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Chemotherapeutic drugs are the mainstay of treatment on mid-advanced tumors. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that chemotherapeutic drugs also have immunomodulatory effects. Some chemotherapeutic drugs can enhance anti-tumor immunity by inducing tumor cell immunogenic cell death or performing "immunogenic modulation". In addition, chemotherapeutic drugs can also act on immune cells and even the intestinal flora. A number of clinical trials of chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently underway. This article focuses on the immunomodulatory effect of chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as the potential of chemotherapy combined with ICI on cancer, to provide guidance for the clinical application of chemotherapeutic drugs.

Objective To analyze the expression of CEA, CA199 and CA724 in patients with urachal carcinoma, and to explore their correlation with disease diagnosis, staging, progression and treatment response. Methods Twelve urachal carcinoma patients with related tumor markers were selected as the research object and further divided into distant metastasis group (n=4) and non-metastasis group (n=8). We selected 40 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and 40 healthy people as the control groups. SPSS 23.0 and MedCalc 19 were used for data analysis. Results Twelve patients with urachal carcinoma were all adenocarcinomas. The expression of CEA in the urachal carcinoma group was significantly higher than that in urothelial carcinoma group and healthy control group (P=0.01). The positive rate of CA724 in the distant metastasis group was significantly higher than that in the non-metastasis group (75% vs. 0, P=0.018). In single test, CEA diagnosed urachal carcinoma with the highest AUC of 0.750 and 95%CI of 0.584 to 0.916. The AUC detected by the combination of both CEA and CA724 or three tumor markers were all larger than the AUC detected by single test, but without statistical significance (0.817 vs. 0.805, P=0.8509). Conclusion The expression of CEA in patients with urachal carcinoma is significantly increased. CA724 can be used as a predictor of distant metastasis of urachal carcinoma, and the combination detection of CA724 and CEA can provide an effective reference for the clinical diagnosis of urachal cancer.

Iron loaded biochar (Fe-BC) was prepared from dewatered sludge of tobacco factory and used to remove Cr(VI) from water. Results showed that the optimal preparation conditions of Fe-BC were pyrolysis temperature 700 °C, pyrolysis time 1.5 h, and moisture content of raw sludge 10%. When the initial concentration of Cr(VI) was 100 mg/L and the dosage of biochar was 6 g/L, the removal rate of Cr(VI) could reach 99.8%. The adsorption behavior of Fe-BC for Cr(VI) was heterogeneous, which could be well fitted by sips isothermal adsorption model and pseudo second order kinetic equation. The maximum saturated adsorption capacity was 75.23 mg/g. SEM and XRD analysis indicated that the removal of Cr(VI) by iron loaded biochar was the result of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, involving electrostatic adsorption, redox, galvanic cell reaction, coprecipitation. Therefore, Fe-BC prepared by pyrolysis of sludge from tobacco factory will be a good adsorbent for heavy metals and can be used in the treatment of tannery wastewater and other industrial wastewater, and thus realizes the comprehensive utilization of waste treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]