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Objective To preliminarily summarize the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of functional movement disorder (FMD) based on movement disorders clinic in China. Methods and Results A total of 593 patients with movement disorders newly diagnosed in movement disorders clinic of 22 clinical medical centers from August to September in 2023 were included, including 37 patients (6.24%) with FMD and 556 patients (93.76%) with organic movement disorder. Comparison of the epidemiological characteristics of the 2 groups, the proportions of corona virus disease (COVID⁃19) infection (χ2 = 4.217, P = 0.040) and psychopsychological symptoms (χ2 = 18.694, P = 0.000) in the FMD group were higher than those in the organic movement disorder group, while age (t = 3.757, P = 0.000), age of onset (t = 3.720, P = 0.000) and proportion of hypertension (χ2 = 4.736, P = 0.030) were lower than those in the organic movement disorder group. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of the 2 groups, the FMD group had higher proportions of tremor (χ2 = 3.955, P = 0.047) and myoclonus (Fisher′s exact probability: P = 0.011) than the organic movement disorder group, and the proportions of parkinsonism (χ2 = 8.491, P = 0.004) and gait disorder (χ2 = 5.028, P = 0.025) were lower than those in the organic movement disorder group. Conclusions The age and age of onset, as well as the proportions of COVID⁃19 infection, hypertension, psychopsychological symptoms, tremor, myoclonus, parkinsonism and gait disorder with FMD were different from those with organic movement disorder in China.

With the globalization of the integrated circuit industry, hardware Trojan is becoming the main threat to integrated circuits. At present, the side-channel analysis which can make a good trade-off between detection ability and cost, has attracted more attention from the academia. The side-channel analysis method based on electromagnetic radiation is one of the hotspots in hardware security field. The ability evaluation of electromagnetic radiation analysis method to detect hardware Trojan was focused, and the factor that limited their detection performance was explored. The experimental results on FPGA show that the electromagnetic radiation analysis method can effectively detect hardware Trojan whose electromagnetic radiation distribution is significantly different from surrounding circuits, but it cannot be applied to hardware Trojan with complex frequency distribution of electromagnetic radiation.

Objective To establish a Nomogram model for assessing the risk of intestinal colonization by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) to determine the specific probability of colonization and adopt individualized prevention strategies for the purpose of reducing the occurrence of colonization and secondary infection of neonatal CRKP. Methods A total of 187 neonates hospitalized between January 2021 and October 2022 and diagnosed with CRKP colonization by rectal swab/fecal culture as well drug sensitivity identification 48 h after admission were assigned to the CRKP group. Another 187 neonates without non-CRKP colonization during the same period were set as the non-CRKP group. All the data of the two groups were used for a retrospective analysis. The caret package in R 4.2.1 was used to randomly divide the 374 cases into the model group and validation group at a ratio of 3:1. Then the glmnet package in R 4.2.1 was used to conduct a LASSO regression analysis over the data from the model group to determine the predictive factors for modeling and the rms software package was used to build a Nomogram model. The pROC and rms packages in R 4.2.1 were used to examine the data, analyzing the consistency indexes (Cindex), receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), and area under the curves (AUC) and performing the internal and external validation of the efficacy of the Nomogram model via the calibration curves. Results LASSO regression analysis determined eight predictors from the 35 factors probably affecting neonatal CRKP colonization: gender, cesarean section, breastfeeding, nasogastric tube, enema, carbapenems, probiotics, and hospital stay. The Nomogram model constructed using these eight predictors as variables could predict CRKP colonization to a moderate extent, with the area under the ROC curve of 0.835 and 0.800 in the model and validation group, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the predicted probability was highly consistent with the actual probability (the modeling group: P = 0.678 > 0.05; the validation group: P = 0.208 > 0.05), presenting a higher degree of fitting. Conclusion The Nomogram model containing such variables as gender, cesarean section, breastfeeding, nasogastric tube, enema, carbapenems, probiotics, and hospital stay is more effective in predicting the risk of neonatal CRKP colonization. Therefore, preventive measures should be individualized based on the colonization probability predicted by the Nomogram model in order to keep neonates from CRKP colonization and reduce the incidence of secondary CRKP infections among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of uneven wear of TC bearing that conventional method brought and improve its service life,wear-resistant coating was fabricated on the surface of steel parts matrix with the method of laser additive manufacture. The Cr3C2/Fe based alloy was deposited by laser cladding technique on the inner-sleeve cylindrical and outer-sleeve bore of TC bearing with two different process parameters. The high-performance coating was obtained respectively, of cracks free,no pores and with good metallurgical quality. The morphology of the laser cladding coating was observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM),the composition was analyzed by EDS,the phase transformation was characterized by XRD. The wear resistance,corrosion resistance and hardness of the laser cladding layer were tested by friction and wear tester,salt spray test chamber and digital micro-hardness tester respectively. The results show that the average micro-hardness of composite coating is HV700. The wear resistance of the composite coating is about 3 times as much as the Ni-based alloy. The corrosion resistance is close to 316L stainless steel.

We examined the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on phosphorus forms of marsh soils, based on the method of space-for-time substitution by selecting S. alterniflora marshes with different invasion years (SA1, 5-6 years; SA2, 8-10 years; and SA3, 12-14 years) in Shanyutan of the Minjiang River estuary. The results showed that in marsh soils of different invasion years, the proportion of hardly decomposable phosphorus (HCl-Pi and Residual-P) was the highest (46.4%-46.7%), followed by moderately decomposable phosphorus (NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po and Sonic-Pi) (40.0%-44.0%), and the easily decomposable phosphorus (Resin-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi and NaH-CO3-P0) was the lowest (9.5%-13.3%). With increasing invasion years of S. alterniflora, soil phosphorus forms and their spatial distributions were greatly altered. The contents of moderately decomposable phosphorus, hardly decomposable phosphorus, and total phosphorus (TP) generally increased, while easily decomposable phosphorus content generally decreased. Compared with SA1, the contents of moderately decomposable phosphorus, hardly decomposable phosphorus and TP in SA2 increased by 11.5%, 9.7% and 10.5%, while those in SA3 increased by 24.8%, 13.2% and 13.5%, respectively. The distribution of phosphorus forms was greatly altered with increasing invasion years, which was dependent on the variations of key factors such as EC, pH value and grain composition. The implementation of regular mowing activities for S. alterniflora in the Minjiang River estuary in recent years, to some extent, reduced the return of phosphorus from residues to soils and decreased the availability of the easily decomposable phosphorus in soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg MB26/Al 7075 bimetal composite mandrels with different number of mandrels (one, three, and five) were successfully prapared by coating extrusion method. The effects of different number of mandrels on the microstructure and the interface quality were studied. The mechanical properties of Mg/Al composites with different mandrels were analyzed and compared. The results show that under the condition of extrusion temperature of 320 °C and extrusion ratio of 25, Mg/Al composite with different bimetals are produced. The grain refinement and homogenization degree of the five-core's core and edge are better than the three-core's, that is, the influence of the interface surface area of the multi-core structure on the grain refinement and uniformity are more obvious than the mechanical factor of the complete axial symmetry. As the number of mandrels increases, the thickness of the interlace layer decreases slightly, especially, the decrease in the thickness of the near-magnesium layer is more obvious. The yield strength varies little and has a slight increase trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the steps for the design and manufacture of the die increase, it is more and more possible to have hardware Trojans implanted in the chip. So it is necessary to detect the hardware Trojans for the die, especially with high security requirements. Reversely anatomizing the die and comparing it with the original GDSII file on the consistency is one of the main methods to test whether the die has been implanted hardware Trojans or not. It is an important step to generate the pictures from the GDSII file and make the pictures correspond to the photos which are got by reversely anatomizing the die. Therefore, we propose a two-point position algorithm for the segmentation of GDSII pictures. Meanwhile, for the position offset of the picture information generated in the process o£ taking photos of die and splicing, we propose a correction algorithm based on deviation statistics. Engineer practical application proves that the algorithm revises the deviation between the pictures generated from GDSII file and the photos of the die well. And it eliminates the impact from the position offset of the picture information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution characteristics of soil N/P ratio in alpine grassland ecosystem of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were surveyed by field investigation and laboratory analysis. Horizontally, soil N/P ratio was generally higher in west and lower in east in a manner of staggered patch distribution, with higher N/P ratios mainly centralized in the hinterland of northern part of Tibet Plateau and in the lake basin area of the northern foot of Himalayas. Significant differences in soil N/P ratio were observed among grassland types and natural transects. Vertically, the distribution of N/P ratio along the soil profile from aboveground to underground among different grass types could be categorized in to five patterns, including low-high-low-high, low-high-low, low-high, high-low-high-low, and high-low-high. The N/P ratio showed a significant positive correlation with soil bulk density at 0-20 cm depth, soil water content at 20-30 cm depth, contents of soil available K and total nitrogen, respectively. However, it showed significant negative correlation with soil bulk density at 20-30 cm depth, contents of soil available P and total P, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information searching is a crucial part of the decision-making process of tourists seeking to participate in tourism. And tourists as a whole have become increasingly inclined to search travel information through the Internet due to the overall popularity of the Internet and the development of information technology (IT). Western research findings related to information searching have been considerably abundant. However, the few domestic papers that exist only focus on specific information types which tourists always search. Although western research is rather mature, the previous research mainly focused on searching motivations in traditional information channels resulting in a lack of research focusing on the searching motivations of those using the Internet. Compared with normal information channels, online information-searching motivations have unique characteristics affecting the information contents that tourists search. Consequently, in order to thoroughly comprehend information searching behaviors, it is necessary to explore the information-searching motivations and the search contents that are affected by searching motivations. Based on the combination of web survey and on-scene survey, using demographic statistics, factor analysis and correlation analysis methods, this paper analyzes domestic tourists' online information-searching motivations, search contents and the relationships between them. The findings are as follows: (1) Tourists who frequently search travel information online appear to be young, higher education and low income. The young or middle-aged tourists who have higher level of education, considerable income and abundant web-surfing experience are most likely to search travel information online. Tourists with lower income level, who are sensitive to cost, are cautious and need a lot of information to assist their travel decisions, and hence prefer to the network as their travel information channel. (2) Tourists' searching motivations for tourism information online can be divided into five categories; planning, transactional, experiential, entertaining, and recreational motivation. The planning motivation is the key driver, and entertaining motivation is stronger than transactional motivation, which indicates that tourists' need of broadening visions is stronger than that of purchase. Tourists wish to enjoy the delight and excitement of the searching process in addition to finding information to assist with their travel decisions. Additionally, tourists always embrace mixed motivations, of which the intensity is different. (3) The information contents searched by tourists can be divided into three groups; main information, subsidiary information, and network reputational information. Main information consists of transportation, accommodation, and travel information, and it has the greatest impact on tourist's travel decision. Subsidiary information involves factors relating to shopping, entertainment, and food service, and has a weak influence on the travel decision, although it is important in travel planning process. Network word-of-mouth information concerns recommendatory information such as travel strategies, logbooks and comments, and often has a decisive functionin the final travel decision. (4) Information contents searched by tourists differ due to different motivations. Tourists with planning motivation usually searches main information, including travel transportation, accommodation, destination, and scenic spot information. Tourists with transactional motivation is mostly concerned about network word-of-mouth information and subsidiary information such as local specialty, travel souvenir, entertainment facility or activity, and special food service information. However, tourists with experiential, entertaining and recreational motivations mainly focus on subsidiary information. In the end, based on the findings mentioned above, some suggestions for the construction of tourism websites and promotion are discussed, including mining the features of travel information searchers, enriching contents and functions of travel websites, matching the information needs of tourist, and broadening the visual angle of the market segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of the foreign relevant literature in the past fifteen years reveals that research on tourism information searching started pretty early overseas with broader study perspective and more mature in theoretical study and application of methods. Previous studies mainly focus on the following five aspects: network tourism information needs and searching motivations, searching content preference, searching behavior features, searchers; demographic characteristics and network tourism information sources. In terms of study methods, the organic combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is emphasized. With the help of advanced network softwares and technology, the study conclusion is more scientific and convincing. Finally, based on the study findings abroad, we try to look into the future study orientation in an attempt to provide references for domestic related research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two kinds of aerostatic bearing: two-row cylindrical bearings and closed-hole planar thrust bearing in the precision swing angle milling head spindle system were studied. To get the best film thickness and the corresponding maximum stiffness of the bearings in different throttling ways and under different Orifice diameter, the law of the bearing stiffness impacted by different structure parameters was obtained by using engineering design and calculation methods and the numerical simulation of the aerostatic bearing flow was carried out by FLUENT, which indicated that the change of the bearing stiffness and carrying capacity was caused by the change of eccentricity. Meanwhile the structural parameters of the aerostatic bearing were optimized. Results show that when the bearings are working under a small eccentricity (ε < 0. 3 µm), its stiffness is a constant, and the carrying capacity increases with the increasing of eccentricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the spindle speed of high precision CNC milling machine up to 160 000 r/min, the cutting torque of blades less that 0. 005 N · m, an aerodynamic calculation and graphic design have been done for the swinging angle milling head spindle- driven turbine-type air motor cascade, and numerical simulation of aerodynamic character has been conducted by using software Fluent. The results have been compared with the theoretical calculations to verify the correctness of simulation. The change of aerodynamic characteristics with inlet angle, leaf number and blade height, has been studied and the best parameters are inlet angle 21°, leaf number 36 , and blade height 3. 5 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Origin2022Pro, PAST4.09, GraphPad, and ArcGIS, this study analyzed the big data of the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Jilin province from five dimensions: differences in resource quantity, taxonomic group, family, and genus, regional distribution, and spatiotemporal distribution, aiming to fully elucidate the biodiversity of medicinal plants in Jilin province. The results indicated that 2 241 species of medicinal plants existed in Jilin province, belonging to 881 genera of 243 families, with 20 dominant families and 3 dominant genera. There were 1 901 species of medicinal plants(belonging to 778 genera of 227 families) in the eastern mountainous region, 1 503 species(belonging to 690 genera of 225 families) in the mid-mountainous areas of the central mountainous region, and 811 species(belonging to 436 genera of 136 families) in the western plain region. The biodiversity of medicinal plants in Jilin province was high and presented a trend of high in the east and low in the west. The medicinal plant resources were mainly concentrated in the eastern mountainous region, and the number of medicinal plant groups had significant diffe-rences between regions, following the trend of western region &gt; central region &gt; eastern region. The species richness was in the order of eastern region &gt; western region &gt; central region. The species diversity structure in the central region was similar to that in the eastern and western regions, while it was significantly different between the western and eastern regions. Compared with the third national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the fourth survey showed an increase of 1 417 species, a decrease of 580 species, and 824 common species, indicating significant changes in the biodiversity of medicinal plants in Jilin province. The reasons for these changes need to be further explored. This article elucidates the background and biodiversity changes of medicinal plant resources in Jilin province, laying a foundation for the protection, utilization, and industrial development of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Jilin province.

Objectives: To observe the effect of acupuncture on the ocular surface symptoms and the protein expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) / cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) / aquaporin 5(AQP5) signaling pathway in lacrimal gland tissue of aqueous tear deficiency (ATD) type dry eye model, so as to investigate its mechanism underlying improvement of ATD., Methods: British shorthair guinea pigs were randomly divided into blank control, model, acupuncture, sham-acupuncture and medication group, with 8 guinea pigs in each group. The ATD model was established by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide (0.6 mg/dose, 4 times/d for 10 days). For guinea pigs of the acupuncture group, filiform needles were inserted into bilateral "Jingming"(BL1), "Cuanzhu"(BL2), "Sizhukong"(TE23), "Taiyang"(EX-HN5), and "Tongziliao"(GB1) for 15 min. For guinea pigs of the sham-acupuncture group, a blunt filiform needle was used to repeatedly prick (not pierce) the skin of the same acupoints mentioned above. The treatment in the above two groups was conducted once daily for 14 days. The guinea pigs in the medication group received administration of sodium hyaluronate eye drops in both eyes, three times a day for 14 days. The objective tests of tear film break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining score (FLS) and phenol red thread (PRT) test were conducted before and after modeling and after the intervention. After the intervention, the lacrimal index (weight of lacrimal gland/body weight) was calculated. Histopathological changes of the lacrimal gland were observed after H.E. staining. The expression of AQP5 in the lacrimal gland were detected by immunofluorescence, and the contents of VIP and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland were measured by ELISA, the protein expression levels of VIP, cAMP, PKA, p-PKA and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland were detected by Western blot., Results: In comparison with the blank control group, the PRT, BUT, lacrimal index, AQP5 immunoactivity, contents of VIP and AQP5, and protein expression levels of VIP, cAMP, PKA, p-PKA and AQP5 were significantly decreased( P <0.01, P <0.05), and FLS was obviously increased ( P <0.01) in the model group . Compared to the model group, the PRT, BUT, lacrimal index, AQP5 immunoactivity, contents of VIP and AQP5, and expression levels of VIP and AQP5 in both acupuncture and medication groups, and the expression levels of cAMP, PKA, p-PKA in the acupuncture group were considerably increased ( P <0.01, P <0.05), while the FLS was markedly decreased in both acupuncture and medication groups ( P <0.01, P <0.05). Compared with the medication group, the acupuncture group had increased PRT ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: Acupuncture intervention is effective in reducing ocular surface damage and promoting tear secretion in guinea pigs with ATD, which may be related to its function in activating VIP/cAMP/PKA signaling, and promoting the expression of AQP5 in the lacrimal gland.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the ocular surface inflammation and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) / nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 signal pathway in guinea pigs with dry eye, so as to explore its underlying mechanism., Methods: A total of 32 male British tricolor short haired guinea pigs were randomized into blank control, model, EA and sham acupuncture groups, with 8 guinea pigs in each group. The dry eye model was established by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide solution (0.6 mg/0.2 mL each time, 4 times a day for 10 days). Guinea pigs of the EA group was treated with EA at bilateral "Cuanzhu" (BL2) and "Taiyang" (HN5), and manual acupuncture at bilateral "Jingming" (BL1), "Sizhukong" (SJ23), "Tongziliao" (GB1) for 15 min, once daily for 14 days. For animals of the sham acupuncture group, a blunt needle was used to prick the skin surface of the acupoints, the acupoint selection and stimulation time were the same as those in the EA group. Before and after modeling and after the intervention, the breakup time (BUT) of lacrimal film, sodium fluorescein coloring (Fl) state of corneal epithelium and phenol red thread (PRT) moist length were recorded for assessing the severity of dry eye. The density of activated immune cells around the corneal epithelial stromal cells was determined by corneal confocal microscopy. The contents of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the cornea and lacri-mal gland tissues were determined by ELISA, and the expression levels of α7nAChR and NF-κB p65 in the cornea and lacrimal gland were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, separately., Results: Compared with the blank control group, the corneal Fl, density of activated immune cells of corneal epithelium, contents of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in both corneal and lacrimal gland tissues, NF-κB p65 cell positive rate and protein expression of lacrimal gland and corneal tissues were significantly increased ( P <0.01, P <0.05), while the BUT, PRT and lacrimal gland α7nAChR cell positive rate considerably decreased ( P <0.01) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the level of corneal Fl, density of the activated immune cells of corneal epithelium, contents of corneal and lacrimal IL-6 and TNF-α, and corneal and lacrimal NF-κB p65 cell positive rates and protein expressions were remarkably down-regulated in the EA group ( P <0.01, P <0.05), rather than in the sham acupuncture group ( P >0.05) except content of corneal IL-10, lacrimal NF-κB p65 cell positive rate and lacrimal α7nAChR protein expression, whereas the levels of BUT, PRT, corneal and lacrimal IL-10 and corneal and lacrimal α7nAChR cell positive rates and protein expressions significantly up-regulated in the EA group ( P <0.01, P <0.05), rather than in the sham acupuncture group ( P >0.05) except corneal TNF-α and corneal NF-κB p65 protein expression., Conclusion: EA can improve corneal and lacrimal function in dry eye guinea pigs, which may be associated with its actions in increasing the expression of α7nAChR, inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and reducing the activated immune cells and inflammatory reaction.

To explore the differences in structure and diversity of nirK -type denitrifying microbial community in marsh soils at different invasion stages of Spartina alterniflora , the mudflat (MF, before invasion) and the S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for 1-2 years (SAN) and 6-7 years (SA) in Shanyutan of the Minjiang River estuary were investigated by high-through put sequencing method. Results showed that the seaward invasion of S. alterniflora reduced the richness and diversity of nirK -type denitrifying microbial community in marsh soils. The nirK -type denitrifying microbial community in soils at different invasion stages included Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, with Proteobacteria as the dominant one. The seaward invasion of S. alterniflora greatly altered the composition of nirK -type denitrifying microbial community in marsh soils. The highest relative abundance of genus in soils from different invasion stages were Bradyrhizobium , Mesorhizobium and Alcaligenes , respectively. The seaward invasion of S. alterniflora increased the spatial heterogeneity of nirK -type denitrifying microbial community composition in marsh soils. In SAN plot, the enhancement of spatial heterogeneity was primarily due to higher environmental disturbances in plots and the increased spatial heterogeneity of environmental variables caused by the seaward invasion of S. alterniflora . The seaward invasion of S. alterniflora altered the physico-chemical properties ( e.g. , grain composition, pH and moisture) and N nutrient conditions (total N, NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N) in marsh soils, which greatly altered the structure and diversity of nirK -type denitrifying microbial community. Our findings reveal the microbial mechanism of denitrification process in marsh soils during the seaward invasion of S. alterniflora .

Objectives: To study the metabolic mechanism of neonatal sepsis at different stages by analyzing the metabolic pathways involving the serum metabolites with significant differences in neonates with sepsis at different time points after admission., Methods: A total of 20 neonates with sepsis who were hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, from January 1, 2019 to January 1, 2020 were enrolled as the sepsis group. Venous blood samples were collected on days 1, 4, and 7 after admission. Ten healthy neonates who underwent physical examination during the same period were enrolled as the control group. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for the metabonomic analysis of serum samples to investigate the change in metabolomics in neonates with sepsis at different time points., Results: On day 1 after admission, the differentially expressed serum metabolites between the sepsis and control groups were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid skeleton. For the sepsis group, the differentially expressed serum metabolites between days 1 and 4 after admission were mainly involved in pyruvate metabolism, and those between days 4 and 7 after admission were mainly involved in the metabolism of cysteine and methionine. The differentially expressed serum metabolites between days 1 and 7 after admission were mainly involved in ascorbic acid metabolism., Conclusions: The metabolic mechanism of serum metabolites varies at different stages in neonates with sepsis and is mainly associated with terpenoid skeleton biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, cysteine/methionine metabolism, and ascorbic acid metabolism.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on ocular surface sensory neuralgia and the expression of P2X 3 receptor (P2X 3 R) and protein kinase C(PKC)in cornea and trigeminal ganglion (TG) in dry eye disease (DED) guinea pigs, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of ocular surface sensory neuralgia in DED., Methods: Male British tricolor short haired guinea pigs were randomly divided into control, model, medication (pranoprofen), EA and sham acupuncture groups, with 8 guinea pigs in each group. The dry eye model was induced by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide solution (0.6 mg/0.2 mL,once daily) for 10 d. Guinea pigs in the medication group were treated by applying pranoprofen eye drops to eyes, 1 drop for one eye each time, three times a day. Guinea pigs of the EA group received EA stimulation (4 Hz/20 Hz,1 mA) of bilateral "Cuanzhu" (BL2) and "Taiyang" (HN5) and acupuncture at "Jingming" (BL1) "Sizhukong" (TE23), "Tongziliao" (GB1) for 15 min, once a day. Guinea pigs in the sham acupuncture group received blunt stimu-lation at the surface of the same acupoint with the tip of the acupuncture needle, once a day. All the treatments were conducted for 14 d. The corneal epithelium fluorescein staining score (0-3 points) was given according to the number of fluorescence-positive dots and flake-like coloration, the corneal mechanical perception thread (CMPT) detected using a corneal perception meter, and the palpebral fissure height measured. The number of sensory neurons in the cornea and TG was determined by using cholera toxin subunit B conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 fluorescence labelling, and the expression levels of P2X3R and PKC in the cornea and TG detected by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot, separately., Results: Compared with the control group, the corneal fluorescein staining score, immunoactivity and expression of P2X3R proteins in both cornea and TG, PKC proteins in TG were significantly increased ( P <0.01), whereas the CMPT and the height of palpebral fissure and the number of TG neurons significantly decreased in the model group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). In comparison with the model group, the fluorescein staining score in the medication and EA groups, the immunoactivity and expression of P2X3R in cornea and TG in the EA group, and that of TG PKC in the EA group and the sham acupuncture groups were significantly decreased ( P <0.05, P <0.01), while the height of palpebral fissure and CMPT after EA and the number of labelling TG sensory neurons were remarkably increased in the EA group ( P <0.01) rather than in the medication and sham acupuncture groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: EA can alleviate the damage of corneal epithelium and sensory neurons in dry eye model guinea pigs, which may be related to its functions in down-regu-lating the expression of P2X3R and PKC in the cornea and TG.

We examined the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on phosphorus forms of marsh soils, based on the method of space-for-time substitution by selecting S. alterniflora marshes with different invasion years (SA 1 , 5-6 years; SA 2 , 8-10 years; and SA 3 , 12-14 years) in Shanyutan of the Minjiang River estuary. The results showed that in marsh soils of different invasion years, the proportion of hardly decomposable phosphorus (HCl-Pi and Residual-P) was the highest (46.4%-46.7%), followed by moderately decomposable phosphorus (NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po and Sonic-Pi) (40.0%-44.0%), and the easily decomposable phosphorus (Resin-Pi, NaHCO 3 -Pi and NaHCO 3 -Po) was the lowest (9.5%-13.3%). With increasing invasion years of S. alterniflora , soil phosphorus forms and their spatial distributions were greatly altered. The contents of moderately decomposable phosphorus, hardly decomposable phosphorus, and total phosphorus (TP) generally increased, while easily decomposable phosphorus content generally decreased. Compared with SA 1 , the contents of moderately decomposable phosphorus, hardly decomposable phosphorus and TP in SA 2 increased by 11.5%, 9.7% and 10.5%, while those in SA 3 increased by 24.8%, 13.2% and 13.5%, respectively. The distribution of phosphorus forms was greatly altered with increasing invasion years, which was dependent on the variations of key factors such as EC, pH value and grain composition. The implementation of regular mowing activities for S. alterniflora in the Minjiang River estuary in recent years, to some extent, reduced the return of phosphorus from residues to soils and decreased the availability of the easily decomposable phosphorus in soils.

Sulfur oxidation-reduction process (SORP) in marsh soil is an important link in sulfur cycle, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability and health of marsh. We summarized the SORP in marsh soil and its influencing factors, and analyzed the research progress of its coupling effects with other elements. The influencing factors of SORP in marsh soil mainly involved biotic (plants, microorganisms, zoobenthos, human activities, etc .) and abiotic factors (physical factors such as temperature, moisture and particle size, and chemical factors such as pH, salinity, organic matter, etc .). Related research on the coupling effects of SORP and other elements in marsh soil mainly involved in biogenic elements such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and metal elements such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Currently, the underlying mechanism of SORP was not deeply explored, the research on coupling effects was unbalance, and the ecological effects were insufficient. In the future, key functional microorganisms involved in SORP should be strengthened, the coupling mechanism between SORP and micro-elements should be enhanced, and the ecological effects produced by the coupling effects of SORP with other elements should be emphasized.

Objective: To investigate the difference in the expression of Ras-associated protein 1 (Rap1) in necrotic and healthy areas of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (NONFH) patients., Methods: Femoral head tissue samples from 30 cases of NONFH and 30 cases of traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TONFH) were collected after hip replacement surgery, respectively. No significant difference of Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging was found between the NONFH and the TONFH groups ( Z =-0.769, P =0.442). In the NONFH group, 8 patients were ARCO stage IIIb, 10 were stage IV, and 12 were stage V, while in the TONFH ground, 11 patients were ARCO stage IIIb, 9 were stage IV, and 10 were stage V. There were 19 males and 11 females in the NONFH group, with an average age of 49.6 yr. (26-69 yr.), and 16 males and 14 females in the TONFH group, with an average age of 54.2 yr. (37-68 yr.). There was no significant difference in gender or age between the two groups ( P >0.05). Specimens were collected from different bone areas, including those from the necrotic areas (area A) and the healthy areas (area B) of the NONFH group, and those from the healthy areas (area B') of the TONFH group, i.e., the control group. Western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to analyze the different expression of Rap1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt protein and their corresponding mRNA in the three areas of bone tissue. HE staining and immunohistochemisty staining were done in order to observe the morphological changes of each area., Results: Western blot results indicated that there was no statistical difference in the relative expression of Rap1, VEGF, PI3K, and Akt proteins ( P >0.05). The relative expressions of Rap1, VEGF, PI3K, and Akt proteins in the area A were lower than those in the area B and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). qRT-PCR results showed that the relative expressions of Rap 1, VEGF , PI 3 K and Akt mRNA in area A were lower than those of area B, and a statistical difference was found ( P <0.05). The relative expression of the mRNA of Rap 1, VEGF , PI 3 K and Akt in area B and area B' were not significantly different ( P >0.05). HE staining and immunohistochemisty staining showed that chondrocytes decreased in the necrotic area (area A) of NONFH, chondrocytes nucleus disappeared, subchondral bone trabeculae were broken, bone trabeculae thickened, and empty bone lacunae appeared. Granulation tissues composed of new capillaries and fibrous cells have proliferated and crawled around the necrotic area. Positive expressions of the Rap1, VEGF, PI3K and Akt proteins in area A were weaker than those of the normal area. In addition, there were positive expressions of Rap1, PI3K and Akt on the trabecular bone of both area A and area B at similar intensity of expression. There were strong positive expressions of Rap1, VEGF, PI3K and Akt on the intima of arterioles and venules, and on the peripheral stromal cell membrane, but the positive expression in area A was significantly lower than that in area B. However, the positive expression positions and intensity of all indicators were similar in area B and area B'., Conclusion: The necrosis in NONFH may be related to vascular endothelial damages caused by the inhibition of the Rap1-PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and the subsequent decline in the protein expression., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To explore the regulation effect of myeloid leukemia No.1 Chinese herb medicine prescription combined with chemotherapy on Th17 cells in bone marrow fluid of AML patients, so as to provide guidance for improving AML treatment effect and patients' long-term survival., Methods: Seventy patients with AML who were hospitalized in Department of Hematology, Wuwei People's Hospital from April 2017 to August 2019 were selected and enrolled in AML group, 25 healthy volunteers were selected and enrolled in control group; then according to therapeutic regimen, AML patients were divided into 2 groups: combined therapy group (myeloid leukemia NO.1 Chinese herb medicine prescription combined with chemotherapy) and non-combined therapy group (chemotherapy alone). Flow cytometry was used to detect the ratio of CD3 + CD161 + IL-17 + IFN-γ + T cells in bone marrow fluid, and ELISA was used to detect the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) concentrations in bone marrow fluid. Statistical analysis was performed on the data with SPSS 22.0., Results: The ratio of CD3 + CD161 + IL-17 + IFN-γ + T cells, VEGF and IL-17 concentration in newly diagnosed and relapsed AML patients were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P<0.001); while those in CR and DFS stage patients were significantly lower than those in newly diagnosed and relapsed patients (P<0.001), and the ratio of CD3 + CD161 + IL-17 + IFN-γ + T cells, VEGF and IL-17 concentration in DFS patients with AML were not significantly different from those in the control group (P>0.05). The ratio of CD3 + CD161 + IL-17 + IFN-γ + T cells, VEGF and IL-17 concentration in CR stage of AML patients treated with chemotherapy alone were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between combined therapy group and the control group; the ratio of CD3 + CD161 + IL-17 + IFN-γ + T cells, the concentration of VEGF and IL-17 in CR stage of AML patients treated with chemotherapy alone were higher than those of patients treated with combined therapy regimen (P<0.05). AML patients treated with combined therapy regimen had a significantly higher complete remission rate compared with patients received chemotherapy alone (P<0.05), but the recurrence rate was significantly lower (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Th17 cells expression in bone marrow of newly diagnoses and relapsed AML patients significantly increase, and decrease significantly after treatment. Myeloid leukemia No.1 Chinese herb prescription combined with chemotherapy can significantly increase the CR rate and reduce the RL rate for AML.

Objective: To detect the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bone marrow of patients with non-M3 acute leukemia (AL), and estimate its relationship with prognosis., Methods: From January 2016 to December 2019, 114 patients with AL in department of Hematology, Wuwei People's Hospital were selected as study group, and 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. The concentration of VEGF in bone marrow was detected by ELISA. The patients were divided into high and low concentration group according to the level of VEGF. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were compared among different groups., Results: The level of VEGF in patients with AL was significantly higher than that in the control group. The median OS and EFS in the low concentration group was 34.5 and 32 months, respectively, while, in the high concentration group was 30 and 26 months, respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P=0.010). There were significant differences in OS rate (P=0.035) and EFS rate (P=0.026) between low and high concentration group. Multivariate analysis showed that high VEGF concentration was an independent risk factor affecting OS (HR=2.619, 95%CI 1.070-6.406, P=0.035) and EFS (HR=2.221, 95%CI 1.074-4.552, P=0.031) in AL patients., Conclusion: VEGF highly expresses in the bone marrow of patients with AL at initial diagnosis and relapse, and shows adverse effects on the prognosis.

To investigate the distributions and stocks of total phosphorus (TP) in plant-soil systems of marshes in Shanyutan of the Minjiang River estuary and explore its influencing factors, Phragmites australis (PA) marsh and Cyperus malaccensis (CM) marsh before spatial expansion and ecotonal marsh (EM, P. australis and C. malaccensis in EM were denoted by PA' and CM', respectively) during spatial expansion were studied. Results showed that, as affected by spatial expansion, the contents of TP in both plant and soil in different marshes showed great variations. Compared with PA and CM marshes, soil TP in EM increased by 20.0% and 7.1%, respectively. The variation of soil TP in EM might be attributed to the alteration of soil particle composition, plant bio-mass and root/shoot ratio during spatial expansion. Except for leaves, TP in organs of P. australis in P. australis-C. malaccensis community (PA') was lower than that in C. malaccensis in P. australis-C. malaccensis community (CM'), due to the differences in absorption, utilization and translocation way of P among organs between the two species. The competition effect caused by spatial expansion greatly changed plant P allocation ratio of the two species. Compared with PA and CM, the allocations of P in roots and leaves of PA' increased, while only that in roots of CM' rose. During spatial expansion, the two species might adopt different adaptation strategies for P absorption and utilization to maintain their competitiveness. The PA might compete primarily by strengthening the P accumulation capacities of its roots and promoting leaf photosynthesis, whereas the CM might resist the spatial expansion of PA by increasing its underground biomass to enhance P absorption.

Objective: To observe the effect of early acupoint electrical stimulation on the decline of lower limbs muscle strength in patients with intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) caused by septic shock., Methods: A total of 58 patients with ICU-AW caused by septic shock were randomly divided into an observation group (28 cases, 1 case dropped off ) and a control group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off ). Patients in both groups received routine basic treatment. In the observation group, acupoint electric stimulation therapy was added at Huantiao (GB 30), Futu (ST 32), Zusanli (ST 36), Xuanzhong (GB 39) and Taichong (LR 3). Unilateral point with electrodes were applied, the SDZ-Ⅱ electronic instrument (discontinuous wave, frequency in 2 Hz, strength in 5 mA) was connected and changed to the other side after 30 min of unilateral treatment.The treatment was given 2 times daily, continued for 7 d or until the medical research council (MRC) score being 54 points or more. The changes of lower limb muscle strength MRC score, modified Rankin scale (MRS) score, bilateral quadriceps thickness and gastrocnemius pinnate angle of both groups were observed before treatment and on discharge. The time of admission to ICU, time of hospitalization, mortality during hospitalization, and mortality 28 d after discharge were compared between the two groups. The MRS scores of the two groups were followed up 28 d after discharge., Results: The MRC scores of lower limb muscle strength in the two groups on discharge were higher than those before treatment ( P <0.05), and the MRS scores on discharge and 28 d after discharge in the two groups were lower than those before treatment ( P <0.05). The MRC scores of lower limb muscle strength on discharge in the observation group were higher than thoes in the control group ( P <0.05), and the MRS scores on discharge and 28 d after discharge in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05). On discharge, bilateral quadriceps thickness and gastrocnemius pinnate angle in the two groups were increased compared with those before treatment ( P <0.05), and thoese in the observation group was higher than the control group ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the time of admission to ICU, time of hospitalization, mortality during hospitalization, and mortality 28 d after discharge ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Early acupoint electrical stimulation can improve the lower extremity muscle decline in patients with ICU-AW caused by septic shock.

A female infant, aged 43 days, had shortness of breath, cyanosis, groan, and dyspnea since birth. Physical examination showed cyanosis of lips and three-concave sign, and multiple lung imaging examinations showed diffuse ground-glass opacities in both lungs. The girl was given anti-infective therapy and continuous mechanical ventilation but there were no significant improvements in symptoms. Gene testing confirmed a compound heterozygous mutation, c.1890C>A(p.Tyr630Ter)+c.3208G>A(p.Ala1070Thr), in the ABCA3 gene, with the former from her father and the latter from her mother. Pathological examination of the lungs indicated pulmonary interstitial disease. The girl was diagnosed with infantile diffuse pulmonary interstitial disease caused by mutations in the ABCA3 gene. When full-term neonates experience shortness of breath and dyspnea after birth, pulmonary imaging suggests diffuse ground-glass changes, and conventional treatment is not effective (ventilator-dependent), congenital pulmonary surfactant metabolism defects needs to be considered. Gene testing, which can provide a basis for early intervention, prognostic evaluation, and genetic counseling, should be performed as early as possible.

Cancer cell line models are widely used for testing drug sensitivity and in screening for drug resistance markers. However, the general level of drug resistance in cancer cell lines is often ignored by researchers, making it difficult to apply many drug efficacy markers in clinical practice. In this study, we examined 48 colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines to calculate the correlation coefficients between the IC 50 values for 265 drugs. The general drug resistance evaluation index MIC 50 was constructed using the median value of 265 drugs' IC 50 values. Genes with positively correlated expression values and a MIC 50 which rose to significance were selected for further study. To analyze the effect of general drug resistance on the response status and prognosis in CRC patients, the general drug resistance scoring model was established based on within-sample relative expression orderings of gene pairs. The results demonstrate that more than 99% of the IC 50 correlation coefficients of 265 drugs were significantly positive (FDR<0.05), indicating that CRC cell lines possessed general drug resistance characteristics. Furthermore, we identified 602 general drug resistance related genes, and by using Metascape, we identified four functional modules closely related to tumor resistance. A scoring model of 5-FU-based general drug resistance levels consisting of 21 gene pairs was built. After performing χ 2 test, we found that the general drug resistance level in CRC patients was significantly correlated with the response information after accepting 5-FU-based combination drug therapy. Survival analysis showed that the low scoring cohort of patients had a better prognosis than the higher scoring cohort, indicating that the level of basic drug resistance was closely related to the prognosis and drug response status in these patients. These results provide basic theoretical support for further research on the mechanism of combined chemotherapy resistance and the individualized regimen of clinical drug use in patients with CRC.

Objective: To compare the therapeutic effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with conventional western medicine and western medicine alone on early enteral nutrition tolerance in patients with sepsis., Methods: Forty-nine patients with sepsis were randomly divided into an observation group (24 cases) and a control group (25 cases). The control group was treated with conventional western medicine, including limited fluid resuscitation, anti-infection and maintenance of hemodynamics, and enteral nutrition was provided when the hemodynamics became stable and the dosage of vasoactive drugs was reduced. The observation group, on the basis of the treatment of the control group, was treated with TEAS at Tianshu (ST 25), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Jiexi (ST 41), Diji (SP 8), Zusanli (ST 36), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Daheng (SP 15) when the enteral nutrition was provided (dilatational wave, 2 Hz/10 Hz, twice a day, 30 min each time), and the TEAS stopped when enteral nutrition was normal. The antral motility index (MI) was evaluated by ultrasonography on the first, third and fifth day into treatment in the two groups, and the duration from providing enteral nutrition to normal enteral nutrition was recorded. The acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) classification, admission time of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospitalization time were compared., Results: The antral MI on the third and fifth day into treatment in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05). The duration from providing enteral nutrition to normal enteral nutrition was (5.08±0.65) days in the observation group, which was shorter than (5.56±0.65) days in the control group ( P <0.05). The improvement of AGI classification after treatment in the observation group was significantly superior to the control group ( P <0.05). The hospitalization time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: TEAS combined with conventional western medicine treatment could significantly promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, improve the early intestinal nutrition tolerance in patients with sepsis, so as to shorten the time of reaching the standard of enteral nutrition and hospitalization time, which is better than conventional western medicine treatment alone.

Objective: To observe the effect of ultrasound-guided acupoint electrical stimulation on the patients with diaphragmatic dysfunction associated with mechanical ventilation in ICU., Methods: Fifty-two patients were randomly divided into an observation group (26 cases, 3 cases dropping) and a control group (26 cases). Conventional treatment was given to all patients. On the basis of conventional treatment, acupoint electrical stimulation therapy was applied at Zhangmen (LR 3), Dabao (SP 21), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), etc. In the observation group, the treatment was given for 30 min each time, 3 times a day for 7 days. Diaphragm thickening fraction (TFdi) was used as an index to guide the individualized setting of stimulation intensity and judge the effect, and the difference of mechanical ventilation time, ICU time, total hospitalization time, hospital mortality and reintubation rate between the two groups were observed., Results: The mechanical ventilation time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the ICU time and total hospitalization time between the two groups ( P >0.05). During hospitalization, 2 patients died in the observation group and 3 patients died in the control group, there was no significant difference in hospital mortality ( P >0.05). One patient in the observation group was reintubated and 8 patients in the control group ( P <0.05). The use of acupoint electrical stimulation was a factor in shortening the mechanical ventilation time and reducing the reintubation events ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided acupoint electrical stimulation can relieve ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction, reduce ventilator support time and reintubation events.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at five Back-Shu points on sleep, hippocampal peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) expression and hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β contents in insomnia rats, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of insomnia., Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, EA and medication (Diazepam) groups ( n =10 rats in each group). The insomnia model was established by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of para-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 300 mg/kg) once daily for 2 days. EA (60 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral five Back-Shu points, i.e., Feishu (BL13), Xinshu (BL15), Ganshu (BL18), Pishu (BL20) and Shenshu (BL23) for 10 min, once daily for 6 days. Rats of the medication group were treated by gavage of Diazepam (0.92 mg/kg) once daily for 6 days. The sleep duration was recorded after i.p. of Pentobarbital Sodium (45 mg/kg). Histopathological changes of the hippocampus were displayed by H.E. staining. The contents of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, TNF-α and IL-1β in the hypothalamus were assessed by using ELISA. The expression levels of PBR mRNA and protein in the hippocampus were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot, separately., Results: Following modeling, the sleep duration was considerably shortened in rats of the model group relevant to the control group ( P <0.05). After the treatment, the sleep duration was significantly increased in both EA and medication groups relevant to the model group ( P <0.05). After modeling, the hippocampal neurons were obviously decreased in number, and disordered in the arrangement, the levels of hypothalamic 5-HT, 5-HIAA, TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly down-regulated ( P <0.05), and the expression of PBR mRNA and protein in hippocampus was obviously increased relevant to the control group ( P <0.05). Following the treatment, the hippocampal neurons were increased in number and arranged regularly, and the contents of hypothalamic 5-HT, 5-HIAA, TNF-α, and IL-1β were considerably increased ( P <0.05), and the expression of PBR mRNA and protein in hippocampus was significantly decreased in both EA and medication groups relevant to the model group ( P <0.05). The therapeutic effect of EA was comparable to that of medication in increasing sleep duration, body weight, 5-HT and 5-HIAA contents ( P >0.05), and significantly superior to that of the medication in increasing TNF-α and IL-1β levels ( P <0.05), and considerably superior to that of medication in down-regulating PBR mRNA and protein expression ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: EA at five Back-Shu-points of the five Zang-organs can significantly improve the sleep in insomnia rats, which is closely associated with its effects in reducing the expression of PBR in hippocampus and up-regulating the levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, TNF-α and IL-1β in hypothalamus.

Objective: To explore the effect of goal-directed therapy bundle based on pulse-indicated continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) parameters to the prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation., Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted. The adult patients with selective cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from December 2015 to January 2018 were enrolled. All patients were divided into two groups based on informed consent for PiCCO monitor at the time of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU): regular monitoring and treatment group (group A) and goal-directed therapy group based on PiCCO parameters (group B). In group A, the restrictive capacity management strategy was implemented to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 65 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) and the central venous pressure (CVP) between 8 mmHg and 10 mmHg. In group B, volume and hemodynamic status were optimized depending on PiCCO parameters to a goal of cardiac index (CI) > 41.68 mL×s -1 ×m -2 , global end diastolic volume index (GEDVI) > 700 mL/m 2 or intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) > 850 mL/m 2 , extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) < 10 mL/kg, and MAP > 65 mmHg. Then the changes in hemodynamics and different prognosis of the patients in two groups were observed. Risk factors affecting the AKI were analyzed by Logistic regression., Results: 171 cases were included, with 68 in group A and 103 in group B. There were no significant differences in gender, age, pre-operative scores by European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroScore), operation ways, operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, intraoperative dominant liquid equilibrium quantity, the use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) during operation, and serum creatinine (SCr) level at the time of admission to ICU between the two groups. There were no significant differences in CVP within 24 hours after admission to ICU between the two groups. MAP in group B was significantly higher than that in group A at 8 hours and 16 hours after ICU admission (mmHg: 68.9±6.3 vs. 66.7±5.1, 69.0±4.9 vs. 67.0±5.3, both P < 0.05). Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in group B was significantly lower than that in group A at 24 hours after ICU admission (5.7±2.2 vs. 6.9±2.8, P < 0.05). Dominant liquid equilibrium quantity in group B was significant higher than that in group A at 24 hours after ICU admission (mL/kg: 7.1±6.2 vs. -0.1±8.2, P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference of that between groups at 48 hours and 72 hours after ICU admission. Compared with group A, incidence of combination with AKI during 72 hours after ICU admission was significantly decreased in group B [48.5% vs. 69.1%; odds ratio (OR) = 0.422, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.222-0.802, P < 0.05], and incidence of moderate to severe AKI was also significantly decreased in group B (19.4% vs. 35.3%; OR = 0.442, 95%CI = 0.220-0.887, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in usage of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) after ICU admission between both groups (group A was 4.4%, group B was 4.9%, P > 0.05). It was shown by correlation analysis that only MAP and CI at 8 hours after ICU admission were significantly negatively correlated with AKI (MAP and AKI: r = -0.697, P = 0.000; CI and AKI: r = -0.664, P = 0.000). It was shown by Logistic regressive analysis that the MAP and CI at 8 hours after ICU admission were independent risk factors that influence the incidence of AKI at 72 hours after ICU admission (MAP: OR = 0.736, 95%CI = 0.636-0.851, P = 0.000; CI: OR = 0.006, 95%CI = 0.001-0.063, P = 0.000). There were no significant differences in the duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of ICU stay, the post-operation complications (except AKI), 7-day and 28-day mortality between the two groups., Conclusions: Goal-directed therapy bundle based on PiCCO parameters reduced the incidence of AKI in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation and improved the severity of systemic disease. However, it did not reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, the incidence of complications (except AKI), short-term mortality. The MAP and CI at 8 hours after ICU admission were independent risk factors that influence the incidence of AKI in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation.

Recent research in epigenetics suggests that defects in epigenetic regulation of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription may contribute to tumorigenesis. ATRX/DAXX complex is involved in the establishment and maintenance of the silence of the rDNA gene through H3K9me3 modification at histone variant H3.3. The ATRX/DAXX-related genes are frequently mutated in some types of tumors, which may increase rDNA transcription and promote cancer development and progression. In this review, we focus on the mechanism that abnormal transcription of rDNA potentially influences tumorigenesis. We also summarize the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of rDNA transcription, which may provide new theoretical support for drug development based on rDNA transcriptional regulation.

The energy received through remote sensing sensors contains the amount of reflected solar energy and emitted energy of objects in middle-wave infrared (MWIR, 3~5 μm). Usually, the reflected solar energy is weak in MWIR spectrum. In some certain situations like sun glint area in sea surface, however, the energy is relatively significant and less sensitive to atmospheric effects. Meanwhile, for the satellite sensor which equipped with onboard calibration system, its onboard radiation performance of MWIR(using blackbody calibration)is quite stable. Therefore, the MWIR reflectance in sea surface glint area can be considered as a reference for cross-calibration between the solar reflected bands. Based on this idea, this paper constructed an improved non-linear split window model that is suitable for VIIRS (visible infrared imaging radiometer) MWIR band and used this model to calculate the MWIR reflectance of sun glint area in southern Indian Ocean. This model made statistics, getting the relationship between the reflectance of VIIRS M12 and M13 bands at first, and then used the non-linear split window algorithm to calculate the actual sea surface reflectance. The uncertainty of the simulation model was 0.83%. On this basis, this paper calculated sea surface reflectance of selected sample regions based on the data of VIIRS M12 band (center wavelength: 3.697 μm) in sun glint areas. And then verified the reflectance accuracy by two methods, getting the two accuracies were about 0.239% and 0.23%, respectively. It proves that the calculation model in this paper can greatly improve the accuracy compared to the situation when the sea surface reflectance is between M12 and M13 which are assumed to be equal (accuracy of 2.48% and 1.03%, respectively). It also indicated that the model is feasible and effective to calculate the reflectance in sea surface glint area with VIIRS M12 MWIR band, and the accuracy can meet the requirements of MWIR sea surface reflectance as a calibration reference among bands.

A few of patients with lumbar disk herniation having a separation of clinical symptoms and signs and imaging features, can be found in clinic, but the traditional theory of direct mechanical compression of nerve roots by herniated nucleus pulposus can't be used to explain this abnormal protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc. The clinical symptoms and signs of the atypical lumbar disk herniation are affected by multiple factors. The indirect mechanical compression and distraction effect of spinal nerve roots may play an important role in the occurrence of the separation, and the appearance of abnormal clinical symptoms and signs is closely related to the migration of herniated nucleus pulposus tissue, transmission of injury information in the nervous system, and the complex interactions among the nucleus pulposus, dural sac and nerve roots. Moreover,the changes of microcirculation and inflammation secondary to the herniated nucleus pulposus tissue, the hyperosteogeny in the corresponding segment of the lumbar vertebrae and the posture changes all results in a diversity of symptoms and signs in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Besides, there exist congenital variation of lumbosacral nerve roots and vertebral bodies in some patients, and the misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of imaging finding may occur in some cases. However, the appearance of a separation of clinical symptoms and signs and imaging examination in patients may be caused by a variety of reasons in clinic. The exact mechanism involved in the interaction among nucleus pulposus tissue, dural sac and nerve root, secondary changes of pathophysiology and biomechanics around the nucleus pulposus, the determination of lesioned responsible segments, and how to overcome the limitations of imaging all need the further researches.

Objective: To investigate the nutritional status in acute stage ischemic stroke and its relation to disease severity and prognosis of patients., Methods: Fifty patients with ischemic stroke were admitted in hospital within 48 h after onset. National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the severity of stroke. Physical index and laboratory index were measured on d1, d7 and d14 after admission. Physical index included body weight, body mass index, triceps skin folds, upper arm circumference and arm muscle circumference. Laboratory index included prealbumin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), complement C3 and cortisol. The severity of metabolic disturbance was expressed as the difference of biochemical indexes between the d7 and d1. All cases were followed up for 6 months. The prognosis of stroke was evaluated with modified Rankin (mRankin) scores., Results: No significant changes of physical indexes were found between d7 and d1. The levels of prealbumin and complement C3 on d7 after admission were significantly decreased compared to d1 (198.8 mg/L±20.3 mg/L vs 286.7 mg/L±23.8 mg/L and 0.6 g/L±0.1 g/L vs 1.0 g/L±0.1 g/L, respectively, both P<0.05). The levels of hs-CRP and cortisol at d7 were significantly increased compared to d1 (495.2 nmol/L±39.5 nmol/L vs 24.1 mg/L±5.2 mg/L and 396.4 nmol/L±41.3 nmol/L vs 5.1 mg/L±1.2 mg/L, respectively, both P<0.05). On d14 after admission hs-CRP (13.2 mg/L±4.5 mg/L) and cortisol levels (463.4 nmol/L±32.1 nmol/L) were still significantly higher than d1 (both P<0.05). However, there were no difference in prealbumin (259.2 mg/L±22.8 mg/L) and complement C3 (0.8 g/L±0.2 g/L) levels between d1 and d14 after admission. Correlation analysis revealed that the NIHSS scores and mRankin scores were correlated with nutrition metabolism disturbances (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Nutrition metabolism disturbances in patients with acute ischemic stroke are related to the disease duration, the severity and prognosis of stroke.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from Gynanchum paniculatum., Methods: The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative TLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical characteristics., Results: 15 compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extract and identified as β-sitosterol(1), β-daucosterin (2), mudanoside A (3), paeonolide (4), santamarin (5), paeonol(6), annobraine (7), laricircsinol (8), α-asarone(9), 7-angelyheliotridine(10), β-amyrin(11), uridine(12), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)α-L-arabinopyranoside(13), kaempferol-7-O-(4", 6"-di-p-hydroxycinnamoyl-2", 3"-diacetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(14), and (2S, E)-N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] ferulamide (15)., Conclusion: Compounds 4, 6, 8, 11, 12 and 15 are isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 5 and 14 are firstly isolated from the palnts of Cynanchum genus.

Objective: To review the clinical characteristics of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage., Methods: Clinical data of 42 SIH patients with cerebrospinal leakage, whose diagnosis met the criteria of the International Headache Classification, were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into short (n=27) and long (n=15) course groups. The clinical data and imaging features were compared between two groups., Results: Thirty-nine patients (92.9%) had orthostatic headache. Compared with the short course group, the frequency of headache were significantly lower in patients with long disease duration (80% vs 100%, P =0.040); the ratio of high CSF opening pressure (>=60.0 mm H2O), the average CSF opening pressure, and the frequencies of subdural hematoma were higher in long course group than those in short course group [60.0% vs 20.8%, (64.7±42.1) vs (40.0±33.8)mm H2O, and 50.0% vs 11.6%; P=0.019, 0.038 and 0.018, respectively]. Forty-two patients underwent CT myelography;definite focal CSF leakage sites were found in all patients and multiple sites of CSF leakage in 38 patients., Conclusion: All SIH do not necessarily show the typical clinical manifestations, and cranial MRI and CT myelography are helpful in the diagnosis. Because of higher risk of subdural hemorrhage, patients with long disease duration require active intervention.

The distribution characteristics of soil N/P ratio in alpine grassland ecosystem of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were surveyed by field investigation and laboratory analysis. Horizontally, soil N/ P ratio was generally higher in west and lower in east in a manner of staggered patch distribution, with higher N/P ratios mainly centralized in the hinterland of northern part of Tibet Plateau and in the lake basin area of the northern foot of Himalayas. Significant differences in soil N/P ratio were observed among grassland types and natural transects. Vertically, the distribution of N/P ratio along the soil profile from aboveground to underground among different grass types could be categorized into five patterns, including low-high-low-high, low-high-low, low-high, high-low-high-low, and high-low-high. The N/P ratio showed a significant positive correlation with soil bulk density at 0-20 cm depth, soil water content at 20-30 cm depth, contents of soil available K and total nitrogen, respectively. However, it showed significant negative correlation with soil bulk density at 20-30 cm depth, contents of soil available P and total P, respectively.

A bacterial strain HS-B1 which can utilize n-butyl benzyl phthalate as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from contaminated sludge in the Jinsha River of Hubei Province. Based on its morphology, physiological characteristic and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, HS-B1 was identified as Acinetobacter sp.. Shake flask experiments indicated the optimum pH, temperature for growth and BBP biodegradation by HS-B1 was found to be 8.0 and 35 degrees C, respectively. When using 0.10 mmol x L(-1) non-ionic surfactant Tween-80 as co-solvent to increase the apparent solubility of BBP in water, HS-B1 was able to completely degrade 1 000 mg x L(-1) BBP within 48 hours. Diversity of degradable substrates also showed that HS-B1 can efficiently utilize many other phthalate esters such as dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate. It revealed that the strain HS-B1 has special application potential in dealing with the pollution caused by phthalate esters.

Objective: To explore the protective effect of lipoxin (LX)A4 during myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) and discuss the molecular mechanism of excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in rats., Methods: Seventy-two male SD rats were divided into 6 groups, according to random number table, 12 in each group: sham operation group (group sham)1, 2: injected with normal saline (NS) 2 ml/kg before and after coronary artery threading. MIRI group (group I/R)1, 2: injected with NS 2 ml/kg before and after MIRI. Group LX1, LX2: injected with LXA4 100 µg/kg in 2 ml/kg NS before and after MIRI treatment. After the rat MIRI model was established, the serum concentrations of troponin I (cTnI) were measured in each group before open-chest operation (T1) and at the end of the experiment (T2). Besides, expressions of GRP-78, caspase-12 protein and mRNA were test. At the same time, myocardial cell apoptosis, the myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were detected while the HE and ultrastructural changes of cardiac muscle were observed., Results: The expression levels of GRP-78, caspase-12 protein and mRNA, apoptotic index, serum cTnI concentrations (T2) and MPO, SOD activation, MDA content were all significantly higher in groups I/R and LX than those in group sham 1 and sham 2 (all P < 0.05). The expression levels of GRP-78, caspase-12 protein in group LX1 (compared with group I/R1) and in group LX2 (compared with group I/R2) were all significantly lower (all P < 0.05). Besides, the expression of GRP-78, caspase-12 mRNA in group LX1 were significantly less than those in group I/R1 ((0.86 ± 0.06)×10(5) vs (1.95 ± 0.65)×10(5), (12.35 ± 4.15)×10(5) vs (23.76 ± 6.57) ×10(5), both P < 0.05), so were those in groups LX2 and I/R2 ((0.64 ± 0.05)×10(5) vs (2.36 ± 0.57)×10(5), (7.04 ± 0.81)×10(5) vs (26.49 ± 6.82)×10(5), both P < 0.05). The apoptotic index, the serum concentrations of cTnI (T2), MPO activation and MDA content were all significantly lower in group LX1 than those in group I/R1 (34.6% ± 5.7% vs 52.5% ± 6.4%, (293 ± 22) vs (581 ± 44) ng/L, (176 ± 47) vs (331 ± 94) U/g tissue, (1549 ± 238) vs (2403 ± 439) nmol/g protein, both P < 0.05), so were those in groups LX2 and I/R2(26.5% ± 4.6% vs 54.8% ± 6.3%, (207 ± 29) vs (593 ± 61) ng/L, (99 ± 24) vs (329 ± 92) U/g tissue, (1055 ± 237) vs (2422 ± 518) nmol/g protein, all P < 0.05). In addition, the activity of SOD in groups LX1 and LX2 were both significantly higher respectively than those in groups I/R1 and I/R2 (both P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with groups I/R1 and I/R2, the neutrophils infiltration were significantly less than those in groups LX1 and LX2 respectively, and the ultrastructure damage were also much milder., Conclusions: Before and after MIRI, application of LXA4 may significantly inhibit neutrophil infiltration and attenuate myocardial oxidative injury. LXA4 play its role in myocardial protection via down-regulating the expression of GRP-78, caspase-12 and the inhibition of excessive ERS.

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Wuling mycelia on seizure development and learning ability induced by pentylenetetrazole-kindling epilepsy in rats., Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: pentylenetetrazole-kindling model group (model group), low dose Wuling mycelia (0.3 g*kg(-1)) group (LD-WM group), high dose Wuling mycelia (0.6 g*kg(-1)) group (HD-WM group) and control group. The rats were intraperitoneal injected with a subconvulsive dose (35 mg*kg(-1)) of pentylenetetrazole (saline in control group) every 48 h for 12 times. Wuling mycelia was intragastrically applied 30 min before pentylenetetrazole injection. An 8-arm radial maze ( 4 arms baited) was used to measure the learning ability. Histamine was measured by chemical fluorometric enzyme immunoassay., Results: Compared with the model group, the kindling stage of LD-WM group degraded significantly after 7th injection, the latency to the onset of myoclonic jerks (LTMJ) and the latency to the onset of generalized seizures (LTGS) prolonged after the 6th and 7th injection, respectively (P<0.05). The kindling stage of HD-WM group also degraded markedly after the 6th to 8th injection, and the LTMJ and the LTGS extended after the 8th to 9th and 6th injection, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the frequency of working memory error (WME) and reference memory error (RME) of the model group in the 8-arm radial maze increased through 3-d training (P<0.05). The memory tests showed that the impairment induced by pentylenetetrazole was partially reversed by Wuling mycelia. Compared with the control group, brain histamine contents (hippocampus, cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus) were significantly lower in model group (P<0.05). But compared with the model group, hippocampal histamine contents in LD-WM group and hippocampal, thalamic and hypothalamic histamine contents in HD-WM group were elevated (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Wuling mycelia can delay the kindling and ameliorate the ability of learning in rats with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy and the enhancement of neuronal histamine activity may be one of possible mechanisms.

Objective: To investigate the migration of fluorescent dye PKH26-labeled BM-MSC in the Alzheimer's model rats., Methods: Normal human bone marrow extracted for isolation of BM-MSC was cultured in vitro. The 5th passaged BM-MSC was labeled with PKH26, and observed under a fluorescence microscope for PKH26 labeling efficiency, and using flow cytometry BM-MSC surface markers was checked. The PKH26 labeled BM-MSC injected into the tail vein of the normal control group and AD animal model group, 14 days after finding the PKH26-labeled BM-MSC cells in the rat hippocampus using fluorescence microscopy. Using the Morris water maze experiment comparison of AD model and BM-MSC transplantation group of spatial learning and memory ability., Results: TFlow cytometry showed BM-MSC surface markers CD73 and CD105 were positive. In vitro, PKH26-labeled rate of BM-MSC was 100 %. The Morris water maze experiment comparison of BM-MSC transplantation group and AD group of animals, BM-MSC transplantation group at 13, 14 days of spatial learning and memory ability than AD animal group had significantly improved. 14 days after BM-MSCs in rat hippocampus could be found which were PKH26-positive, consistent with DAPI staining. PKH26-positive cells in animal models of AD were significantly more than those in the normal control group., Conclusion: BM-MSC in AD rats not only migrates through the blood-brain barrier, but also mainly survives in the hippocampus of AD rats, and it can improve AD rat model of learning disabilities.

Objective: To observe the expression of urotensin II (UII) on the lung of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) with congenital heart disease and investigate the meaning of this phenomenon., Method: Thirty eight patients with CHD were divided into three groups according to pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) measured in cardiac catheterization and surgery: normal pulmonary pressure group (N group, PASP < 30 mm Hg, n = 10), mild PH group (M group, PASP ≥ 30 mm Hg, n = 15), severe or moderate PH group (S group, PASP ≥ 50 mm Hg, n = 13). The expression of UII protein and UII mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were measured separately by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis., Result: (1) The results of UIIIHC staining: The UII protein expression of group M was higher than that of group N (20.22 ± 3.58 vs. 14.34 ± 2.18, P < 0.01), but less than group S (20.22 ± 3.58 vs. 28.92 ± 3.22, P < 0.05). (2) The results of UIIISH mRNA staining were similar to IHC staining, the A value of group M was higher than group N (12.51 ± 2.02 vs. 8.85 ± 1.41, P < 0.05), less than that of group S(12.51 ± 2.02 vs. 25.35 ± 4.33, P < 0.01). (3) Correlation study: there was a positive correlation between the A values of UIIIHC and pulmonary hypertension (r = 0.64, P < 0.01, n = 38), a positive correlation between the A values of UIIISH and pulmonary hypertension (r = 0.58, P < 0.01, n = 38)., Conclusion: There was the expression of Urotensin II protein and mRNA in the lung of pulmonary hypertension patients with congenital heart disease, and these expression may involve the formation of pulmonary hypertension of congenital heart disease.

Objective: To investigate the mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tumor tissue and pleural effusion in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and to analyze the relationship between EGFR mutations and the clinicopathologic characteristics., Methods: Two-hundred and forty-one cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and 14 paired pleural effusions from advanced NSCLC patients were collected. Twenty-nine different EGFR mutations in exons 18-21 were assessed by scorpions and amplification refractory mutation system (scorpions ARMS) using real time PCR. The relationship between the EGFR mutations and clinical parameters was analyzed using statistical methods. EGFR mutation of 37 cases were detected with direct sequencing, and assessed the sensitivity, the specificity and the accuracy of scorpions ARMS., Results: EGFR somatic mutations were detected in 114 of 234 advanced NSCLC patients, with the mutation rate of 48.7%, including deletions in exon 19 in 65 patients and point mutation of L858R in exon 21 in 39 patients; both accounting for 91.2% (104/114) of all types of EGFR mutations. The test results of 14 paired pleural effusion specimens were entirely the same to the tissues. The concordance rate of 2 different detection methods was 94.6%. Mutation rate was higher in women (55.9%) than in men (42.2%), and there was no difference in mutation rates between smokers and non-smokers; patients in stage IIIB and stage IV; adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma., Conclusions: EGFR somatic mutations appear to occur frequently in Chinese. Scorpions ARMS technology is a sensitive method to detect EGFR mutations and is suitable for screening patients who would likely respond to EGFR inhibitors therapy.

Objective: To compare the chemotherapeutic efficacies of third-generation plus platinum doublets in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients., Methods: A total of 1112 patients were diagnosed as advanced NSCLC at Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Cancer Hospital from January 2005 to August 2009. Their clinical efficacies and regimen compositions were retrospectively analyzed. All calculations were performed by SPSS 17.0., Results: Differences in objective response rate (ORR) existed among four third-generation agents (paclitaxel, gemcitabine, vinorelbine and docetaxel) plus platinum doublets. Their ORRs were 35.6%, 35.4%, 25.9% and 37.4% respectively (χ(2) = 16.331, P = 0.001). And vinorelbine doublets had the lowest ORR (all P < 0.01). The ORRs of cisplatin and carboplatin doublets were 35.2% and 33.5% respectively. There was no difference in ORR among them (χ(2) = 0.352, P = 0.569). Subgroup analysis showed that the ORRs of four third generation plus platinum doublets were 34.8%, 35.3%, 23.2% and 37.1% in non-agers. And the vinorelbine doublets performed the worst. In the patients with squamous-cell lung cancer, the ORRs of paclitaxel and gemcitabine doublets were 45.5% and 28.4% respectively. And the paclitaxel doublets had the better performance (χ(2) = 5.250, P = 0.026). When combined with carboplatin, the ORRs of four doublets were 36.2%, 16.7%, 15.4% and 32.0% respectively. And the paclitaxel regimen was more effective than the gemcitabine and vinorelbine regimens (P = 0.018 and P = 0.034). The influences of subsequent therapy were nullified when the progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed. The PFSs of these doublets were (3.67 ± 0.19), (2.95 ± 0.18), (3.05 ± 0.36) and (3.40 ± 0.37) months respectively. There was no difference among them. Pairwise comparisons showed that the mean PFS of patients on paclitaxel doublets was longer than those on gemcitabine doublets. And their PFSs were (3.67 ± 0.19) and (2.95 ± 0.18) months respectively (χ(2) = 7.037, P = 0.008). The PFSs of cisplatin and carboplatin doublets were (3.05 ± 0.14) and (3.65 ± 0.20) months respectively. The patients on carboplatin doublets had a longer PFS than that of those on cisplatin doublets (χ(2) = 6.012, P = 0.014)., Conclusions: No difference exist in ORRs among different third-generation plus platinum doublets. But as the first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC, carboplatin doublets is superior to cisplatin doublets in terms of PFS.

Objective: In order to understand the weathering on potassium-bearing mineral by Aspergillus niger, we studied the formation of A. niger-mineral aggregation and polysaccharide in the revolving and fermenting mode and their role in the process of weathering on potassium-bearing mineral., Methods: We used four different media to study the morphology of A. niger-mineral aggregation; ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV-Vis) , fourier transform infrared spectrum (IR), gas chromatography (GC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were combined to research the changes of polysaccharide and their significances in the micro-environment forming fungal-mineral aggregation., Results: A. niger myclia intertwined, adsorbed and bonded mineral powder to form aggregation by the assistance of polysaccharide and other metabolites. After formation of the aggregation, the concentration and structure of polysaccharide were changed significantly., Conclusion: The changes of polysaccharide would enhance the adsorption on minerals, chelation on metal ions and adsorption on water molecules, which provided a favorable micro-environment for the fungal using mineral nutrients effectively.

Objective: To analyze the association between the EGFR protein level and the EGFR gene mutation status in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore whether the EGFR protein level is related to the efficacy and survival of the EGFR-TKI drug Gifitinib-treated patients with advanced NSCLC., Methods: Ninety-nine cases were enrolled in this study. Pathological tissue specimens and paired peripheral blood samples were collected. Exons 19 and 21 of the EGFR gene mutation were detected by direct sequencing. The concentration of plasma EGFR protein was detected by ELISA. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of the efficacy and survival were performed using SPSS 13.0 software., Results: The response rate (RR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) of Gefitinib-treated patients were 51.5% and 79.8%, respectively. There were 35 (35.4%) with positive EGFR gene mutation of the 99 samples. The concentration limit of EGFR protein was 55.42 µg/L. The RR and CBR of patients with EGFR gene mutation was significantly higher than those without mutation (65.7% vs. 43.8%, P = 0.037; 94.3% vs. 71.9%, P = 0.008). The median PFS was prolonged (23 months vs. 10 months, P = 0.014). The CBR of patients with high EGFR protein expression (concentration ≥ 55.42 µg/L) was significantly higher than those with low expression (90.0% vs 64.1%, P = 0.004), and the median PFS was prolonged (21 months vs. 8 months, P = 0.016). EGFR protein level was an independent factor affecting the EGFR gene mutation status. The Correlation between EGFR gene mutation status and EGFR protein level was positive., Conclusions: Gefitinib is effective in the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR gene mutation and high EGFR protein expression. EGFR protein level in peripheral blood may be a molecular biomarker in prediction of efficacy and survival of the Gefitinib treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC.