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In the southeast coastal area of China, existing railway lines, constructed long ago with low construction standards for railway subgrades, face significant impacts from the construction of soft ground improvement for newly built railway lines. Through on-site monitoring of foundation treatment construction, it is crucial to select the soft ground improvement method with minimal construction impact to ensure the operation safety of the existing railway. Based on the on-site monitoring data of the excess pore water pressure, surface displacement, and deep displacement in the construction of soft ground improvement, the study assesses the extent and magnitude of construction impact. The key findings include: (1) Ranking of construction impact magnitude: High-pressure jet grouting column (pipe pile) > deep cement mixing column > MJS column > geosynthetic reinforced column; (2) Construction impact range: deep cement mixing column, high-pressure jet grouting column, geosynthetic reinforced column and MJS column are about 5 m, 10 m, 3 m and 4 m, respectively. The construction disturbance of high-pressure jet grouting pile, pipe pile, polymer bag grouting pile and deep cement mixing column are compared based on the differences of excess pore water pressure, surface displacement, deep displacement and construction disturbance range. It is provided a basis for comparison and selection of schemes for soft ground improvement of new railway lines adjacent to existing railways. This optimization effectively controls the construction disturbance of the soft ground treatment of the new line and ensures the safety of the existing railway.

When measurement equipment for marine refractive index is calibrated, the existing calibration methods have problems such as low quantity, high price, and complicated operation. Based on the existing empirical model of seawater refractive index, the dynamic range of the corresponding refractive index was calculated with reference to the dynamic range of temperature and salinity in the range of 0–2 000 m in the South China Sea. This paper also proposed an equipment calibration method for measuring seawater refractive index based on distilled water. The distilled water medium was selected, and within the dynamic range of refractive index suitable for marine measurement, a refractive index measurement experiment with a temperature interval of 0.1 °C was carried out. By comparing with the theoretical interpolation value of the Tilton empirical model, the accuracy of the theoretical value obtained by the empirical model was verified, and a credible data set was selected for the subsequent calibration and application of the equipment for measuring seawater refractive index based on distilled water.

The Cu–Ti alloy has similar mechanical properties and electrical conductivity to the Cu–Be alloy. It also exhibits excellent high-temperature properties and stress relaxation resistance. Therefore, it has emerged as a promising material to replace the toxic Cu–Be alloy. With the technological advances, the new generation of connector materials put forward higher requirements for performance, such as strength over 1000 MPa and conductivity over 15%IACS. However, it is difficult to obtain Cu–Ti alloys with such high strength and conductivity. An effective way is to increase the aging temperature or prolong the holding time of the alloy. When the strength of the alloy is reduced, the increase in cost is inevitable. The refining of grains or the regulation of size and distribution of precipitates has proved more effective, which is also true for Cu–Ti alloys. Currently, the refined grain size is still 10–50 μm achieved through a series of common processing methods, including hot rolling, solid solution, and cold rolling. Therefore, the improvement of strength and conductivity is limited for the Cu–Ti alloy. This paper provides a preparation method for synchronously improving the strength and conductivity of the Cu–Ti alloy. The Cu–3Ti–0.1Mg–0.05B–0.05La alloy with an ultra-fine grain structure is obtained via the vacuum casting and cold billet opening. The secondary aging process is used to adjust the size and distribution of the second phase to obtain a Cu–Ti alloy strip with high strength and good conductivity. The results show that the Cu–3Ti–0.1Mg–0.05B–0.05La alloy displays the maximum microhardness of 356 HV and a conductivity of 14.5%IACS after aging at 400 ℃/2 h. The relationship between the second phase precipitation and properties of the Cu–3Ti–0.1Mg–0.05B–0.05La alloy was analyzed using TEM (Transmission electron microscope). The evolution of the second phase is the Ti-rich phase → the granular phase β′-Cu4Ti phase → the granular β′-Cu4Ti phase + lamellar β-Cu4Ti phase → the lamellar β-Cu4Ti phase. The granular β′-Cu4Ti phase is the most important strengthening phase; the lamellar β-Cu4Ti phase can decrease the strength of the alloy but increase the conductivity. The comprehensive properties of Cu–3Ti–0.1Mg–0.05B–0.05La alloy can be further optimized by the secondary aging process. The microhardness and electrical conductivity of the Cu–3Ti–0.1Mg–0.05B–0.05La alloy reach 341 HV and 20.5%IACS after the primary aging at 450 ℃/8 h + 50% cold rolling + secondary aging at 400 ℃/1 h.

In order to improve the catalytic property of the plate-type De-NOx catalysts, TiO2-montmorillonite and TiO2-acid treated montmorillonite were used as the composite carriers for the preparation of the catalyst. XRF, XRD, N2-adsorption, Raman, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD analysis were carried out to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the catalysts. The result shows that the BET surface area and the attrition strength of the catalysts with the using of composite carriers are higher than that of the traditional V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalyst. Alkali metal element (Na, K) contained in the montmorillonite has negative effect on the reducibility and acidity of V2O5-MoO3/TiO2-montmorillonite catalyst, which is unfavorable for the catalytic performance. The acid treatment improves the BET surface area of the montmorillonite, and decreases the alkali metal element content simultaneously. As a result, the catalytic activity of V2O5-MoO3/TiO2-acid treated montmorillonite catalyst is relatively high. Addtionally，this catalyst also exhibits well SO2 and H2O resistance.

An anticlinal structure with an axis plane along Yanhe river and a strike of about 330° is developed in the bedrock strata within the main urban area of AnSai County. In the bedrock strata, there are generally two groups of tensile joints parallel to the fold axis plane (320°-340°) and vertical (40°-60°), and two groups of conjugate shear joints diagonally intersecting the fold axis. The first group of conjugate shear joint planes struck direction near N-S (0°-10°) and near E-W (80°-90°), while the second group of conjugate shear joint planes strikes direction 100°-120° and 200°-210°. The multiple groups of joints with different strike directions developed in the bedrock have a strong control effect on the development of the collapse structure control plane with the same strike distribution in the study area. In the first group of conjugate shear joints, the near E-W (80°-90°) distributed joint planes control strongly the most developed collapse structure control planes in the study area, and it has the highest correlation with the development of rock collapse in the study area. Secondly, two groups of tensile joint planes control two groups of highly developed rock collapse structural control planes with the same strike, and the second group of conjugate shear joint planes controls two groups of relatively less developed rock collapse structural control planes with the same strike.

Based on core, thin section, X-ray diffraction, rock pyrolysis, CT scanning, nuclear magnetic resonance and oil testing data, the macro and micro components, sedimentary structure characteristics, of Paleogene Kong 2 Member in Cangdong sag of Huanghua depression and evaluation standard and method of shale oil reservoir were studied to sort out the best shale sections for shale oil horizontal wells. According to the dominant rock type, rhythmic structure and logging curve characteristics, four types of shale lithofacies were identified, namely, thin-layered dolomitic shale, lamellar mixed shale, lamellar felsic shale, and bedded dolomitic shale, and the Kong 21 sub-member was divided into four quasi-sequences, PS1 to PS4. The PS1 shale has a porosity higher than 6%, clay content of less than 20%, and S1 of less than 4 mg/g; the PS2 shale has well-developed laminar structure, larger pore and throat size, better connectivity of pores and throats, high contents of TOC and movable hydrocarbon, S1 of over 4mg/g, clay content of less than 20%, and porosity of more than 4%; PS3 shale has S1 value higher than 6 mg/g and clay content of 20% - 30%, and porosity of less than 4%; and PS4 shale has lower TOC content and low oil content. Shale oil reservoir classification criterion based on five parameters, free hydrocarbon content S1, shale rhythmic structure, clay content, TOC and porosity, was established. The evaluation method of shale oil sweet spot by using the weighted five parameters, and the evaluation index EI were proposed. Through comprehensive analysis, it is concluded that PS2 is best in quality and thus the dual geological and engineering sweet spot of shale oil, PS3 and PS1 come next, the former is more geologic sweet spot, the latter more engineering sweet spot, and PS4 is the poorest. Several vertical and horizontal wells drilled in the PS2 and PS3 sweet spots obtained high oil production. Among them, Well 1701H has produced stably for 623 days, with cumulative production of over 10000 tons, showing bright exploration prospects of Kong 2 Member shale oil.

Objective To study the expression of protein kinase N1 (PKN1) in glioma and its influence on the biological behavior of glioma cells. Methods The expression of PKN1 gene was verified via GEPIA database, and LN229, U87 and A172 gliomas cells were detected by Western blotting. A172 cells were transfected with negative control sequence (siRNA⁃NC group) and PKN1 small interference RNA (siRNA) sequence (siRNA⁃PKN1 group). CCK⁃8 assay, flow cytometry, scratch assay and Transwell assay were applied to detect proliferation, apoptosis rate, migration ability and invasion ability, respectively. Results Analysis of GEPIA database showed that the expression of PKN1 mRNA in glioblastoma tissues (163 cases) was significantly higher than that in nontumorous brain tissues (207 cases, P < 0.05). Western blotting showed that the relative expression of PKN1 protein in A172 cells was higher than that in U87 cells (t = 3.096, P = 0.036) and LN229 cells (t = 8.994, P = 0.000). The proliferation ability of A172 cells in siRNA⁃PKN1 group was lower than that in siRNA⁃NC group at day 3-6 after PKN1 gene was knocked down (t = 3.275, P = 0.031; t = 5.949, P = 0.004; t = 10.430, P = 0.000; t = 6.645, P = 0.003). The scratch healing rate of A172 cells in both groups increased in different degree over time (F = 249.993, P = 0.000). After PKN1 gene was knocked down, both the scratch healing rate (F = 97.811, P = 0.000) and the invasion cells number (t = 5.840, P = 0.004) of A172 cells were lower than that of siRNA ⁃ NC group, while the apoptosis rate of A172 cells was higher than that of siRNA⁃NC group (t = 5.461, P = 0.006). Conclusions The expression of PKN1 mRNA in glioma was higher than that in nontumorous brain tissue, and knockout of PKN1 gene could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells, and induce the apoptosis of tumor cells. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.12.009

Compared with marine facies shale strata, lacustrine shale strata are more complicated in geological conditions, and thus more difficult to explore and develop. To realize economic exploration and development of lacustrine shale oil, the geological regularities of accumulation and high yield of retained movable petroleum in shale should be understood first. In this work, taking the shale strata of Kong 2 Member and Sha 3 Member in the Paleogene of Huanghua depression in the Bohai Bay Basin as examples, based on the previous joint analysis results of over ten thousand core samples and the latest oil testing, production test and geochemical data of more than 30 horizontal wells, accumulation conditions and models of retained movable petroleum in lacustrine shale were studied comprehensively. The study shows that at moderate organic matter abundance (with TOC from 2% to 4%), shale strata have the best match between oil content and brittleness, and thus are rich in oil and good in fracability. Moderate ancient lake basin size and moderate sediment supply intensity are the internal factors leading to best coupling of organic matter abundance and brittle mineral content in the shale formation. Moderate thermal evolution maturity of Ro of 0.7%–1.0% (at burial depth of 3200 to 4300 m) is the interval where oil generation from thermal evolution and oil adsorption by kerogen in shale layers match best, and retained movable petroleum is high in proportion. Moderate diagenetic evolution stage (3200 to 4300 m in the middle diagenetic stage A) is conducive to the formation of a large number of dissolved pores and organic matter pores, which provide storage space for shale oil enrichment. Moderate development degree of natural fractures (without damaging the shale oil roof and floor sealing conditions) is conducive to the storage, seepage and preservation of shale oil. The research results have overthrown the general understanding that high organic matter abundance, high maturity, and high development degree of natural fractures are conducive to shale oil enrichment, and have guided the comprehensive evaluation of shale oil and gas sweet spots and well deployment in the second member of the Kongdian Formation in the Cangdong sag and the Shahejie Formation in the Qikou sag. Industrial development of the shale oil in Kong 2 Member of the Cangdong sag has made major breakthrough, and important signs of shale oil have been found in Sha 3 Member of the Qikou sag, demonstrating huge exploration potential of lacustrine shale oil.

Objective To report a case of B-small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with osteolytic performance invading the intracranial and orbital part, and to analyze the clinical manifestations, imaging features, histological patterns and immunohistochemical phenotypes, diagnosis and treatment strategies of this disease combined with review of literatures. Methods and Results A 60-year-old female presented with left orbital swelling with intermittent headache. Head MRI showed space-occupying lesions invading left frontotemporal lobe, left greater wing of sphenoid bone, left lateral wall of sphenoid sinus, left lateral and upper orbital wall. Three-dimensional reconstructed CT showed extensive bone destruction in left frontal, temporal and sphenoid bone. The patient underwent tumor resection under general anesthesia. Histologically, the tumor cells were diffusely distributed. The nuclei were small, round and hyperchromatic, with sparse nucleoli and cytoplasm. The membrane of tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD5, positive for CD20 and CD43, partially positive for CD23, focally positive for CD138, sparsely positive for CD38 and sporadically positive for MUM1. The membrane and cytoplasm of tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The cytoplasm was positive for immunoglobulin κ-chain. Cyclin D1, CD10, CD56, Bcl-6, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), synaptophysin (Syn) and immunoglobulin λ-chain were negative. Ki-67 labeling index was about 70% . Final pathological diagnosis was B-SLL/CLL. The patient was treated by postoperative chemotherapy, and the 6-month follow-up showed a fine survival. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas are various, and the imaging features are atypical. A definite diagnosis depends on histopathological diagnosis. B-SLL/CLL should be differentiated from CNS metastatic tumors, other primary CNS tumors and other hematological diseases. Tumor resection guided by neuronavigation combining with chemotherapy and radiotherapy may achieve a good effect. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.08.007

Aiming at the problem that the detection quality and service life of high-precision，ultra-low temperature optical instruments or other precision detection instruments are seriously affected by the weak adsorption capacity of molecular sieve materials in the low orbit space environment，the appearances and adsorption properties of zeolite samples of ZSM-5，ZSM-22，MCM-41 and SAPO-11 in a low orbit environment are studied. The results show that atomic oxygen has almost no effect on the adsorption properties of the four kinds of material，while ultraviolet radiation can seriously reduce the adsorption properties of MCM-41，and the absorption ratio is reduced by about 2.44%，the adsorption properties of the other three kinds of material are increased in different degrees after ultraviolet irradiation. Compared with ultraviolet irradiation alone，atomic oxygen and ultraviolet radiation have little effect on MCM-41，but have a greater effect on SAPO-11 and ZSM-5，the adsorption capacity of SAPO-11 and ZSM-5 is significantly enhanced，and the absorption ratio is increased by approximately 1.7%. Finally，the four kinds of material are baked，the results show that the absorption ratio of MCM-41 is restored to that of the original sample after heating，which indicates that the network damage caused by UV irradiation can be improved by baking，so the damage of MCM-41 by UV irradiation can be repaired. Overall，the four kinds of material can be reused by baking.

Background The incidence rate of stroke is high and the risk of recurrence is substantial. Most stroke patients need to transition to home after treatment, and the experience during this period is complex. Therefore, there is an urgent need to comprehensively understand experiences and feelings of patients during hospital to home transition through Meta-integration. Objective To systematically evaluate qualitative studies on stroke patients' hospital to home transition experiences. Methods A computerized search was undertaken for qualitative studies on the hospital to home transition experience of stroke patients in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CNKI, and Wanfang Data from inception to July 11, 2023. The quality of the final included literature was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Quality Evaluation Criteria for Qualitative Research (2016), Australia, and the results were combined using a pooled integration approach. Results A total of 13 studies were included, and 46 findings were distilled and categorized into 7 categories, yielding three final integrative findings: dynamic changes in the physical and psychosocial dimensions have interactive effects; a strong need for holistic caregiving; and active coping with illness and gradual transition to a new life norm. Conclusion During the period of transition from hospital to home, stroke patients face complex physical and mental challenges as well as multi-level care needs. Healthcare providers should pay attention to the real experiences and unmet needs of stroke patients throughout the hospital to home transition, provide holistic and continuous care services, and facilitate the comprehensive physical, psychological and social transition for patients.

Background Previous studies have found that 25%-85% of stroke patients develop post-stroke fatigue (PSF) , and continuous feeling of fatigue seriously affects patients' daily life and rehabilitation process. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the psychological experience and needs of such patients. However, the results of previous single qualitative studies may not be representative. Objective To systematically review and integrate qualitative studies on the fatigue experience of patients with PSF, so as to provide a reference for the construction of management strategies for PSF patients. Methods PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-Based Health Care database, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM were searched by computer to screen qualitative studies on fatigue experience of patients with PSF from inception to July 5, 2023. JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia was used to evaluate the quality of included literature, and Meta-synthesis was performed to integrate results. Results A total of 10 papers were included, and 22 primary outcomes were distilled, grouped into 8 categories, and synthesized into 4 integrated outcomes, including significant lack of cognition of PSF; intricate negative physical and psychological experience; different self-regulation of PSF and multiple needs for PSF rehabilitation. Conclusion PSF patients have insufficient cognition of fatigue with significant negative physical and psychological experience. Therefore, PSF patients should be identified and screened at an early stage with strengthened fatigue education and personalized fatigue management strategies. Emphasis should also be placed on the role of community and family in the management of fatigue, so that they can work together with healthcare professionals to provide a favorable rehabilitation environment for PSF patients.

The rapid and extensive growth of artificial intelligence introduces new security challenges. The generation and defense of adversarial examples for deep neural networks is one of the hot spots. Deep neural networks are most widely used in the field of images and most easily cheated by image adversarial examples. The research on the defense techniques for image adversarial examples is an important tool to improve the security of AI applications. There is no standard explanation for the existence of image adversarial examples, but it can be observed and understood from different dimensions, which can provide insights for proposing targeted defense approaches. This paper sorts out and analyzes current mainstream hypotheses of the reason for the existence of adversarial examples, such as the blind spot hypothesis, linear hypothesis, decision boundary hypothesis, and feature hypothesis, and the correlations between various hypotheses and typical adversarial example generation methods. Based on this, this paper summarizes the image adversarial example defense techniques in two dimensions, model-based and data-based, and compares and analyzes the adaptation scenarios, advantages and disadvantages of different technical methods. Most of the existing image adversarial example defense techniques are aimed at defending against specific adversarial example generation methods, and there is no universal defense theory and method yet. In the real application, it needs to consider the specific application scenarios, potential security risks and other factors, optimize and combine the configuration in the existing defense methods. Future researchers can deepen their technical research in terms of generalized defense theory, evaluation of defense effectiveness, and systematic protection strategies.

In order to identify the key taste components of Trachypenaeus curvirostris, the flavor characteristics of free amino acids, inorganic ions, quaternary ammonium compounds, saccharides, organic acids, nucleotides, glutathione in raw and cooked shrimps were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), electronic tongue (EN) and taste recombination experiments based on sensomics. The results showed that the total content of free amino acids in shrimp increased by 19.79% from 1 165.94 to 1 396.64 mg/100 g after heat treatment, and the contents of Gly, Arg, Pro, Ser and Tau significantly increased. The contents of Na+ and Cl- were higher in cooked shrimp, and so were betaine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, nucleotide and their derivatives. In addition, the taste activity values (TAV) of glutamic acid, glycine, Na+, Cl-, lactic acid and 5’-IMP were greater than 1, indicating that they might be active compounds contributing to the taste of T. curvirostris. The results of taste recombination experiments showed that the flavor profile of the recombination model was similar to that of the natural extract. The key taste compounds identified were glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, arginine, 5’-IMP, 5’-GMP, Na+, K+, Cl-, betaine and trimethylamine-N-oxide. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the processing of T. curvirostris.

Radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) could supply power for various engineering applicated scenarios, including sea, terrestrial and space due to its long-life span, strong environment adaptability and maintenancefree. Among them, powering terrestrial equipment is one of the important applications for RTG. 241AmO2 can be utilized as a source of terrestrial RTG energy supply because of its long half-life, wide access and low dose rate. This article designs a 60-watt-class 241AmO2 RTG and calculates the output electrical performance and safety performance under different environment temperature in terrestrial based on ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) software. The results show that the maximum output power and temperature distribution of RTG is clearly influence by the environment temperature. The RTG could provide output electrical power range from 66.0 to 75.7 W while the environment temperature is -60~50 ℃. The maximum of fuel and thermoelectric module hot junctions temperature are 789 ℃ and 717 ℃. The output electrical and safety performance meet the requirements of RTG design index.

Smart contracts running on the blockchain platform completethe establishment and automatic execution of a greements between different participants,and also manage a large number of digital assets.The frequent exposure of smart contract loopholes has caused incalculable economic losses.Fuzzing is an effective dynamic vulnerability detection technique that has been applied to smart contract security research.This paper analyzes the problem of insufficient summarization of smart contract fuzzing in existing review work,and proposes a basic framework for smart contract fuzzing.Taking Ethereum smart contracts as an example,which are currently the most widely studied in smart contract security,the account mechanism and transaction structure closely related to smart contracts are introduced,and the characteristics of smart contracts that are different from traditional programs are summarized.The vulnerabilities of smart contracts are expounded,and the vulnerabilities covered by these smart contract fuzzing techniques are compared.Furthermore,the input generation of the existing smart contract fuzzing technology is analyzed from the aspects of single transaction and transaction sequence.The input mutation is summarized from the functional level,transaction level and transaction sequence level.The use of test oracles for existing smart contract fuzzing techniques is briefly described.In addition,the corresponding technical evaluation indicators are also summarized.Finally,the problems faced by smart contract fuzzing are proposed,and the future research directions are prospected.

In order to provide the basis of the selection of service casing material in a representative oil field in the middle east. The effects of different CO2 partial pressure, H2S partial pressure, water content, immersion time and other factors on the corrosion behavior of L80 - 1 casing material in a representative oilfield in the Middle East was studied by weight loss test, orthogonal test, SEM and XRD. Results showed that water content was the most important factor affecting the corrosion rate of L80 - 1 steel, followed by CO2 partial pressure, H2S partial pressure and temperature, and Cl- concentration was the least. With the prolonging of the immersion time, the corrosion rate of L80 - 1 steel decreased, and the film became more and more compact and flat. With the increase of CO2 partial pressure, the corrosion rate of L80 - 1 steel showed a trend of increase first and then decreased, reaching the maximum value at 2.00 MPa. With the increase of H2S partial pressure, the corrosion rate of L80 - 1 steel increased continuously. The corrosion of L80 - 1 steel was slight in the early stage of exploitation, but once the water content in the produced liquid exceeded 30%, the corrosion rate increased rapidly, so anti - corrosion measures must be taken in the middle and late stages of exploitation. Based on the basic data of corrosion behavior research, CO2 - H2S corrosion charts of several casing steels were drawn. The corrosion charts showed that the application scope of L80 - 1 steel was limited in typical Middle East oil field corrosion environment, and L80 - 3Cr steel might be a better choice for the long - term safe exploitation of oil field as it could balance the requirements regarding corrosion resistance and cost saving.

The unbalanced burden on the nodes nearing the ground station pose challenges on the multi-hop data transmission in aerial sensor networks(ASNs).In order to achieve reliable and efficient multi-hop data transmission in ASNs,a reinforcement-learning based queue-efficient geographic routing(RLQE-GR) protocol is proposed.The RLQE-GR protocol maps routing problem into the general reinforcement learning(RL) framework,where each UAV is treated as one state and each successful packet forwarding is treated as one action.Based on the framework,the RLQE-GR protocol designs a reward function related to geographical location,link quality and available transmission queue length.Then,the Q-function is employed to converge all the sta-teaction values(Q-values),and each packet is forwarded based on potential state-action values.To converge all Q values and minimize performance deterioration during the convergence process,a beacon mechanism is employed in RLQE-GR protocol.In contrast to existing geographic routing protocols,the RLQE-GR protocol simultaneously takes the queue utilization,link quality and relative distance into consideration for forwarding packets.This makes the RLQE-GR protocol achieve load balancing,meanwhile not introducing strict performance deteriorations on routing hop and link quality.Moreover,due to the near-optimization character of RL theory,the RLQE-GR protocol can achieve routing performance optimization on packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.

The application of straw biochar in farmland in Dongting Lake area can realize the resource utilization of straw and reduce environmental risk. In 2020, a rice pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different biochar application levels on ammonia volatilization rate, cumulative ammonia volatilization, pH value, and NH 4 + -N concentration in surface water. Six levels of reed ( Miscanthus lutarioriparius ) biochar amount, i.e. , 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of soil weight of the 0-20 cm column, were applied in two typical paddy soils in sou-thern China, i.e ., reddish clayey soil derived from quaternary red soil and granitic sandy soil derived from granite. Compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 200 kg N·hm -2 . The results showed that biochar application resulted in significant differences in the rate and cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization between the two soils and among different biochar treatments. For the granitic sandy soil, peak ammonia volatilization under different biochar treatments appeared at the second day after fertilization, which was decreased by 23.6%-53.4%. For the reddish clayey soil, peak ammonia volatilization appeared between the 7th to 13th day after fertilization, which increased with biochar addition level. The rate of ammonia volatilization from the granitic sandy soil was generally higher than that from the reddish clayey soil. For the granitic sandy soil, addition of <4% biochar could inhibit the ammonia volatilization and cumulative volatilization amount, with the greatest reduction (46.9%) at the treatment with 2% biochar addition. The addition of biochar did not affect the pH value of surface water at the early stage of rice growth. For the reddish clayey soil, the pH value and NH 4 + -N concentration in the surface water increased with biochar addition level, resulting in the increases of ammonia volatilization rate and cumulative volatilization amount by 1.3-10.5 times. Biochar addition level was the key factor affecting ammonia volatilization from the two soils. Elovich equation could well fit the variation trend of cumulative ammonia volatilization with time for the two soils, with the correlation reaching extremely significant level for each treatment. Overall, the application of reed biochar could suppress ammonia volatilization from the granitic sandy soil which was nearly neutral in acidity, while would promote ammonia volatilization via increasing pH value and NH 4 + -N concentration of surface water for the acidic reddish clayey soil. Therefore, appropriate dosages of reed biochar should be selected for different types of soil in order to reduce nitrogen loss.

Cemental dysplasia is a non-neoplastic lesion and features different X-ray appearances that easily confuse dentists. This condition is often observed in conventional dental films or occasionally on panoramic radiographs. Cemental dysplasia is easily misdiagnosed as chronic periapical periodontitis, osteomyelitis, and tumor. In this paper, clinical mani-festations, imaging diagnosis, and the correlation between these variables are analyzed to achieve correct diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the radiographic features of submandibular sialiths in cone beam CT (CBCT) images., Methods: Eighty-four patients with submandibular radiopaque sialiths were included in this study. The clinical features of gender and age and the radiographic features on CBCT, including the number, morphology, size, and location, were recorded for further statistical analysis., Results: A total of 128 sialiths were detected from the 84 subjects; 22 subjects (26.19%) had multiple sialiths. The morphology of the sialiths was classified into five types: spot, round, spheroid, elongated, and irregular shapes. Among these types, the spheroid shape was the most frequently detected. A correlation was observed between the size of the sialiths and their location, with the large sialith located at the posterior portion of the duct. About 39.06% (50/128) of sialiths was located at the anterior portion of the duct, and 60.94% (78/128) was located at the posterior portion. The horizon- tal position of the sialith was significantly correlated with its vertical position (P < 0.0001)., Conclusion: The CBCT images showed important data for the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment plan of the submandibular sialolithiasis.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and accuracy of the use of vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) versus wire localization (WL) in the diagnosis of non-palpable breast lesions (NPBL)., Methods: Ninety-seven consecutive women with NPBL were randomized into VAB group and WL group. All specimens were identified by mammography. The patients were requested to score the cosmetic appearance of their breast after operation, and a numerical rating scale was used to measure pain on the first postoperative day. Underestimation rates for atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were recorded if open surgical biopsy revealed DCIS and invasive cancer, respectively. Clear margins were also recorded in the two groups., Results: VAB and WL located all the NPBL successfully. In the VAB group, the specimen volume was smaller than that of the WL group (2.3 cm(3) vs. 18.4 cm(3), P = 0.03). Underestimation rates of ADH and DCIS in the VAB group were 16.7% and 11.1%, respectively. The diagnostic accordance rate of VAB was 97.9%, the false negative rate was 2.1%, and there was no false positive case. The means of the numerical rating pain scale were different in both groups (1.7 for VAB vs. 2.5 for WL, P = 0.02). When cosmetic results were taken into account, 40 VAB patients had excellent outcomes and 8 good outcomes, compared with 25 excellent and 24 good for the WL group. There were better cosmetic outcomes with the VAB procedure (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: VAB is highly reliable and may avoid diagnostic open surgery in the majority of patients with benign lesions. However, because of the underestimation of histologic diagnosis and tumor margin involvement, VAB can not be used to completely substitute wire localization.

Aim: To study the correlation between 5-HT-induced pain response and the contribution by individual 5-HTR subtypes including 5-HT1R, 5-HT2R and 5-HT3R at the level of peripheral primary afferent., Methods: The experiments were done on acutely isolated trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons using whole-cell patch clamp technique and the nociceptive effect was observed on behavior experiments by intraplantar injection of test drugs., Results: The majority of cells examined responded to 5-HT in a manner of concentration dependence (10(-6) - 10(-3) mol/) (61.4%, 54/88) and with a fast activating and rapid desensitizing inward current (I(5-HT)), which was thought to be mediated by the activation of 5-HT3R, since it could be blocked by 5-HT3R antagonist ICS 205930 and mimicked by 5-HT3R agonist 2-methyl-5-HT. It was found that I(5-HT) was potentiated by 5-HT2R agonist alpha-methyl-5-HT markedly, while 5-HT1R agonist R-(+)-UH 301 did not. In behavioral experiment performed on conscious rats, intraplantar injection of 5-HT(10(-5), 10(-4) and 10(-3) mol/L) induced an increment of cumulative lifting time first 20 min in a manner of concentration dependence. By dissociating 5-HTR subtypes using their corresponding antagonists (ICS and CYP) the potency order of hindpaw lifting time was identified as follows: 5-HT > 5-HT + ICS > 5-HT + CYP., Conclusion: The results suggest that in 5-HT-induced nociceptive response at the primary sensory level 5-HT3R may play a role of initiation, but 5-HT2R mediates maintaining and modulatory effect in the processes of nociceptive information convey.

Aim: To study the role of NO in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) in the development of stress-induced hypertension (SIH)., Methods: The model of stress-induced hypertension (SIH) rat was established by electric-foot in company with noise, NADPH-d histochemistry technique was used to investigate the change of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) positive neurons. Selecting and using microinjection and radioimmunoassay, we studied the effects of blood pressure and the content of Ach in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) after microinjection of L-NNA into PAG., Results: (1) The blood pressure increased, the cell number decreased and the grey degree value increased for the NOS positive neurons of PAG dorsolateral subdivision in SIH rats, and the content of Ach increased in RVLM. (2) Following microinjection of 100 mmol/L 0.1 microl L-NNA into PAG, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the content of Ach in RVLM increased in control rats, whereas the change of MAP was significantly smaller in SIH rats than control., Conclusion: The plastic change of NOS positive neurons of PAG in SIH rats may be involved in the development of SIH, which may be mediated by Ach in RVLM.