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Objective: The aim of this study was to analysis the effect of cultivars on the adaptability of kiwifruit processing to chips while six cultivars of kiwifruit were used as the raw material. Methods: Kiwifruit chips were prepared by the method of vacuum freeze-dried. Sensory evaluation and nine indexes such as the yield of kiwifruit chips, water-soluble pectin, acid-soluble pectin, soluble sugar, total acid content, sugar-acid ratio. ascorbic acid content, hardness and crispness of kiwifruit chips were analyzed. Results: There were significantly differences among yield, nutrient content and sensory indicators in kiwifruit chips while the kiwifruit chips were prepared with different cultivars. Kiwifruit chips with cultivar name "Jinyan" were higher in yield, water-soluble pectin, soluble sugar and hardness of kiwifruit chips, but were lower in total acid content and crispness of kiwifruit chips. Kiwifruit chips with cultivar name "Jinmei" were higher in yield, water-soluble pectin, soluble sugar and ascorbic acid, and were lower in total acid, hardness and crispness of kiwi fruit chips. Kiwifruit chips with cultivar name "Jinyuan" were higher in water-soluble pectin, acid-soluble pectin, bound-pectin, soluble sugar, total acid and ascorbic acid, and were lower in hardness and crispness of kiwi fruit chips. Kiwifruit chips with cultivar name "Jintao" were higher in yield, sugar-acid ratio, ascorbic acid, hardness and crispness of the chips, and were lower in water-soluble pectin and total acid in kiwifruit chips. Kiwifruit chips with cultivar name "Cuiyu" were higher in yield, sugar-acid ratio, crispness of kiwifruit chips, and were lower in acid-soluble pectin, bound-pectin, soluble sugar, total acid and hardness of chips. Kiwifruit chips with cultivar name "Donghong" were higher in yield of kiwifruit chips, acid-soluble pectin, bound-pectin, soluble sugar, sugar-acid ratio and hardness of chips, and were lower in water-soluble pectin, total acid and crispness of chips. Conclusion: The cultivars of kiwifruit had extremely effect on the yield, nutrient content and sensory indicators of kiwifruit chips. Kiwifruit named "Donghong" was considered as the optimal cultivar to be prepared kiwifruit chips by vacuum freeze-drying method.

A novel method of training set construction for predicting protein subcellular localization is designed. The proposed approach aims at the shortage of valid data with experimental annotations in the traditional methods, and employs active learning strategy to actively select some effective data with non-experimental annotations which train the prediction model together with the original data, and also improves the prediction accuracy of the benchmark classifier. Combined with a support vector machine classifier, the approach is tested on an independent testing dataset of viral proteins. The test results indicate that the presented method can effectively improve the predicting capability of the benchmark classifier and can achieve a better performance than the existing predicting systems for viral proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since many real-world problems could be transformed and solved in multi-instance learning (MIL) framework, the researchers in the field of machine learning have paid more and more attention to MIL. Based on the Logistic regression model, a new MIL algorithm is developed. Firstly, in this algorithm, a new likelihood function is defined to build the relationship between the bag's class label and its instances' hidden class labels. Then, the aggregate function is used to transform the likelihood function to a smooth concave function, thereby the problem can be solved by ageneral unconstrained optimization method. Experimental results of both the benchmark data sets and a text categorization problem show that the proposed algorithm can achieve superior performance to the published MIL algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrated optimization design method considering several kind of design variables, which include the structural topology, the placements and the numbers of actuators as well as the control system parameters of a cantilever piezoelectric intelligent plate, is investigated. This method is seldom to be noticed before. The realization of simultaneous optimization proposed in this paper is used by combining design of linear quadratic optimal control system based coupled modal space with strategies based on genetic algorithm and mathematical morphology. Results of numerical example show that the presented method is rational and effective, which can produce clear structural topology and high control performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the significance of real-time elastograph (RTE) in differentiating non-metastatic and metastatic axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer. Methods A total of 57 I) mph nodes from 57 patients with breast cancer were examined by both two-dimensional ultrasound and RTE: sonograms and elastograms were analyzed, respectively. The results were compared with histopathologic outcomes. Results The elasticity score for metastatic lymph nodes was higher than that for non-metastatic lymph nodes (3.23± 0.43 vs. 1.35 ± 0.49, <0. 05) . Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of two-dimensional ultrasound and RTE were 80.0% vs. 86.7%, 77. 8% vs. 81.5% and 78.9% vs. 84.2% respectively ( P >0.05) . The area under the ROC curves of two-dimensional ultrasound and RTE was 0.813 and 0.885 respectively. Conclusion RTE is an effective ultrasonographic method in differentiating non-metastatic and metastatic axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer, especially when the nodes arc not clearly deformed in shape with two-dimensional ultrasound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, China's air quality has been improving, and the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter has decreased significantly. In this study, the pollution characteristics and trends of two typical representative cities (Beijing and Chengdu) were analyzed. The geographical locations, pollution emissions, and meteorological diffusion conditions of the two cities were compared, to evaluate the relative contribution of meteorological conditions and pollution reduction regulations in decreasing fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations. The results showed that the number of heavily polluted days and pollution episodes in Beijing and Chengdu decreased significantly from 2013 to 2018, and the concentration of SO 2 and PM 2.5 decreased substantially. Compared to 2013, SO 2 concentration in Beijing and Chengdu has decreased by 77.8% and 70.9%, whereas PM 2.5 concentration has decreased by 42.7% and 48.5%, respectively. The largest reduction appeared in winter, when PM 2.5 decreased at an annual rate of 13.5 μg ·m -3 for Beijing and 14.1 μg ·m -3 for Chengdu. During the study period, the wind speed in Chengdu was less than that in Beijing, temperature was approximately 3℃ higher, and static wind in winter was more frequent. A significantly lower mixed-layer height, atmospheric capacity index, and ventilation coefficient in Chengdu resulted in more unfavorable atmospheric diffusion conditions. The static and stable weather index and the environmental meteorological index (EMI) also showed that the atmospheric diffusion conditions were better in Beijing than in Chengdu. The EMI of the two cities showed a decreasing trend during the study period, and the decline in EMI in Chengdu was the most significant in 2018, indicating an evident improvement in meteorological conditions. In 2018, emission reductions are estimated to have contributed 33.5% and 24% to the decrease in PM 2.5 in Beijing and Chengdu, respectively, and meteorological conditions contributed 7.2% and 11.1% to the reduction in these two cities. In winter, emission reductions respectively contributed 31.7% and 32.5% to reduction in Beijing and Chengdu, while meteorological conditions made a larger contribution.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the quantity and status of the tumor infiltrating regulatory T lymphocytes in breast cancer and the draining lymph nodes, and to elucidate the clinical pathologic significance., Methods: Seventy-four breast cancer samples with excised axillary lymph nodes were typed and staged histopathologically. The regulatory T lymphocytes were labeled by immunohistochemistry using EnVision method with the monoclonal antibodies against CD25 and Foxp3, and the immunophenotype was analyzed. In addition, the expression of IFN-γ, IL-10 and TGF-β1 mRNA in lymphocytes of lymph nodes draining the tumors was detected by in situ hybridization with the corresponding specific oligo nucleaic acid probes., Results: The number of CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells infiltrating the interstitium was much higher than that in the parenchymal tissue of the cancer. In the tumor draining lymph nodes, CD25(+) cells and Foxp3(+) cells were predominantly distributed in the paracortex with a proliferative pattern. TGF-β1, INF-γ and IL-10 mRNA positive cells showed a similar distribution pattern in the draining lymph nodes. Among the 39 cases with metastatic disease, the lymph nodes with metastases showed a much higher number of CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells than that without metastases (23.5 vs 17.3 and 23.8 vs 15.5; P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the density of Foxp3(+)CD25(+) cells in the draining lymph nodes between the death and survival groups (P > 0.05). Cytokine expression of TGF-β1, IL-10 and IFN-γ mRNA in the lymphocytes of draining lymph nodes in 24 cases showed that there were more IL-10 mRNA positive cells in the dead patients than that in the survived patients. A similar trend was observed for TGF-β1 mRNA positive cells but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The expression rate of TGF-β1 and IL-10 mRNA in the draining lymph nodes was proportional to that of CD25(+) and Foxp3(+) cells (P < 0.05), and the expression of TGF-β1 positive cells was also proportional to that of IL-10 mRNA positive cells (P < 0.01). The expression of IFN-γ mRNA among these groups showed no significance (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: Regulatory T cells may play important roles in inhibiting the host antitumor immunity, and the presence of increased regulatory T cells and Th2-secreting cells in paracortex with a proliferative pattern in the tumor draining lymph nodes implies that the paracortical proliferation of draining lymph nodes may not reflect positive antitumor effects.

Objective: To investigate the changes and development of surgical treatment for breast cancer from 1999 to 2008 in China, and compare the differences between the surgical methods used in high-resource and low-resource areas., Methods: Clinicopathological data of surgical treatment for female primary breast cancer was collected via medical chart review at hospitals in seven geographic areas in China. Chi-square test and chisqure test for linear trends were used to analyze the changes and development of the surgical methods used for breast cancer in the 10 years., Results: A total of 4211 primary breast cancer patients were selected from the 10-year database, including 4078 women (97.5%) treated by surgical operation. Among 3271 women (80.21%) treated with modified radical mastectomy, the surgical rate was rising from 68.89% in 1999 to 80.17% in 2008, ascending by 11.28% (χ(2) = 31.143, P < 0.001). In high-resource areas, the surgical rate of modified radical mastectomy was rising from 45.64% in 1999 to 76.13% in 2008, ascending by 30.49% (χ(2) = 89.393, P < 0.001), while in low-resource areas it kept a steady rate at 80% in the ten years (χ(2) = 2.113,P = 0.146). Among 231 women (5.66%) treated with breast-conserving surgery, the surgical rate was rising from 1.29% in 1999 to 11.57% in 2008, ascending by 10.28% (χ(2) = 102.835, P < 0.001). In high-resource areas, the surgical rate of breast-conserving surgery was rising from 2.68% in 1999 to 16.87% in 2008, ascending by 14.19% (χ(2) = 69.544, P < 0.001), while in low-resource areas it was rising from 0.42% in 1999 to 6.22% in 2008, ascending by 5.80% (χ(2) = 30.003, P < 0.001). Among 469 women (11.50%) treated with Halsted radical mastectomy, the surgical rate was declining from 28.28% in 1999 to 4.96% in 2008, descending by 23.32% (χ(2) = 206.202, P < 0.001). In high-resource areas, the surgical rate of Halsted radical mastectomy was declining from 50.34% in 1999 to 3.29% in 2008, descending by 47.05% (χ(2) = 274.830, P < 0.001), while in low-resource areas it was declining from 14.58% in 1999 to 6.64% in 2008, descending by 7.94% (χ(2) = 8.166, P = 0.004). Among 3786 women treated with breast mastectomy (including modified radical mastectomy and Halsted radical mastectomy), the surgical rate was declining from 98.46% in 1999 to 86.36% in 2008, descending by 12.10% (χ(2) = 95.744, P < 0.001). In high-resource areas, the surgical rate of breast mastectomy was declining from 96.64% in 1999 to 80.66% in 2008, descending by 15.98% (χ(2) = 53.446, P < 0.001), while in low-resource areas it was declining from 99.58% in 1999 to 92.12% in 2008, descending by 7.46% (χ(2) = 36.758,P < 0.001)., Conclusions: The main primary surgical treatment for breast cancer is modified radical mastectomy during the period 1999 - 2008. Halsted radical mastectomy is gradually replaced by modified radical mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery. The rate of changes for breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy is higher in high-resource areas than that in low-resource areas. Breast-conserving surgery will become the main treatment for early-stage breast cancer.

Objective: To investigate the effect of gradually induced disordered occlusion (GIDO) on the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) in mandibular condylar cartilage of rats., Methods: Totally 48 rats, aged 8 weeks were included, and were divided into experimental and control groups randomly at 4 time points, with same gender distribution (n=3). By inserting elastic rubber band the right side mandibular first molar and the left side maxillary first molar were moved mesially. Four weeks later, the right side mandibular third molar and the left side maxillary third molar were moved distally with same method. In this way, the GIDO was established in rats. The rats were sacrificed at the end of 2th, 4th, 6th and 8th week respectively after the application of the GIDO. The expression of OPG and RANKL in condylar cartilage was examined with immunohistochemical method and calculated by the area of positive cell percentage., Results: OPG and RANKL expressed predominantly in condylar cartilage hypertrophic layer. The rats in experimental group expressed a higher OPG level in all of the 4 time points than their age-matched controls (P<0.05), while RANKL were higher in 2, 6, 8 weeks subgroups (P<0.05), but not in 4 weeks subgroup. No differences were found between male and female subgroups., Conclusion: The present results suggest that both OPG and RANKL take part in the condylar cartilage remodeling procedure in the present rat model.

Atmospheric particle size distributions (size range 0.5-20 microm) were measured using aerodynamic particle sizer (APS-3321) from August 1st to October 31st in Lanzhou. Variations of particle concentrations and properties of volume concentration distributions were analyzed through cluster analysis. The main objective of this study was to identify factors affecting the particle size distributions in Lanzhou. The hourly averaged particle number, surface area and volume concentrations are (108.1 +/- 92.2) cm(-3), (282.9 +/- 267.9) microm2 x cm(-3) and (92.2 +/- 127.3) microm3 x cm(-3), respectively. The number, surface area and volume concentrations of fine particles (0.5-2.5 microm) account for 98.7%, 73.8% and 52.9% of the total particle concentrations in 0.5-20 microm, respectively. The size distribution of number concentrations is unimodal with a peak at accumulation mode. The size distributions of surface area and volume concentrations are bimodal with peaks at accumulation mode and coarse mode, respectively. The size distributions of particle volume concentrations mainly have 7 clusters, indicating the effect of different sources and meteorological conditions. Coarse mode particles are dominant in particle volume size distributions affected by wind-borne dust and on dust days, while that affected by motor vehicle combustion emissions and traffic resuspended dust are characterized by bimodal with peaks at accumulation mode and coarse mode, respectively.

Objective: To study clinical effects of PHILOS (proximal humeral internal locking system) plates through mini-open deltoid-splitting approach for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures., Methods: From March 2006 to August 2010, 22 patients with proximal humeral fractures were treated with PHILOS plates through mini-open deltoid-splitting approach. According to Neer classification, 6 cases were type II, 15 cases were type III and 1 case was type IV. Through the anterolateral approach to the shoulder, anterolateral vertical incision of 4 cm length was perforrmed from 1 cm under acromion, and separated deltoideus muscle vertically to touch the fracture,reduced the end of fracture directly and indirectly. PHILOS plate was inserted downward into anterolateral surface of humerus through deltoideus muscle, the distal end and proximal end was fixed by locking screws. The Neer score for shoulder function was evaluated within 1 year after operation., Results: The operative time ranged from 30 to 70 minutes with an average of 45 minutes. No blood transfusion was required during the operation, and all incisions healed in stage I. All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 18 months with a mean time of 12.5 months. All the fractures healed up perfectly, and the union time ranged from 6 to 12 weeks. According to Neer criteria for shoulder joint function, 10 patients got an excellent result, 9 good, 2 poor and 1 bad. There were no complications such as axillary nerve injuries, screw loosening, steel plate breakage, dislocation of shoulder joint and necrosis of humeral bone., Conclusion: PHILOS plate through mini-open deltoid-splittin approach for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures has follow advantages: simple recover,minor-injuries and small tissue invasion, which is an ideal method to treat proximal humeral fractures.

Objective: To establish a bioluminescent MDA-MB-231 cell line which can stably express luciferase and green fluorescent protein to allow bioluminescent imaging in nude mouse models bearing human triple-negative breast cancer xenografts., Methods: The lentivirus carrying luc2, eGFP and neo fusion genes were packaged in 293T cells via calcium phosphate co-precipitation. Human triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was infected by the lentivirus, and the positive cell clones were tested for eGFP and luc2 expressions by fluorescence microscopy and Xenogen IVIS200 bioluminescent imaging system, respectively. MTT assay, transwell invasion assay and wound healing assay were performed to evaluate the changes in the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of the infected cells. The cells were then orthotopically implanted into the right second mammary fat pat of female BALB/c nude mice. The tumor growth was monitored by the in vivo imaging system every week, and the tumor tissues were harvested to evaluate the in vivo stability and tumorigenicity of the modified cells using cryosection and HE staining., Results: The lentivirus-infected MDA-MB-231cells could stably express luc2 and eGFP, and the luciferase activity reached 9689 phontons/s/per cell. No significant changes occurred in the biological activities of the lentivirus-infected MDA-MB-231 cells. We successfully established the nude mouse model bearing orthotopically implanted human triple-negative breast cancer cells., Conclusion: The modified MDA-MB-231 cell line can be detected sensitively at the primary implantation site and distant metastasis site in nude mice, which provides a convenient and sensitive platform for the research of metastatic mechanism and new antitumor drugs of human triple-negative breast cancer. The combination of eGFP and luc2 is superior to single reporter gene.

Objective: To explore clinical features, diagnostic methods and treatment of gallstone ileus., Methods: Clinical data of 5 patients with gallstone ileus were analyzed retrospectively. Pertinent literature from China between 2000 and 2009 were reviewed. The disease onset, clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of gallstone ileus were studied., Results: Four out of 5 patients were female aged over 60, of whom 3 had a previous history of cholelithiasis, 2 had a history of cholangiojejunostomy internal drainage procedure. Four patients underwent enterotomy and gallstone extraction combined with hepatobiliary operation, while one underwent enterotomy alone. There was no postoperative recurrence. A review of the literature from China revealed 441 cases with intestinal obstruction caused by gallstone, consisting 1.15% of all the cases with bowel obstruction. 67.12% were female. 73.56% were elderly. 87.92% were from cystoenteral fistula. Site of bowel obstruction in ileum was 64.17% of the cases. 71.89% were misdiagnosed with other types of obstruction. Two hundred twenty-five patients underwent enterotomy and gallstone extraction combined with hepatobiliary operation, which carried a lower rate of postoperative recurrence and malignancy (P<0.05) than enterotomy alone. There were no statistical significant differences in the occurrence of postoperative cystoenteral fistula, wound infection, pulmonary infection, cure rate, and mortality(P>0.05)., Conclusions: The incidence of gallstone ileus is low and more common in female elderly. The gallstones often drain through cystoenteral fistula and lodge in the ileum. Enterotomy without hepatobiliary operation is associated with potential risk of recurrence and development of gallbladder malignancy. Combined hepatobiliary operation is recommended in patients without significant comorbidities.

Objectives: To investigate the spatial structure of pedicle rib units in normal thoracic human spines and to compare the dimensions of the pedicle rib unit with corresponding dimensions., Methods: Thoracic spine specimens in four fresh adult cadaveric were used. Computerized tomographic (CT) images (including two-dimensional, three-dimensional reconstruction) of the thoracic spines were obtained. Measurement parameters include:the width, the height, the chord length and the sagittal angles of the pedicle rib unit compared with pedicle, especially for the pedicle-rib overlapping height., Results: The pedicle rib unit was not a simple two-dimensional structure but a three-dimensional structure. The shortest height of pedicle rib unit was (12.6 ± 0.8) mm (T(1)), while the longest was (16.9 ± 1.1) mm (T(11)). The shortest height of pedicle-rib overlap was (7.2 ± 0.3) mm (T(1)), while the longest was (11.8 ± 1.0) mm (T(10)). The height of pedicle rib unit and the height of pedicle were significantly larger than that of the pedicle-rib overlap (P < 0.05), while there was no significantly difference between the height of pedicle rib unit and the height of pedicle (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The pedicle rib unit is a complicated spatial structure, and the longitudinal height of pedicle-rib overlap should be taken as the real height of the unit.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between positive expression of Her2 and abnormal expressions of beta-catenin and E-cadherin and its implications., Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Her2, beta-catenin and E-cadherin in 147 samples of human breast carcinoma. The expressions of beta-catenin and E-cadherin were also detected in 19 tissues adjacent to the carcinoma and 17 benign breast lesions as controls., Results: In breast carcinoma, positive Her2 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage and negative expression of ER and PR (P<0.05). Abnormal beta-catenin expression was associated with positive lymph node status and high histological grade (P<0.01). Abnormality of E-cadherin expression was related to lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage (P<0.05). Abnormal beta-catenin expression was directly correlated with abnormal E-cadherin expression (P<0.01). Her2 positivity showed a direct correlation to abnormal beta-catenin expression (P<0.01), and they cooperated in promoting axillary lymph node metastasis in human breast carcinoma (P<0.01)., Conclusion: A direct correlation between positive Her2 expression and abnormal beta-catenin expression exists in human breast carcinoma, and positive Her2 expression may have functional interactions with abnormal activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective: To analyze retrospectively the quantity and activation status of the tumor infiltrating cytotoxic lymphocytes in breast cancer and the draining lymph nodes, and its relation to the clinical pathological significance., Methods: Seventy-four breast cancer samples with their corresponding axillary lymph nodes were histologically typed and staged. Cytotxic lymphocytes were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibodies against CD8, CD56, granzyme B and perforin., Results: The number of infiltrating CD8(+) T cells in the cancerous interstitial tissue were much higher than that in the tumor parenchyma. Compared with the metastatic tumor samples, the CD8(+) T cells were more intensive in the primary tumors (35.7 +/- 16.0 vs. 23.7 +/- 9.6). The tumor infiltrating CD8(+) T cells of patients with 5 years survivals were more than that of the dead cases in this follow-up series death (32.9 +/- 14.1 vs. 20.1 +/- 9.9). There was no significant difference of activated tumor infiltrating cytotoxic T cell analyzed by using the activation marker granzyme B(+) and there was also no significant correlation between the intensity of CD8(+), CD56(+) cells and the clinicopathological stages. However, percentages of the activated cytotoxic lymphocytes in Stage I groups were significantly higher than those in stage III and IV. Moreover, the number of perforin(+) cells was significantly less than that of granzyme B(+) cells, particularly in the cancerous tissue, indicating a dysfunctional status of tumor infiltrating cytotoxic lymphocytes., Conclusions: Activated cytotoxic lymphocytes may play a significant role against the tumor progression and is associated with a favorable prognosis to some extent. However, a putative dysfunctional status of cytotoxic lymphocytes at tumor site may compromise the host immunity against cancer.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of pain in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) through analyzing the description of pain by the TMD patients., Methods: Ninety TMD pain patients were included and the glossary in description of the intensity, rhythm and degree of disability due to TMD pain were recorded., Results: The descriptive pain by 90 patients was slight to moderate. There was no significant difference between males and females or between chronic and acute patients in the description of pain intensity (P > 0.05). The chewing disability was the most often reported complaining, and then was mental status. The probability of pain at rest was not different between in chronic pain patients and acute pain patients(P > 0.05). The acute pain patients often used aching, slight and tingle to describe their pain, while the chronic pain patients used dull, gas and numb more., Conclusion: Pain intensity in acute or chronic TMD patients is both low. The pain mainly influences chewing function and mental status in patients. Descriptive characteristic with chronic orofacial pain is different from acute.

Objective: To investigate the antitumor effect of a benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotic, geldanamycin (GA), against HER2 /neu tyrosine kinase-overexpressing human breast cancer cell line SKBr3., Methods: To evaluate the antitumor activity of GA, the degradation of HER2 /neu tyrosine kinase in GA-treated SKBr3 cells was analyzed by Western blotting, their proliferation assessed using MTT assay, and the cell cycle distribution identified by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and Real-time PCR were employed to detect cyclin D1 mRNA expression and cell culture inserts model was used to evaluate the motility of the cells., Results: GA induced a dose- and time-dependent degradation of HER2 /neu tyrosine kinase and cell proliferation inhibition. GA treatment obviously decreased the survival rates of the cancer cells, leading also to a dose-dependent G(1) arrest. The antitumor effects of GA proved to be relevant with declined transcription of cyclin D1. The GA-treated cells also exhibited reduced motility., Conclusion: GA can efficiently destabilize HER2 /neu tyrosine kinase and inhibit the proliferation and motility of human breast cancer cell line SKBr3 overexpressing HER2 /neu tyrosine kinase.

Aim: To observe the distribution of immunocompetent cells (ICCs) in tumor's local draining lymph nodes (LDLN) at different stages of disease including non-metastasis, micro-metastasis and late metastasis., Methods: 71 LDLN from 22 breast cancer, 28 LDLN from 7 gastric carcinoma were analysed by using catalyzed signal amplification (CSA) immunohistochemical staining. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to perforin, granzyme B, CD8, CD56, CD68, S-100, CD134 and CD25 were used to detect the amount and functional change of ICCs., Results: Paracortical hyperplasia and sinus histocytosis was mainly observed in tumor's LDLN. As it was reported, the density of S100(+) dendritic cells (DCs) was decreased as the draining lymph nodes became tumor-containing from the status of tumor free (P<0.05), and the morphology of DCs turned to be inactivated. As the lymph nodes were invaded by tumors, the densities of CD134(+) lymphocytes and CD25(+) cells were significantly increased (P<0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant trend of decreasing in the number of activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (granzyme B(+) cells) in LDLN as tumor progressed from non/micro-metastasis, early metastasis to advanced stage metastasis (P<0.01). There was no obvious difference in distribution of ICC between non/micro-metastasis sentinel lymph nodes and non-sentinel lymph nodes., Conclusion: The dynamic change of the ICCs in LDLN implied that immune response of tumor bearing host tends to be inhibited with the progress of tumors.

Objective: To summarize the clinicopathological characteristics of multiple primary colorectal carcinoma., Method: With "multiple primary colorectal carcinoma" as search words,and with the same inclusion and exclusion criteria, related Chinese literatures published were retrieved. A meta analysis was carried out., Results: The incidence of multiple primary colorectal carcinoma was 2.9%; and the average age was 53 years. 55.2% of the cases with synchronous multiple primary colorectal carcinoma were diagnosed by fiberoptic colonoscopy before operation,37.5% by intraoperative exploration, 15.7% by postoperative pathology. 94.8% of the cases with metachronous multiple primary colorectal carcinoma were diagnosed by fiberoptic colonoscopy before operation,and the average interval was 5.2 years. 30.9% of the lesions were located in the rectum, 19.9% in the sigmoid, 9.0% in the descending colon, 5.2% the in splenic flexure, 9.1% in the transverse colon, 6.1% in the hepatic flexure, 11.8% in the ascending colon,and 8.1% in the caecum. 37.6% of the cases were complicated with extra- intestinal lesions,and 43.7% adenoma or polyps. 34.6% of the cases had lymph node metastasis. Histological type was the same in 60.6% of the cases,and adenocarcinoma accounted for 89.2% and cancerization of adenoma 8.4%. Radical resection was performed in 85.9% and palliative resection in 10.1% of the cases. The 3, 5, 10 and 15 year survival rates were 64.3%, 44.6%, 26.3% or 9.4% in synchronous multiple primary colorectal carcinoma respectively, and 69.6%, 59.2%, 45.0%, 36.7% in metachronous multiple primary colorectal carcinoma., Conclusions: Multiple primary colorectal carcinoma is rare in clinic. The diagnosis mainly depends on colonoscopy and intra-operative exploration. The resection rate is high and the prognosis is better. The prognosis of metachronous multiple primary carcinoma is better than that of synchronous multiple primary colorectal carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the MR image features of TMJ coronal structures., Methods: 28 TMJs from 15 cadavers dipped in formalin over 1 year were included. Their mandibles were fixed at intercuspal position when TMJs oblique coronal MR scan was taken. Baseline was draw on the oblique coronal imaging along the ramus of mandible through its center. The corresponding dimensions and areas were measured with electronic ruler., Results: The dimensions were in accordance from large to small as: lateral-medial dimension of fossa, lateral-medial dimension of condyle, medial dimension of fossa, medial dimension of condyle, lateral dimension of condyle and lateral dimension of fossa. Three significant co-relative relationship were found: the lateral dimension of condyle with lateral dimension of fossa, the medial dimension of condyle with medial dimension of fossa, and the lateral-medial dimension of condyle with lateral-medial dimension of fossa. CV of lateral dimension of fossa was higher than that of lateral and medial dimension of condyle, and then all the three were higher than other dimensions. The size of the area of joint space shown on oblique coronal imagings was positively related to that of the area of coronal disc imagings., Conclusion: Significant co-ordinate relationship of condyle and fossa of TMJ coronally was existed, and the condyle position to fossa lateral-medially varied in great.