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In order to improve the reaction efficiency and rate of Al powder with seawater, highly active Al base powder (Al-Mg-Sn-Bi alloy powder, AMSB) was prepared by adding low melting metal (Sn and Bi) by atomizing. The hydrogen generation rate and open circuit potential of AMSB alloy powder were measured by hydrogen generation test and electrochemical test, and the hydrolysis mechanism was characterized. The hydrogen generation test results show that the hydrogen generation rate of AMSB alloy powder in 3.5%(mass fraction) NaCl solution can reach 214.80 mL·min-1·g-1, and the hydrogen generation efficiency can reach 80.45%. The results of electrochemical experiments show that the addition of Sn and Bi can reduce the open circuit potential of AMSB alloy powder and promote the negative shift of the electrode potential of Al powder. The phase composition and microstructure of AMSB alloy powder before and after the reaction were characterized by XRD, XPS and SEM-EDS. Low melting point elements Sn and Bi can destroy the densification of oxide film, effectively improve the reaction efficiency of Al with water and promote the reaction process of Al and water. Moreover, the galvanic cell effect formed between Al, Sn and Bi elements is an important reason for the improvement of the hydrolysis performance of AMSB alloy powder. Therefore, the highly active Al based powder prepared has a certain application value in the field of high energy water reaction metal fuel.

The FEM has been widely adopted to solve electromagnetic field problems. The accuracy of FEM is highly effected by the number of system units and the complexity of computational order,leading to low computational efficiency. In order to improve the computational efficiency of FEM,gradient smooth is introduced into numerical calculation of electromagnetic field,then a new method of ES-FEM is proposed. The electromagnetic field of infinite straight grounding slot and Electric Vehicle are simulated with MATLAB. The results shows that smooth gradient operation makes the discrete system closer to the continuous system,increasing the accuracy and the efficiency of FEM.

The particularity of additive manufacturing processes leds to the fact that the manufacturing structure exhibited anisotropic mechanics properties. In order to meet the more stringent strut tural strength design requirements, atopology optimization strategy considering anisotropic strengt constraints was proposed based on bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization. The anisotrop Tsai-Hill failure coefficient evaluating additive structural strength was derived, and an objective function containing the constraint of failure coefficient was established by the scale factor. The sensitivit numbers were analyzed in detail, moreover, numerical methods such as sensitivity normalization wei used to stabilize the optimization processes. It shows that the proposed method effectively suppresses the high failure risk area, thus, ensures the structural strength, and may obtain better results tha that of von-Mesis stress-dependent design under material anisotropic strength assumption. In add tion, the optimization results are deeply rely on the variation of anisotropy and the material stackin angle parameters, therefore reasonable tuning will help to optimize structural properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy decoupling rate and vibration isolation rate of engine mounts are the two important performance indicators in designing vehicle powertrain assembly. Through integrating Matlab and ADAMS by software iSIGHT, a math model concurrently considering both energy decoupling rate and vibration isolation rate is built, and a multi-objective optimization on the performance parameters of mounting system is conducted by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. The results of real vehicle test verify the feasibility of the method proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current studies suggest that for early-stage lung cancers with a component of ground-glass opacity measuring ≤2 cm, sublobar resection is suitable if it ensures adequate margins. However, lobectomy may be necessary for some cases to achieve this. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of size and depth on surgical techniques for wedge resection, segmentectomy, and lobectomy in early-stage lung cancer ≤2 cm, and to determine methods for ensuring a safe resection margin during sublobar resections., Methods: Clinical data from 385 patients with early-stage lung cancer ≤2 cm, who underwent lung resection in 2022, were subject to a retrospective analysis, covering three types of procedures: wedge resection, segmentectomy and lobectomy. The depth indicator as the OA value, which is the shortest distance from the inner edge of a pulmonary nodule to the opening of the corresponding bronchus, and the AB value, which is the distance from the inner edge of the nodule to the pleura, were measured. For cases undergoing lobectomy and segmentectomy, three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) was performed to statistically determine the number of subsegments required for segmentectomy. The cutting margin width for wedge resection and segmentectomy was recorded, as well as the specific subsegments and their quantities removed during lung segmentectomy were documented., Results: In wedge resection, segmentectomy, and lobectomy, the sizes of pulmonary nodules were (1.08±0.29) cm, (1.31±0.34) cm and (1.50±0.35) cm, respectively, while the depth of the nodules (OA values) was 6.05 (5.26, 6.85) cm, 4.43 (3.27, 5.43) cm and 3.04 (1.80, 4.18) cm for each procedure, showing a progressive increasing trend (P<0.001). The median resection margin width obtained from segmentectomy was 2.50 (1.50, 3.00) cm, significantly greater than the 1.50 (1.15, 2.00) cm from wedge resection (P<0.001). In wedge resections, cases where AB value >2 cm demonstrated a higher proportion of cases with resection margins less than 2 cm compared to those with margins greater than 2 cm (29.03% vs 12.90%, P=0.019). When utilizing the size of the nodule as the criterion for resection margin, the instances with AB value >2 cm continued to show a higher proportion in the ratio of margin distance to tumor size less than 1 (37.50% vs 17.39%, P=0.009). The median number of subsegments for segmentectomy was three, whereas lobectomy cases requiring segmentectomy involved five subsegments (P<0.001)., Conclusions: The selection of the surgical approach for lung resection is influenced by both the size and depth of pulmonary nodules. This study first confirms that larger portions of lung tissue must be removed for nodules that are deeper and larger to achieve a safe margin. A distance of ≤2 cm from the inner edge of the pulmonary nodule to the nearest pleura may be the ideal indication for performing wedge resection.

Background: More early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are diagnosed in time and treated surgically, but systematic lymph node dissection can not bring enough survival benefits for them, and even increase the probability of postoperative complications. This study aims to analyze the risk factors and evaluate mediastinal lymph node metastasis sites in different lung lobes for NSCLC with diameter ≤2 cm, so as to provide reference for surgery., Methods: We collected 1051 patients with pulmonary nodule diameter ≤2 cm who were treated by pulmonary lobectomy with lymph node sampling/dissection in Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from December 2009 to December 2019. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis, to explore the risk factors and evaluate mediastinal lymph node metastasis sites in different lung lobes., Results: 95 of 1051 (9.04%) patients presented lymph node metastasis. Male, pathological non-adenocarcinoma, 1 cm0.05). Lymph nodes in group N1 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in groups #2R, #4R, #5, #6, #7 and #9 (P<0.01)., Conclusions: Lobe-specific lymph node dissection (LSND) can be performed for early-stage NSCLC. Male, pathological non-adenocarcinoma, 1 cm

The outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has brought great harm to people's life and social development. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection is more common in mild patients at present, considering the characteristics of crtical disease, rapid progress and high mortality, the treatment of critical patients are the focus of clinical attention. Immune imbalance which is characterized by cytokine storm plays a vital role in SARS-CoV-2 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), extrapulmonary multiple organ failure and even death. Therefore, the application of immunosuppressive agent in crtical coronavirus disease patients has a promising prospect. In this paper, different immunosuppressive agents and their application in crtical SARS-CoV-2 infection are reviewed, so as to provide reference for crtical coronavirus disease therapy.

Background: Lobectomy is the main treatment strategy for early lung cancer. However, there are many anatomical variations in the lungs, especially some pulmonary veins will deviate from the normal position, and even cross the border of lob to enter the adjacent lobes, which increases the difficulty and risk of lobectomy. This study aims to analyze the variation types and frequency of pulmonary translobar veins, and further investigate its clinical significance in lobectomy., Methods: This study retrospectively included 916 patients who underwent lung resection in our center from December 2018 to November 2019, and selected 310 patients who underwent enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) examination before surgery. Enhanced chest CT and three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) of these patients were applied to analyze the types and frequency of translobar veins. Further, 48 cases of lobectomy whose operation areas involved translobar veins were further screened out of 916 surgical cases (Among them, the translobar veins of 36 subjects were cut off and the other 12 patients were reserved). The effect of two different treatments on remaining lung was observed by surgical video., Results: A total of 26 translobar veins patterns were identified with an overall incidence of 82.26%, much greater in the right than in the left lung (80.65% vs 11.94%). The major types (frequency >5%) in the right lung include: the VX2 (5.48%) that flows into the inferior pulmonary vein behind the intermediate bronchus, the V3b (58.39%) that converges the venous branches of the upper and middle lobe, the VX4 that flows into the V2 (13.23%) or V3 (12.58%) in the horizontal fissure, the VX4 (8.71%) or VX5 (7.42%) that flows into the left atrium beneath the middle lobe bronchus, and the VX6 that flows into V2 in the Oblique fissure. The major types in the left lung include the common trunk (9.36%) of the superior and inferior pulmonary vein, of which 4.84% are greater than 1 cm in length. Compared to the preserved group, circulatory function of the remaining lung was impaired in the severed group, with the impaired area failing to collapse long after ventilation is stopped, the incidence of postoperative hemoptysis (13.89% vs 0.00%) and pulmonary air leakage (19.44% vs 8.33%) increased, the postoperative hospital stay [(4.72±1.86) d vs (3.92±1.62) d] was longer, and the total drainage during 3 days after operation [(705.42±265.02) mL vs (604.92±229.64) mL] was more, but the difference is not statistically significant., Conclusions: There are a variety of types of translobar pulmonary veins and some of them have a high incidence; However, most of the translobar veins were neglected in surgery, which could adversely affect the safety of surgery and the recovery of patients after surgery.