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Background Currently, the treatment of refractory epilepsy (RE) in children is still a difficult point in epilepsy treatment. In China, pirenzapine (PER) is still a new drug for treating RE in children, and there is currently a lack of recommendations for adding PER to the treatment of RE in children. And in Chinese reports, the sample size of RE patients treated with PER is relatively small. Therefore, the efficacy of PER for pediatric RE, especially for young children with RE, still needs to be further studied with a large sample size. Objective To explore the efficacy, possible indications, adverse reactions, and tolerability of PER addition therapy for RE in children. Methods A self-control and retrospective analysis was conducted on children with RE aged 0-18 who were treated at the Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University from January 2022 to January 2023. The frequency of seizures at different observation points before and after the addition of PER treatment was compared, and the effective rate of PER was evaluated. Adverse drug reactions and drug retention rates were recorded, and the clinical characteristics of the effective and ineffective groups of PER were analyzed. Results A total of 192 study subjects were included. After adding PER treatment, the effective rates at 12, 24, and 36 weeks were 56.3% (108/192), 62.1% (113/182), and 69.7% (122/175), respectively, and the seizure free rates were 19.3% (37/192), 21.4% (39/182), and 24.6% (43/175). The incidence of adverse reactions was 16.1% (31/192), mainly including dizziness, irritability, weakness, and drowsiness. The last follow-up drug retention rate was 91.1% (175/192). There was a statistically significant difference in the onset age, duration of anti-epileptic treatment, type of origin, seizure form, frequency of seizures before the addition of PER, number of combined anti-epileptic drugs (ASMs), and ketogenic diet/surgical treatment between patients with RE who received continuous medication for 12 weeks (P

In recent years, heavy ion accelerator technology has been rapidly developing worldwide and widely applied in the fields of space radiation simulation and particle therapy. Usually, a very high uniformity in the irradiation area is required for the extracted ion beams, which is crucial because it directly affects the experimental precision and therapeutic effect. Specifically, ultra-large-area and high-uniformity scanning are crucial requirements for spacecraft radiation effects assessment and serve as core specification for beamline terminal design. In the 300 MeV proton and heavy ion accelerator complex at the Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure (SESRI), proton and heavy ion beams will be accelerated and ultimately delivered to three irradiation terminals. In order to achieve the required large irradiation area of 320 mm×320 mm, horizontal and vertical scanning magnets are used in the extraction beam line. However, considering the various requirements for beam species and energies, the tracking accuracy of power supplies (PSs), the eddy current effect of scanning magnets, and the fluctuation of ion bunch structure will reduce the irradiation uniformity. To mitigate these effects, a beam uniformity optimization method based on the measured beam distribution was proposed and applied in the accelerator complex at SESRI. In the experiment, the uniformity is successfully optimized from 75% to over 90% after five iterations of adjustment to the PS waveforms. In this paper, the method and experimental results were introduced.

In a cold and high humidity environment, ice and frost are easy to condense on the surfaces of aircraft, railway transportation, wind turbine blades, transmission lines and other equipment, thus reducing work efficiency, affecting the proper use of equipment, and causing huge security risks. Therefore, how to effectively delay the formation of frost on the surfaces of solid materials and promote the removal of ice has become a research hot topic in the field of high-performance materials. Conventionalde-icing methods including mechanical, chemical, and thermal de-icing have the problems of high energy consumption, excessive de-icing waste liquidlow de-icing efficiency, and easy to damage the surface of equipment, which are contrary to the sustainable development concept of “green, environmental protection, high efficiency and energy saving”. Inspired by natural biology, researchers have developed some new passive superhydrophobic anti-icing technologies, which have the advantages of low cost, low energy consumption and excellent anti-ice performance, and perform high application prospect. In this paper, for the new superhydrophobic anti-icing materials, the theoretical progress of superhydrophobic wetting of solid surfaces and the icingand anti-icing mechanism of solid surfaces were reviewed. The top-down preparation methods (laser etching, chemical etching, template method, etc.) and bottom-up preparation methods (coating technology, magnetron sputtering technology, sol-gel technology and electrodeposition technology, etc.) of superhydrophobic anti-icing surface were summarized. Finally, the limitations of superhydrophobic anti-icing materials were discussed, and their application prospect and development trend were forecasted.

Background and purpose: Invasive breast carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy in women worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Tumor xenobiotics change the tumor microenvironment and participate in the regulation of tumor occurrence, development and metastasis, which provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. DZNep can target and regulate the degradation of H3K27me3 histone methyltransferase and specifically induce tumor cell apoptosis, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and migration in a variety of tumors. In this study, we investigated the effect of DZNep on invasive breast carcinoma exosomes and observed its effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells by regulating intercellular junctions. Methods: EZH2 expression in invasive breast carcinoma was analyzed using the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the online analysis software GEPIA2, and the Tumor Immunity Estimation Resources (TIMER) was used to analyze the relationship between EZH2 and the expressions of tumor microenvironment cytokines and EMT-related proteins. Intervention of invasive breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 with DZNep and extraction of exosomes using differential ultracentrifugation were performed. Exosome membrane-bound protein expression was identified by detecting the expressions of CD9, CD63 and TSG101 using Western blot. The Brownian motion of exosomes was tracked and analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) technique, and the hydrodynamic diameter and concentration of exosome particles were calculated in combination with the Stokes-Einstein equation. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the size and shape of exosomes was carried out. The above methods were used to explore the changes of exogenous exosomes in breast cancer induced by DZNep. In addition, Western blot was used to detect the expressions of EZH2, intercellular junction proteins such as occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), laminin, aquaporin 4 (AQP4), connexin 43, claudin5 and collagen Ⅵ, and EMT-related proteins such as E-cadherin and vimentin, respectively, to analyze the regulatory mechanism of DZNep on the tumor microenvironment.Results: EZH2 expression was higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissues. High EZH2 expression was positively correlated with the upregulation of both invasive breast carcinoma immune cells and stromal cells in Luminal A, positively correlated with E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin expressions in invasive breast carcinoma, positively correlated with E-cadherin expression and negatively correlated with N-cadherin expression in BRCA-Luminal B, and positively correlated with N-cadherin and vimentin expressions in BRCA-Luminal A (P

[Objectives] To measure the cross-resistance of a fenpropathrin-resistant strain of the mite Neoseiulus barkeri to commonly used pesticides in citrus orchards and thereby provide guidance for the use of such strains in biological pest control. [Methods] The lethality and cross-resistance of a fenpropathrin-resistant strain of N. barkeri to commonly used pesticides in orange orchards were measured and the biological characteristics of this evaluated. [Results] There were significant differences in the lethality of different insecticides to adult N. barkeri. High-efficiency cyfluthrin and chlorpyrifos were the most lethal with corrected mortality rates of 97.62% and 92.57%, respectively. The fenpropathrin-resistant strain of N. barkeri had significant cross-resistance to spirodiclofen, thiamethoxam, ethimazole, chlorpyrifos and high-efficiency cyfluthrin, being 7.56, 10.32, 11.45, 19.10 and 45.89 times, respectively, more resistant to these pesticides than a susceptible strain. The developmental period of the resistant strain was significantly longer than that of the sensitive strain, but there were no significant differences in the prey capture and hatching rates of these strains. Pyridaben, bufomite and fenpropathrin had significant effects on the hatching rate of both resistant and sensitive strains of N. barkeri, whereas most of other common pesticides had no effect on hatch rate. [Conclusion] Fenpropathrin-resistance was associated with different levels of cross-resistance to common pesticides in orange orchards but had no significant effect on the growth, reproduction and prey capture rate of N. barkeri, which could be more widely used as a biological control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to analyze the apphcation of the thick translation strategy adopted in the English version of The Great Learning by respectively taking qualitative analysis as the research method and Steiner's hermeneutic motion theory as the research perspective. On the basis of Steiner's four hermeneutic translation procedures, the paper summarizes the types of thick translation strategies adopted in The Great Learning by James Legge and discusses the specific application of translation strategies at the stages of trust, aggression, incorporation and enactment of reciprocity, further demonstrating that thick translation is a translation strategy applied through the whole process of Chinese classics translation rather than merely a translation tool of interpreting cultural implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software evolution information measurement not only could be used to found software problems during software development and software maintenance, but also to predict software change tendency. However, traditional methods of measuring software evolution information mainly used file, directory or project as the basic unit to track the software change, which lacked the ability of measuring the software evolution in the higher level of abstraction, this paper proposed an approach, which was based on the component-based software configuration management model and took the component as the basic measure unit, to measure the software itself evolution (such as the latest evolution measurement, the earlier evolution measurement) and the evolution similarity between two software based on the attribute change. Also it designed and implement a prototype support software system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-replicated Abies fargesii tree-ring width chronology in the Shennongjia Mount was developed to investigate its radial growth response to climate variables (e.g., monthly mean temperature and total precipitation) and other growing season indicators (e.g., cumulative temperature, continuous days, initial and final dates). Correlation analyses showed that the tree-ring width was positively correlated to the mean temperatures of February, April and September, and negatively correlated to the total precipitation of September, prior September and prior December. The analyses between the chronology and other growing season parameters showed that tree growth responded positively to the cumulative temperature and continuous days of the growing season. The correlation was the highest when the growing season was defined as the days above the temperature threshold of 9.0 °C. Defined this way, the growing season typically started in late-May and ended in mid-September, lasting about 120 days. Correlation analyses were also conducted between the tree-ring growth and the initial and final dates of the growing season. Results showed that correlation was the highest for initial dates defined at 9.0 °C (with the coefficient of -0.25 and p-value close to 0.05), and for final dates defined at 9.3 °C (with the coefficient of 0.33 and p-value less than 0.05). All these results indicated that the sensitive temperature threshold for photosynthesis of A. fargesii was around 9.0 °C. The year 1978 marked an abrupt shift of climate in southeast China. We compared A. fargesii growth between pre-1978 and post-1978 periods. Results showed that as temperature rose, the growing season was lengthened with both earlier initial dates and later final dates. Longer growing season increased the A. fargesii growth in the Shennongjia Mount, southeastern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two robust ?Pinus taiwanensis Hayata tree-ring width chronologies were developed at high elevation sites in Jiulongshan Natural Conservation Area (JLS01), southeastern Zhejiang Province and Guniujiang (GNJ01), southern Anhui Province, China. The reliable period was 1884-2010 for JLS01 and 1837-2008 for GNJ01, based on subsample signal strength (SSS) threshold value of 0.8. Meteorological data were monthly mean temperature, monthly total precipitation and monthly mean relative humidity, monthly total cloud cover, as well as monthly sunshine duration. The data from the meteorological stations around the sampling sites were averaged to represent regional climate, which were used in the correlation analyses with the tree-ring chronologies. The correlation analyses indicated that summer (prior June-July and current June) hydrothermal condition was the main limiting factor on radial tree growth at the two high elevation sites. For JLS01 chronology, significant positive correlations were found with prior June-July temperature and sunshine duration, significant negative correlations with prior June-July and current June precipitation and relative humidity, and total cloud cover of prior July. GNJ01 chronology was significantly positively correlated with prior July temperature as well as prior July and current June sunshine duration, negatively correlated with prior July and current June precipitation and relative humidity, as well as total cloud cover of prior June. These results showed that relatively high temperature could promote radial growth, whereas high precipitation, together with high relative humidity, high cloud cover and low sunshine duration, could limit the photosynthesis and thus restrain the radial tree growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]