thrombus and 5 patients with portal hypertension. There were 31 patients in ultrasonic scalpel group,with aged(57.8±10.1)years(range:37 to 79 years),including 27males and 4 females,tumor size was(7.9±5.1)cm(range: 2.4 to 21.3 cm),3 patients with portal vein tumor thrombus and 2 patients with portal hypertension. The preoperative baseline data,operation time,blood loss,postoperative liver function and the complications were compared between two groups using t test,χ 2 test and Fisher exact probabilityrespectively. Results: The operation was successfully completed in both groups.Compared with the ultrasonic scalpel group,the operation time was significantly shorter((219.3±76.4)minutes vs. (294.0±100.8)minutes, t =-3.322, P= 0.002),the blood loss was less((250(475)ml vs. 500(1 050)ml ,t =-2.307, P= 0.026),the concentrate red blood cells transfusion volume was less(0.92(0.88)U vs. 2.32(4.00)U, Z =-1.987, P =0.047) in the bipolar tweezers-clamp group.The postoperative serum ALB level was higher in the bipolar tweezers-clamp group than that in the ultrasonic scalpel group((33.5±6.1)g/L vs. (29.5±4.2)g/L, t =3.226, P =0.020) on postoperative day 1;((35.7±4.5)g/L vs. (30.1±3.2)g/L, t =5.575, P <0.01) on postoperative day 3;((33.2±3.7)g/L vs. (31.0±4.4)g/L, t =3.020, P =0.004) on postoperative day 7. There was no significant difference in serum ALT,TBIL and PT level between the two groups(all P> 0.05).No postoperative bile leakage occurred in both groups.The postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases(25.0%)in the bipolar tweezers-clamp group,including liver failure in one,and in 11 cases(35.5%)in the ultrasonic scalpel group,including liver failure in two( P >0.05). Conclusion: The bipolar tweezers-clamp is a safe and reliable method for the hepatic parenchymal transaction,which is quick and less bleeding during the hepatic resection.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic value of liver function in a large samples of patients with anti-glycoprotein 210 (gp210 antibody) positive primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 931 PBC cases in Beijing You'an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from 2010 to 2019. According to the detection of gp210 antibody, 318 cases were divided into gp210 antibody positive group (positive group) and 613 cases were divided into gp210 antibody negative group (negative group). The differences in demographic, medical history, clinical indicators, B-ultrasound and pathological indicators as well as the histopathological basis were compared between the two groups. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Measurement data were analyzed by t-test or rank sum test, and enumeration data by χ 2 test. Multivariate analysis was used for logistic test, and and survival analysis was used for prognosis. Results: The positive and the negative groups were compared. The ratio of male to female was significantly higher in positive than negative group (1:5.35 vs . 1:9.73, P ＜0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. The proportion of hormone use in history of past diagnosed and treated was higher in positive than negative group (12.9% vs . 3.47%, P ＜0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. The detection of biochemical indexes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were higher in positive than the negative group (51.1 U/L vs . 41.1 U/L, 62.6 U/L vs . 49.6 U/L, 24.1 μmol/L vs . 17.9 μmol/L, 228.3 U/L vs . 169.6 U/L, 203.9 U/L vs . 147.6 U/L), ( P ＜0.05), and the differences were statistically significant. Antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive rate, high titer ratio and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were higher in positive than negative group (95.2% vs . 81.6%, 69.7% vs . 48.8%, 17.2 g/L vs . 16.2 g/L), ( P ＜0.05), and the differences were statistically significant. The incidence of liver failure was higher in positive than negative group ( P ＜0.05). CK7 and inflammation score were higher in positive group than negative group in liver histopathological observations (0.83±0.53 vs . 0.28±0.47; 1.06±0.39 vs . 0.54±0.65), ( P ＜0.05), and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: The illness condition of patients with gp210 antibody positive PBC is more severe than patients with gp210 antibody negative PBC, and the incidence of liver failure is significantly increased. Cholangiocytes may be the histopathological basis of the clinical characteristics of gp210 antibody positive PBC patients.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of clinical and laboratory indexes in patients with liver disease with positive anti-liver cytosol antibody type 1 (anti-LC1), in order to provide references for clinical and differential diagnosis. Methods: The clinical data of 23 832 inpatients and outpatients with positive anti-LC1 autoantibodies detected in routine autoantibody test from January 2010 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and their clinical and laboratory indexes were compared. Western blotting was used to detect anti-LC1, anti-soluble liver antigen antibody (anti-SLA), anti-glycoprotein 210 antibodies and anti-nucleosome 100 antibodies. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-mitochondrial antibody, anti-Smooth muscle antibody (ASMA), anti-liver and kidney microsomal antibody (anti-LKM) and other autoantibodies. Normally distributed measurement data between the two groups were compared by independent-sample t-test, and the multiple groups comparison were compared by one-way analysis of variance. Non-normally distributed measurement data were compared by non-parametric rank sum test. Results: 38 anti-LC1 positive patients were detected in 23832 autoantibody tests. The age of initial diagnosis ranged from 11.0 to 84.0 (50.6 ± 16.0) years. There were 8 males (21.1%) and 30 females (78.9%). A total of 31 cases (81.6%) were positive for anti-LC1 and ANA, and the dominant karyotype was speckled pattern, accounting for 54.8%. Five cases (13.2%) were positive for ASMA, and no simultaneous positive with anti-LKM or anti-SLA. Among the 38 anti-LC1 positive patients, 9 were diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 6 with possible AIH, 6 with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), 8 with hepatitis B, 2 with hepatitis C, 1 with alcoholic liver disease, 2 with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 1 with drug-induced liver injury, 1 with hepatolenticular degeneration, and 2 with tumor. Confirmed and probable AIH cases accounted for 39.5% (15/38) of anti-LC1 positive cases. Among anti-LC1 positive patients, 47.4% (18/38) had entered the stage of liver cirrhosis. AIH group globulin level was higher than HBV group ( P = 0.006) and other disease groups ( P = 0.001). AIH group IgG level was higher than PBC group ( P = 0.027), HBV group ( P = 0.009) and other disease groups ( P = 0.004). the of the PBC group IgM level was higher than AIH group ( P = 0.003), HBV group ( P = 0.003) and other disease groups ( P = 0.006). Conclusion: Anti-LC1 is not only detected in AIH, but also observed in patients with primary biliary cholangitis, hepatitis B and C, alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, hereditary metabolic liver disease and tumor. In addition, it is mainly female gender dominance and nearly half of ANA-positive young, middle-aged and elderly patients develop liver cirrhosis. For the diagnosis of type 2 autoimmune hepatitis, whether anti-LC1 is a specific antibody needs further research, but if AIH is highly suspected, this antibody can be used as a substitute.

With the rapid advancement of information technology, artificial intelligence (AI) is being progressively utilized in various fields. The application of AI in healthcare practice is more advanced than in healthcare education. The advancement of AI is unstoppable. Nursing educators need to have a good understanding of AI to equip nursing students with the requisite knowledge to meet the needs of the AI age. The purpose of this article is to briefly describe the history of AI in education, relevant AI concepts, current applications of AI in healthcare education, dilemmas, and recommendations for the future. AI is not invincible, and it is critical to prudently evaluate and consider the related data biases and ethical issues. Nursing educators should reflect on whether we are preparing students for yesterday`s job or for the future workforce. Nursing educators need to engage in curriculum reform and gain an understanding of critical AI concepts and applications to equip nursing students with the requisite information-technology capacities to meet the needs of the AI age.

Objective: To analyze the different subtypes caused by c.721C>T substitution in the exon 7 of the ABO gene, and to investigate the related molecular mechanism of different antigens expression., Methods: ABO subtypes in 7 samples were identified by standard serological methods. The exons 6, 7, and adjacent intron of ABO gene were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and the PCR products were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing and cloning sequencing., Results: ABO subtypes phenotypes were A W (1 case), B W (3 cases), AB W (2 cases), A 2 or A int (1 case). The result showed that the 7th exon of ABO gene was c.721C>T variety based on A1.02, B1.01, and O.01.02; the alleles were AW.43（1 case）, BW.03（5 cases） and O.01.07（1 case）, ABO genotypes were ABO*AW.43/O.01.02 (1 case) , ABO*BW.03/O.01.02 (3 cases), ABO*A1.02/BW.03 (2 cases), and ABO*A2.05/O.01.07 (1 case)., Conclusion: c.721C>T substitution in the ABO gene causes p.Arg241Trp exchange resulting in the decreasing of GTA or GTB activities and weaker antigen expression. O.01.07 is a null allele which cannot form a functional catalytic enzyme has no effect on A 2 subtype antigen expression.

Objectives: To examine the efficacy of terminal branches portal vein embolization(TBPVE) for the increment of FLR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and to introduce its clinical value with transcatheter chemoembolization(TACE) in the treatment of HCC patients without surgery. Methods: One hundred and fifty HCC patients from three clinical centers of china underwent TBPVE technique from December 2016 to May 2021,including 89 males and 61 females. The average age was 51.9 years(range:18 to 79 years).One hundred and one patients were diagnosed with a background of HBV infection,including 27 patients with portal venous hypertension.TACE was performed simultaneously with TBPVE in 102 patients.Fifty-three patients underwent hepatectomy,who were subdivided into HBV positive and HBV negative groups,with TACE and without TACE groups to analyze the increment of future liver remnant (FLR), complications and survival data.These data were also analyzed in other 97 patients without hepatectomy. Results: All the patients reached adequate FLR successfully in 14 days after TBPVE including patients with portal venous hypertension.The average increment rates of FLR was 56.2% in 7 days and 57.8% in 14 days after TBPVE. There was no significant difference neither between HBV positive and HBV negative groups(7 days:(55.0±27.3)% vs. (57.8±20.9)%, t =0.885, P =0.373; 14 days:(57.3±24.6)% vs. (58.3±23.7)%; t =0.801, P =0.447),or between with TACE and without TACE groups(7 days:(62.3±26.3)% vs. (48.8±20.6)%; t =1.788, P =0.077;14 days:(64.4±25.0)% vs. (55.2±23.1)%; t =1.097, P =0.257).The morbidity and mortality rates were 20.8% and 1.9% in patients with hepatectomy.The 1-,3-year overall survival(OS) and disease-free(DFS) rates were 87.5%,64.5% and 64.7%,40.6% for patients underwent surgery.There was no significant difference of 1-,3-year OS and DFS between HBV positive and negative groups,but there were different between TACE and without TACE groups.The 1-,3-year OS for patients underwent TBPVE and TACE but without surgery were 80.1%, 53.7%. Conclusion: TBPVE is a good alternative technique for modulation of FLR for staged hepatectomy even in HBV positive HCC patients and can be applied with TACE procedure simultaneously as an option treatment for patients with no intend to surgery.

Objective: To investigate the indentification method of samples mistyped as O phenotype and to explore the precision transfusion strategy., Methods: The blood samples from donors and patients admitted in our center from 2018 to 2019 was collected. The samples with O phenotype suspected subtypes were further determined by tube test, adsorption-elution test, etc. Molecular testing was used to sequence the related blood type genes of the subjects., Results: Among 14 subjects misjudged as O, 11 different genotypes were identified, in which 3 blood donors were Ael02/O02, Bel03/O02, and one para-Bombay with B101/O02 (FUT1: h3h3; FUT2: Se 357 Se 357 ); the genotypes of 11 patients were Ael02/O01, 2 cases with Ael02/O02, Ael08/O01, Aw37/O02, Aw43/O02, Bel03/O01, 3 cases with Bel03/O02, and one case was para-Bombay with A102/B101 (FUT1: h3h3; FUT2: Se 357 Se 357 )., Conclusion: The phenotypes of Ael, Bel, Aw and para-Bombay subtypes are easily misjudged as type O. Molecular technology is helpful to identify the genotype of subtypes, and the corresponding transfusion strategies could be reasonably performed.

This study aimed to elucidate the effective components of Shengxian Decoction and its mechanism of action in treating chronic heart failure. Firstly, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS was established to identify the main chemical constituents in the rat serum after intragastric administration with Shengxian Decoction. Secondly, the absorbed components in serum were then used for the network pharmacology analysis to infer the mechanism and effective components. Targets for constituents in serum were predicted at TCMSP and Swiss-TargetPrediction database. An association network map was drawn by network visualization software Cytoscape 3.6.1. Finally, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out for the core target genes. By UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, 18 prototype compounds were definitely identified, including five compounds from Astragali Radix, four compounds from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, four compounds from Bupleuri Radix, four compounds from Cimicifugae Rhizoma, and one compound from Platycodonis Radix. Those components of Shengxian Decoction were closely associated with 13 key protein targets, including inflammatory factors, like IL6, IL1 B, TNF, PTGS2, IL10; redox enzymes CAT, HMOX1, and MPO; cardiovascular targets, like VEGFA, NOS3, and NOS2; and transmememial proteins CAV1 and INS. Network pharmacology analysis showed that the 18 compounds could be responsible for the treatment of chronic heart failure by regulating HIF-1 signaling pathways, PI3 K-Akt signaling pathways, cGMP-PKG signaling pathways, cAMP signaling pathways and TNF signaling pathways. This study provided a scientific basis for mechanism and effective ingredients of Shengxian Decoction.

Objective: To explore the reasons causing the false positive of HBsAg single-ELISA-reactive in blood donors of Jiangsu province so as to provide reference data for the return of blood donors., Methods: Serological test: HBsAg ELISA parallel detection was performed on 319 444 samples of blood donors from 2014 to 2017; the ECLIA was employed to confirm the single-ELISA-reactive (S/CO≥0.5) samples, the nucleic acid test was used to detect the HBV DNA on the all single-ELISA-reactive samples in 6/8 people mixed/single. Reagent evaluation: the Receiver-Operating-Characteristic curve (ROCC) was drawn by the ECLIA/NAT results as the gold standard, and the diagnostic performance of reagents A and B under different cut-off was evaluated., Results: A total of 227 (0.71‰) single-ELISA-reactive samples were detected among 319 444 blood donors, including 39 cases (17.2%) of positive HBsAg and 12 cases (5.3%) of positive HBV DNA; Under the maximum YI, the COI (1.0) employed by the manufacturer recommendation has a better diagnostic value than laboratory COI (0.5), and the capability of reagent A was better than that of reagent B (AUC: 0.661 vs 0.632; Youden: 0.329 vs 0.297), but the specificity of both reagents was restricted (＜60%). Under the maximum YI, the best cut-off value of reagents A and B were 2.4 and 1.4 COI, respectively. Compared with the cut-off value of manufacturer, the sensitivity of reagents A decreased by 33% and the false positive rate decreased by 60% while the sensitivity of reagent B increased by 140% and the false positive rate increased by 36%, respectively., Conclusion: The false positive of HBsAg single-ELISA-reactive in blood donors is caused by the limited specificity of ELISA reagent and the setting of COI values. According to ROCC maximum YI method, the COI can be set as 2.4 COI and (0.5-1.4) COI for reagent A and B to reduce false positive rate.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of miR-520a-3p regulating the secretion of cytokines in cervical cancer., Methods: The matching between miR-520a-3p and the NF-κB complex subunit RELA was analyzed by TargetScanHuman, and then the luciferase reporting system was used to detect whether miR-520a-3p targeted the NF-κB complex subunit RELA. After cervical cancer HELA cells stimulated by LPS, in the overexpression group or the knockout group, miR-520a-3p mimics or inhibitor were mixed with transfection reagent and dripped into HELA cells. The expression levels of colony stimulating factor (GCSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 5 (IL-5), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 19 (IL-9), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 12 p40 (IL-12 p40), interleukin 12 p70 (IL-12 p70), interleukin 13 (IL-13), interleukin 17 (IL-17), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-5 (MCP-5), small inducible cytokine A5 (RANTES), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both the overexpression group and the knockout group. Each experiment was repeated three times., Results: miR-520a-3p targeted the 3'UTR of RELA. After activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the protein expression levels of cytokines GCSF, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 p40, IL-12 p70, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MCP-5, RANTES, TNFα secreted by HELA cells of cervical cancer were increased significantly ( P ＜0.05). In the overexpression group, the protein expression level of RELA of NF-κB complex subunit was decreased, and the protein expression level of the above-mentioned cytokines secreted by HELA cells of cervical cancer were decreased ( P ＜0.05). In the knockdown group, the protein expression level of RELA, a subunit of NF-κB complex, and the protein expression level of the above-mentioned cytokines secreted by HELA cells of cervical cancer were increased ( P ＜0.05)., Conclusion: miR-520a-3p inhibits cytokine secretion in HELA cells of cervical cancer by targeting RELA, a key molecule in the NF-κB signaling pathway.

From 1987 to 2017, cardiovascular disease (CVD) had been ranking the first cause of death in Suzhou, and the mortality rate showed an upward trend annual percentage changes (APC=0.62%, P= 0.001), while the standardized mortality rate showed a downward trend (APC=-2.65%, P< 0.001). The probability of premature death of CVD declined consistently from 7.06% in 1987 to 2.00% in 2017 (APC=-4.45%, P< 0.001). When the life expectancy was set at 70, the potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR) decreased from 6.35‰ in 1987 to 3.30‰ in 2017, and the standardized PYLLR decreased from 7.30‰ to 2.68‰. When the life expectancy was set at 75, the PYLLR decreased from 10.12‰ to 5.19‰, and the standardized PYLLR decreased from 11.44‰ to 3.88‰. With the increase of years, all PYLLR and standardized PYLLR showed a significantly downward trend (APC=-2.51%--3.89%, P< 0.001).

The diabetes population continues to grow worldwide both in terms of overall numbers and rate of increase. It is estimated that 642 million people will suffer from diabetes by 2040 (International Diabetes Federation, 2017). Diabetes was ranked the fifth main cause of death in Taiwan in 2017. (Department of Statistics, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, ROC, 2019). Because of differences in the population in terms of disease cognition and disease control behaviors, despite recent advances in medicine and treatment efficacy, many diabetes patients continue to suffer from complications caused by improper blood sugar control, leading to a considerable number of subsequent health problems. Healthcare professionals, especially nurses, have critical roles to play in the health management of diabetes and metabolic-syndrome patients. In both the acute healthcare system and community homecare units, glycemic-related management of diabetes is important. We invite diabetes experts from academic and clinical practice units to share their professional knowledge and practical experiences, emphasizing patient-centered self-management principles. Related articles are expected to draw readers' attention to diabetes-related issues in order to gain new knowledge and skills related to blood sugar management.

The combination of field trial and indoor incubation experiment were conducted to examine the long-term effects of one-time application of bio-organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon (C) components, organic C mineralization, and enzyme activity in cucumber continuous cropping. Compared with CK, bio-organic fertilizer application significantly increased the content of soil organic C, activated C pool, slow-release C pool and inert C pool during four continuous cucumber planting seasons. With the increases of the number of consecutive crops, the proportion of soil inert carbon gradually increased. After four continuous seasons of cucumber planting, the cumulative and daily mineralization rate of soil organic C in the bio-organic fertilizer treatment increased by 17.3%-31.0% and 7.8%-43.0%, respectively. In the stage of cucumber ripening, bio-organic fertilizer application increased the activities of continuous soil urease, catalase, sucrose and neutral phosphatase by 10.5%-62.1%, 4.8%-25.5%, 3.9%-21.4% and 4.6%-66.4%. The activities of those four enzymes increased with the increases of the application amount of organic fertilizer. Results from the correlation and path analysis showed that the activity of the four enzymes were significantly correlated with the dynamics of organic carbon components in soil cucumber continuous cropping process. Soil urease and invertase activities significantly affected organic carbon mineralization during the continuous cropping process of cucumber. Application of bio-organic fertilizer could increase soil organic carbon content and enzyme activity, improve inert carbon ratio of soil organic carbon pools, cumulative and mineralization rate of organic carbon in continuous cropping process, thereby enhance soil carbon sequestration capacity.

Substrate type is an important factor affecting the quality of water deriving from rainfall onto extensively green roofed areas. Here, stabilized sludge was used as the main nutrient component of the substrate combined with biochar and a dual-substrate structure. Five green roof pilot facilities were constructed, and the effect of control measures on effluent quality was analyzed. The results showed that the stabilized sludge dosage was 3%, and the annual average mass concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - -N) were 3.27 mg·L -1 and 1.61 mg·L -1 . The use of stabilized sludge as a nutrient component under real rainfall and temperature conditions in Shanghai did not cause significant leaching of TN and NO 3 - -N. In order to further improve the quality of the effluent, biochar was used as an amendment measure. As a result, the concentrations of TN and NO 3 - -N in the effluent were decreased to 2.16 mg·L -1 and 1.38 mg·L -1 , respectively. Using an adsorption layer of pumice can alleviate the leaching of total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). For the total nitrogen budget of each pilot facility, the retained TN was about 55% of the original TN after one year of operation. Thus, stabilized sludge could be used as a nutrient substrate to meet the long-term requirements of plants. In the substrate with biochar, the retained TN in the substrate and the NO 3 - -N concentration in the effluent was decreased, which was related to the mineralization of organics during dry periods and the enhancement of denitrification during rainfall periods. Stabilized sludge was not a polluting source of N but was a source of P. Using biochar and a dual-substrate structure can effectively reduce the TN and COD load of the tested green roof facilities.

Objective: To evaluate the sero-positivity of Babesia infection in voluntary blood donors in Jiangsu region, so as to provide the evidence for transfusion safety., Methods: A total of 950 blood samples were collected from voluntary blood donors in Jiangsu Provincial Blood Center from February to May, 2017, and detected by double antigen sandwich ELISA targeting peptides derived from B. microti -secreted antigen 1 (BmSA1). The positive samples were confirmed by microscopy and nested-PCR to determine parasitemia. The prevalence of anti-BmSA1 was analyzed between/among different genders, ages and occupations of the blood donors., Results: Of the 950 blood screened samples, 5 were positive for anti-BmSA1, and the sero-prevalence of Babesia infection was 0.53%. The 5 samples were all negative by microscopy and nested-PCR. There were no gender- ( χ 2 = 0.01, P =0.92) or age-specific differences ( χ 2 = 0.11, P = 0.95) in the sero-prevalence of Babesia infection; however, there was an occupation-specific difference detected in the sero-prevalence of Babesia infection ( χ 2 = 11.93, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Babesia infection is detected in voluntary blood donors in Jiangsu region, which should be paid much attention.

In order to facilitate the treatment strategies for biliary tract injury, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, bile duct tumor thrombus, cholangiocellular carcinoma and bile duct cystic dilatation, many classifications have been made, even more than 10 types for one disease. Each type is represented by numbers or English alphabet, which are not only confusing but also difficult to remember. The Academician Mengchao Wu divided the liver into five sections and four segments base on its anatomy, this classification is very direct and visual, thus had been using till now. In order to overcome those complicated problems, it is considered to develop a new classification based on actual anatomic location similar to that for liver cancer, which is easy to remember and to directly determine the treatment strategy. All kinds of classifications have their own characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. This practical classifications avoid the complexity and may be useful for clinicians.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of PD-L1 and microRNA-138-5p in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia., Methods: The SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of PD-L1 mRNA and miR-138 in 20 cases of primary AML, 9 cases of relapsed/refractory AML and 8 cases of complete remission. The samples of peripheral blood of 20 healthy peoples were used as controls., Results: The expression levels of PD-L1 in both the primary AML and the relapsed/refractory AML groups were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P<0.01), and the expression level of PD-L1 in the relapsed/refractory AML group was significantly higher than that in the primary AML group (P<0.01). The expression level of miR-138 in both the primary AML and the relapsed/refractory AML groups were significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (P<0.01). The 8 sampes out of 20 cases of primary AML patients achieved complete remission (CR) were collected and detected. The results showed that the expression level of miR-138 in the complete remission group was higher than that in the primary AML group (P<0.05), but the expression level of PD-L1 mRNA in the CR group was not significantly different from that in the primary AML group (P>0.05). and there was a negative correlation between PD-L1 mRNA and miR-138 in primary AML patients (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The expression of PD-L1 increases and the expression of miR-138 down-regulates in PBMNCs of AML patients, furthermore, both correlate each other.

Objectives: To analyze the characteristics of medical malpractices in orthopaedic surgeries, to explore principles and methods in medical legal identification, and to provide basic data for uniform medicolegal standard for the future medical identification., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 cases of medical malpractices in orthopaedic surgery, among the 364 cases archived in Medicolegal Expertise Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University during 2002-2015., Results: In the 100 cases of orthopedic medical malpractices, with 104 hospitals involved in, 95 cases were judged with medical errors and the other 9 cases with no error. The top 3 reasons for errors were （1） inadequate observation or estimation of diseases （27.9%）, （2） intraoperative improper operation （17.3%）, and （3） delayed or missed diagnosis and treatment （12.5%）. The consequences of medical malpractices were mostly disability （61%）, followed by prolonged diseases （31%） and death （8%）. With regard to the causal relationship between medical errors and consequences, 95 cases （91.4%） were with causality and the other 9 cases （8.6%） with no causality. Specifically, 56 cases （53.9%） were with medical errors as the secondary causes accounting for 25% causative potency, and 20 cases （19.2%） were with medical errors as the major causes accounting for 75% causative potency., Conclusions: It is pivotally important for determining the causative potency of medical errors to analyse the causes of damages in orthopaedic surgery and to distinguish subjective factors from objective ones of medical errors., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.)

This paper aimed to investigate the role of Duhuo Jisheng decotion (DHJSD) in delaying human disc degeneration and its possible molecular mechanism. The intervertebral disc specimens were divided into normal and degenerated groups according to Pfirrmann classfication. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-3 and MMP-13 in intervertebral disc tissue were detected by Western blot and PCR. Then degenerated human primary NPCs were cultured in vitro, the viability of NPCs treated with stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1，10 μg·L⁻¹)and various concentrations of DHJSD was assessed by the CCK-8 assay, and the appropriate concentration was screened. The experiment was divided into three groups, control group, SDF-1 group and DHJSD plus SDF-1 group. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, Agg, coIⅡ, MMP-3 and MMP-13 were detected. The levels of CXCR4, NF-κB major groups P65 phosphorylation (p-P65) and nuclear translocation, after treated with CXCR4 siRNA and NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence. At the same time, the expression of cell inflammatory factors and extracellular matrix were also measured. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-3 and MMP-13 in the degenerated intervertebral disc tissue were significantly increased. In vitro study, the results of CCK-8 indicated that the viability of NPCs was significantly increased when DHJSD concentration was 300 mg·L⁻¹. After the experiment was divided into three groups, compared with SDF-1 group, the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-3 and MMP-13 in DHJSD group were significantly decreased, but the expressions of Agg, coIⅡ were significantly increased. When CXCR4-siRNA was transfected into NPCs, SDF-1 increased expressions of CXCR4 and p-P65 and inhibited nuclear translocation of P65, whose effect was suppressed by CXCR4-siRNA and DHJSD. In addition, when BAY11-7082 was used to treat NPCs, the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-3 and MMP-13 were significantly decreased. DHJSD could inhibit the production of inflammatory factors and promote the synthesis of extracellular matrix. The potential mechanism may be related to the SDF-1/CXCR4/NF-κB signaling pathway., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Background & Problems: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common healthcare-associated infection in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The average VAP infection density was 4.7‰ in our unit between June and August 2015. The results of a status survey indicated that in-service education lacked specialization, leading to inadequate awareness among staffs regarding the proper care of newborns with VAP and a lack of related care guides. This, in turn, resulted in inconsistencies in care measures for newborns with VAP., Purpose: To improve the accuracy of implementation of preventive measures for VAP among medical staffs and reduce the density of VAP infections in the NICU., Resolutions: Conduct a literature search and adopt medical team resources management methods; establish effective team communication; establish monitoring mechanisms and incentives; establish mandatory in-service specialization education contents and a VAP preventive care guide exclusively for newborns as a reference for medical staffs during care execution; install additional equipment and aids and set reminders to ensure the implementation of VAP preventive measures., Results: The accuracy rate of preventive measure execution by medical staffs improved from 70.1% to 97.9% and the VAP infection density in the NICU decreased from 4.7‰ to 0.52‰., Conclusions: Team integration effectively improved the accuracy of implementation of VAP-prevention measures, reduced the density of VAP infections, enhanced quality of care, and ensured that newborns received care that was more in line with specialization needs.

The study is to establish the two-dimension HPLC fingerprints of Dihuang (Rehmannia glutinosa), by HPLC-PDA and HPLC-ELSD methods. The separations were performed on Waters Atlantis®T3（4.6 mm× 250 mm，5 μm）and Welch Ultimate®Hilic-NH₂（4.6 mm× 250 mm，5 μm）columns with the gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.01% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile-water, respectively. The chromatographic display wavelength for PDA detector was set at 203 nm. For HPLC-ELSD, the nebulizer was set as cooling mode, the drift tube temperature was set at 60 °C and the gas pressure was 35.0 psi. Based on similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine, 26 and 10 chromatographic peaks were determined as common components for HPLC-PDA and HPLC-ELSD fingerprints, respectively. Chemometrics analyses, such as similarity analysis; cluster analysis and principal component analysis, were performed on the common peak areas in two-dimension fingerprints for 41 batches of Dihuang from multiple sources. The results showed that the HPLC-PDA fingerprint could distinguish dried rehmannia root between different sources, and HPLC-ELSD fingerprint could differentiate dried rehmannia root from prepared rehmannia root. The two-dimension fingerprints were established with advantages of a good degree of separation, abundant chemical information and multi-components identified including two nucleosides (adenosine and uridine)，four iridoid glycosides (catalpa alcohol，rehmaionoside D，rehmaionoside A and leonuride)，two phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside and cistanoside A) and nine sugars. The method is simple and practical, which could be used for the identification and quality assessment for Dihuang., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

This paper describes a study exploring the interaction between gomizine D and α-glucosidase. The inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase by gomizine D was determined using PNPG as substrates Gomizine D gave the IC₅₀ value of 0.59 mmol•L⁻¹, which was higher than that of acarbose (1.95 mmol•L⁻¹). Gomizine D was a reversible and non-competitiveα-glucosidase inhibitor with an inhibition constant Ki=4.026 g•L⁻¹. The binding mode between gomizine D and α-glucosidase was analyzed by AutoDock Vina molecular docking software. The lowest energy of Gomizine D binding to α-glucosidase was -7.7 kcal•mol⁻¹, which was lower than that of acarbose (-6.6 kcal•mol⁻¹). After binding with gomizine D, UV spectroscopy analysis displayed that the microenvironment of aromatic residue in the secondary structure of α-glucosidase was changed, and the polarity of protein was reduced., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of immunoglobulin heavy chain complementarity-determining region (IgH-CDR3) repertoire of peripheral B cells in a patient with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and to investigate the diversity of the immune system. Methods: Arm-PCR was used to amplify the IgH-CDR3 region of circulating B cells isolated from a PBC patient, and high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the amplified product. The characteristics of immune repertoire were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results: In total, 329219 sequence reads were generated from the sample, with 325540 total CDR3 sequences and 72774 distinct CDR3 sequences, and the D50 of IGH-CDR3 was 7.7. The dominant CDR3 length of the sample was 45 nt (9.6%); the N addition with the highest frequency ranged from 13 to 14 nt (5.25%); the J trimming with the highest frequency was 0 nt (12.7%); the three most frequent V alleles were V4-59 (9.5%), V3-23 (8.1%), and V1-69 (6.4%). Conclusion: The diversity of IgH-CDR3 repertoire is relatively low in this patient with PBC, with several B-cell clonal expansions. The specificity needs to be further verified after increasing the sample size.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and laboratory features of patients with liver disease and positive anti-liver/kidney microsomal-1 (anti-LKM-1) antibody, and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods: The clinical data of patients with positive anti-LKM-1 antibody who were treated in our hospital from 2006 to 2016 were collected, and clinical and laboratory features were analyzed and compared. An analysis was also performed for special cases. Results: The measurement of related autoantibodies was performed for about 100 thousand case-times, and 15 patients were found to have positive anti-LKM-1 antibody. Among the 15 patients, 7 were diagnosed with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) with an age of 11.0 ± 9.0 years and were all adolescents with acute onset; 8 were diagnosed with hepatitis C with an age of 51.5 ± 9.0 years, among whom 7 were middle-aged patients and 1 was a child aged 12 years, and all of them had an insidious onset. Compared with the patients with hepatitis C, the AIH patients had significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (1 003.9 ± 904.3 U/L vs 57.0 ± 84.1 U/L, P < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (410.7 ± 660.3 U/L vs 34.9 ± 42.9 U/L, P < 0.05), and total bilirubin (98.0 ± 191.0 μmol/L vs 15.4 ± 6.0 μmol/L, P < 0.05). There was a reduction in immunoglobulin G after the treatment with immunosuppressant, compared with the baseline. Of all 8 patients with hepatitis C, 6 received antiviral therapy with interferon and ribavirin, and 5 out of them achieved complete response, among whom 4 had a reduction in the level of anti-LKM-1 antibody after treatment; however, a 12-year-old child developed liver failure after interferon treatment and died eventually. Conclusion: Positive anti-LKM-1 antibody is commonly seen in patients with type 2 AIH or hepatitis C, but there are differences between these two groups of patients in terms of age, disease onset, liver function, and the level of anti-LKM-1 antibody. The hepatitis C patients with a confirmed diagnosis and exclusion of autoimmune hepatitis can achieve good response to interferon under close monitoring, even if anti-LKM-1 antibody is positive. As for adolescent patients with hepatitis C and positive anti-LKM-1 antibody, the possibility of AIH should be excluded.

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of branches portal vein embolization (TBPVE) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on liver neoplasms. Methods: From August 2016 to May 2017, there were 13 patients including 11 males and 2 females with primary hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent TBPVE+ TACE , among whom there were 11 cases with a history of HBV infection.Average age of the 13 patients was (60.8±6.2)years. The live function of all patients were Child-Pugh A classification.The CT or MRI images of each patient was reconstructed and the standard liver volume(SLV) before TBPVE+ TACE was (1 181.2±49.3)ml, estimated future liver remnant(FLR) was (326.1±72.1)ml and FLR/SLV was (27.6±6.0)%.The puncture site for TBPVE was determined by the three-dimensional reconstruction of portal vein.CT scan or MRI, AFP and liver function test were repeated after one and two weeks after TBPVE+ TACE.FLR and FLR/SLV were calculated respectively.Hepatectomy would be performed if the patients agreed.The postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: On the 7 th day after TBPVE+ TACE, the FLR/SLV was(42.6±8.0)% and the FLR increasement was(56.0±24.6)%.The level of AFP decreased from(87.9±81.8)μg/L to (29.7±20.9)μg/L.On the 14 th day after TBPVE+ TACE, the FLR/SLV was(45.8±6.2)% and the FLR increasement was(71.8±29.0)%.Four patients underwent surgery which including 2 right hepatectomies and 2 right trisegmentectomies in 2 weeks after TBPVE+ TACE.Nine patients were performed with targeting intratumoral lactic acidosis TACE (TILA-TACE). No severe complication occurred in all patients. Conclusions: TBPVE could induce a rapid growth of the liver remnant but still with the concern of inducing the growth of neoplasms at the same time.To combine TACE in TBPVE therapy not also can the growth of neoplasms be prevented but also inducing its shrinking.This method might be a new mode for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic risk factors of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), and to establish risk models for predicting early outcome. Methods: The clinical data of 418 AIDS patients with PCP admitted to Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2008 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into death group and survival group according to clinical outcome during hospitalization.Data of the two groups were collected including general information and laboratory test results.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors affecting prognosis of patients, establish prognostic models and evaluate predictive value of the model. Results: Of the 418 AIDS patients with PCP, 388 cases were male and 30 cases were female, aged from 5 to 82 years, mean age was (40±12) years.There were 82 patients in the death group and 336 patients in the survival group.Disease course, bacterial infection and alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference(P(A-a)O(2)), serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (N), alanine aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum potassium (K) were significantly higher in the death group than those in the survival group (all P <0.05), and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO(2)), blood oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), CD4(+) T lymphocyte count, lymphocyte (L) , hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (PLT), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PALB), cholinesterase (CHE), cholesterol (CHO), serum chlorine (Cl) and serum sodium (Na) were significantly lower in the death group than those in the survival group (all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that P(A-a)O(2, )ALB, LDH, N and CD4(+) T lymphocyte count were prognostic factors of AIDS complicated with PCP.Prognostic index=9.736+ 0.112×P(A-a)O(2)-0.719×ALB+ 0.006×LDH+ 0.355×N-0.021×CD4.ROC curve of the short-term prognostic model was 0.985 (95% CI 0.977-0.994), with P value 0.000, cut-off value 0.907, sensitivity 92.0% and specificity 98.8%.The mortality rate increased with the increase of equation value. Conclusions: P(A-a)O(2, )ALB, LDH, N and CD4(+) T lymphocyte count are independent risk factors to predict short-term prognosis in these patients.The short-term prognostic model based on independent risk factors is useful in guiding clinical treatment.

Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is often a concomitant result of cell senescence, embodied by the enhanced function of secretion. The SASP factors secreted by senescent cells include cytokines, proteases and chemokines, etc, which can exert great influence on local as well as systemic environment and participate in the process of cell senescence, immunoregulation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and tumor invasion, etc. Relative to the abundance of SASP models in human cells, the in vitro SASP model derived from mouse cells is scarce at present. Therefore, the study aimed to establish a mouse SASP model to facilitate the research in the field. With this objective, we treated the INK4a-deficient mouse NIH-3T3 cells and the wildtype mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) respectively with mitomycin C (MMC), an anticarcinoma drug which could induce DNA damage. The occurring of cell senescence was evaluated by cell morphology, β-gal staining, integration ratio of EdU and Western blot. Quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression and secretion of SASP factors, respectively. The results showed that, 8 days after the treatment of NIH-3T3 cells with MMC (1 μg/mL) for 12 h or 24 h, the cells became enlarged and the ratios of β-gal-positive (blue-stained) cells significantly increased, up to 77.4% and 90.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression of P21 protein increased and the integration ratios of EdU significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Quantitative RT-PCR detection showed that the mRNA levels of several SASP genes, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-1β increased evidently. ELISA detection further observed an enhanced secretion of IL-6 (P < 0.01). On the contrary, although wildtype MEF could also be induced into senescence by MMC treatment for 12 h or 24 h, embodied by the enlarged cell volume, increased ratios of β-gal-positive cells (up to 71.7% and 80.2%, respectively) and enhanced expression of P21 protein, the secretion of IL-6 displayed no significant change. Our study indicated that, although MMC could induce senescence in both mouse NIH-3T3 cells and wildtype MEF, only senescent NIH-3T3 cells displayed the canonical SASP phenomena. Current study suggested that senescent NIH-3T3 cells might be an appropriate in vitro SASP model of mouse cells.

Objective: To research the regulation effects of Krüppel like zinc finger transcription factor 2 (KLF2) on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) in airway epithelial cells of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: (1) Human specimen experiment: lung tissue of pulmonary lobectomy patients with lung cancer with or without COPD was collected from Department of Thoracic Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital from December 2008 to December 2009. The patients were divided into COPD group and control group without COPD. The levels of KLF2, γ-GCS mRNA and protein expression in lung tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). Then, the correlation between KLF2 and γ-GCS mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed, as well as the correlation between KLF2 or γ-GCS protein and smoking index, percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to predicted value (FEV 1 %), percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FVC/FEV 1 ). (2) Animal experiment: the primary bronchial epithelial cells of rats were extracted by enzyme digestion. After 6 hours of incubation with 10% tobacco smoke extract (TSE), cellular glutathione (GSH) was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The cells were transfected by specific inhibitor of KLF2 through the liposom, which inhibited the protein expression of KLF2. Then, the cells were divided into KB group (blank control group without any treatment), KB+ TSE group (treated with TSE), NC group (control group transfected with miRNA), NC+ TSE group (treated with miRNA and TSE), 92a group (transfected with KLF2 inhibitor), 92a+ TSE group (treated with KLF2 inhibitor transfection and TSE) based in the treatment. After that, the changes of KLF2 and γ-GCS mRNA and protein expression in the cells of each group were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot method. Results: (1) Human specimen experiment: The expressions of KLF2 mRNA, protein and γ-GCS mRNA, protein in the lung tissue of COPD patients were strong positive and higher than those in control group (0.32±0.04 vs 0.19±0.03, 0.35±0.05 vs 0.22±0.03; 0.28±0.03 vs 0.16±0.03, 0.31±0.05 vs 0.21±0.03; all P <0.01). Linear correlation analysis showed that KLF2 mRNA and protein were positively correlated with γ-GCS mRNA and protein ( r =0.705, 0.722; both P <0.01). The KLF2 and γ-GCS protein were positively correlated with smoking index, FEV 1 % and FEV 1 /FVC ( r =0.552, 0.728, 0.670, and r =0.631, 0.727, 0.657; all P <0.01). (2) Animal experiment: The level of GSH in KB+ TSE group was significantly higher than that in KB group[(28.05±2.04) vs (7.27±0.33) nmol/mg, P <0.01]. The KLF2 mRNA, protein and γ-GCS mRNA, protein in KB+ TSE group (1.715±0.026, 1.842±0.028 and 2.117±0.067, 1.879±0.065) were higher than those in KB group (1.130±0.017, 1.177±0.033 and 1.378±0.053, 1.177±0.042; all P <0.05), and those in 92a group (0.472±0.028, 0.634±0.025 and 0.582±0.025, 0.554±0.021) were significantly lower than those in KB group, NC group (1.047±0.056, 1.092±0.045 and 1.303±0.037, 1.252±0.037), and those in TSE+ 92a group (0.262±0.017, 0.288±0.017 and 0.337±0.022, 0.321±0.022) were significantly lower than those in KB+ TSE group, 92a group and NC+ TSE group (1.576±0.036, 1.646±0.066 and 1.948±0.093, 1.843±0.078) (all P <0.05). Conclusion: KLF2 exerts antioxidative effect by regulating the expression of γ-GCS in the bronchial epithelial cells of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: To explore the application of the technique of terminal branches portal vein embolization(TBPVE)for planed hepatectomy., Methods: From February 2016 to June 2016, 4 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent TBPVE and liver resection in Yuebei People's Hospital (n=3) and Jiangxi Ji'an Central People's Hospital (n=1). All of them were male and were 50, 64, 39 and 47 years old respectively. All the tumors located in the right lobe. All patients had the liver function of Child-Pugh A classification and liver cirrhosis level of G2S4. The standard liver volume (SLV) were 1 291, 1 109, 1 177 and 1 242 ml and estimated future liver remnant(FLR) were 315, 347, 306 and 323 ml respectively. The puncture site of TBPVE was determined by the three-dimensional reconstruction of portal vein. Three patients were punctured in the segment Ⅵ and the other one punctured in the segment Ⅲ. CT scan was repeated 2 weeks after TBPVE and FLR and FLR/SLV were calculated. All patients underwent right hepatectomy 2 weeks after TBPVE., Results: On the 14(th) day after TBPVE, the FLR of 4 patients were 529, 462, 469 and 498 ml which increased 67.9%, 33.1%, 53.3% and 54.2% compared with that before TBPVE, and FLR/SLV were 41.0%, 41.7%, 39.8% and 40.1% respectively. No severe complication occurred. Right hepatectomy were performed 2 weeks after TBPVE. No inflow blood control applied during the liver resection. The mean blood loss was 950 ml and the mean operating time was 3.3 hours (ranging from 3 to 4 hours). One patient had respiratory infection and two had slight jaundice and ascites for a short period. No other complication occurred., Conclusion: The TBPVE could induce a rapid and large FLR volume that give chances to patients with small FLR to have liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives: In order to know how intestinal Bifidobacteria community could be built in the infants and whether the environmental factors could affect them, the present study was conducted to characterizethe species composition and trace the quantitative changes of intestinal Bifidobacteria of the infants in their early stages with non-culture dependent molecular method. The possible association of Bifidobacteria community of the infants with their health was also discussed., Methods: Total 16 of full-term newborn infants born between March and April 2013 were recruited for the present study. Fecal samples were collected from them at 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, 7 days, 10 days, 14 days, 28 days, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after birth. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR with genus and species specific premiers was used to detect Bifidobacteria and 8 predominate species in human intestine qualitatively and quantitatively present in these collected fecal samples., Results: Total 136 fecal sample were collected and Bifidobacteria were detected from 93.4% (127/136) of them with the concentration of 1.0×10 5 to 1.0×10 11 CFU/g. Bifidobacteria were found in 83.3% of the fecal samples collected from the first day after birth with more than about 10 5 CFU/g. However, Bifidobacteria were detected relative low until 14 days and were taxonomically belonged only to one or two species. Bifidobacteria were found in almost 100% of the fecal samples collected after birth 28 days with more than 10 8 CFU/g, and the detected species of Bifidobacteria was increased to 3 species after 28 days to 6 months. All of the fecal samples collected from one year had more than 3 species of Bifidobacteria with high cell counts. Among the detected Bifidobacteria were B.breve 92.1%, B.infantis 66.1%, B. catenulatum 59.8%, B. bifidum 25.2%, B. longum 24.4%, B.dentium 13.4%, B.angulatum 5.5% and B.adolescentis 1.6%, respectively., Conclusions: The detected Bifidobacteria greatly varied qualitatively and quantitatively after birth to one year which could be considered as the important and sensitive period for Bifidobacteria to colonize and built its communityin the infants. Different from previous studies, the colonization of Bifidobacteria in the tested infants was found delayed and the composition and diversity of Bifidobacteria species was different from other studies. These might result from different deliveryway, feeding pattern and other environmental factors related to the tested infants.

Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of heat-sensitive moxibustion (HSM) therapy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH)., Methods: Papers of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the effectiveness and safety of HSM therapy for LDH published in both Chinese and English before November 17, 2015 were collected from PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane library, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data and VIP databases according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and by using key words of "thermal moxibustion" "heat-sensitive acupoint" "lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH)" "lumbar disc herniation (LDH)" and "lumbago backache", followed by screening, data extracting and methodological quality assessing. Then, the Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software., Results: Twenty RCTs were included eventually, containing a total of 1 861 cases treated by HSM therapy in the treatment of LDH patients. The Meta-analysis shows that the effectiveness and safety of HSM therapy for LDH are superior to those of other therapies, which is drawn from total effective rate of treatment group[RR=1.13, 95%CI(1.09,1.18), P <0.001], M-JOA score[MD=-3.17, 95%CI(-3.88, -2.47), P <0.001], M-JOA score difference of various subgroups:daily life ability effect difference[MD=1.04, 95%CI(0.44, 1.64), P <0.001], subjective effect symptoms difference[MD=0.58, 95%CI (0.23, 0.92), P =0.001], objective effect symptoms difference[MD=1.12, 95%CI(0.58, 1.65), P <0.001], VAS score[MD=-1.17,95%CI(-1.78, -0.57), P <0.001], the recurrence rate[RR=0.54, 95%CI(0.37, 0.80), P =0.002], and no adverse reactions mentioned in the reported results. The sensitivity analysis showed a greater homogeneity in literature and the results were stable, but funnel plot analysis showed a publication bias., Conclusions: The HSM therapy is effective and safe in the treatment of LDH patients.

Objective: To evaluate the value of mean corpuscular volume/RBC distribution width (MCV/RDW) combined with reticulocyte parameters in differential diagnosis of aplastic anemia (AA), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), megaloblastic anemia (MA) and hemolytic anemia (HA) in order to provide some laboratorial evidence for clinical doctors in first diagnosis of these diseases., Methods: The data of MCV/RDW and reticulocyte parameters of AA, MDS, MA and HA patients from January 1 of 2011 to August 31 of 2014 were retrospectively collected in West China Hospital of Sichuan University. And 158 healthy unrelated individuals with age-, sex-matched were collected as controls. The value of MCV/RDW and reticulocyte parameters in differentiating diagnosis of above mentioned 4 kinds of anemia diseases was assessed. ROC analysis was used to determine the cutoff value of MCV/RDW and the reticulocyte parameters were performed in differentiating diagnosis of AA and MDS., Results: The average values of MCV/RDW of 158 AA patients (79 acute AA patients and 79 chronic AA patients), 107 MDS patients, 13 MA patients and 81 HA patients increased in variable degrees as compared with the controls, and there was statistical difference between them, the MCV/RDW value of acute AA patients was obviously less than that of other patients. In the 4 kinds of anemia diseases, the reticulocyte absolute count in acute AA patients was the lowest, that of chronic AA, MA and MDS patients was higher, and that of HA patients was highest. The ratio of low fluorescent reticulocyte decreased, and the ratio of moderate and high fluorescent reticulocytes increased in the 4 kinds of anemia diseases, as compared to controls. The difference was statistically significant. The analysis of differential diagnosis of chronic AA and MDS showed that RDW-SD could differentiate the chronic AA from MDS. The area under the curve (AUC) of RDW-SD was 0.76 (P < 0.01). The cutoff value of RDW-SD was 22.75fl. The sensitivity and specificity of RDW-SD for differential of chronic AA and MDS was 49.5% and 98.7%, respectively., Conclusion: MCV/RDW and reticulocyte parameters can be used as the laboratorial differential diagnostic indicators for AA, MDS, MA and HA diseases.

Objective: To observe the protective effect of active fractions of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) on primary cortical neuron injury after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion (R) injury. Methods Using macroporous resin method, HJDFE30, HJDFE50, HJDFE75, and HJDFE95 with 30%, 50%, 75%, and 95% alcohol were respectively prepared. Then the content of active components in different HJD fractions was determined with reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The OGD/R injury model was induced by sodium dithionite on primary cortical neurons in neonate rats. MTT assay was used to observe the effect of four fractions (HJDFE30, HJDFE50, HJDFE75, and HJDFE95) and seven index components of HJD on the neuron viability., Results: RP-HPLC showed active component(s) contained in HJDFE30 was geniposide; baicalin, palmatine, berberine, and wogonside contained in HJDFE50; baicalin, berberine, baicalein, and wogonin contained in HJDFE75. The neuron viability was decreased after OGD for 20 min and reperfusion for 1 h, (P <0. 01), and significantly increased after administered with HJD, HJDFE30, HJDFE50, and HJDFE75 (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Geniposide, baicalin, baicalein, palmatine, wogonside, and wogonin could increase the cortical neuron viability (P <0. 05, P <0. 01)., Conclusions: HJDFE30, HJDFE50, and HJDFE75, as active fractions of HJD, had protective effect on primary cortical neuron injury after OGD/R. Furthermore, geniposide, baicalin, and baicalein were main active components of HJD.

Objective: To study the characteristics of the colonization of 8 species of bifidobacteria by systematically profiling fecal bifidobacterial community in the early life of infants., Methods: Fresh fecal samples including meconium samples were collected for culture and isolation of fecal bifidobacteria from 16 cases of full-term newborn infants born between March and April 2013 at their life of 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 28, and 90 days. The isolated fecal bifidobacteria were taxonomically identified to genus and 8 species with PCR analysis., Results: One hundred and fifty-two predominant bifidobacteria strains were detected in the fecal samples, the detection rate of B. breve (22.4%) were the highest. Bifidobacteria were found in the feces of 8% infants 4 days after birth. The colonization rates increased to 54% and 60% at 28 days and 3 months respectively, significantly exceeding the colonization rate at 4 days after birth (P<0.05). Adult-type bifidobacteria B. catenulatum were found in the infants 10 days after birth, and infant-type bifidobacteria B. infantis were found at 14 days after birth, but infant-type bifidobacteria B. infantis were detected at a high level until 3 months after birth. The most tested infants had 2 species or less of bifidobacteria., Conclusions: Intestinal bifidobacteria in infants might have less diversity in early infancy. Infant-type bifidobacteria appear late, while adult-type bifidobacteria colonize earlier.

This study was purposed to investigate the RHCE gene polymorphisms in Chinese Jiangsu Han blood donors with and without RHD gene among serologic RhD negative population. PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) was used to detect RHCE genotype in 337 serologic RhD negative, RHD gene positive donors. The RHD gene-specific polymorphisms were also determined by PCR-SSP in these donors. The results showed that among 337 serologic RhD negative, RHD gene positive donor 20 were RHCE*C/C, 62 RHCE*C/c, 24 RHCE*c/c, 25 RHCE*E/e, and 81 RHCE*e/e; the allele frequencies for RHCE*C and RHCE*c were 0.4811 and 0.5189, respectively; and for RHCE*E and RHCE*e 0.1179 and 0.8821. Among 231 RHD gene negative donors, 3 were RHCE*C/C, 34 RHCE*C/c, 194 RHCE*c/c, 15 RHCE*E/e, 216 RHCE*e/e; the allele frequencies for RHCE*C and RHCE*c were 0.0866 and 0.9134, respectively; and allele frequencies for RHCE*E and RHCE*e were 0.0325 and 0.9675, respectively. It is concluded that the most prevalent allele of RHCE gene was RHCE*ccee in Chinese Han Jiangsu RHD gene negative population. There is statistical difference in RHCE genotype distribution among serologic RhD negative population with and without RHD gene.

The generation and variation of the secondary pollutants in containers during seasons of a year were investigated in a municipal refuse transfer station of Shanghai. The results showed that the primary odors, the concentration of H2S was in a range of 0.3-10.3 mg.m-3, CH4 was in a range of 0.02% -2.97% and NH3 was in a range of 0.7-4.5 mg m-3, and their concentrations all reached the peak in the summer. The pH of the leachate was in a range of 5.4-6. 3, COD was 41 633-84 060 mgL- 1, and BOD, was 18 116-34 130 mg.L , the concentration of pollutants were all higher in winter than that in summer. The ammonia concentration of leachate was in a range of 537-1222 mg.L'', while the TP fluctuated acutely in a range of 17.98-296 mg L-1, exhibiting the relationship with seasonal variation. Extreme temperatures especially the high temperature in summer significantly affected air pollution producing, which indicated that containers should be kept against high temperature exposure and long residence time in order to prevent flammable gases and other pollutants generated largely.

Phytochemical investigation on the EtOH extract from the aerial part of Callicarpa kwangtungensis led to the isolation and characterization of 10 caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycosides, 2'-acetylacteoside (1), tubuloside E (2), acteoside (3), tubuloside B (4), isoacteoside (5), alyssonoside (6), 2'-acetylforsythoside B (7), brandioside (8), forsythoside B (9), and poliumoside (10). Compound 4 was isolated from the plants of Verbenaceae,and 6 was obtained from the Callicarpa genus, for the first time, while compounds 1, 2, 5 and 7 were firstly reported from the plant.

The present paper proposes a wavelength selection algorithm based on nonlinear factors named Synergy interval least squares support vector machines (siLSSVM). siLSSVM combines the interval strategy of wavelength selection method with the idea of synergy interval and overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional wavelength selection methods, i. e. ignoring the nonlinear factors. Taking the near infrared spectrum data of apple sugar as performance verification object of this new algorithm, comparing new algorithm with siPLS, the model performance has been greatly improved. The root-mean-square error (RMSEP) in new algorithm has increased respectively by 37.43% and 47.88% under the model of PLS and LSSVM, with increases of 6.04% and 7.31% in the correlative coefficient (RP). The examples illustrate that siLSSVM can efficiently select the optimum wavelength interval for spectrum data with strong nonlinear factors. This algorithm greatly improves the prediction accuracy and robustness of the model, which provides a new prospect for near infrared spectral with nonlinear factors to select wavelength.

Objective: To analyze the real-time effects of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation by means of multiport network theory and measurement of the electric signals transfer coefficient, so as to explore a way for determining the running course of acupuncture meridian and for characterizing its physiological activities in the living body., Methods: The body was modeled as a complex inhomogeneous 3-dimensions multi-port network, and the meridians were assumed to be "the most smoothly channels for signal transmission". Experiments were performed in 12 beheaded toads whose forelimbs and hindlimbs were divided into proportional coordinates. A concentric electrode with a conical tip was inserted into the toad leg for electrical stimulation of the local muscle, and another electrode alike was inserted into different spots of the limbs to detect the spreading signals in a 3-dimensional scanning mode. Following detecting the response electric voltage values of various spots and calculating their transfer coefficients, the spots which acquired a maximum signal value were considered to be the "acupoints". The imaginary connective lines passing the "acupoints" were regarded as the running courses of acupuncture meridians., Results: A total of twelve 3-dimensional curves were detected based on the connected lines of electric signal transfer function extremum spots 2 mm beneath the skin of the ipsilateral fore- and hind-limbs of 12 spinal toads., Conclusion: The present study initially validates the feasibility of electric signal transfer coefficient measurement for displaying the running course of acupuncture meridian in the toad fore- and hindlimbs.