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Lakes are important carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. Currently, most of lake carbon burial research in China only considers organic carbon burial and has neglected inorganic carbon burial, which will lead to an underestimation of the total carbon burial capacity of lakes. This situation is particularly significant in the humid eastern plain region. In order to comprehensively understand the carbon burial characteristics of lakes in the eastern plain and evaluate the contributions of organic and inorganic carbon burial to total carbon burial more reasonably. This research chooses Hongze Lake as study site, which is a representative lake in the eastern plain region. Based on the 210Pb-137Cs chronological sequence, combined with the C/N and δ13C characteristics in sediments, the carbon burial characteristics of Hongze Lake sediments in the past 60 years were explored by analyzing the spatiotemporal changes of organic and inorganic carbon content in typical rock cores (numbered HZH-12) and 11 other surface sediments. C/N and δ13C shows that endogenous organic carbon is the main source of organic carbon inHongze Lake . The significant synergistic changes in the accumulation rates of organic and inorganic carbon over the past 60 years (R2=0.76, p

The evaluation of equipment comprehensive support effectiveness is affected by research and development support, personnel support, equipment support, maintenance support, and other aspects. How to evaluate the equipment’s comprehensive support effectiveness scientifically, objectively, and reasonably plays an important role in improving the equipment’s comprehensive support effectiveness of the army and promoting the generation of combat effectiveness of the army. Based on the research and analysis of related issues, the evaluation index system of equipment comprehensive support effectiveness is constructed. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are combined to determine the weight of each evaluation index factor and the reasonable evaluation of support effectiveness. Finally, the equipment’s comprehensive support effectiveness is evaluated through the example analysis system. The results show that this method has certain reference significance and guidance for scientific and reasonable evaluation of equipment comprehensive support effectiveness.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of nafamostat mesylate (NM) in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) at a high risk of hemorrhage.MethodsFrom March 2021 to February 2022, a retrospective study was conducted for 61 CRRT patients at a high risk of hemorrhage in intensive care unit of Shanghai Changhai Hospital. They were assigned into two groups of NM anticoagulation (n=33) and no anticoagulation (n=28). The effectiveness, safety and economy of anticoagulation were assessed.ResultsBaseline profiles differed insignificantly between two groups. No obvious adverse reactions occurred during treatment. The anticoagulant effective rate of NM anticoagulation group was significantly higher than that of no anticoagulant group (93.9% vs 28.6%, P0.05]. The elevation of venous pressure was significantly higher in heparin free anticoagulant group than that in NM group (P=0.001) and the level of transmembrane pressure was also higher than that in NM group at the end of treatment (P=0.003). No significant change occurred in hemoglobin level before versus after CRRT in NM group (P>0.05).ConclusionNM is a safe and effective anticoagulant for CRRT patients at a high risk of hemorrhage and allows sufficient filter survival without a higher risk of hemorrhage.

China has the largest industrial scale and the most abundant industry type among the world.However, due to the influence of many factors, it is necessary to discover the blocking and breakpoints of the industrial chain, identify the stuck points, find alternative channels, and comprehensively optimize the industry.Then, this article explained the construction process of the industry knowledge graph from three aspects: data base construction, core knowledge graph mining, and compatibility with traditional industry chain knowledge.Finally the application scenarios and advantages of industry knowledge graph was analyzed, and an application case was given in the integrated circuit industry.

Aiming at the problem of how to give full play to the reverse extrusion ability of bolt to the surrounding rock to make the interface stress balance quickly and enhance the active support effect, we propose the anchorage method of radial pressurization. By adding expansion agent into cement grout to form self-stress slurry, radial expansion stress is generated on the pore wall under the constraint of rock mass, and the stress state of surrounding rock is improved. Under the constraint of thin-walled steel pipe, the radial expansion stress generated by the cement slurry stone body mixed with different amounts of expansion agent is used as a different pressurization variable, and the expansion stress of steel tube wall was measured by static strain gauge and the deformation law of radial stress in stone body with different expansion agent content was analyzed. The finite element software ABAQUS is used to simulate the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock under different pressurization variables, and the stress field and displacement field of the surrounding rock under stress and deformation are systematically studied. The results show that the radial stress and strength of cement slurry stone with 7% expansion agent are better than those of other proportions, and the compressive stress between cement slurry stone and pore wall increases obviously, resulting in expansion effect. With the increase of radial stress of grout stone body, the compressive stress increases by 65% and the deformation increases by 71% on average, and the radial stress of surrounding rock decreases with the increase of distance from drilling hole.

Caproic acid is a value-added product that has many uses in the preservation and synthesis of bio-energy. It is obtained via reverse β-oxidation reaction using electron donors and acceptors through the process of carbon chain elongation. The short-chain fatty acids are converted to high-value medium-chain fatty acids (such as caproic acid with six carbon chains). To improve the production yield of caproic acid, it is essential to clarify the relationship between reductase and energy supply, as well as the appropriate range of influencing factors and their mechanism in the biosynthesis process. This review paper describes the mechanisms of carbon chain elongation with lactic acid and ethanol as electron donors. Excessive ethanol oxidation, methanogenesis, and the lactate–acrylate pathways were introduced as competitive pathways during electron donor oxidation, and the corresponding inhibition methods were also reviewed. The reductase supply relationship between electron donor oxidation and electron acceptor reduction during the reverse β oxidation was discussed. In addition, this study clarified the utilization of energy by anaerobic microorganisms during the biosynthesis of caproic acid and two types of ATP synthesis: substrate level phosphorylation and electron transport phosphorylation. Electron bifurcation in the reverse β oxidation (a phenomenon in which two electrons from the same molecule are separated and redox potential is converted into energy to drive thermodynamically adverse reactions) and the role of different electron bifurcations in the production of caproic acid were evaluated. The influence of pH on the production of caproic acid driven by different electron donors was analyzed from the perspectives of competitive pathways, the growth range of functional microorganisms, and product inhibition. Regulating the collaboration between different bacterial communities and exploiting product separation techniques may enhance the production of caproic acid, and this should be investigated in the future. The role of CO2 and H2 as headspace in reverse β oxidation was investigated from the perspectives of substrates, competitive pathways, and thermodynamics. Relevant studies of the CO2 loading rate and H2 partial pressure were also reviewed. The development and current status of bioelectrochemical enhancement in the synthesis of caproic acid were examined, with emphasis on the fixation of CO2. Future research should focus on synthesizing caproic acid using lactic acid as an electron donor and organic wastewater as a substrate by bioelectrochemistry. This review summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the biosynthesis of caproic acid, providing theoretical guidance on how to produce it and improve its yield.

BackgroundNeurotransmitter secretion disorder induced by chronic manganese poisoning has always been one of the important causes of body injury, but the mechanism of neurotransmitter secretion disorder caused by manganese is not clear at present. ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of presynaptic membrane intracellular protein 13-1 (Munc13-1) and synapse fusion protein binding protein 18-1 (Munc18-1) on dopamine secretion dysfunction induced by manganese chloride (MnCl2) in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. MethodsA SH-SY5Y cell model induced by MnCl2 was established. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Four experimental groups were set up: control group and low-, medium-, and high-dose manganese groups (0, 100, 200, and 400 μmol·L−1 MnCl2). They were treated with corresponding doses of MnCl2 for 24 h. The secretion of dopamine was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of Syntaxin-1 was detected by real-time quantitaive PCR. Total cell proteins were extracted, and the protein expression levels of Munc13-1, Munc18-1, and Syntaxin-1 were detected by Western blotting. The correlations of MnCl2 exposure and dopamine secretion with the protein expressions of Munc13-1 and Munc18-1 were also analyzed by Pearson correlation. ResultsCompared with the control group, the cell viability rate decreased gradually with the increase of manganese exposure concentration, and the difference between the medium- and the high-dose manganese groups was statistically significant (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the protein expression of Munc13-1 decreased and that of Munc18-1 increased with the increase of manganese concentration (P

Due to the impact of the high-energy photons on the vision sensor, the images captured from the γ radiation environment are often polluted by the speckle noise with random location, disordered shapes, and uncertain color distribution. The uncertainty of the speckle noise leads to the lack of representation consistency of the texture features, brightness distribution, structural features, and other image descriptors for the radiation image, which seriously limits the feature expression of general feature descriptors for the key scene information. The limitation of representing the objects’ features in the radiation scenes directly aggravates the difficulty of the image alignment task. In this paper, we proposed a novel γ radiation scene image alignment approach jointed with a hierarchical noise suppression scheme and a sparse structure feature alignment strategy for the above-mentioned problems. The accuracy of γ image alignment can be boosted with three strategies, including removing the salient noise areas, suppressing the fine-texture noise regions, and the sparse representation of object features. Concretely, for the problem of object’s feature affected by the high saliency of the central region of the speckle noise in the radiation scene images, we firstly utilized the pyramid sliding sampling strategy to down-sample the γ radiation scene image into a set of lossless sub-images, where the speckle noise was divided into the isolated point noise in the sub-image. And then, a detection-based median-filtering scheme was presented to remove these isolated point noises. For the problem of insufficient saliency of feature representation for the scene objects in the image alignment task, a Sobel-based edge detection approach was used to extract the stable and sparse structure features of objects in the application scene, which can suppress the weak texture at the surrounding of the speckle noise and improve the robustness of scene object feature representation. Finally, the Fourier-Merlin transform, which is robust to different types of image noise, is utilized to accurately align the structural feature of the scene object to achieve the accurate alignment of the γ radiation scene images. In order to prove the effectiveness and generalization of our proposed method, extensive experiments were conducted on the γ radiation scene image set collected in the reality 60Co radiation environment. With the help of our proposed method, we can achieve the alignment accuracy that the scale analysis error is less than 0.01, the rotation analysis error is less than 04°, and the translation analysis error is less than ±06 pixel. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and the generalization of our proposed method.

As the “heart” of continuous caster, the flow field of mold directly affects the quality of the slab. For a billet caster, in-mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS), as its necessary configuration, can improve the flow field in the mold, homogenize the liquid steel temperature, improve segregation, and improve the slab quality. This paper utilized a 410 mm × 530 mm large billet caster in a factory, which is one of the largest section casters in China. Based on it, a three-dimensional numerical model was established using the ANSYS finite element software to study the influence of electromagnetic stirring on the flow field, liquid level fluctuation, and temperature field of the mold. After electromagnetic stirring was applied, the liquid steel was subjected to a radial electromagnetic force, and the liquid surface shows a rotating flow trend. The maximum tangential velocity of molten steel increases with the increase of current and decreases with the increase of frequency. When the current of electromagnetic stirring increases from 0 A to 500 A, the fluctuation of the liquid level increases from 1.21 mm to 4.35 mm. The maximum tangential velocity of the electromagnetic stirring center increases from 0.02 m∙s−1 to 0.21 m∙s−1. Electromagnetic stirring can restrain the impact of the high-temperature jet from the nozzle, move the high-temperature zone of molten steel upward, and make the temperature of molten steel more uniform. Under the action of a radial electromagnetic force, the horizontal swirl of liquid steel can inhibit the growth of the primary shell, reduce the growth rate of the shell, and reduce the thickness of the shell out of the mold by about 2.3 mm. The comprehensive analysis shows that the reasonable current of electromagnetic stirring is 400 A and the frequency is 1.5 Hz. At this time, the fluctuation of the slag level is about 2.73 mm, and the temperature field is relatively uniform.

In this study, a pillar[5]arene was synthesized based on trimethylamine, and its antibacterial activity and mechanism against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli DH5α were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined, and the influence of the pillar[5]arene on the formation of bacterial biofilms was evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the damage to the bacterial cell membrane caused by trimethylamine-based pillar[5]arene, and the cytotoxicity was determined by the?3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium?bromide (MTT) method. The results showed that the MIC and MBC were 0.125 and 1.000 mg/mL for S. aureus ATCC 6538, respectively, and 0.250 and greater than 1.000 mg/mL for E. coli DH5α, respectively. The effect of trimethylamine-based pillar[5]arene on biofilm formation was more pronounced for S. aureus ATCC 6538 than for E. coli DH5α. TEM showed that the trimethylamine-based pillar[5]arene could differently damage the cell membrane of the two strains. The MTT assay showed that the trimethylamine-based pillar[5]arene was non-toxic within the MIC range. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of the trimethylamine-based pillar[5]arene in the food field.

ObjectiveTo analyze spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and three-dimensional trend of other infectious diarrhoeal disease (OIDD) incidence in Qinghai Plateau – Qinghai province from 2010 to 2020. MethodsThe data on time (day, month, year)- and county/district-specific incidence of OIDD reported in Qinghai province during 2010 – 2020 were extracted from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Visualization and three-dimensional analysis on average incidence of OIDD were performed with Arc GIS10.2 software and Scan 9.5 software was adopted in space-time scanning analysis. ResultsTwo seasonal incidence peaks of OIDD were observed with a major peak in autumn-winter season and a minor peak in summer during the period in the province. The OIDD incidence in male population was significantly higher than that in female population (χ2 = 1894.33, P < 0.001) and the average annual incidence was 897.26/100 000 for the children under 5 years old. Three-dimensional analysis showed that the OIDD incidence was higher in northeast region than that in the southwest region of the province. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis revealed major clusters of OIDD incidence in 4 counties/districts of Xining municipality and Haidong prefecture and minor clusters in 10 counties/districts of 5 prefectures. ConclusionIn Qinghai province during 2010 – 2020, the incidence of other infectious diarrhea diseases showed an increasing trend with a rising-unchanging-rising circle of every 2 – 3 years and the children under 2 years old were at a higher risk of the incidence.

Objective To evaluate clinical significance and application outcomes of using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CRP/ALB) in the aged patients hospitalized with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD). Methods 172 aged patients with AECOPD who were hospitalized in the Department of Geriatrics and Department of Respiratory Medicine of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei from January 2016 to January 2020 were recruited. According to clinical outcomes, they were divided into survival group (n=155) and death group (n=17). Survival group was divided into groups according to hospitalization days of more or less than ten days. Parameters were got through contrast of clinical and laboratory test indexes of patients in each group. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to analyze the risk factors and their correlation with in-hospital mortality. Results Among 172 aged AECOPD in-patients, 17 patients died during hospitalization with mortality as 9.88%. There were differences between the death group and the survival group in NLR, CRP, CRP/ALB, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), cigarette consumption, community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and various comorbidities. Parameters above mentioned in the death group was higher than the survival group(P＜0.01). At the same time, 155 aged patients with AECOPD who survived and discharged were divided into two subgroups according to the hospitalization ≥10 days and ＜10 days. It was found that NLR, CRP, CRP/ALB, RDW, smoking and CAP in group with hospitalization longer than ten days were significantly more common than those in group of less than ten days hospitalization(P＜0.01). The Logistic regression analysis of NLR, CRP, CRP/ALB and RDW showed that NLR and CRP/ALB might be independent risk factors for in-hospital death. From the analysis of the ROC, the cut-off value of NLR was 11.04, the area under the curve was 77%, and the cut-off value of CRP/ALB was 1.12, and the area under the curve was 65%. Conclusions NLR and CRP/ALB may be the risk factors for in-hospital death of aged patients with AECOPD, which are associated with poor prognosis.

In order to study the spatial distribution of microorganisms and volatile compounds in pit mud, solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the main volatile compounds in pit mud, and Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to analyze the composition of microbial community in pit mud. The results of the study showed that the volatile components in the pit mud were mainly esters and acids, accounting for 73.01% to 98.36%, and they continued to increase with the increase of the depth of the pit. A total of 10 phyla, 15 classes, 21 orders, 42 families, and 64 genera of prokaryotic microorganisms were detected in the pit mud samples. The dominant flora accounted for 98.86%~99.93% of the total number of bacteria at the phylum level, and Firmicutes was the absolute dominant flora. The Shannon index increased from 2.130 to 4.970, the Simpson index increased from 0.557 to 0.932, and the ACE index and Chao1 index were the highest at the bottom of the pool, at 114.523 and 114.50, respectively. Results of α-diversity indicated that the abundance and diversity of microbial flora in the lower part of the pool wall and pit mud at the bottom of the pool were higher than that in the upper and middle parts of the pool wall, which was consistent with the type and content distribution of volatile substances. Dominant bacteria such as Clostridium and Methanobacter were the main microorganisms which could carry out microbial metabolism and inter-species material exchange, and produce important aroma substances and their precursors. As the depth of space increased, they continued to react and accumulate, closely related to spatial location of the mud. Spatial difference was an important reason for the differences in the composition of prokaryotic microbes and volatile substances in different spatial locations of pit mud.

Objective To investigate the effects of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K) gene transfection and sodium tanshinone Ⅱ A sulfonate (STS) on proliferation, invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and its mechanism. Methods The optimal concentration of STS was screened out by preliminary experiment. A549 cells were divided into siRNA-NC group (transfected with siRNA-NC), siRNA-eEF2K group (transfected with siRNA-eEF2K), siRNA-NC+STS group (treated with 10 μg/mL STS after siRNA-NC) and siRNA-eEF2K+STS group (treated with 10 μg/mL STS after siRNA-eEF2K).The survival rate, clone formation, cell counting of transmembrane cells, migration and apoptosis of A549 cells were detected by CCK-8 method, clone formation test, Transwell chamber test, scratch test and flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylation (p)-AKT, Ki67, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 genes (Bcl-2) were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with those in siRNA-NC group, the cell survival rate, clone formation rate, number of transmembrane cells, migration rate and p-AKT, Ki67, MMP-2 and Bcl-2 in proteins siRNA-eEF2K+STS group were significantly lower, while the apoptosis rate was significantly higher (P＜0.05). The siRNA-eEF2K+STS group had the largest range of changes in the above indexes. Conclusions Silencing eEF2K combined with STS can synergistically inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of A549 cells and promote cell apoptosis. The mechanism is potentially related to the inhibition of protein expression of p-AKT, Ki67, MMP-2 and Bcl-2.

Atmospheric and room temperature plasma(ARTP) Bacillus cereus was used to screen the strains with increased enzyme activity. The results showed that culturing Bacillus cereus in the seed solution for 6 hours could reach the middle and late logarithmic phase. When the mutagenesis time of normal temperature and atmospheric pressure plasma was 60 s, the lethality of Bacillus cereus reached 85%. A mutant strain with a 13.19% increase in chitosanase activity was screened. Then the stability of the enzyme activity was verified. The average enzyme activity after six generations of culture was 9.643367 U/mL, and the fluctuation was within 5%, indicating that its enzyme production was high and the stability was strong, and it could be used for subsequent starting strains. After the mutagenesis, the strain was observed by electron microscope, and it was found that the morphology of the colony did not change significantly, but the individual morphology of the strain had changed, and it was slenderer than the original strain, which proved that the increase in enzyme activity was the effect of ARTP mutagenesis.

Oil and gas pipelines are one of the main means for oil and gas transportation over the world, and the development trend of their planning and construction is mainly affected by the development of oil and gas resources, as well as the national and regional energy policies. By quantitative and qualitative information mining, the global energy consumption structure and pipeline construction development in 2020 were sorted out, the current operation status of global oil and gas pipelines was analyzed, and the construction and development trend of global oil and gas pipelines in major regions of the world under the new situation was predicted. In the future, the construction of global oil and gas pipelines will be mainly affected by three factors: economy, politics and environment. It is predicted that the overall construction of global oil and gas pipelines will tend to be stable in recent years. Affected by the international environment, the construction progress of transnational pipelines is uncertain to a large extent, and fewer transnational pipelines can be completed and put into service on schedule. Besides, the pipeline construction in each country mainly depends on the economic development situation thereof. However, due to the dual impact of the economic downturn under the global COVID-19 pandemic and the energy transition under the guidance of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", it is expected that the local pipeline construction in the world will be concentrated in Asia-Pacific Region in the future. Meanwhile, the European and American countries and regions will explore to construct new hydrogen-mixed natural gas transportation pipelines or reconstruct existing gas pipelines for hydrogen-mixed natural gas transportation.(5 Figures, 3 Tables, 31 References)

With the development of network virtualization technology,the deployment of service function chain in multi-domain network brings new challenges to the optimization of service function chain.The traditional deployment method usually optimizes a single target,which is not suitable for multi-objective optimization,and cannot measure and balance the weight among optimization targets.Therefore,in order to optimize the delay,network load balancing and acceptance rate of large-scale service function chain deployment requests synchronously,a data normalization processing scheme is proposed,and a two-step SFC deployment algorithm based on reinforcement learning is designed.The algorithm takes transmission delay and load balancing as feedback parameters and balances the weight relationship between them,and the SFC acceptance rate is optimized by using reinforcement learning framework simultaneously.The experimental results show that,the delay of the algorithm is reduced by 71.8% compared with LASP method,the acceptance rate is increased by 4.6% compared with MDSP method,and the average load balancing is increased by 39.1% compared with GREEDY method under the large-scale requests.The multi-objective optimization effect is guaranteed.

In order to solve the traditional A* algorithm is not taken into account when planning path obstacle distribution on the influence of the path selection,this paper puts forward an improved A* algorithm,the artificial potential field of thought and the traditional A* algorithm,the combination of the obstacles in grid map gives repulsive force function and the repulsive force around the grid size calculation,in order to improve the searching ability of A* algorithm,the repulsive force of the grid is introduced into the evaluation function of A* algorithm.The results of MATLAB simulation and Turtlebot experiments show that,compared with the traditional A* algorithm,the new improved algorithm combined with artificial potential field algorithm can plan a better path,improve the efficiency of path planning,and increase the search speed by 13.40%~29.68%.The path length is shortened by 10.56%~24.38%,and the number of path nodes is reduced by 6.89%~27.27%.The experimental results show that the improved A* algorithm has obvious optimization effect and is effective and feasible.

Objective To explore the application value of high⁃resolution magnetic resonance imaging vascular wall imaging (HR⁃VWI) in endovascular recanalization of chronic internal carotid artery occlusion (CICAO). Methods A total of 11 patients with symptomatic CICAO were treated by recanalization from March 2018 to September 2019. The original and ferminal part of occlusion, and occlusion segment with or without residual lumen, intracavitary thrombosis and arterial dissection were shownto classify accordingto preoperative HR⁃VWI. Type Ⅰ occlusion (ocular segment occlusion), typeⅡ occlusion [occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) bulb to the clinoid process and its proximal intracranial segment] and typeⅢocclusion (occlusion of the ICA bulb to the ocular segment and beyond), and type A occlusion (with residual lumen but without thrombosis or arterial dissection), type B occlusion (residual lumen, thrombus and arterial dissection in residual lumen), type C occlusion (no residual lumen and no thrombus and arterial dissection) and type D occlusion (no residual lumen but with intracavitary thrombosis and arterial dissection) were recorded by with preoperative and intraoperative DSA. The recanalization rate, perioperative complications and prognosis were recorded. Results The preoperative HR⁃VWI showed type Ⅰ occlusion in 2 cases,type Ⅱ occlusion in 6 cases and type Ⅲ occlusion in 3 cases, and type A occlusion in 4 cases, type B occlusion in 2 cases, type C occlusion in one case and type D occlusion in 2 cases. Compared with intraoperative DSA, the positive detection rate of HR⁃VWI for residual lumen, intracavitary thrombosis and arterial dissection was 10/11. One case (1/11) preoperative HR⁃VWI classification was type Ⅲ occlusion which confirmed by intraoperative DSA really was typeⅡocclusion. A total of 10 patients (10/11) for recanalization, one failure case was HR⁃VWI classification typeⅢ⁃C. Perioperative complications occurred in 2 patients (2/11). Six and 7 patients improved in the first and third month after surgery, and 5 and 4 patients were stable, one patient developed in⁃stent restenosis in the sixth month after the operation. Conclusions Preoperative HR⁃VWI showed residual lumen in occlusion segment indicated higher success rate of recanalization and safety, and thrombosis in the residual lumen increased the risk of perioperative complications, but did not reduce the success rate and prognosis of recanalization. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.06.004

ObjectiveTo explore relevant concepts of hospital resilience governance (HRG) in the context of major public health emergencies and to provide theoretical support for improving hospitals’ ability to respond to major public health emergencies. MethodsVia searching China National Knowledge Infrastructure, we retrieved 136 HRG-related literatures published from August 10, 2014 to April 25, 2021 and sorted out HRG-related semantics based on 1 662 paragraphs extracted from the literatures. ROST CM 6.0 software was used to perform semantic network analysis on the high-frequency keywords relevant to HRG. ResultsThrough semantic network analysis on 35 key elements of HRG abstracted from high-frequency key words in the 1 662 paragraphs, the concept of HRG in the context of major public health emergencies is defined as a management process to enhance a hospital′s overall resilience against the disturbance and impact caused by major public health emergencies through multi-departmental comprehensive management and multi-subjects cooperation; the implementation of the management process could support a hospital to maintain the stability of main functions due to promoted resistance, absorption, recovery, adaptation and learning when coping with a major public health emergency. ConclusionThe successful HRG in the context of major public health emergencies could be manifested directly by hospitals′ safe and orderly operation in high risk circumstances during whole process of major emergencies through continuous participation and cooperation of multiple subjects and departments.

The research on medical surge capacity and capability of medical institutions is a supplement to the research on the planning, mitigation, and response of the medical system in response to mass casualty incidents and of far-reaching policy significance. Based on the concept and key elements of medical institutions′ medical surge capacity and capability, this study divides the surge in demand for injuries caused by mass casualty incidents into two categories, the surge demand for intra-regional injuries and the surge demand for cross-regional injuries. The key issues and countermeasures that should be considered in the evaluation framework for different types of medical surge capacity and capability are pointed out to provide a theoretical basis for further construction of relevant index system.

Objective To summarize the clinical, pathological and genetic features of 10 patients with late ⁃ onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke ⁃ like episodes (MELAS). Methods and Results The clinical data of 10 patients with late ⁃ onset MELAS were retrospectively analyzed from January 2007 to December 2018. Muscle biopsy was performed in 8 cases. Polymerase chain reaction ⁃ fragment length polymorphism (PCR⁃RFLP) analysis and whole sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used to screen mtDNA mutations, and the mutation load of m.3243A > G in blood was detected by pyrophosphate sequencing. The onset age of the first stroke ⁃like episodes were 40-67 years old in all patients. The main manifestations included epilepsy, aphasia, headache, dementia, mental disorder, limb paralysis and visual impairment. Past history revealed 5 cases with diabetes mellitus, 6 with deafness, 3 with hypertension and 2 with stroke. Six patients had a family history of maternally inherited diabetic mellitus, and 2 had a family history of MELAS. Laboratory examination revealed 6 cases with hyperlipidemia, 6 with carotid atherosclerosis, 1 with stenosis of right internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery. Brain MRI showed cortex lesions involving one or more lobes in all patients, and 4 cases also had multiple infarctions in brainstem and basal ganglia. Muscle biopsy demonstrated ragged red fiber (RRF) and strongly succinate dehydrogenase ⁃ stained vessels (SSVs) in all of 8 patients except one. Genetic analysis identified 9 cases with m.3243A > G, and 1 with m.10191T > C mutation. The blood mutation load of m.3243A > G was 9%-33% in 7 cases. Conclusions The clinical phenotype of patients with late ⁃ onset MELAS was not significantly different from that of typical patients. However, the age of onset in late ⁃ onset MELAS was late, and it could be complicated with a variety of cerebrovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis. The hotspot mutation of this group of late ⁃ onset MELAS patients was m.3243A > G, but the mutation rate in blood was low. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.03.015

Objective To develop mathematical models for skeletal age determination with multiple statistic method based on the correlation between age and the growth of the epiphysis of extremitas sternalis of clavicle in Shanxi adolescents. Methods The 562 Shanxi sternoclavicular joint samples（454 cases of modelling, 108 cases of external verification） were scanned by the thin-section computed tomography. After volume rendering was obtained, indicators such as area of epiphysis, area of metaphysis, longest diameter of epiphysis and longest diameter of metaphysis of both extremitas sternalis of clavicle were collected. Indicators such as the ratio of area of epiphysis to area of metaphysis, and the ratio of longest diameter of epiphysis to longest diameter of metaphysis of both sides were calculated. Then multiple linear regression and random forest discriminant models were used to build mathematical models for age determination of adolescents. Results The obtained indicators exhibited a strong correlation with age （r>0.85）. The multiple linear regression model for males and females （all 4 indicators entering the model） based on the ratio of longest diameter of epiphysis to longest diameter of metaphysis and the ratio of area of epiphysis to area of metaphysis had an internal validation accuracy rate （±1.0 year） of over 92% and 108 cases had an external validation accuracy rate of over 70% （±1.0 year）. The out of bag error rates of random forest discriminant models were less than 2% for people over 18.0 years old （≥18.0 years old） and under 18.0 years old. The external validation accuracy rates of the 108 cases were over 80% . Conclusion The regression and discriminant models established in this study have certain reliability and accuracy and can be used in age determination of Shanxi adolescents.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of pulse radiofrequency via posterior branch of lumbar nerve combined with nerve block in the treatment of senile lumbar osteoporotic compression fracture pain. Methods A total of 76 patients with senile lumbar osteoporotic compression fracture pain were reported. Thirty-nine cases underwent pulse radiofrequency via posterior branch of lumbar nerve combined with nerve block (combination group), and 37 cases only underwent nerve block via posterior branch of lumbar nerve (control group). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) were used to evaluate clinical efficacy. Results Compared with before treatment, VAS and ODI scores were significantly decreased (P = 0.000, 0.000), 8 dimension scores (physical function, physical role, pain, health status, vitality, social function, mood and mental health) and total score of SF-12 were significantly increased (P = 0.000, for all) after treatment in both groups. Compared with control group, VAS and ODI scores were significantly decreased (P = 0.044, 0.027), 8 dimension scores (physical function, physical role, pain, health status, vitality, social function, mood and mental health) and total score of SF-12 were significantly increased (P = 0.032, 0.037, 0.028, 0.024, 0.035, 0.047, 0.038, 0.026, 0.029) in combination group. Conclusions Compared with nerve block, the clinical effect of pulse radiofrequency via posterior branch of lumbar nerve combined with nerve block is more prominent in the treatment of senile lumbar osteoporotic compression fracture pain, so it should be used in clinical practice. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.10.008

Recent research shows besides the symptom of tremor, essential tremor (ET) patients also present with motor symptoms such as dysfunction of cerebellum, and non-motor symptoms (NMS) such as cognitive impairment, mood symptoms and loss of hearing. The mechanism of ET remains unclear. The dysfunction of cerebellum, brain stem, red nuclei, thalamus and basal nuclei could be involved in ET. Several loci and genes were identified, which is helpful for the study of mechanism on ET. The therapies of ET include medication and surgery. The botulinum toxin A could be used in the ET patients whose main symptoms are tremor of head, hand and voice. The surgeries include thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation (DBS). DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.08.002

Objective To explore the effect of water-based exercise on motor function, balance function and walking ability in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Forty patients with primary PD were randomly divided into conventional land-based rehabilitation therapy group (land-based group, N = 20) and water-based exercise group (water-based group, N = 20). Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ (UPDRS Ⅲ) was used to evaluate the patients' motor function. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) were used to evaluate balance function. The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) were used to evaluate walking ability. All the tests were carried out before and after 8-week training in 2 groups. Results Patients in both groups had a significant decrease on UPDRS Ⅲ score (P = 0.000), TUGT (P = 0.000) after training, while they had a significant increase on BBS score (P = 0.000), 6MWT (P = 0.000) and 10MWT (P = 0.000). The water-based group had significantly lower UPDRSⅢ score (P = 0.037), shorter TUGT (P = 0.013) and higher BBS score (P = 0.018) than those in land-based group after training. Conclusions Both conventional land-based training and water-based training had positive effect on motor function, balance function and walking ability in PD patients. The water-based training had more positive effect than land-based therapy on motor function and balance function. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.05.006

In view of the traditional Gaussian mixture model (GMM),it was difficult to obtain the number of classes and sensitive to the noise.A remote sensing image segmentation method based on spatially constrained GMM with unknown number of classes was proposed.First,in the built GMM,prior probability that represented the membership between a pixel and one class was modeled as a Markov random field (MRF).In order to improve the sensitivity of noise,the smoothing factor was defined by combining the a posterior probability and the prior probability of neighboring pixels.For estimating the number of classes and the parameters of model,the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) and maximum likelihood (ML) estimation were employed,respectively.Finally,by minimizing the smoothing factor the final segmentation was obtained.In order to verify the proposed segmentation method,the synthetic and real panchromatic images were tested.The experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.

A new searchable encryption scheme was proposed in prime order bilinear groups based on the attribute-based encryption and polynomial equation.The scheme,in which each conjunctive-keyword ciphertext can be searched by a number of users,may significantly reduce the overhead of network and sending nodes' computation in the application of fine-grained access control.Meanwhile,the scheme facilitates the flexibility of conjunctive search by supporting arbitrary conjunctive search of the keywords.At last,the performance was analyzed and compared with some recent conjunctive search schemes.

Spinal department of neurosurgery develops in an all-round way in many European and American countries. The amount spinal surgery can reach half of all the department of neurosurgery surgery. It can be seen that spinal department of neurosurgery has huge development potential. Because of historical reasons, department of neurosurgery in China is less involved in the treatment of spinal and spinal cord diseases, and the diagnosis and treatment techniques in related fields are relatively backward. It is urgent to develop the spinal department of neurosurgery in China, whereas the bottleneck is talent training and reserve. This training program of spinal department of neurosurgery talent development intends to solve this problem. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.10.010

Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 18 autosomal short tandem repeats （STR） loci in Changsha Han population, and explore the population genetic relationships and evaluate its application value in forensic medicine. Methods The DNA of 2 004 unrelated individuals in Changsha Han population were amplified using Goldeneye?誖DNA ID System BASIC, and the PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis using 3130xl genetic analyzer. The fragment sizes of alleles were analyzed subsequently by GeneMapper?誖ID v3.2. The frequency data and forensic genetic parameters ［observed heterozygosity （Ho）, expected heterozygosity （He）, power of discrimination （DP） and polymorphic information content （PIC）］ of 18 STR loci were statistically analyzed. Total probability of discrimination （TDP）, probability of exclusion in trio cases （PEtrio） and probability of exclusion in duo cases （PEduo） were calculated by Cervus 3.0. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium of the loci were detected by Arlequin v3.5. The results were compared with the available data of other populations from different races and regions. Results The power of discrimination （DP）, and the polymorphic information content （PIC） of each locus of Changsha Han population ranged from 0.783 6 to 0.987 9 and 0.549 4 to 0.914 5, respectively. The TDP, cumulative probability of exclusion in trio cases （CPEtrio） and cumulative probability of exclusion in duo cases （CPEduo） were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 865 2, 0.999 999 979 and 0.999 988 325, respectively. According to the Nei’s DA genetic distance, the genetic distance between Changsha Han and Hunan Han populations was the smallest （0.014 1）, while it was the largest （0.041 8） between Changsha Han and Xinjiang Kazakh populations. Conclusion The 18 STR loci shows abundant genetic polymorphisms in Changsha Han population. The study of genetic diversity among different populations has an important meaning for the research of their origins, migrations and their relationships.

The time-domain characteristics of adaptive interference cancellation system with desired signal coupling to reference signal were analyzed.The analyses reveal the desired signal makes the system a time-variation system and the optimal weights were changed,which made the performance of cancellation system decreased and infulence the reception of the desired signal.According to the coupling characteristics of common platform communication system,the formulas of (ICR) interference cancellation ratio and (DCR) desired cancellation ratio were gained in time-domain.The law of ICR and DCR varying with relative delay phase was got.The method of delay time matching was brought forward.Through matching the delay time of the extraction point of the reference signal to the output of the orthogonal divider and the receiv-ing antenna to the injection point of the synthetic signal could suppress the decrease of ICR for the reference signal coupling desired signal.The simulation results reveal that the delay time matching can not only prevent the decrease of ICR for de-sired signal in reference signal but also improve the performance of cancellation system.

Objective To identify the sensitivity and specificity of Animal-City Alternating Form Fluency Test (ACFT) differentiating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) from normal controls. Methods A total of 121 MCI patients, 104 AD patients and 104 healthy controls, who were matched in sex, age and education level, were enrolled in this study. They performed Animal Category Verbal Fluency Test (AFT), City Category Verbal Fluency Test (CFT) and ACFT. A series of standard neuropsychological tests were also administered to reflect episodic memory, verbal ability, working memory, executive function and processing speed. The validity and related influencing factors of ACFT was evaluated. Results Compared with control group, the ACFT correct number in MCI and AD groups reduced significantly (P = 0.000, 0.000). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed the sensitivity and specificity of ACFT in discriminating MCI (P = 0.012, 0.030) and AD (P = 0.004, 0.003) from normal controls were higher than those of AFT and CFT. There was no correlation of correct number in ACFT with age and education (P > 0.05, for all). The correlations of ACFT with Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Shape Trail Test (STT) and Digit Span Test (DS), all of which reflected attention and executive function, were significantly closer than those of AFT and CFT (P < 0.05, for all). Conclusions ACFT is more efficient in early cognitive impairment identification than the other traditional category verbal fluency tests. It is a new variant form of category verbal fluency test that could assess cognitive function and could be broadly applied in clinical practice. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.07.010

The issue of the aerodynamic noises from wind turbine blades affecting the surrounding residents life begins to attract researcher's attention. Most of the existing researches are based on CFD software or experimental data fitting method to analyze the aerodynamic noises, so it is difficult to adapt the demand to dynamic analysis of the aerodynamic noises from wind speed variation. In this paper, the operation parameters, the inflow wind speed and the receiver location are considered, and a modified model to calculate aerodynamic noises from wind turbine blades which is based on traditional acoustic formulas is established. The program to calculate the aerodynamic noises from the 2 MW wind turbine blades is compiled using a time-domain analysis method based on the Simulink modular in Matlab software. And the pressure time sequence diagrams of the aerodynamic noises from wind turbine blades are drawn. It has provided a theoretical foundation to develop low noise wind turbine blades.

A regional and statistical based algorithm for texture image segmentation was proposed. The Voronoi tessella-tion was used for partitioning the domain of an image into sub-regions corresponding to the components of homogenous regions, to which the texture image needs to be segmented. Bivariate Gaussian Markov random field (BGMRF) model, static random field, and potts model were employed to characterize the interactions between two neighbor pixel pairs in a sub-region, and among sub-regions, respectively. Following Bayesian paradigm, a posterior distribution, which models the texture segmentation for a given texture image, was obtained. A metropolis-hastings algorithm was designed for simulating the posterior distribution. Then, texture segmentation was obtained by maximum a posterior (MAP) scheme. The proposed algorithm was tested with both of synthesized and real texture images. The results are qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated and show that the proposed algorithm works well on both of texture images.

The correlation studies mainly focus on the fields of elements design, physical layer communication, system planning and design on VLC network have not obtained enough attention yet. Therefore, the technical features of VLC and the typical network architecture were discussed, according to the evolution and development trend of the wireless communication system, some networking strategies for the indoor visible light networking were proposed, such as hierarchical cell coverage, control plane and user plane separation, distributed model and client-server model coexist in strategy. The key technologies of VLC system about the layout of lighting, network handover and access control were analyzed.

To overcome the problem that the performance of the traditional linear prediction (LP) analysis of speech dete-riorates significantly in the presence of background noise,a novel algorithm for robust LP analysis of speech based on super-Gaussian excitation was proposed.The excitation noise of LP was modeled as a Student-t distribution,which was shown to be super-Gaussian.Then a novel probabilistic graphical model for robust LP analysis of speech was built by in-corporating the effect of additive noise explicitly.Furthermore,variational Bayesian inference was adopted to approxi-mate the intractable posterior distributions of the model parameters,based on which the LP coefficients of the noisy speech were estimated iteratively.The experimental results show that the developed algorithm performs well in terms of LP coefficients estimation of speech and is much more robust to ambient noise than several other algorithms.

Guided by the concept of “model fitting, dynamic validation”, and based on the data of 10 coring wells, 257 logging wells, and the production performance in the dense spacing area during the past ten years, the underwater distributary channel sand reservoir in K1q4 of T51 Block, Fuyu Oilfield, Songliao Basin, was analyzed to examine the spatial distribution and identification marks of the architectures within the reservoir. Results indicated that the single channel sand body is 300–500 m wide and can be identified by such marks as inter-channel sediments, sand elevation difference between wells, difference of channel sand thickness, and “thick-thin-thick” sands association; the dip angle of the fourth-order interface is 0°–2°. Besides, the logging response characteristics and identification method of single channel sand bodies and their interior accreted bodies were defined for the reservoir. A 3D architecture model is established for the underwater distributary channel reservoir in the study area, providing a quantitative and reliable geological model for analysis of underwater distributary channel sands in the whole area. Key words: river dominated delta, Fuyu Oilfield, reservoir architecture, underwater distributary channel sand, barrier, interlayer

A time-domain model for adaptive interference cancellation system (AICS) involving both interference and desired signal was proposed.According to the theoretical analysis,the performances of AICS,such as desired signal cancellation ratio (SCR),interference cancellation ratio (ICR) and convergence time,were analyzed in detail.It was found that the AICS feedback circuit should be in the condition of low damping in order to reduce the negative effect of desired signal.The influences of several parameters on the performances of the AICS were obtained.The experimental results are in agreement with theoretical analysis,which is of great value to the optimization design of the AICS.

The issues of insufficient efficiency and poor error-tolerance of current high-order polynomial estimation me-thods under error conditions were studied.By combining the iterative berlekamp-massey(BM)algorithm in GF(2)and the improved Chase algorithm,a novel algorithm based on reliability accumulation was proposed.The sequence soft infor-mation was mapped to sequence reliability as the input information of BM algorithm,and the corresponding output relia-bility of estimated polynomial was accumulated as the rule of correct polynomial.In order to improve the estimation pre-cision,the candidate reliability-accumulated polynomial set were reduced by the characteristics of primitive polynomial in GF(2).The simulation results show that the proposed method is irrelevant with the tapped number of ator poly-nomial,and has a good estimation performance to estimate 17-order polynomials when the sequence BER is 18%.

Objective To assess the efficacy of shortened neuropsychological tests for discernment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by comparing 3 shortened tests [Animal Fluency Test (AFT), Color Trail Test (CTT) B and Bells Test (BT)], and to provide information for developing brief cognitive screening tool. Methods One hundred and twenty MCI patients and 180 cognitive normal controls (NC) were assessed by a set of standardized comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation including Mini⁃Mental State Examination (MMSE), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Logical Memory Test (LM), Rey⁃Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), AFT, Boston Naming Test (BNT), Cancellation Test (CT), Digit Span Test (DS), Stroop Color ⁃ Word Test (CWT), CTT A and B, Similarity Test, BT, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL), Self ⁃ Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results 1) AFT: the greatest difference was seen between MCI (12.65 ± 2.83) and NC (14.93 ± 2.49) in 45 s fluency test version (t = 7.315, P = 0.000). 2) CTT: there was significant difference between MCI (9.28 ± 3.53) and NC (13.43 ± 4.12) in terms of 1 min CTT version (t = 9.356, P = 0.000), and in which the differential efficacy nearly approached the full length version. 3) BT: there were significant differences between MCI and NC groups in all 4 scores including accuracy score, time, post⁃ advising accuracy score and total time (t = 4.164, 3.427, 3.616, 5.102, respectively; P = 0.000, for all). The average time for recancellation was 100 s. However, discerning efficacy was not obviously improved after recancellation. Conclusion Appropriately shortened version of Animal Fluency Test, Color Trail Test and Bells Test prensents the same discerning efficacy for MCI as the original versions. It is feasible for MCI screening. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2010.03.014

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2010.03.008

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2010.02.009

Objective To develop Chinese Card Sorting Test (CCST) as an efficient, brief test for evaluating executive function in Chinese elderly. Methods Thirty ⁃ five patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), 69 cases with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) [amnesic MCI⁃single domain (aMCI⁃s), 25; amnesic MCI⁃multiple domain (aMCI⁃m), 24; non⁃amnesic MCI (naMCI), 20] and 124 cognitively normal controls (NC) were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests including CCST. Three sets (including figures, words and numbers) of cards were adopted. Each set had 6 cards. Subjects were asked to sort cards according to shape, number, color and meaning. Full mark was 4 for each set and 12 for total 3 sets. Results 1) Comparison among NC, MCI and AD: according to test score, in NC group, Set Ⅱ was most difficult while Set Ⅰ was the easiest. However, in MCI and AD group, patients' scores were similar among 3 sets, which indicated that the discriminative efficacy was same among 3 sets. Set Ⅰ and Ⅲ sorting started with "color" and followed with "meaning". Set Ⅱ sorting started with "meaning". The accuracy score for Set Ⅱ was the lowest which may due to the inhibition effect of "meaning" against other sorting strategy (similar as "the Stroop effect"). "Number" was the most difficult and least adopted sorting dimension. There were few misclassification which indicated that the test design produced few misunderstanding. When the total score of CCST ≤ 6, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating AD was 94.32% and 74.24%, respectively. When the total score of CCST ≤ 5, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating AD was 74.35% and 89.52%, respectively. For subjects with low education, optimal cut⁃ off score should be selected as ≤ 5. For subjects with high education, optimal cut⁃off score should be set as ≤ 6. 2) Comparison among 3 MCI subgroups: the score in naMCI subgroup was the lowest (4.25 ± 2.07), while in aMCI ⁃ s subgroup was the highest (6.68 ± 1.65). The score in aMCI ⁃ m was between the 2 above subgroups (5.16 ± 2.26). There were significant differences among the 3 subgroups (P < 0.01, for all). CCST can be used to differentiate amnesic and non⁃amnesic MCI. There were significant differences between aMCI ⁃ s and naMCI for all 3 sets of cards. Significant differences only existed for Set Ⅱ between aMCI⁃m and naMCI. There were significant differences among 3 subgroups in "color" dimension. There were no differences among 3 subgroups in "number" and "meaning" dimension. There were significant differences between aMCI and naMCI in "color" and "number" dimension. There were no differences between aMCI and naMCI in "shape" and "meaning" dimension. Conclusion Chinese Card Sorting Test is an effective, rapid and usable test for differentiating amnesic and non⁃amnesic MCI. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2010.02.014

Objective: To evaluate the effect of malaria vector control measures so as to provide the evidence for consolidating the control effectiveness of malaria and carrying out the vector surveillance in Suizhou City., Methods: The distributions of Anopheles sinensis and An. anthropophagus were investigated by the combination of retrospective review and field survey. The changes of density and population of mosquito vectors were investigated and compared among various years., Results: From 1985 to 1996, both An. sinensis and An. anthropophagus were found in 18 towns, and An . anthropophagus mosquitoes accounted for 52.3% of the total Anopheles mosquitoes. Only An. sinensis mosquitoes were found in other 26 towns. In 2003 and 2004, An. anthropophagus mosquitoes were found in the original 18 towns, and they accounted for 47.0% and 38.1% respectively, but in 2005, An. anthropophagus mosquitoes were not found in this city. However, the density of An. sinensis presented an upward trend., Conclusions: An. anthropophagus population has gradually disappeared in Suizhou City, and currently, An. sinensis is the main Anopheles population, which might be the malaria vector in suitable conditions. Therefore, the surveillance and control of Anophe les vector should be strengthened in order to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.